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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated:
 
As of December 31, 2023
 Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting(1)
Total
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$21,796 $$$21,796 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions8,451 8,458 
Foreign government bonds70,182 70,190 
U.S. corporate public securities98,097 75 98,172 
U.S. corporate private securities(2)
38,199 2,821 41,020 
Foreign corporate public securities19,576 67 19,643 
Foreign corporate private securities30,447 1,843 32,290 
Asset-backed securities(3)
12,236 359 12,595 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities8,954 938 9,892 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,265 2,265 
Subtotal310,203 6,118 316,321 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies206 206 
Foreign government bonds604 604 
Corporate securities79 79 
Equity securities
1,004 1,275 2,279 
Subtotal1,004 2,164 3,168 
Market risk benefit assets1,981 1,981 
Fixed maturities, trading9,361 429 9,790 
Equity securities(4)
5,953 1,538 512 8,003 
Commercial mortgage and other loans519 519 
Other invested assets(5)
27 14,234 846 (13,158)1,949 
Short-term investments125 3,746 29 3,900 
Cash equivalents2,240 8,058 10,302 
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables
(75)224 149 
Other assets11 11 
Separate account assets(6)(7)
8,925 161,793 1,094 171,812 
Total assets$18,274 $511,541 $11,248 $(13,158)$527,905 
Market risk benefit liabilities$$$5,467 $$5,467 
Policyholders’ account balances7,752 7,752 
Reinsurance and funds withheld payables
490 490 
Other liabilities35 27,112 (22,973)4,175 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs778 

778 
Total liabilities$35 $27,602 $13,998 $(22,973)$18,662 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting(1)
Total
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$26,069 $$$26,069 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions9,682 9,689 
Foreign government bonds73,218 73,226 
U.S. corporate public securities87,521 65 87,586 
U.S. corporate private securities(2)
34,487 2,392 36,879 
Foreign corporate public securities20,621 66 20,687 
Foreign corporate private securities26,325 1,335 27,660 
Asset-backed securities(3)
12,582 269 12,851 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities9,644 1,011 10,655 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,408 2,417 
Subtotal302,557 5,162 307,719 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies189 189 
Foreign government bonds668 668 
Corporate securities88 88 
Equity securities780 1,119 1,899 
Subtotal780 2,064 2,844 
Market risk benefit assets800 800 
Fixed maturities, trading5,647 304 5,951 
Equity securities4,338 2,185 627 7,150 
Commercial mortgage and other loans137 137 
Other invested assets(5)
15 16,241 539 (14,802)1,993 
Short-term investments341 3,428 18 3,787 
Cash equivalents544 6,930 7,474 
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables(103)141 38 
Other assets(8)
11 11 
Separate account assets(6)(7)
8,310 162,414 1,081 171,805 
Total assets$14,328 $501,500 $8,683 $(14,802)$509,709 
Market risk benefit liabilities$$$5,864 $$5,864 
Policyholders’ account balances3,492 3,492 
Reinsurance and funds withheld payables
(31)(31)
Other liabilities(8)
26 26,327 (23,298)3,056 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
Total liabilities$26 $26,296 $9,357 $(23,298)$12,381 
__________
(1)“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral of $(9,815) million and $(8,496) million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)Excludes notes with fair value of $12,370 million (carrying amount of $12,370 million) and $8,040 million (carrying amount of $8,040 million) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types.
(4)Equity securities excluded from the fair value hierarchy include a fund for which fair value is measured at net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of this investment was $239 million.
(5)Other invested assets excluded from the fair value hierarchy include certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other funds for which fair value is measured at NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair values of such investments were $4,125 million and $3,689 million, respectively.
(6)Separate account assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate, hedge funds and other invested assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of such investments were $27,076 million and $25,874 million, respectively.
(7)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(8)Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Fair Value Inputs, Assets and Liabilities, Quantitative Information The tables below present quantitative information regarding significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities:
 As of December 31, 2023

Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)
 (in millions)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)(3)$1,311 Discounted
cash flow
Discount rate0.57%20%8.65%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)5.5X8.8X7.4XIncrease
LiquidationLiquidation value3.55%68.00%57.63%Increase
Commercial mortgage-backed securities$938 Discounted
cash flow
Liquidity premium0.60%0.75%0.70%Decrease
Market risk benefit assets(7)$1,981 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(9)1%20%Increase
Spread over SOFR(10)0.41%1.82%Increase
Utilization rate(11)38%95%Decrease
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%Increase
Equity volatility curve15%25%Decrease
Equity securities$246 Discounted
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.16%20%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.0X10.0X6.3XIncrease
Net Asset ValueShare price$3$1,714$733Increase
Liabilities:
Market risk benefit liabilities(7)$5,467 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%Decrease
Spread over SOFR(10)0.41%1.82%Decrease
Utilization rate(11)38%95%Increase
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%Decrease
   Equity volatility curve15%25% Increase
Policyholders’ account balances(8)$7,752 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%80%Decrease
Spread over SOFR(10)0.41%1.85%Decrease
Mortality rate(13)0%23%Decrease
Equity volatility curve6%25%Increase
Option Budget(14)(1)%7%Increase
 
 As of December 31, 2022

Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)
 (in millions)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)(3)$3,128 Discounted
cash flow
Discount rate0.61%20%8.09%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)2.2X23.5X8.3XIncrease
LiquidationLiquidation value8.16%8.25%8.21%Increase
Market risk benefit assets(7)$800 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(9)1%20%Increase
Spread over SOFR(10)0.50%2.20%Increase
Utilization rate(11)38%95%Decrease
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%Increase
Equity volatility curve18%26%Decrease
Equity securities$290 Discounted
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.16%20%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.0X7.5X4.0XIncrease
Net Asset ValueShare price$6$1,708$22Increase
Separate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)$74 Discounted
cash flow
Spread1.25%2.10%1.44%Decrease
Liabilities:
Market risk benefit liabilities(7)$5,864 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%Decrease
Spread over SOFR(10)0.50%2.20%Decrease
Utilization rate(11)38%95%Increase
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%Decrease
   Equity volatility curve18%26% Increase
Policyholders’ account balances(8)$3,492 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%80%Decrease
Spread over SOFR(10)0.17%1.93%Decrease
Mortality rate(13)0%23%Decrease
Equity volatility curve6%30%Increase
Option Budget(14)(2)%6%Increase
__________
(1)Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on fair value as that presented in the table.
(2)Includes assets classified as fixed maturities available-for-sale, assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and fixed maturities, trading.
(3)Excludes notes which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(4)Represents multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), and are amounts used when the Company has determined that market participants would use such multiples when valuing the investments.
(5)Includes certain investments where enterprise value is less than the amount needed to support senior and subordinated claims. These investments typically use a range of discount rates (10% to 20%), therefore presenting a range, rather than a weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(6)Changes in the fair value of separate account assets are borne by customers and thus are offset by changes in separate account liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As a result, changes in value associated with these investments are not reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(7)Market risk benefits primarily represent fair value for all living benefit guarantees including accumulation, withdrawal and income benefits. Since the valuation methodology for these assets and liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(8)Policyholders’ account balances primarily represent general account liabilities for the index-linked interest credited on certain of the Company’s life and annuity products that are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than a weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(9)Lapse rates for contracts with living benefit guarantees are adjusted at the contract level based on the in-the-moneyness of the living benefit and reflect other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. Lapse rates are reduced when contracts are more in-the-money. Lapse rates for contracts with index-linked crediting guarantees may be adjusted at the contract level based on the applicability of any surrender charges, product type, and market related factors such as interest rates. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower for the period where surrender charges apply. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for the purposes of valuing these balances.
(10)The spread over the SOFR swap curve and the LIBOR swap curve represents the premium added to the proxy for the risk-free rate (SOFR or LIBOR, as applicable) to reflect the Company’s estimates of rates that a market participant would use to value the living benefits in both the accumulation and payout phases and index-linked interest crediting guarantees as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This spread includes an estimate of NPR, which is the risk that the obligation will not be fulfilled by the Company. NPR is primarily estimated by utilizing the credit spreads associated with issuing funding agreements, adjusted for any illiquidity risk premium. In order to reflect the financial strength ratings of the Company, credit spreads associated with funding agreements, as opposed to credit spread associated with debt, are utilized in developing this estimate because funding agreements are insurance liabilities and are therefore senior to debt. Effective April 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with The Ohio National Life Insurance Company, now known as AuguStar Life Insurance Company (“AuguStar”), an affiliate of Constellation Insurance Holdings, Inc., to reinsure approximately $10 billion of account values of PDI traditional variable annuity contracts with guaranteed living benefits. See Note 15 for additional information regarding this transaction. As a result of this transaction, a ceded MRB asset balance was established to fair value the reinsurance reimbursements to the Company. The establishment of the fair value also required an estimate of NPR for AuguStar, which may differ from the Company’s; however, the NPR spreads for AuguStar were developed using a methodology similar to that of the Company.
(11)The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contracts that will utilize the benefit during the contract duration, and begin lifetime withdrawals at various time intervals from contract inception. The remaining contractholders are assumed to either begin lifetime withdrawals immediately or never utilize the benefit. Utilization assumptions may vary by product type, tax status and age. The impact of changes in these assumptions is highly dependent on the product type, the age of the contractholder at the time of the sale, and the timing of the first lifetime income withdrawal. Range reflects the utilization rate for the vast majority of business with living benefits.
(12)The withdrawal rate assumption estimates the magnitude of annual contractholder withdrawals relative to the maximum allowable amount under the contract. These assumptions vary based on the age of the contractholder, the tax status of the contract and the duration since the contractholder began lifetime withdrawals. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the minimum withdrawal rate assumption is 81% and 77%, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the maximum withdrawal rate assumption may be greater than 100%. The fair value of the liability will generally increase the closer the withdrawal rate is to 100% and decrease as the withdrawal rate moves further away from 100%.
(13)The range reflects the mortality rates for the vast majority of business with living benefits and other contracts, with policyholders ranging from 50 to 90 years old. While the majority of living benefits have a minimum age requirement, certain other contracts do not have an age restriction. This results in contractholders with mortality rates approaching 0% for certain benefits. Mortality rates may vary by product, age and duration. A mortality improvement assumption is also incorporated into the overall mortality table.
(14)Option budget estimates the expected long-term cost of options used to hedge exposures associated with equity price and interest rate changes. The level of option budget determines future costs of the options, which impacts the growth in account value and the valuation of embedded derivatives.
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation The following tables describe changes in fair values of Level 3 assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods (excluding MRBs disclosed in Note 14). When a determination is made to classify assets and liabilities within Level 3, the determination is based on significance of the unobservable inputs in the overall fair value measurement. All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs, including the availability of pricing service information that the Company can validate. Transfers into Level 3 are generally the result of unobservable inputs utilized within valuation methodologies and the use of indicative broker quotes for assets that were previously valued using observable inputs. Transfers out of Level 3 are generally due to the use of observable inputs in valuation methodologies as well as the availability of pricing service information for certain assets that the Company can validate.
December 31, 2023(7)(8)
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of period
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. states$$$$$$$$$$$
Foreign government
Corporate securities(3)3,858 26 1,864 (211)(988)26 418 (187)4,806 19 
Structured securities(4)1,289 (47)587 (6)(38)(81)113 (520)1,297 (56)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading304 11 129 (39)(23)88 17 (58)429 
Equity securities627 26 45 (75)(36)(41)(37)512 12 
Other invested assets539 (38)361 (16)846 (38)
Short-term investments18 49 (43)29 
Cash equivalents
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables141 (40)146 (23)224 (63)
Other assets11 11 
Separate account assets(5)1,081 55 450 (368)(68)50 (106)1,094 42 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(6)(3,492)(2,601)(1,664)(7,752)(322)
Other liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(787)(778)
 
December 31, 2023(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(25)$$$(5)$$(7)$$$(30)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities(1)27 12 
Other invested assets(4)(34)(4)(34)
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables(40)(63)
Other assets
Separate account assets(5)55 42 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(2,601)(322)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
December 31, 2022(7)(8)
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of period
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. states$$(1)$$$$$$$$$(1)
Foreign government10 (1)(1)(1)
Corporate securities(3)5,316 (532)1,574 (219)20 (874)85 125 (1,637)3,858 (544)
Structured securities(4)1,986 (330)705 (23)(363)(9)(684)1,289 (337)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading421 (16)45 (48)(81)(3)(15)304 (17)
Equity securities799 (18)52 (244)(7)(27)73 (1)627 (39)
Other invested assets493 12 98 (52)(11)(1)539 12 
Short-term investments330 (5)28 (340)(1)18 (6)
Cash equivalents70 (1)(73)(3)(2)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables72 44 51 (4)(22)141 48 
Other assets(9)
(18)67 12 (8)(42)11 
Separate account assets(5)1,283 (215)254 (192)(67)94 (76)1,081 (211)
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(6)(1,436)(66)(1,078)(912)(3,492)67 
Other liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
December 31, 2022(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(89)$$$(783)$$(101)$$$(782)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading(16)(17)
Equity securities(18)(39)
Other invested assets(12)24 (12)24 
Short-term investments(5)(6)
Cash equivalents(1)(2)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables44 48 
Other assets(9)
67 
Separate account assets(5)(215)(211)
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(66)67 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
 
December 31, 2021(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$45 $$$(163)$$(43)$$$(153)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(6)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading36 34 
Equity securities117 145 
Other invested assets32 34 
Short-term investments(1)
Cash equivalents(1)(1)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables72 71 
Other assets(9)
(55)39 
Separate account assets(5)326 199 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(1,174)(10)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
__________
(1)“Other” includes additional activity not allocated to the specific categories within the rollforward of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities.
(2)Unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the end of the period do not include amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts.
(3)Includes U.S. corporate public, U.S. corporate private, foreign corporate public and foreign corporate private securities.
(4)Includes asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities.
(5)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(6)Issuances and settlements for Policyholders’ account balances are presented net in the rollforward.
(7)Effective January 1, 2021, Future policy benefits and Reinsurance recoverables previously included in “Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities” are now reported as Market Risk Benefits. See Note 14 for additional information.
(8)Excludes MRB assets of $1,981 million and $800 million and MRB liabilities of $5,467 million and $5,864 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 14 for additional information.
(9)Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation The following tables describe changes in fair values of Level 3 assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods (excluding MRBs disclosed in Note 14). When a determination is made to classify assets and liabilities within Level 3, the determination is based on significance of the unobservable inputs in the overall fair value measurement. All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs, including the availability of pricing service information that the Company can validate. Transfers into Level 3 are generally the result of unobservable inputs utilized within valuation methodologies and the use of indicative broker quotes for assets that were previously valued using observable inputs. Transfers out of Level 3 are generally due to the use of observable inputs in valuation methodologies as well as the availability of pricing service information for certain assets that the Company can validate.
December 31, 2023(7)(8)
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of period
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. states$$$$$$$$$$$
Foreign government
Corporate securities(3)3,858 26 1,864 (211)(988)26 418 (187)4,806 19 
Structured securities(4)1,289 (47)587 (6)(38)(81)113 (520)1,297 (56)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading304 11 129 (39)(23)88 17 (58)429 
Equity securities627 26 45 (75)(36)(41)(37)512 12 
Other invested assets539 (38)361 (16)846 (38)
Short-term investments18 49 (43)29 
Cash equivalents
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables141 (40)146 (23)224 (63)
Other assets11 11 
Separate account assets(5)1,081 55 450 (368)(68)50 (106)1,094 42 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(6)(3,492)(2,601)(1,664)(7,752)(322)
Other liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(787)(778)
 
December 31, 2023(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(25)$$$(5)$$(7)$$$(30)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities(1)27 12 
Other invested assets(4)(34)(4)(34)
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables(40)(63)
Other assets
Separate account assets(5)55 42 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(2,601)(322)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
December 31, 2022(7)(8)
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of period
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. states$$(1)$$$$$$$$$(1)
Foreign government10 (1)(1)(1)
Corporate securities(3)5,316 (532)1,574 (219)20 (874)85 125 (1,637)3,858 (544)
Structured securities(4)1,986 (330)705 (23)(363)(9)(684)1,289 (337)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading421 (16)45 (48)(81)(3)(15)304 (17)
Equity securities799 (18)52 (244)(7)(27)73 (1)627 (39)
Other invested assets493 12 98 (52)(11)(1)539 12 
Short-term investments330 (5)28 (340)(1)18 (6)
Cash equivalents70 (1)(73)(3)(2)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables72 44 51 (4)(22)141 48 
Other assets(9)
(18)67 12 (8)(42)11 
Separate account assets(5)1,283 (215)254 (192)(67)94 (76)1,081 (211)
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(6)(1,436)(66)(1,078)(912)(3,492)67 
Other liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
December 31, 2022(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(89)$$$(783)$$(101)$$$(782)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading(16)(17)
Equity securities(18)(39)
Other invested assets(12)24 (12)24 
Short-term investments(5)(6)
Cash equivalents(1)(2)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables44 48 
Other assets(9)
67 
Separate account assets(5)(215)(211)
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(66)67 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
 
 
December 31, 2021(7)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income
(loss)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances
Included in other comprehensive income (losses)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$45 $$$(163)$$(43)$$$(153)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(6)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading36 34 
Equity securities117 145 
Other invested assets32 34 
Short-term investments(1)
Cash equivalents(1)(1)
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables72 71 
Other assets(9)
(55)39 
Separate account assets(5)326 199 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances(1,174)(10)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
__________
(1)“Other” includes additional activity not allocated to the specific categories within the rollforward of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities.
(2)Unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the end of the period do not include amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts.
(3)Includes U.S. corporate public, U.S. corporate private, foreign corporate public and foreign corporate private securities.
(4)Includes asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities.
(5)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(6)Issuances and settlements for Policyholders’ account balances are presented net in the rollforward.
(7)Effective January 1, 2021, Future policy benefits and Reinsurance recoverables previously included in “Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities” are now reported as Market Risk Benefits. See Note 14 for additional information.
(8)Excludes MRB assets of $1,981 million and $800 million and MRB liabilities of $5,467 million and $5,864 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 14 for additional information.
(9)Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Derivatives
The following tables present the balances of certain derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated, by the primary underlying risks they are used to manage. These tables include NPR and exclude embedded derivatives. The derivative assets and liabilities shown below are included in “Other invested assets” or “Other liabilities” in the tables contained within the sections “—Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level” and “—Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities,” above.
 
 As of December 31, 2023
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
 (in millions)
Derivative Assets:
Interest Rate$$8,990 $$$8,998 
Currency1,008 1,008 
Credit64 64 
Currency/Interest Rate2,454 2,454 
Equity19 1,718 1,737 
Other
Netting(1)(13,158)(13,158)
Total derivative assets$26 $14,234 $$(13,158)$1,103 
Derivative Liabilities:
Interest Rate$26 $22,960 $$$22,987 
Currency1,149 1,149 
Credit00
Currency/Interest Rate840 840 
Equity10 2,168 2,178 
Other
Netting(1)(22,973)(22,973)
Total derivative liabilities$36 $27,117 $$(22,973)$4,181 
 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
 (in millions)
Derivative Assets:
Interest Rate$13 $9,408 $$$9,422 
Currency1,711 1,711 
Credit27 27 
Currency/Interest Rate4,282 4,282 
Equity814 815 
Other
Netting(1)(14,802)(14,802)
Total derivative assets$14 $16,242 $$(14,802)$1,455 
Derivative Liabilities:
Interest Rate$24 $21,806 $$$21,831 
Currency2,186 2,186 
Credit57 57 
Currency/Interest Rate503 503 
Equity1,774 1,776 
Other
Netting(1)(23,298)(23,298)
Total derivative liabilities$26 $26,326 $$(23,298)$3,055 
__________
(1)“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral and the impact of offsetting asset and liability positions held with the same counterparty, subject to master netting agreements.
Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Derivatives The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3 (2)
Transfers out of Level 3 (2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held (1)
(in millions)
Net Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest Rate
 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3 (2)
Transfers out of Level 3 (2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held (1)
(in millions)
Net Derivative - Equity$$$$(2)$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest Rate(1)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3 (2)
Transfers out of Level 3 (2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held (1)
(in millions)
Net Derivative - Equity$$$$$$(1)$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest Rate
__________
(1)Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) as well as unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held at the end of the period are recorded in “Realized investment gains (losses), net.”
(2)Transfers into or out of Level 3 are generally reported at the value as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfers occur for any such positions still held at the end of the quarter.
Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring The following tables represent information for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement is nonrecurring as these assets are measured at fair value only when there is a triggering event (e.g., an evidence of impairment). Assets included in the table are those that were impaired during the respective reporting periods and that are still held as of the reporting date. The estimated fair values for these amounts were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Gains (Losses):
Commercial mortgage loans(1)$(29)$$
Mortgage servicing rights(2)
$$(1)$
Investment real estate$(17)$(12)$(15)
Investment in JV/LP and Other
$(76)$(129)$
Goodwill(4)
$(177)$(903)$(1,060)

Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Carrying value after measurement as of period end:
Commercial mortgage loans(1)
$34 $
Mortgage servicing rights(2)
$$77 
Investment real estate(3)
$113 $112 
Investment in JV/LP and Other(3)
$186 $64 
Goodwill(4)
$$177 
__________
(1)Commercial mortgage loans are valued based on discounted cash flows utilizing market rates or the fair value of the underlying real estate collateral.
(2)Mortgage servicing rights are valued using a discounted cash flow model. The model incorporates assumptions for servicing revenues, which are adjusted for expected prepayments, delinquency rates, escrow deposit income and estimated loan servicing expenses. The discount rates incorporated into the model are determined based on the estimated returns a market participant would require for this business including a liquidity and risk premium. This estimate includes available relevant data from any active market sales of mortgage servicing rights.
(3)Reported carrying values for 2023 include values as of the measurement periods of June 30, 2023 for “Investment real estate” and June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023 for “Investment in JV/LP.” Reported carrying values for 2022 include values as of the measurement periods of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 for “Investment real estate” and June 30, 2022 for “Investment in JV/LP.”
(4)The Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge for Assurance IQ in 2023, 2022, and 2021. The fair value was determined using weighting of an income approach based on discounted cash flow valuation techniques and a market approach based on forward market multiples of comparable publicly traded companies. The valuation in each year included unobservable inputs such as forecasted cash flows, discount rate applied, expected synergies and business growth rate assumptions under the income approach and forward market multiples of comparable peer companies and an implied control premium under the market approach. The inputs and assumptions applied are consistent with how a market participant would value Assurance IQ and the related goodwill. See Note 10 for additional information.
Fair Value, Option
The following tables present information regarding assets and liabilities where the fair value option has been elected:

 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Liabilities:
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Changes in fair value$(9)$$
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Interest income$$23 $15 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Interest expense$11 $$
 
 Year Ended December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage and other loans(1):
Fair value as of period end$519 $137 
Aggregate contractual principal as of period end$512 $136 
Other assets:
Fair value as of period end$11 $11 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Fair value as of period end$778 $
Aggregate contractual principal as of period end$787 $
__________ 
(1)As of December 31, 2023, for loans for which the fair value option has been elected, none of the loans were 90 days or more past due.
Fair Value Disclosure Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The tables below present the carrying amount and fair value by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. The financial instruments presented below are reported at carrying value on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In some cases, as described below, the carrying amount equals or approximates fair value.
 
 December 31, 2023
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(1)
 Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
 (in millions)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity$$$$$
Commercial mortgage and other loans41 55,611 55,652 58,786 
Policy loans10,039 10,047 10,047 
Other invested assets97 97 97 
Short-term investments1,092 13 1,105 1,105 
Cash and cash equivalents8,709 408 9,117 9,117 
Accrued investment income3,287 3,287 3,287 
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables
5,171 5,176 5,176 
Other assets43 3,059 3,102 3,102 
Total assets$9,852 $6,910 $70,821 $87,583 $90,717 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$31,089 $37,794 $68,883 $72,604 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase6,056 6,056 6,056 
Cash collateral for loaned securities6,477 6,477 6,477 
Reinsurance and funds withheld payables(3)
9,553 (23)9,530 9,530 
Short-term debt(4)
535 83 618 618 
Long-term debt(5)
564 16,938 766 18,268 18,882 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs596 596 596 
Other liabilities6,950 32 6,982 6,982 
Separate account liabilities—investment contracts24,050 21,315 45,365 45,365 
Total liabilities$564 $101,648 $60,563 $162,775 $167,110 
 December 31, 2022
 Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(1)
 Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
 (in millions)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(2)$$1,455 $$1,455 $1,296 
Commercial mortgage and other loans46 52,296 52,342 56,608 
Policy loans10,041 10,046 10,046 
Other invested assets102 102 102 
Short-term investments715 89 804 804 
Cash and cash equivalents9,388 389 9,777 9,777 
Accrued investment income3,012 3,012 3,012 
Reinsurance recoverables and deposit receivables
754 761 761 
Other assets(6)
48 2,922 2,970 2,970 
Total assets$10,156 $8,022 $63,091 $81,269 $85,376 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$31,665 $34,937 $66,602 $70,722 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase6,589 6,589 6,589 
Cash collateral for loaned securities6,100 6,100 6,100 
Reinsurance and funds withheld payables
720 (22)698 698 
Short-term debt(4)
613 164 777 775 
Long-term debt(5)
550 17,324 790 18,664 19,908 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs374 374 374 
Other liabilities(6)
7,250 33 7,283 7,283 
Separate account liabilities—investment contracts27,735 25,270 53,005 53,005 
Total liabilities$550 $97,996 $61,546 $160,092 $165,454 
__________
(1)Carrying values presented herein differ from those in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position because certain items within the respective financial statement captions are not considered financial instruments or out of scope under authoritative guidance relating to disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments.
(2)Excludes notes with fair value of $4,250 million (carrying amount of $4,250 million) as of December 31, 2022, which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(3)Includes contracts reinsured through coinsurance with funds withheld agreement with Prismic Re with a fair value of $8,036 million (carrying amount of $8,036 million), a portion of which relates to insurance contracts as of December 31, 2023. See Note 15 for additional information regarding the reinsurance arrangement with Prismic Re.
(4)Excludes debt with fair value of $2,000 million (carrying amount of $2,000 million) and $500 million (carrying amount of $500 million) as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which have been offset with the associated notes under a netting agreement.
(5)Excludes debt with fair value of $10,370 million (carrying amount of $10,370 million) and $11,790 million (carrying amount of $11,790 million) as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which have been offset with the associated notes under a netting agreement.
(6)Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.