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Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
IFRS Text Block [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets | Note 13. Intangible Assets
|  | Rights to Produce |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and Distribute |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other Indefinite |  | Total |  | Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |
|  | Coca-Cola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Lived |  | Unamortized |  | Costs and |  | Systems in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amortized |  | Total
|  | Trademark Products |  | Goodwill |  | Trademark Rights |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets |  | Management Systems |  | Development |  | Alcohol Licenses |  | Other |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets
Cost as of January 1,2018 |  | Ps. | 91,902 |  | Ps. | 43,449 |  | Ps. | 7,185 |  | Ps. | 2,257 |  | Ps. | 144,793 |  | Ps. | 7,103 |  | Ps. | 1,291 |  | Ps. | 1,637 |  | Ps. | 3,843 |  | Ps. | 13,874 |  | Ps. | 158,667
Additions |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 1,051 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 1,647 |  |  | 1,793
Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4) |  |  | 4,602 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,614 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 5,997
Changes in fair value of past acquisitions |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272
Internal development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41
Transfer of completed development systems |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 904 |  |  | (904) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (146) |  |  | (189) |  |  | (191)
Philippines disposal |  |  | (3,882) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,882) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (596) |  |  | (596) |  |  | (4,478)
Effect of movements in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
exchange rates |  |  | (5,005) |  |  | (4,108) |  |  | (656) |  |  | (349) |  |  | (10,118) |  |  | (343) |  |  | (38) |  |  | — |  |  | (311) |  |  | (692) |  |  | (10,810)
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 57
Cost as of December 31, 2018 |  | Ps. | 87,617 |  | Ps. | 40,530 |  | Ps. | 6,699 |  | Ps. | 1,977 |  | Ps. | 136,823 |  | Ps. | 8,707 |  | Ps. | 777 |  | Ps. | 1,768 |  | Ps. | 3,273 |  | Ps. | 14,525 |  | Ps. | 151,348
|  | Rights to Produce |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and Distribute |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  | Total |  | Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Total
|  | Coca-Cola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Indefinite Lived |  | Unamortized |  | Costs and |  | Systems in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amortized |  | Intangible
|  | Trademark Products |  | Goodwill |  | Trademark Rights |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets |  | Management Systems |  | Development |  | Alcohol Licenses |  | Other |  | Intangible Assets |  | Assets
Cost as of January 1,2019 |  | Ps. | 87,617 |  | Ps. | 40,530 |  | Ps. | 6,699 |  | Ps. | 1,977 |  | Ps. | 136,823 |  | Ps. | 8,707 |  | Ps. | 777 |  | Ps. | 1,768 |  | Ps. | 3,273 |  | Ps. | 14,525 |  | Ps. | 151,348
Additions |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 685 |  |  | 2,034 |  |  | 2,198
Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4) |  |  | — |  |  | 6,542 |  |  | 469 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,011 |  |  | 759 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 7,782
Changes in fair value of past acquisitions |  |  | (2,887) |  |  | 2,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |  |  | 169 |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (185) |  |  | (191) |  |  | (22)
Transfer of completed development systems |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 412 |  |  | (413) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | —
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | (580) |  |  | — |  |  | (130) |  |  | — |  |  | (710) |  |  | (758)
Effect of movements in exchange rates |  |  | (3,475) |  |  | (2,069) |  |  | (520) |  |  | (134) |  |  | (6,198) |  |  | (553) |  |  | (23) |  |  | — |  |  | (337) |  |  | (913) |  |  | (7,111)
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6)
Cost as of December 31, 2019 |  | Ps. | 81,255 |  | Ps. | 47,906 |  | Ps. | 6,600 |  | Ps. | 2,160 |  | Ps. | 137,921 |  | Ps. | 9,563 |  | Ps. | 675 |  | Ps. | 1,829 |  | Ps. | 3,443 |  | Ps. | 15,510 |  | Ps. | 153,431
|  | Rights to Produce |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and Distribute |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other Indefinite |  | Total |  | Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Total
|  | Coca-Cola |  |  |  |  | Trademark |  | Lived |  | Unamortized |  | Costs and |  | Systems in |  | Alcohol |  |  |  |  | Amortized |  | Intangible
|  | Trademark Products |  | Goodwill |  | Rights |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets |  | Management Systems |  | Development |  | Licenses |  | Other (1) |  | Intangible Assets |  | Assets
Cost as of January 1,2020 |  | Ps. | 81,255 |  |  | 47,906 |  | Ps. | 6,600 |  | Ps. | 2,160 |  | Ps. | 137,921 |  | Ps. | 9,563 |  | Ps. | 675 |  | Ps. | 1,829 |  | Ps. | 3,443 |  | Ps. | 15,510 |  | Ps. | 153,431
Additions |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | 1,483
Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4) |  |  | — |  |  | 12,080 |  |  | 2,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,181 |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,597 |  |  | 8,623 |  |  | 22,804
Changes in the fair value of past acquisitions |  |  | — |  |  | (1,323) |  |  | 347 |  |  | (361) |  |  | (1,337) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | (69)
Transfer of completed development systems |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | (399) |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | —
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | (183) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (305) |  |  | (604) |  |  | (164) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (373) |  |  | (586) |  |  | (1,190)
Specialty's disposal |  |  | — |  |  | (1,194) |  |  | (215) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (1,420) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (1,426)
Effect of movements in exchange rates |  |  | (4,607) |  |  | (4,466) |  |  | (70) |  |  | (59) |  |  | (9,202) |  |  | 276 |  |  | (40) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,614) |  |  | (1,378) |  |  | (10,580)
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 38
Cost as of December 31, 2020 |  | Ps. | 76,649 |  | Ps. | 52,820 |  | Ps. | 8,647 |  | Ps. | 1,424 |  | Ps. | 139,540 |  | Ps. | 10,869 |  | Ps. | 432 |  | Ps. | 1,897 |  | Ps. | 11,754 |  | Ps. | 24,952 |  | Ps. | 164,492
| (1) |  | Includes customer relationships related to the acquisition through the controlling interest in NW Synergy Holdings LLC disclosed in Note 4.
|  | Rights to Produce |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and Distribute |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other Indefinite |  | Total |  | Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Total
|  | Coca-Cola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Lived |  | Unamortized |  | Costs and |  | Systems in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amortized |  | Intangible
Amortization and Impairment Losses |  | Trademark Products |  | Goodwill |  | Trademark Rights |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets |  | Management Systems |  | Development |  | Alcohol Licenses |  | Other |  | Intangible Assets |  | Assets
Amortization as of January 1,2018 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (3,262) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (457) |  | Ps. | (855) |  | Ps. | (4,574) |  | Ps. | (4,574)
Amortization expense |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,453) |  |  | — |  |  | (87) |  |  | (373) |  |  | (1,913) |  |  | (1,913)
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 191
Philippines disposal |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 375 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 375
Effect of movements in exchange rates |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 236 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 235 |  |  | 235
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (52)
Amortization as of December 31, 2018 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (4,437) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (544) |  | Ps. | (757) |  | Ps. | (5,738) |  | Ps. | (5,738)
Amortization as of January 1,2019 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (4,437) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (544) |  | Ps. | (757) |  | Ps. | (5,738) |  | Ps. | (5,738)
Amortization expense |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,351) |  |  | — |  |  | (123) |  |  | (337) |  |  | (1,811) |  |  | (1,811)
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 445 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 475 |  |  | 475
Philippines disposal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effect of movements in exchange rates |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 233
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (28) |  |  | (28)
Amortization as of December 31, 2019 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (5,207) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (637) |  | Ps. | (1,025) |  | Ps. | (6,869) |  | Ps. | (6,869)
Amortization as of January 1,2020 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (5,207) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (637) |  | Ps. | (1,025) |  | Ps. | (6,869) |  | Ps. | (6,869)
Amortization expense |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,536) |  |  | — |  |  | (97) |  |  | (832) |  |  | (2,465) |  |  | (2,465)
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 179
Effect of movements in exchange rates |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 193
Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | (29)
Amortization as of December 31, 2020 |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (6,501) |  | Ps. | — |  | Ps. | (734) |  | Ps. | (1,756) |  | Ps. | (8,991) |  | Ps. | (8,991)
|  | Rights to Produce |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and Distribute |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other Indefinite |  | Total |  | Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | Total
|  | Coca-Cola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Lived |  | Unamortized |  | Costs and |  | Systems in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Intangible
Carrying Amount |  | Trademark Products |  | Goodwill |  | Trademark Rights |  | Intangible Assets |  | Intangible Assets |  | Management Systems |  | Development |  | Alcohol Licenses |  | Other |  | Intangible Assets |  |  | Assets
As of December 31, 2018 |  | Ps. | 87,617 |  | Ps. | 40,530 |  | Ps. | 6,699 |  | Ps. | 1,977 |  | Ps. | 136,823 |  | Ps. | 4,270 |  | Ps. | 777 |  | Ps. | 1,224 |  | Ps. | 2,516 |  | Ps. | 8,787 |  | Ps. | 145,610
As of December 31, 2019 |  | Ps. | 81,255 |  | Ps. | 47,906 |  | Ps. | 6,600 |  | Ps. | 2,160 |  | Ps. | 137,921 |  | Ps. | 4,356 |  | Ps. | 675 |  | Ps. | 1,192 |  | Ps. | 2,418 |  | Ps. | 8,641 |  | Ps. | 146,562
As of December 31, 2020 |  | Ps. | 76,649 |  | Ps. | 52,820 |  | Ps. | 8,647 |  | Ps. | 1,424 |  | Ps. | 139,540 |  | Ps. | 4,368 |  | Ps. | 432 |  | Ps. | 1,163 |  | Ps. | 9,998 |  | Ps. | 15,961 |  | Ps. | 155,501
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any capitalization of borrowing costs. For the years ended 2020, 2019 and 2018, allocation for amortization expense is as follows:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of goods sold |  | Ps. | 288 |  | Ps. | 317 |  | Ps. | 399
Administrative expenses |  |  | 1,412 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 858
Selling expenses |  |  | 765 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 656
|  | Ps. | 2,465 |  | Ps. | 1,812 |  | Ps. | 1,913
The average remaining period for the Company’s intangible assets that are subject to amortization is as follows:
|  | Years
Technology Costs and Management Systems |  | 3 - 10
Alcohol Licenses |  | 10 - 12
Coca-Cola FEMSA Impairment Tests for Cash-Generating Units Containing Goodwill and Distribution Rights For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill and distribution rights are allocated and monitored on an individual country basis, which is considered to be a CGU. The aggregate carrying amounts of goodwill and distribution rights allocated to each CGU are as follows:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Mexico |  | Ps. | 56,352 |  | Ps. | 56,352
Guatemala |  |  | 1,755 |  |  | 1,679
Nicaragua |  |  | 433 |  |  | 420
Costa Rica |  |  | 1,425 |  |  | 1,442
Panama |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | 1,131
Colombia |  |  | 4,414 |  |  | 4,367
Brazil |  |  | 31,741 |  |  | 38,765
Argentina |  |  | 312 |  |  | 306
Uruguay |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | 2,626
Total |  | Ps. | 100,082 |  | Ps. | 107,088
Goodwill and distribution rights are tested for impairments annually. The recoverable amounts are based on value in use calculations. The value in use of a CGU is determined based on the discounted cash flows method generated from the continuing use of the CGU. The foregoing forecasts reflect the outcomes that Coca-Cola FEMSA consider most likely to occur based on the current situation of each of the CGUs including the macroeconomic situation in each CGU including the potential continue impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic which has heightened the inherent uncertainty in such estimations, the foregoing forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time. The value in use of a CGU is determined based on the discounted cash flows method. The key assumptions used to calculate value in use are: volume, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) used to discount the projected cash flows. To determine the discount rate, Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash generating units in real terms and as described in following paragraphs. The estimated discount rates to perform the impairment test for each CGU consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of Coca-Cola FEMSA. The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated into the projected cash flow. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of Coca-Cola FEMSA and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by the Company’s investors. The cost of debt is estimated based on the interest-bearing borrowings Coca-Cola FEMSA is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor in the market would consider. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data. Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period. The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:
| · |  | Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan. Cash flows for a further five-year were forecasted maintaining the same stable growth and margins per country of the last year base. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that this forecasted period is justified due to the non-current nature of the business and past experiences.
| · |  | Cash flows after the first ten-year period were extrapolated using a perpetual growth rate equal to the expected annual population growth, in order to calculate the terminal recoverable amount.
| · |  | A WACC per each CGU was applied as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.
The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected Annual Long- |  | Expected Volume |
|  |  |  |  |  | Term Inflation |  | Growth Rates |
CGU |  | Pre-tax WACC |  | Post-tax WACC |  | 2021‑2030 |  | 2021‑2030 |
Mexico |  | 7.4 | % | 5.3 | % | 3.9 | % | 2.0 | %
Colombia |  | 11.0 | % | 7.3 | % | 2.8 | % | 4.1 | %
Costa Rica |  | 15.3 | % | 10.8 | % | 2.7 | % | 4.3 | %
Guatemala |  | 10.6 | % | 8.3 | % | 3.1 | % | 6.8 | %
Nicaragua |  | 20.6 | % | 13.9 | % | 3.7 | % | 7.1 | %
Panama |  | 8.8 | % | 6.8 | % | 1.5 | % | 7.9 | %
Argentina |  | 26.3 | % | 20.4 | % | 30.1 | % | 3.9 | %
Brazil |  | 9.1 | % | 6.0 | % | 3.0 | % | 2.4 | %
Uruguay |  | 9.9 | % | 7.1 | % | 7.8 | % | 2.0 | %
The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected Annual Long- |  | Expected Volume |
|  |  |  |  |  | Term Inflation |  | Growth Rates |
CGU |  | Pre-tax WACC |  | Post-tax WACC |  | 2020‑2029 |  | 2020‑2029 |
Mexico |  | 7.3 | % | 5.2 | % | 3.5 | % | 0.7 | %
Colombia |  | 8.9 | % | 6.2 | % | 3.1 | % | 4.0 | %
Costa Rica |  | 13.8 | % | 9.7 | % | 2.2 | % | 2.1 | %
Guatemala |  | 9.1 | % | 7.1 | % | 4.0 | % | 8.5 | %
Nicaragua |  | 21.1 | % | 12.4 | % | 4.4 | % | 3.0 | %
Panama |  | 8.5 | % | 6.6 | % | 2.0 | % | 5.4 | %
Argentina |  | 21.6 | % | 14.8 | % | 39.2 | % | 3.7 | %
Brazil |  | 9.3 | % | 5.6 | % | 3.6 | % | 2.0 | %
Uruguay |  | 9.4 | % | 6.8 | % | 7.4 | % | 2.0 | %
The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). Coca-Cola FEMSA consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACC’s to perform its annual impairment testing. Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions At December 31, 2020, Coca-Cola FEMSA performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an adverse change in post-tax WACC, according to the country risk premium, using for each country the relative standard deviation between equity and sovereign bonds and an additional sensitivity to the volume of 100 basis points and concluded that no impairment would be recorded.
|  |  |  | Change in Volume |  |
CGU |  | Change in WACC |  | Growth CAGR (1) |  | Effect on Valuation
Mexico |  | +0.4 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 4.8x
Colombia |  | +0.4 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 1 x
Costa Rica |  | +1.1 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 2.1x
Guatemala |  | +0.6 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 29.7x
Nicaragua |  | +1.7 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 1.1x
Panama |  | +0.3 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 6.9x
Argentina |  | +3.0 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 6.7x
Brazil |  | +0.6 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 1.8x
Uruguay |  | +0.4 | % | ‑1.0 | % | Passes by 2 x
| (1) |  | Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).
FEMSA Comercio – Proximity Division, FEMSA Comercio – Health Division and FEMSA Comercio – Fuel Division Impairment Test for Cash-Generating Units Containing Goodwill For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated and monitored on an individual country basis by operating segment. The Company has integrated its cash generating units as follows: (i) FEMSA Comercio – Proximity Division is integrated as Mexico, and (ii) FEMSA Comercio – Health Division are integrated as Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador for each of them and (iii) FEMSA Comercio – Fuel Division includes only Mexico. As of December 31, 2020 in FEMSA Comercio – Health Division there is a significant carrying amount of goodwill allocated in Chile and Colombia as a cash generating unit (South America) with a total carrying amount of Ps. 6,681. The recoverable amounts are based on value in use. The value in use of CGUs is determined based on the method of discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used in projecting cash flows are: sales, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used to discount the projected cash flows. The cash flow forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time; however, the Company prepares its estimates based on the current situation of each of the CGUs or group of CGUs. To determine the discount rate, the Company uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash generating units or group of the cash generating units in real terms and as described in following paragraphs. The estimated discount rates to perform the IAS 36 “Impairment of assets,” impairment test for each CGU or group of CGUs consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of FEMSA Comercio –Health Division. The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU or group of CGUs, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated in the cash flow estimates. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of the Company and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and cost of equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by Company’s investors. The cost of debt is based on the interest-bearing borrowings the Company is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor would assess in the market. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data. Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period. The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:
| · |  | Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan. The Company believes that this forecasted period is justified due to the non-current nature of the business and past experiences.
| · |  | Cash flows projected based on actual operating results and five-year business plan were calculated using a perpetual growth rate equal to the expected annual population growth, in order to calculate the terminal recoverable amount.
| · |  | A per CGU-specific WACC was applied by FEMSA Comercio – Health Division as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.
The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected Annual |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Long-Term Inflation |  | Expected Volume Growth |
CGU |  | Pre-tax WACC |  | Post-tax WACC |  | 2021‑2030 |  | Rates 2021‑2030 |
South America |  | 8.3 | % | 5.8 | % | 2.8 | % | 0.2 | %
(FEMSA Comercio – Health Division) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected Annual |  | Expected Volume |
|  |  |  | Post-tax |  | Long-Term Inflation |  | Growth Rates |
CGU |  | Pre-tax WACC |  | WACC |  | 2020‑2029 |  | 2020‑2029 |
South America |  | 9.4 | % | 6.6 | % | 3.0 | % | 0.3 | %
(FEMSA Comercio – Health Division) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). The Company consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACC’s to perform its annual impairment testing. Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions At December 31, 2020, the Company performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an adverse change in post-tax WACC, according to the country risk premium, using for each country the relative standard deviation between equity and sovereign bonds and a sensitivity analysis of sales that would be affected considering a contraction in economic conditions as a result of lower purchasing power of customers, which based on management estimation considered to be reasonably possible an effect of 100 basis points in the sale’s compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”), concluding that no impairment would be recognized.
|  |  |  | Change in Sales |  |
CGU |  | Change in WACC |  | Growth CAGR (1) |  | Effect on Valuation
FEMSA Comercio – Health Division (South America) |  | +0.2 | % | ‑0.5 | % | Passes by 1.34x
| (1) |  | Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).
Other Businesses Impairment Test for Cash-Generating Units Containing Goodwill and trademark rights. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill and trademark rights are allocated and monitored on an individual country basis, which is considered to be a CGU. The Company has integrated its cash generating units as a specialized distribution platform for cleaning products and consumables, located in United States. As of December 31, 2020 in specialized distribution there is a significant carrying amount of goodwill and trademark rights as a cash generating unit with a total carrying amount of Ps. 10,169. Goodwill and trademark rights are tested for impairments annually. The recoverable amounts are based on value in use. The value in use of CGUs is determined based on the method of discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used in projecting cash flows are: sales, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used to discount the projected cash flows. The cash flow forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time; however, the Company prepares its estimates based on the current situation of each of the CGUs or group of CGUs. To determine the discount rate, the Company uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash generating units or group of the cash generating units in real terms and as described in following paragraphs. The estimated discount rates to perform the IAS 36 “Impairment of assets,” impairment test for each CGU or group of CGUs consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of specialized distribution. The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU or group of CGUs, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated in the cash flow estimates. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of the Company and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and cost of equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by the Company’s investors. The cost of debt is based on the interest-bearing borrowings the Company is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor would assess in the market. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data. Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period. The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:
| · |  | Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan. The Company believes that this forecasted period is justified due to the non-current nature of the business and past experiences.
| · |  | Cash flows projected based on actual operating results and five-year business plan were calculated using a perpetual growth rate equal to the expected annual population growth, in order to calculate the terminal recoverable amount.
| · |  | A per CGU-specific WACC was applied by specialized distribution as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.
The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected Annual |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Long-Term Inflation |  | Expected Volume Growth |
CGU |  | Pre-tax WACC |  | Post-tax WACC |  | 2021‑2025 |  | Rates 2021‑2025 |
United States |  | 8.2 | % | 6.0 | % | 2.0 | % | 1.7 | %
(Specialized Distribution) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). The Company consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACC’s to perform its annual impairment testing. Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions At December 31, 2020, the Company performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an adverse change in post-tax WACC, according to the country risk premium, using for each country the relative standard deviation between equity and sovereign bonds and a sensitivity analysis of sales that would be affected considering a contraction in economic conditions as a result of lower purchasing power of customers, which based on management estimation considered to be reasonably possible an effect of 100 basis points in the sale’s compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”), concluding that no impairment would be recognized.
|  |  |  | Change in Sales |  |
CGU |  |  |  | Growth CAGR (1) |  | Effect on Valuation
United States (Specialized Distribution) |  |  |  | ‑0.5 | % | Passes by 1.25x
| (1) |  | Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).

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