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Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
IFRS Text Block [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets

Note 13. Intangible Assets

    

Rights to Produce 

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

and Distribute 

Other Indefinite 

Total 

Technology 

Total

Coca-Cola 

Lived 

Unamortized 

Costs and 

Customer

 Amortized

Total 

Trademark Products

Goodwill

Trademark Rights

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Management Systems

Relationships

Alcohol Licenses

Other 

 Intangible Assets

 Intangible Assets

Cost as of January 1,2019

Ps.

87,617

Ps.

40,530

Ps.

6,694

Ps.

1,441

Ps.

136,282

Ps.

8,362

Ps.

2,125

Ps.

1,768

Ps.

2,433

Ps.

14,688

Ps.

150,970

Additions

 

 

 

 

208

 

208

 

823

 

191

 

975

 

1,989

 

2,197

Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4)

 

 

6,542

 

469

 

 

7,011

 

759

 

 

12

 

771

 

7,782

Changes in fair value of past acquisitions

 

(2,887)

 

2,903

 

 

153

 

169

 

(6)

 

 

(185)

 

(191)

 

(22)

Transfer of completed development systems

 

 

 

 

 

 

412

 

 

(412)

 

 

Disposals

 

 

 

(48)

 

 

(48)

 

(232)

 

(130)

 

 

(362)

 

(410)

Effect of movements in exchange rates

(3,475)

 

(2,068)

 

(515)

 

(100)

 

(6,158)

 

(552)

(113)

 

 

(286)

 

(951)

 

(7,109)

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(6)

 

(6)

 

(6)

Cost as of December 31, 2019

 

Ps.

81,255

 

Ps.

47,907

 

Ps.

6,600

 

Ps.

1,702

 

Ps.

137,464

 

Ps.

9,566

Ps.

2,012

 

Ps.

1,829

 

Ps.

2,531

 

Ps.

15,938

 

Ps.

153,402

    

Rights to Produce

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

 and Distribute

Other 

Total

Technology 

Total

Total 

Coca-Cola 

Indefinite Lived

 Unamortized

Costs and 

Customer

 Amortized

Intangible

Trademark Products

Goodwill

Trademark Rights

 Intangible Assets

 Intangible Assets

Management Systems

Relationships (1)

Alcohol Licenses

Other 

 Intangible Assets

Assets

Cost as of January 1,2020

Ps.

81,255

 

Ps.

47,907

 

Ps.

6,600

 

Ps.

1,702

Ps.

137,464

Ps.

9,566

Ps.

2,012

 

Ps.

1,829

 

Ps.

2,531

Ps.

15,938

Ps.

153,402

Additions

 

1

 

 

 

 

1

 

771

 

111

 

604

 

1,486

 

1,487

Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4)

 

 

12,080

 

2,101

 

 

14,181

 

26

8,596

 

 

1

 

8,623

 

22,804

Changes in fair value of past acquisitions

 

 

(1,086)

 

285

 

 

(801)

 

745

 

 

22

 

767

 

(34)

Transfer of completed development systems

 

 

 

 

 

 

398

 

 

(398)

 

 

Disposals

 

 

(183)

 

(116)

 

(311)

 

(610)

 

(164)

 

(43)

 

(378)

 

(585)

 

(1,195)

Specialty's disposal

(1,194)

(215)

(11)

(1,420)

(5)

(5)

(1,425)

Effect of movements in exchange rates

 

(4,607)

 

(4,704)

 

(8)

 

(4)

 

(9,323)

 

276

(1,503)

 

 

(65)

 

(1,292)

 

(10,615)

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

 

 

 

38

 

38

 

38

Cost as of December 31, 2020

 

Ps.

76,649

 

Ps.

52,820

 

Ps.

8,647

 

Ps.

1,376

 

Ps.

139,492

 

Ps.

10,873

Ps.

9,850

 

Ps.

1,897

 

Ps.

2,350

 

Ps.

24,970

 

Ps.

164,462

(1)Includes customer relationships related to the acquisition through the controlling interest in NW Synergy Holdings LLC disclosed in Note 4

    

Rights to Produce 

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

and Distribute

Other Indefinite

Total

Technology 

Total

Total 

Coca-Cola 

Trademark 

Lived 

Unamortized 

Costs and

Customer

Alcohol 

 Amortized

Intangible

Trademark Products

Goodwill

Rights

Intangible Assets

 Intangible Assets

 Management Systems

Relationships (1)

Licenses

Other 

 Intangible Assets

Assets

Cost as of January 1,2021

Ps.

76,649

52,820

Ps.

8,647

Ps.

1,376

Ps.

139,492

Ps.

10,873

Ps.

9,850

Ps.

1,897

Ps.

2,350

Ps.

24,970

Ps.

164,462

Additions

 

2

 

 

 

127

 

129

 

1,140

 

145

 

1,103

 

2,388

 

2,517

Acquisitions from business combinations (see Note 4)

 

 

7,940

 

65

 

 

8,005

 

873

 

 

1

 

874

 

8,879

Transfer of completed development systems

 

 

 

 

 

 

262

 

 

(262)

 

 

Disposals

 

 

(12)

 

 

(10)

 

(22)

 

(973)

 

(36)

 

(102)

 

(1,111)

 

(1,133)

Effect of movements in exchange rates

 

(1,255)

 

(2,303)

 

(584)

 

(80)

 

(4,222)

 

(641)

77

 

 

(682)

 

(1,246)

 

(5,468)

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

62

62

62

Impairment

(1,094)

(55)

(1,149)

(1,149)

Cost as of December 31, 2021

 

Ps.

75,396

 

Ps.

57,351

 

Ps.

8,073

 

Ps.

1,413

 

Ps.

142,233

 

Ps.

10,661

Ps.

10,800

 

Ps.

2,006

 

Ps.

2,470

 

Ps.

25,937

 

Ps.

168,170

(1)Includes customer relationships related to the acquisitions through Envoy Solutions disclosed in Note 4.

    

Rights to Produce

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

 and Distribute 

Other Indefinite

Total

Technology 

Total

Total 

Coca-Cola 

 Lived

 Unamortized

Costs and 

Customer

 Amortized 

Intangible

Amortization and Impairment Losses

Trademark Products

 Goodwill

Trademark Rights

 Intangible Assets

 Intangible Assets

Management Systems

Relationships

Alcohol Licenses

Other 

Intangible Assets

Assets

Amortization as of January 1,2019

Ps.

Ps.

Ps.

Ps.

Ps.

Ps.

(4,064)

Ps.

(306)

Ps.

(544)

Ps.

(451)

Ps.

(5,365)

Ps.

(5,365)

Amortization expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,338)

 

(112)

(123)

 

(239)

 

(1,812)

 

(1,812)

Disposals

 

 

 

97

30

127

 

127

Effect of movements in exchange rates

 

 

 

 

 

 

160

 

25

 

53

 

238

 

238

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

(29)

1

(28)

(28)

Amortization as of December 31, 2019

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

(5,174)

 

Ps.

(393)

Ps.

(637)

 

Ps.

(636)

 

Ps.

(6,840)

 

Ps.

(6,840)

Amortization as of January 1,2020

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

(5,174)

 

Ps.

(393)

Ps.

(637)

 

Ps.

(636)

 

Ps.

(6,840)

 

Ps.

(6,840)

Amortization expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,537)

 

(467)

(99)

 

(362)

 

(2,465)

 

(2,465)

Disposals

 

 

 

 

 

 

129

 

 

48

 

177

 

177

Effect of movements in exchange rates

 

 

 

 

 

 

142

 

32

 

21

 

195

 

195

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

(29)

1

(28)

(28)

Amortization as of December 31, 2020

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

(6,469)

 

Ps.

(827)

Ps.

(736)

 

Ps.

(929)

 

Ps.

(8,961)

 

Ps.

(8,961)

Amortization as of January 1,2021

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

(6,469)

 

Ps.

(827)

Ps.

(736)

 

Ps.

(929)

 

Ps.

(8,961)

 

Ps.

(8,961)

Amortization expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,473)

 

(791)

(102)

 

(328)

 

(2,694)

 

(2,694)

Disposals

 

 

 

 

 

 

789

 

 

101

 

890

 

890

Effect of movements in exchange rates

 

 

 

 

 

 

792

 

10

 

(15)

 

787

 

787

Changes in value on the recognition of inflation effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

(53)

 

 

(1)

 

(54)

 

(54)

Amortization as of December 31, 2021

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

Ps.

 

Ps.

 

Ps.

(6,414)

 

Ps.

(1,608)

Ps.

(838)

 

Ps.

(1,172)

 

Ps.

(10,032)

 

Ps.

(10,032)

    

Rights to Produce

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

 and Distribute 

Other Indefinite

Total

Technology 

Total

Total 

Coca-Cola 

 Lived

 Unamortized

Costs and 

Customer

 Amortized 

Intangible

Carrying Amount

Trademark Products

Goodwill

Trademark Rights

 Intangible Assets

 Intangible Assets

Management Systems

Relationships

Alcohol Licenses

Other 

Intangible Assets

Assets

As of December 31, 2019

Ps.

81,255

Ps.

47,907

Ps.

6,600

Ps.

1,702

Ps.

137,464

Ps.

4,392

Ps.

1,619

Ps.

1,192

Ps.

1,895

Ps.

9,098

Ps.

146,562

As of December 31, 2020

 

Ps.

76,649

 

Ps.

52,820

 

Ps.

8,647

 

Ps.

1,376

 

Ps.

139,492

 

Ps.

4,404

 

Ps.

9,023

Ps.

1,161

 

Ps.

1,421

 

Ps.

16,009

 

Ps.

155,501

As of December 31, 2021

 

Ps.

75,396

 

Ps.

57,351

 

Ps.

8,073

 

Ps.

1,413

 

Ps.

142,233

 

Ps.

4,247

 

Ps.

9,192

Ps.

1,168

 

Ps.

1,298

 

Ps.

15,905

 

Ps.

158,138

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize any capitalization of borrowing costs.

For the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, allocation for amortization expense is as follows:

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

 

Cost of goods sold

 

Ps.

254

 

Ps.

288

 

Ps.

317

Administrative expenses

 

1,630

 

1,412

 

953

Selling expenses

 

810

 

765

 

542

 

Ps.

2,694

 

Ps.

2,465

 

Ps.

1,812

The average remaining period for the Company’s intangible assets that are subject to amortization is as follows:

    

 

Years

Technology Costs and Management Systems

 

2 - 10

Customer Relationships

10 - 25

Alcohol Licenses

 

12 - 12

Coca-Cola FEMSA Impairment Tests for cash-generating Units Containing Goodwill and Distribution Rights

For impairment testing, goodwill and distribution rights are allocated and monitored on an individual country basis, which is considered to be a CGU.

The aggregate carrying amounts of goodwill and distribution rights allocated to each CGU are as follows:

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

Mexico

Ps.

56,352

 

Ps.

56,352

Guatemala

 

1,735

 

1,755

Nicaragua

 

438

 

433

Costa Rica

 

1,407

 

1,425

Panama

 

1,238

 

1,200

Colombia

 

3,798

 

4,414

Brazil

 

30,608

 

31,741

Argentina

 

395

 

312

Uruguay

 

2,332

 

2,450

Total

Ps.

98,303

 

Ps.

100,082

Goodwill and distribution rights are tested for impairments annually or when impairment indicator exists throughout the year. The recoverable amounts are based on value in use calculations. The value in the use of a CGU is determined based on the discounted cash flows method generated from the continuing use of the CGU.

The foregoing forecasts reflect the outcomes that Coca-Cola FEMSA consider most likely to occur based on the current situation of each of the CGUs including the macroeconomic situation in each CGU including the potential continued impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic which has heightened the inherent uncertainty in such estimations, the foregoing forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time.

The value in use of CGUs is determined based on the method of discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used to calculate value in use are: volume, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used to discount the projected cash flows.

To determine the discount rate, Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash-generating units in real terms and as described in following paragraphs.

The estimated discount rates to perform the impairment test for each CGU consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of Coca-Cola FEMSA.

The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated into the projected cash flow. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of Coca-Cola FEMSA and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by the Company’s investors. The cost of debt is estimated based on the interest-bearing borrowings Coca-Cola FEMSA is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor in the market would consider. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data.

Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period.

The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:

Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan.
A WACC per each CGU was applied as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:

    

    

    

Expected Annual Long-

    

Expected Volume

 

Term Inflation

Growth Rates

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

Post-tax WACC

20222031

20222031

 

Mexico

 

6.8

%  

4.9

%  

3.7

%  

2.8

%

Colombia

 

8.7

%  

5.8

%  

3.0

%  

8.4

%

Costa Rica

 

13.5

%  

9.2

%  

3.1

%  

6.5

%

Guatemala

 

7.9

%  

6.1

%  

4.2

%  

10.7

%

Nicaragua

 

18.3

%  

10.6

%  

4.3

%  

6.4

%

Panama

 

8.5

%  

6.5

%  

2.2

%  

7.0

%

Argentina

 

19.7

%  

14.5

%  

35.9

%  

5.4

%

Brazil

 

9.1

%  

5.8

%  

3.3

%  

7.7

%

Uruguay

 

8.5

%  

6.1

%  

5.0

%  

4.0

%

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

    

    

    

Expected Annual Long-

    

Expected Volume

 

Term Inflation

Growth Rates

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

Post-tax WACC

2021‑2030

2021‑2030

 

Mexico

 

7.4

%  

5.3

%  

3.9

%  

2.0

%

Colombia

 

11.0

%  

7.3

%  

2.8

%  

4.1

%

Costa Rica

 

15.3

%  

10.8

%  

2.7

%  

4.3

%

Guatemala

 

10.6

%  

8.3

%  

3.1

%  

6.8

%

Nicaragua

 

20.6

%  

13.9

%  

3.7

%  

7.1

%

Panama

 

8.8

%  

6.8

%  

1.5

%  

7.9

%

Argentina

 

26.3

%  

20.4

%  

30.1

%  

3.9

%

Brazil

9.1

%  

6.0

%  

3.0

%  

2.4

%  

Uruguay

 

9.9

%  

7.1

%  

7.8

%  

2.0

%

The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). Coca-Cola FEMSA consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACCs to perform its annual impairment testing.

Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions

On December 31, 2021, Coca-Cola FEMSA performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an adverse change in post-tax WACC, according to the country risk premium, using for each country the relative standard deviation between equity and sovereign bonds and an additional sensitivity to the volume of 100 basis points and concluded that no impairment would be recorded.

    

    

    

Change in Volume

    

    

CGU

Change in WACC

Growth CAGR (1)

Effect on Valuation

Mexico

 

0.2

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 6.8x

Colombia

 

0.2

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 4.2x

Costa Rica

 

0.4

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 3.1x

Guatemala

 

0.2

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 54.5x

Nicaragua

 

0.5

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 1.0x

Panama

 

0.1

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 8.2x

Argentina

 

0.8

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 10.0x

Brazil

 

0.2

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 2.7x

Uruguay

 

0.1

%  

1.0

%  

Passes by 4.4x

(1)Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).

FEMSA Comercio Proximity Division, FEMSA Comercio Health Division and FEMSA Comercio Fuel Division Impairment Test for cash-generating Units Containing Goodwill

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated and monitored on an individual country basis by operating segment. The Company has integrated its cash-generating units as follows: (i) FEMSA Comercio Proximity Division is integrated as Mexico, and (ii) FEMSA Comercio Health Division are integrated as Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador for each of them and (iii) FEMSA Comercio Fuel Division includes only Mexico.

As of December 31, 2021 in FEMSA Comercio Health Division there is a significant carrying amount of goodwill allocated in Chile and Colombia as a cash generating unit (South America) with a total carrying amount of Ps. 7,785.

The recoverable amounts are based on the value in use. The value in use of CGUs is determined based on the method of discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used in projecting cash flows are: sales, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used to discount the projected cash flows. The cash flow forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time; however, the Company prepares its estimates based on the current situation of each of the CGUs or group of CGUs.

To determine the discount rate, the Company uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash generating units or group of the cash-generating units in real terms and as described in the following paragraphs.

The estimated discount rates to perform the IAS 36 “Impairment of assets,” impairment test for each CGU or group of CGUs consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of FEMSA Comercio Health Division.

The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU or group of CGUs, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated in the cash flow estimates. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of the Company and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and cost of equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by Company’s investors. The cost of debt is based on the interest-bearing borrowings the Company is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor would assess in the market. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data.

Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period.

The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:

Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan. The Company believes that this forecasted period is justified due to the non-current nature of the business and past experiences.
Cash flows projected based on actual operating results and five-year business plan were calculated using a perpetual growth rate equal to the expected annual population growth, to calculate the terminal recoverable amount.
A per CGU-specific WACC was applied by FEMSA Comercio Health Division as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Expected Annual

    

    

    

Long-Term Inflation 

    

Expected Volume Growth

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

Post-tax WACC

20222031

Rates 20222031

 

South America

 

7.3

%  

5.3

%  

3.4

%  

0.3

%

(FEMSA Comercio – Health Division)

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

    

    

    

Expected Annual

    

Expected Volume

 

Post-tax

Long-Term Inflation

 Growth Rates

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

WACC

2021‑2030

2021‑2030

 

South America

 

8.3

%  

5.8

%  

2.8

%  

0.2

%

(FEMSA Comercio – Health Division)

The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). The Company consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACCs to perform its annual impairment testing.

Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions

On December 31, 2021, the Company performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an adverse change in post-tax WACC, according to the country risk premium, using for each country the relative standard deviation between equity and sovereign bonds and a sensitivity analysis of sales that would be affected considering a contraction in economic conditions as a result of lower purchasing power of customers, which based on management estimation considered to be reasonably possible an effect of 50 basis points in the sale’s compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”), concluding that no impairment would be recognized.

    

    

    

Change in Sales

    

    

CGU

Change in WACC

Growth CAGR (1)

Effect on Valuation

FEMSA Comercio – Health Division (South America)

 

+0.1

%  

(0.5)

%  

Passes by 1.60x

(1)Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).

Envoy Solutions Impairment Test for Cash-Generating Units Containing Goodwill and trademark rights.

For impairment testing, goodwill and trademark rights are allocated and monitored on an individual country basis, which is considered to be a CGU. The Company has integrated its cash-generating units as a specialized distribution platform for cleaning products and consumables, located in the United States.

As of December 31, 2021 in specialized distribution there is a significant carrying amount of final allocated goodwill and trademark rights as a cash-generating unit with a total carrying amount of Ps. 9,662. Goodwill and trademark rights are tested for impairments annually.

The recoverable amounts are based on the value in use. The value in use of CGUs is determined based on the method of discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used in projecting cash flows are: sales, expected annual long-term inflation, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used to discount the projected cash flows. The cash flow forecasts could differ from the results obtained over time; however, the Company prepares its estimates based on the current situation of each of the CGUs or group of CGUs.

To determine the discount rate, the Company uses the WACC as determined for each of the cash generating units or group of the cash generating units in real terms and as described in following paragraphs.

The estimated discount rates to perform the IAS 36 “Impairment of assets,” impairment test for each CGU or group of CGUs consider market participants’ assumptions. Market participants were selected taking into consideration the size, operations and characteristics of the businesses that are similar to those of specialized distribution.

The discount rates represent the current market assessment of the risks specific to each CGU or group of CGUs, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated in the cash flow estimates. The discount rate calculation is based on the opportunity cost to a market participant, considering the specific circumstances of the Company and its operating segments and is derived from its WACC. The WACC takes into account both debt and cost of equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by the Company’s investors. The cost of debt is based on the interest-bearing borrowings the Company is obliged to service, which is equivalent to the cost of debt based on the conditions that a creditor would assess in the market. Segment-specific risk is incorporated by applying beta factors which are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data.

Market participant assumptions are important because, not only do they include industry data for growth rates, management also assesses how the CGU’s position, relative to its competitors, might change over the forecasted period.

The key assumptions used for the value-in-use calculations are as follows:

Cash flows were projected based on actual operating results and the five-year business plan. The Company believes that this forecasted period is justified due to the non-current nature of the business and past experiences.
Cash flows projected based on actual operating results and five-year business plan were calculated using a perpetual growth rate equal to the expected annual population growth, to calculate the terminal recoverable amount.
A per CGU-specific WACC was applied by specialized distribution as a hurdle rate to discount cash flows to get the recoverable amount of the units; the calculation assumes size premium adjustments.

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Expected Annual

    

    

    

Long-Term Inflation 

    

Expected Volume Growth

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

Post-tax WACC

20222026

Rates 20222026

 

United States

 

5.7

%  

4.9

%  

2.4

%  

2.0

%

(Specialized Distribution)

The key assumptions by CGU for impairment test as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

Expected Annual

Expected Volume 

    

    

    

Long-Term Inflation 

    

Growth Rates

 

CGU

Pre-tax WACC

Post-tax WACC

2021‑2025

2021‑2025

 

United States

 

8.2

%  

6.0

%  

2.0

%  

1.7

%

(Specialized Distribution)

The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the industry and are based on both external sources and internal sources (historical data). The Company consistently applied its methodology to determine CGU specific WACC’s to perform its annual impairment testing.

Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions

On December 31, 2021, the Company performed an additional impairment sensitivity calculation, taking into account an effect of 50 basis points in the sale’s compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”), concluding that no impairment would be recognized.

    

Change in Sales

    

    

    

    

CGU

Growth CAGR (1)

Effect on Valuation

United States (Specialized Distribution)

 

(0.5)

%  

Passes by 1.13x

(1)Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”).