<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2021-08-04T18:00:57.4297219+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.648 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 0e4f3cfed3b04852bc60762e8738d5e7 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2021 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="trgp_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" name="IncreaseDecreaseInAccountPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PaymentsOfDividendsToNoncontrollingInterests" name="PaymentsOfDividendsToNoncontrollingInterests" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PaymentsOfOrdinaryDividendsCommonAndPreferredShareholders" name="PaymentsOfOrdinaryDividendsCommonAndPreferredShareholders" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DebtObligationsAbstract" name="DebtObligationsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_OrganizationAbstract" name="OrganizationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAndIntangibleAssetsAbstract" name="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAndIntangibleAssetsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAndIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" name="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAndIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_ScheduleOfRangeOfInterestRatesAndWeightedAverageInterestRateIncurredOnVariableRateDebtObligationsTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfRangeOfInterestRatesAndWeightedAverageInterestRateIncurredOnVariableRateDebtObligationsTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_ProFormaImpactOfDerivativesNetInConsolidatedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" name="ProFormaImpactOfDerivativesNetInConsolidatedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_BasisOfPresentationLineItems" name="BasisOfPresentationLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_BasisOfPresentationTable" name="BasisOfPresentationTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member" name="AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetsMember" name="FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_WeightedAverageDiscountRatePercentage" name="WeightedAverageDiscountRatePercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TargaPipelinePartnersLPMember" name="TargaPipelinePartnersLPMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TRCSeniorSecuredRevolvingCreditFacilityDue2023Member" name="TRCSeniorSecuredRevolvingCreditFacilityDue2023Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PartnershipSSeniorSecuredCreditFacilityMember" name="PartnershipSSeniorSecuredCreditFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueNovember2023Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueNovember2023Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2025Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2025Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueApril2026Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueApril2026Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2027Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2027Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJuly2027Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJuly2027Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2028Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2028Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2029Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2029Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueMarch2030Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueMarch2030Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2031Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2031Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2032Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueJanuary2032Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2023Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2023Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TrcSeniorSecuredRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" name="TrcSeniorSecuredRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TargaResourcesPartnersLpMember" name="TargaResourcesPartnersLpMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_AccountsReceivableSecuritizationFacilityMember" name="AccountsReceivableSecuritizationFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_AccountsReceivableSecuritizationFacilityDueApril2022Member" name="AccountsReceivableSecuritizationFacilityDueApril2022Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueNovember2021Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueNovember2021Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SecuritizationFacilityMember" name="SecuritizationFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TRCRevolverMember" name="TRCRevolverMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TRPRevolverMember" name="TRPRevolverMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DebtInstrumentPremiumPaidOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" name="DebtInstrumentPremiumPaidOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2032Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDueFebruary2032Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_SeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2021Member" name="SeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2021Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_LongTermDebtObligationMember" name="LongTermDebtObligationMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_InterestOnDebtObligationsMember" name="InterestOnDebtObligationsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_ChannelviewSplitterMember" name="ChannelviewSplitterMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PreferredStockDividendsPayableCurrent" name="PreferredStockDividendsPayableCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DistributionToParent" name="DistributionToParent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_HoldersOfLimitedPartnerInterestsMember" name="HoldersOfLimitedPartnerInterestsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TargaResourcesGPLLCMember" name="TargaResourcesGPLLCMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_EarningsPerCommonShareLineItems" name="EarningsPerCommonShareLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_EarningsPerCommonShareTable" name="EarningsPerCommonShareTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PreferredStockRedemptionPremiumPercentage" name="PreferredStockRedemptionPremiumPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PreferredStockRedemptionPremiumPercentageThereafter" name="PreferredStockRedemptionPremiumPercentageThereafter" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PreferredStockLiquidationPreferenceDate" name="PreferredStockLiquidationPreferenceDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeNonmonetaryNotionalAmountVolumeAdjustments" name="DerivativeNonmonetaryNotionalAmountVolumeAdjustments" type="num:volumeItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_YearOneMember" name="YearOneMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_YearTwoMember" name="YearTwoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_YearThreeMember" name="YearThreeMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_YearFourMember" name="YearFourMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_YearFiveMember" name="YearFiveMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_CondensateMember" name="CondensateMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeAssetBeforeEffectsOfMasterNettingArrangements" name="DerivativeAssetBeforeEffectsOfMasterNettingArrangements" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeLiabilityBeforeEffectsOfMasterNettingArrangements" name="DerivativeLiabilityBeforeEffectsOfMasterNettingArrangements" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_CounterpartiesWithOffsettingPositionsOrCollateralMember" name="CounterpartiesWithOffsettingPositionsOrCollateralMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_CounterpartiesWithoutOffsettingPositionMember" name="CounterpartiesWithoutOffsettingPositionMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeCollateralObligationRightToReturnReclaimSecurities" name="DerivativeCollateralObligationRightToReturnReclaimSecurities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PriceRiskCashFlowHedgeGainLossExpectedToReclassifyIntoEarnings" name="PriceRiskCashFlowHedgeGainLossExpectedToReclassifyIntoEarnings" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeFairValueOfAssetLiabilityNetIfCommodityPriceIncreasesBy10Percent" name="DerivativeFairValueOfAssetLiabilityNetIfCommodityPriceIncreasesBy10Percent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_DerivativeFairValueOfAssetLiabilityNetIfCommodityPriceDecreasesBy10Percent" name="DerivativeFairValueOfAssetLiabilityNetIfCommodityPriceDecreasesBy10Percent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_FinancialInstrumentsRecordedOnOurConsolidatedBalanceSheetsAtFairValueAbstract" name="FinancialInstrumentsRecordedOnOurConsolidatedBalanceSheetsAtFairValueAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_FinancialInstrumentsRecordedOnOurConsolidatedBalanceSheetsAtCarryingValueAbstract" name="FinancialInstrumentsRecordedOnOurConsolidatedBalanceSheetsAtCarryingValueAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PartnershipsSecuritizationFacilityMember" name="PartnershipsSecuritizationFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_NumberOfDerivativeContractsCategorizedAsLevel3" name="NumberOfDerivativeContractsCategorizedAsLevel3" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_ImpactOfCapitalExpenditureAccrualsOnPlantAndEquipment" name="ImpactOfCapitalExpenditureAccrualsOnPlantAndEquipment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_TransfersFromMaterialsAndSuppliesToPropertyPlantAndEquipment" name="TransfersFromMaterialsAndSuppliesToPropertyPlantAndEquipment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_ChangesInAccruedDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterests" name="ChangesInAccruedDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterests" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_NonCashInvestingActivitiesAbstract" name="NonCashInvestingActivitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_NonCashFinancingActivitiesAbstract" name="NonCashFinancingActivitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_GatheringAndProcessingMember" name="GatheringAndProcessingMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_LogisticsAndTransportationMember" name="LogisticsAndTransportationMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_CorporateNonSegmentAndInterSegmentEliminationMember" name="CorporateNonSegmentAndInterSegmentEliminationMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_PetroleumProductsMember" name="PetroleumProductsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_GatheringAndProcessingFeesMember" name="GatheringAndProcessingFeesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_MidstreamServicesOtherMember" name="MidstreamServicesOtherMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_NGLTransportationFractionationAndServicesMember" name="NGLTransportationFractionationAndServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="trgp_StorageTerminalingAndExportMember" name="StorageTerminalingAndExportMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
