REVENUE REVENUE (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE

The following table presents the company’s total revenue and segment revenue disaggregated by geographical region:



	Year Ended October 31, 2019
	Life Sciences and Applied Markets		Diagnostics and Genomics		Agilent CrossLab		Total
	(in millions)
Revenue by Region
Americas	$	692	$	505	$	664	$	1,861
Europe	551		368		522		1,441
Asia Pacific	1,059		148		654		1,861
Total	$	2,302	$	1,021	$	1,840	$	5,163

The following table presents the company’s total revenue disaggregated by end markets and by revenue type:



		Year Ended October 31, 2019
	(in millions)
Revenue by End Markets
Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical		$	1,604
Chemical and Energy		1,199
Diagnostics and Clinical		785
Food		486
Academia and Government		474
Environmental and Forensics		615
Total		$	5,163

Revenue by Type
Instrumentation		$	2,150
Non-instrumentation and other		3,013
Total		$	5,163

Revenue by region is based on the ship to location of the customer. Revenue by end market is determined by the market indicator of the customer and by customer type. Instrumentation revenue includes sales from instruments, remarketed instruments and third-party products. Non-instrumentation and other revenue includes sales from contract and per incident services, our companion diagnostics and our nucleic acid solutions businesses as well as sales from spare parts, consumables, reagents, vacuum pumps, subscriptions, software licenses and associated services.

Contract Balances

Contract Assets

Contract assets (unbilled accounts receivable) primarily relate to the company's right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. The unbilled receivables are reclassified to trade receivables when billed to customers. Contract assets are generally classified as current assets and are included in "Accounts receivable, net" in the consolidated balance sheet.

The balance of contract assets as of October 31, 2019 and as of November 1, 2018, the date of adoption of ASC 606, were $110 million and $57 million, respectively. The increase in unbilled receivables during the year ended October 31, 2019 is a result of recognition of revenue upon the transfer of the control to the customer. In some instances, transfer of control is prior to invoicing the customers and excluding amounts transferred to trade receivables during the period amounted to $53 million.

Contract Liabilities

The following table provides information about contract liabilities (deferred revenue) and the significant changes in the balances during the year ended October 31, 2019:



	Contract Liabilities
	(in millions)

Ending balance as of October 31, 2018	$	367
Impact of adoption of new revenue recognition guidance	(11		)
Net revenue deferred in the period	303
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period	(287		)
Change in deferrals from customer cash advances, net of revenue recognized	5
Contract liabilities acquired in business combinations	9
Currency translation and other adjustments	—
Ending balance as of October 31, 2019	$	386

Contract liabilities primarily relate to multiple element arrangements for which billing has occurred but transfer of control of all elements to the customer has either partially or not occurred at the balance sheet date. This includes cash received from customers for products and related installation and services in advance of the transfer of control. Contract liabilities are classified as either current in deferred revenue or long-term in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet based on the timing of when we expect to complete our performance obligation.

Contract Costs

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. The change in total capitalized costs to obtain a contract was immaterial during the year ended October 31, 2019 and are included in other current and long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheet. We have applied the practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include the company's internal sales force compensation program, as we have determined that annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

We have applied the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 and have not disclosed information about transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

The estimated revenue expected to be recognized for remaining performance obligations that have an original term of more than one year, as of October 31, 2019, was $207 million, the majority of which is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months. Remaining performance obligations primarily include extended warranty, customer manufacturing contracts, and software maintenance contracts and revenue associated with lease arrangements.