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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant and equipment as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following:
 October 31,
 20202019
 (in millions)
Land$58 $57 
Buildings and leasehold improvements1,055 1,012 
Machinery and equipment579 546 
Software182 160 
Total property, plant and equipment1,874 1,775 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(1,029)(925)
Property, plant and equipment, net$845 $850 

In 2020 we recorded $6 million in asset impairments related to the shutdown of our sequencer development program. There were no asset impairments in 2019 and less than $1 million in asset impairments in 2018. Depreciation expenses were $119 million in 2020, $111 million in 2019 and $102 million in 2018. In 2020 and 2019 we retired approximately $29 million and $23 million, respectively, of fully depreciated assets that were no longer in use.