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REVENUE (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contract with Customer REVENUE
The following table presents the company’s total revenue and segment revenue disaggregated by geographical region:
Three Months Ended April 30,
20222021
Life Sciences and Applied MarketsAgilent CrossLab
Diagnostics and Genomics
TotalLife Sciences and Applied MarketsAgilent CrossLab
Diagnostics and Genomics
Total
(in millions)
Revenue by Region
Americas$321 $137 $201 $659 $296 $122 $163 $581 
Europe216 97 110 423 214 95 106 415 
Asia Pacific359 119 47 525 371 112 46 529 
Total$896 $353 $358 $1,607 $881 $329 $315 $1,525 
Six Months Ended April 30,
20222021
Life Sciences and Applied MarketsAgilent CrossLab
Diagnostics and Genomics
TotalLife Sciences and Applied MarketsAgilent CrossLab
Diagnostics and Genomics
Total
(in millions)
Revenue by Region
Americas$638 $269 $389 $1,296 $575 $246 $315 $1,136 
Europe468 195 211 874 459 187 206 852 
Asia Pacific766 248 97 1,111 770 227 88 1,085 
Total$1,872 $712 $697 $3,281 $1,804 $660 $609 $3,073 
The following table presents the company’s total revenue disaggregated by end markets and by revenue type:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
April 30,April 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Revenue by End Markets
Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical$589 $531 $1,191 $1,052 
Chemical and Energy335 314 708 642 
Diagnostics and Clinical241 233 484 449 
Food137 144 295 306 
Academia and Government146 143 287 285 
Environmental and Forensics159 160 316 339 
Total$1,607 $1,525 $3,281 $3,073 
Revenue by Type
Instrumentation$646 $632 $1,337 $1,313 
Non-instrumentation and other961 893 1,944 1,760 
Total$1,607 $1,525 $3,281 $3,073 

Revenue by region is based on the ship to location of the customer. Revenue by end market is determined by the market indicator of the customer and by customer type. Instrumentation revenue includes sales from instruments, remarketed instruments and third-party products. Non-instrumentation and other revenue include sales from contract and per incident services, our companion diagnostics and our nucleic acid solutions businesses as well as sales from spare parts, consumables, reagents, vacuum pumps, subscriptions, software licenses and associated services.

Contract Balances

Contract Assets

Contract assets (unbilled accounts receivable) primarily relate to the company's right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. The unbilled receivables are reclassified to trade receivables when billed to customers. Contract assets are generally classified as current assets and are included in "Accounts receivable, net" in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The balances of contract assets as of April 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021 were $247 million and $197 million, respectively.

Contract Liabilities

The following table provides information about contract liabilities (deferred revenue) and the significant changes in the balances during the six months ended April 30, 2022:
Contract
Liabilities
(in millions)
Ending balance as of October 31, 2021$519 
Net revenue deferred in the period332 
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period(283)
Change in deferrals from customer cash advances, net of revenue recognized48 
Currency translation and other adjustments(19)
Ending balance as of April 30, 2022$597 

During the six months ended April 30, 2021 revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at October 31, 2020 was $267 million.
Contract liabilities primarily relate to multiple element arrangements for which billing has occurred but transfer of control of all elements to the customer has either partially or not occurred at the balance sheet date. This includes cash received from customers for products and related installation and services in advance of the transfer of control. Contract liabilities are classified as either current in deferred revenue or long-term in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet based on the timing of when we expect to complete our performance obligation.

Contract Costs

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. The change in total capitalized costs to obtain a contract was immaterial during the three and six months ended April 30, 2022 and was included in other current and long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. We have applied the practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include the company's internal sales force compensation program, as we have determined that annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

We have applied the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 and have not disclosed information about transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.
The estimated revenue expected to be recognized for remaining performance obligations that have an original term of more than one year, as of April 30, 2022, was $359 million, the majority of which is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months. Remaining performance obligations primarily include extended warranty, customer manufacturing contracts, software maintenance contracts and revenue associated with lease arrangements.