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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
The authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market and assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1- applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2- applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for the asset or liability such as: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in less active markets; or other inputs that can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3- applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 30, 2025 were as follows:
 
  Fair Value Measurement at April 30, 2025 Using
 April 30,
2025
Quoted Prices
 in Active
 Markets for
 Identical Assets
 (Level 1)
Significant
 Other
 Observable
 Inputs
 (Level 2)
Significant
 Unobservable
 Inputs
 (Level 3)
 (in millions)
Assets:    
Short-term    
Cash equivalents (money market funds)$832 $832 $— $— 
Derivative instruments (foreign exchange contracts)18 — 18 — 
Long-term
Trading securities40 40 — — 
Other investments33 — 33 — 
Total assets measured at fair value$923 $872 $51 $— 
Liabilities:    
Short-term
Derivative instruments (foreign exchange contracts) $24 $— $24 $— 
Long-term
Deferred compensation liability40 — 40 — 
Total liabilities measured at fair value$64 $— $64 $— 

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of October 31, 2024 were as follows:
 
  Fair Value Measurement at October 31, 2024 Using
 October 31,
2024
Quoted Prices
 in Active
 Markets for
 Identical Assets
 (Level 1)
Significant
 Other
 Observable
 Inputs
 (Level 2)
Significant
 Unobservable
 Inputs
 (Level 3)
 (in millions)
Assets:    
Short-term    
Cash equivalents (money market funds)$800 $800 $— $— 
Derivative instruments (foreign exchange contracts)14 — 14 — 
Long-term
Trading securities43 43 — — 
Other investments31 — 31 — 
Total assets measured at fair value$888 $843 $45 $— 
Liabilities:    
Short-term
Derivative instruments (foreign exchange contracts)$12 $— $12 $— 
Long-term
Deferred compensation liability43 — 43 — 
Total liabilities measured at fair value$55 $— $55 $— 
 
Our money market funds and trading securities are generally valued using quoted market prices and therefore are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Our derivative financial instruments are classified within level 2, as there is not an active market for each hedge contract, but the inputs used to calculate the value of the instruments are tied to active markets. Our deferred compensation liability is classified as level 2 because, although the values are not directly based on quoted market prices, the inputs used in the calculations are observable.
Other investments represent shares we own in a special fund that targets underlying investments of approximately 40 percent in debt securities and 60 percent in equity securities. These shares have been classified as level 2 because, although the shares of the fund are not traded on any active stock exchange, each of the individual underlying securities are or can be derived from similar securities traded on an active market and hence we have a readily determinable value for the underlying securities, from which we are able to determine the fair market value for the special fund itself.

Trading securities, which are comprised of mutual funds, bonds and other similar instruments, other investments and deferred compensation liability are reported at fair value, with gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized currently in net income. Certain derivative instruments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses from the sale of these instruments are recorded in net income.

Gains and losses reflected in other income (expense), net for our equity investments with readily determinable fair value ("RDFV") and equity investments without RDFV are summarized below:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
April 30,April 30,
2025202420252024
(in millions)
Net gain (loss) recognized during the period on equity securities$(28)$1 $(27)$4 
Less: Net gain (loss) on equity securities sold during the period$— $— $— $— 
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities $(28)$1 $(27)$4 

Impairment of Investments. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2025, we recorded impairments of investments of $15 million. There were no impairments of investments for the three and six months ended April 30, 2024.
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

For the three months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no impairments of long-lived assets held and used. For the six months ended April 30, 2025, there were no impairments of long-lived assets held and used. For the six months ended April 30, 2024, long-lived assets held and used with a carrying value of $8 million were written down to their fair value of zero resulting in an impairment charge of $8 million.

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no impairments of long-lived assets held for sale.

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

For the three months ended April 30, 2025, the unrealized gain (loss) on our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values was comprised of no upward adjustments, $26 million of downward adjustments and $15 million of impairments which were included in net income as adjustments to the carrying value.

For the six months ended April 30, 2025, the unrealized gain (loss) on our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values was comprised of no upward adjustments, $27 million of downward adjustments and $15 million of impairments, which were included in net income as adjustments to the carrying value.

As of April 30, 2025, the cumulative net gain (loss) on our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values was comprised of $40 million upward adjustments, $57 million downward adjustments and $26 million of impairments. As of April 30, 2025, the carrying amount of our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value was $61 million.

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2024, there were no unrealized gain (loss) adjustments to the carrying value of non-marketable securities without readily determinable fair value based on an observable market transaction.
As of April 30, 2024, the cumulative net gain (loss) on our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values was comprised of $39 million upward adjustments, $30 million downward adjustments and no impairments. As of April 30, 2024, the carrying amount of our non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value was $108 million.