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Software

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Research and Development [Abstract]

Software

Software

Software as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consists of the following (in millions):

	2019				2018
Software from acquisitions	$	1,959			$	1,116
Capitalized software development costs	2,258				1,624
Purchased software	603				363
	4,820				3,103
Accumulated amortization	(1,616		)		(1,308		)
Total Software, net	$	3,204			$	1,795

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded pre-tax asset impairments of $87 million, primarily related to certain software resulting from the Company's net realizable value analysis.

Amortization expense for software was $616 million, $468 million and $436 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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- References

No definition available.

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- Definition

The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 985
-SubTopic 730
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2197926

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