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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
(in millions)Water
Infrastructure		Applied WaterMeasurement & Control SolutionsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2020$668 $529 $1,657 $2,854 
Activity in 2021
Foreign currency and other(12)(14)(36)(62)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$656 $515 $1,621 $2,792 
Activity in 2022
Foreign currency and other(18)(13)(42)(73)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$638 $502 $1,579 $2,719 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, goodwill included accumulated impairment losses of $206 million, within the Measurement & Control Solutions segment.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, we performed our annual impairment assessment and determined that the estimated fair values of our goodwill reporting units were in excess of each of their carrying values. However, future goodwill impairment tests could result in a charge to earnings. We will continue to evaluate goodwill on an annual basis as of the beginning of our fourth quarter and whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate there may be a potential impairment.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $58 million related to a reporting unit within our Measurement & Control Solutions segment.
Other Intangible Assets
Information regarding our other intangible assets is as follows:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangibles		Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangibles
Customer and distributor relationships$784 $(371)$413 $929 $(456)$473 
Proprietary technology and patents165 (118)47 201 (142)59 
Trademarks137 (80)57 141 (72)69 
Software514 (268)246 548 (303)245 
Other5 (3)2 21 (18)3 
Indefinite-lived intangibles165 — 165 167 — 167 
Other intangibles$1,770 $(840)$930 $2,007 $(991)$1,016 
We determined that no material impairment of the indefinite-lived intangibles existed as of the measurement date of our impairment assessment in 2022. Future impairment tests could result in a charge to earnings. We will continue to evaluate the indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis as of the beginning of our fourth quarter and whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate there may be a potential impairment.
During 2022, the Company assessed whether the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in the Measurement & Control Solutions segment may not be recoverable based on the updated forecast of future cash flows, and therefore impaired. Our assessment resulted in an impairment charge of $14 million, primarily related to software and customer relationships. The charge was calculated using an income approach, which is considered a Level 3 input for fair value measurement, and is reflected in “Restructuring and asset impairment charges” in our Consolidated Income Statements.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company assessed whether the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in the Measurement & Control Solutions segment may not be recoverable based on the updated forecast of future cash flows, and therefore impaired. Our assessment resulted in an impairment charge of $11 million, primarily related to software and proprietary technology. The charge was calculated using an income approach, which is considered a Level 3 input for fair value measurement, and is reflected in “Restructuring and asset impairment charges” in our Consolidated Income Statements.
During the second quarter of 2020, we recognized impairment charges of $16 million primarily related to customer relationships and trademarks due to discontinuance of a product line within our Measurement & Control Solutions segment. We also determined that internally developed in-process software within our Measurement & Control Solutions segment was impaired as a result of actions taken to prioritize strategic investments and recognized an impairment charge of $10 million.
Customer and distributor relationships, proprietary technology and patents, trademarks, software and other are amortized over weighted average lives of approximately 16 years, 15 years, 13 years, 10 years and 5 years, respectively.
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was $125 million, $127 million, and $134 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years is as follows:
(in millions)
2023$127 
2024121 
2025116 
2026102 
202790