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Natural Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Extractive Industries [Abstract] |
Natural Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited) | Natural Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited) The following supplementary information presents a summary of the results of natural gas and oil activities in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting for production activities. Production Costs The following tables present total aggregate capitalized costs and costs incurred related to natural gas, NGLs and oil production activities.
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (Thousands)
Capitalized costs |  |  |
Proved properties | $ | 30,471,164 |  |  | $ | 25,142,857 |
Unproved properties | 2,039,431 |  |  | 1,747,705 |
Total capitalized costs | 32,510,595 |  |  | 26,890,562 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and depletion | 10,734,099 |  |  | 9,119,553 |
Net capitalized costs | $ | 21,776,496 |  |  | $ | 17,771,009 |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Thousands)
Costs incurred (a) |  |  |  |  |
Property acquisition: |  |  |  |  |
Proved properties (b) | $ | 4,142,621 |  |  | $ | 82,276 |  |  | $ | 2,544,316 |
Unproved properties (c) | 575,130 |  |  | 113,523 |  |  | 805,942 |
Exploration | 3,330 |  |  | 3,438 |  |  | 24,403 |
Development | 1,782,428 |  |  | 1,298,665 |  |  | 954,580 |
(a)Amounts exclude costs for facilities, information technology and other corporate items and include costs for midstream assets. (b)Amounts in 2023 include $2,522.3 million, $757.6 million and $719.6 million for wells, midstream assets and leases, respectively, acquired in the Tug Hill and XcL Midstream Acquisition described in Note 6. Amounts in 2022 include $40.5 million for leases acquired in the 2022 Asset Acquisition. Amounts in 2021 include $1,754.7 million, $257.9 million and $450.0 million for wells, midstream assets and leases, respectively, acquired in the Alta Acquisition and Reliance Asset Acquisition described in Note 6. (c)Amounts in 2023 include $523.0 million for unproved properties acquired in the Tug Hill and XcL Midstream Acquisition. Amounts in 2022 include $17.1 million for unproved properties acquired in the 2022 Asset Acquisition. Amounts in 2021 include $743.3 million for unproved properties acquired in the Alta Acquisition. Results of Operations for Producing Activities The following table presents the results of operations related to natural gas, NGLs and oil production.
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Thousands)
Sales of natural gas, NGLs and oil | $ | 5,044,768 |  |  | $ | 12,114,168 |  |  | $ | 6,804,020 |
Transportation and processing | 2,157,260 |  |  | 2,116,976 |  |  | 1,942,165 |
Production | 254,700 |  |  | 300,985 |  |  | 225,279 |
Exploration | 3,330 |  |  | 3,438 |  |  | 24,403 |
Depreciation and depletion | 1,732,142 |  |  | 1,665,962 |  |  | 1,676,702 |
Loss (gain) on sale/exchange of long-lived assets | 17,445 |  |  | (8,446) |  |  | (21,124) |
Impairment and expiration of leases | 109,421 |  |  | 176,606 |  |  | 311,835 |
Income tax expense | 187,463 |  |  | 1,987,323 |  |  | 667,435 |
Results of operations from producing activities, excluding corporate overhead | $ | 583,007 |  |  | $ | 5,871,324 |  |  | $ | 1,977,325 |
Reserve Information Proved developed reserves represent only those reserves expected to be recovered from existing wells and support equipment. Proved undeveloped reserves represent proved reserves expected to be recovered from new wells after substantial development costs are incurred. The Company's estimate of proved natural gas, NGLs and oil reserves was prepared by Company engineers. The engineer primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of the reserves estimate holds a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Michigan Technological University, a master's degree in chemical engineering from Colorado State University, an Executive Master of Business Administration in energy from the University of Oklahoma and is a licensed professional engineer with 24 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. To support the accurate and timely preparation and disclosure of its reserve estimates, the Company established internal controls over its reserve estimation processes and procedures, including the following: the price, heat content conversion rate and cost assumptions used in the economic model to determine the reserves are reviewed by management; division of interest and production volume are reconciled between the system used to calculate the reserves and other accounting/measurement systems; the reserves reconciliation between prior year reserves and current year reserves is reviewed by senior management; and the estimates of proved natural gas, NGLs and oil reserves are audited by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI), an independent consulting firm hired by management. Since 1961, NSAI has evaluated oil and gas properties and independently certified petroleum reserves quantities in the United States and internationally. In the course of its audit, NSAI conducted a detailed review of 100% of the total net natural gas, NGLs and oil proved reserves attributable to the Company's interests as of December 31, 2023. NSAI conducted a detailed, well-by-well audit of all the Company's properties. The estimates prepared by the Company and audited by NSAI were within the recommended 10% tolerance threshold set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE Standards). Standard engineering and geoscience methods, or a combination of methods, including performance analysis, volumetric analysis, analogy and material balance were utilized in the evaluation of reserves. All of the Company's proved reserves are located in the United States. The Company utilizes reliable technologies in the calculation of its proved undeveloped reserves. The technologies used in the estimation of the Company's proved undeveloped reserves include, but are not limited to, empirical evidence through drilling results and well performance, production data, decline curve analysis, well logs, geologic maps, core data, seismic data, demonstrated relationship between geologic parameters and performance, and the implementation and application of statistical analysis. For all tables presented, NGLs and oil were converted at a rate of one Mbbl to approximately six million cubic feet (MMcf).
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (MMcf)
Natural gas, NGLs and oil |  |  |  |  |
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 25,002,589 |  |  | 24,961,499 |  |  | 19,802,092 |
Revision of previous estimates | (1,402,039) |  |  | (654,618) |  |  | (274,111) |
Purchase of hydrocarbons in place | 2,600,667 |  |  | 141,038 |  |  | 4,186,933 |
Extensions, discoveries and other additions | 3,411,750 |  |  | 2,494,713 |  |  | 3,104,402 |
Production | (2,016,273) |  |  | (1,940,043) |  |  | (1,857,817) |
Balance at December 31 | 27,596,694 |  |  | 25,002,589 |  |  | 24,961,499 |
Proved developed reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 17,513,645 |  |  | 17,218,655 |  |  | 13,641,345 |
Balance at December 31 | 19,558,176 |  |  | 17,513,645 |  |  | 17,218,655 |
Proved undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 7,488,944 |  |  | 7,742,844 |  |  | 6,160,747 |
Balance at December 31 | 8,038,518 |  |  | 7,488,944 |  |  | 7,742,844 |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (MMcf)
Natural gas |  |  |  |  |
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 23,824,887 |  |  | 23,523,665 |  |  | 18,865,013 |
Revision of previous estimates | (1,461,305) |  |  | (432,315) |  |  | (568,814) |
Purchase of natural gas in place | 2,012,159 |  |  | 141,038 |  |  | 4,186,933 |
Extensions, discoveries and other additions | 3,326,736 |  |  | 2,434,543 |  |  | 2,786,850 |
Production | (1,907,343) |  |  | (1,842,044) |  |  | (1,746,317) |
Balance at December 31 | 25,795,134 |  |  | 23,824,887 |  |  | 23,523,665 |
Proved developed reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 16,541,017 |  |  | 16,152,083 |  |  | 12,750,312 |
Balance at December 31 | 18,186,432 |  |  | 16,541,017 |  |  | 16,152,083 |
Proved undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 7,283,870 |  |  | 7,371,582 |  |  | 6,114,701 |
Balance at December 31 | 7,608,702 |  |  | 7,283,870 |  |  | 7,371,582 |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Mbbl)
NGLs |  |  |  |  |
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 186,141 |  |  | 225,792 |  |  | 148,762 |
Revision of previous estimates | 11,558 |  |  | (33,955) |  |  | 46,868 |
Purchase of NGLs in place | 90,604 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Extensions, discoveries and other additions | 13,592 |  |  | 9,610 |  |  | 47,120 |
Production | (16,550) |  |  | (15,306) |  |  | (16,958) |
Balance at December 31 | 285,345 |  |  | 186,141 |  |  | 225,792 |
Proved developed reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 154,921 |  |  | 169,781 |  |  | 141,489 |
Balance at December 31 | 218,523 |  |  | 154,921 |  |  | 169,781 |
Proved undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 31,220 |  |  | 56,011 |  |  | 7,273 |
Balance at December 31 | 66,822 |  |  | 31,220 |  |  | 56,011 |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Mbbl)
Oil |  |  |  |  |
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 10,142 |  |  | 13,846 |  |  | 7,417 |
Revision of previous estimates | (1,680) |  |  | (3,095) |  |  | 2,249 |
Purchase of oil in place | 7,481 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Extensions, discoveries and other additions | 577 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 5,805 |
Production | (1,605) |  |  | (1,027) |  |  | (1,625) |
Balance at December 31 | 14,915 |  |  | 10,142 |  |  | 13,846 |
Proved developed reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 7,183 |  |  | 7,981 |  |  | 7,016 |
Balance at December 31 | 10,101 |  |  | 7,183 |  |  | 7,981 |
Proved undeveloped reserves: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1 | 2,959 |  |  | 5,865 |  |  | 401 |
Balance at December 31 | 4,814 |  |  | 2,959 |  |  | 5,865 |
The change in reserves during the year ended December 31, 2023 resulted from the following: •Conversions of 2,561 Bcfe of proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves. •Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 3,412 Bcfe, which exceeded 2023 production of 2,016 Bcfe. Extensions, discoveries and other additions included an increase of 1,670 Bcfe of proved undeveloped additions associated with acreage that was previously unproved but became proved due to 2023 reserve development that expanded the number of the Company's proven locations and additions to the Company's five-year drilling plan, 1,341 Bcfe of proved undeveloped additions for previously proved undeveloped properties reclassified from unproved properties due to their addition to the Company's five-year development plan, positive revisions of 92 Bcfe from the extension of lateral lengths of proved undeveloped reserves and 309 Bcfe from converting unproved reserves to proved developed reserves. •Negative revisions of 755 Bcfe related to proved undeveloped locations that are no longer expected to be developed as proved reserves within five years of initial booking as a result of development schedule changes. •Negative revisions of 367 Bcfe primarily from proved undeveloped locations as a result of revisions to type curves. •Positive revisions to proved undeveloped locations of 290 Bcfe due primarily to changes in ownership interests. •Negative revisions of 208 Bcfe primarily from proved developed locations as a result of negative curve revisions. •Negative revisions of 362 Bcfe from lower pricing that impacted well economics. •Purchase of hydrocarbons in place of 2,600 Bcfe from the Tug Hill and XcL Midstream Acquisition described in Note 6. The change in reserves during the year ended December 31, 2022 resulted from the following: •Conversions of 1,365 Bcfe of proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves. •Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 2,495 Bcfe, which exceeded 2022 production of 1,940 Bcfe. Extensions, discoveries and other additions included an increase of 2,077 Bcfe of proved undeveloped additions associated with acreage that was previously unproved but became proved due to 2022 reserve development that expanded the number of the Company's proven locations and additions to the Company's five-year drilling plan and 418 Bcfe from converting unproved reserves to proved developed reserves. •Negative revisions of 1,625 Bcfe related to proved undeveloped locations that are no longer expected to be developed as proved reserves within five years of initial booking as a result of development schedule changes, driven largely by third-party impacts, which have pushed planned completion dates into a future period from when originally planned. •Positive revisions to proved undeveloped locations of 518 Bcfe due primarily to changes in ownership interests. •Positive revisions of 356 Bcfe primarily from proved developed locations as a result of positive curve revisions. •Positive revisions of 96 Bcfe from higher pricing that impacted well economics. •Purchase of hydrocarbons in place of 141 Bcfe from the 2022 Asset Acquisition described in Note 6. The change in reserves during the year ended December 31, 2021 resulted from the following: •Conversions of 1,634 Bcfe of proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves. •Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 3,104 Bcfe, which exceeded 2021 production of 1,858 Bcfe. Extensions, discoveries and other additions included an increase of 2,828 Bcfe of proved undeveloped additions associated with acreage that was previously unproved but became proved due to 2021 reserve development that expanded the number of the Company's proven locations, implementation of, and alignment with, the Company's combo-development strategy and additions to the Company's five-year drilling plan, 52 Bcfe from extension of proved undeveloped reserves lateral lengths and 224 Bcfe from converting unproved reserves to proved developed reserves. •Negative revisions of 819 Bcfe from proved undeveloped locations that are no longer expected to be developed within five years of initial booking as proved reserves as a result of revisions to the Company’s five-year drilling plan allowing for continued alignment with the Company’s combo-development strategy. •Negative revisions to proved undeveloped locations of 62 Bcfe due primarily to changes in working interests and net revenue interest. •Negative revisions of 31 Bcfe primarily from proved developed locations as a result of negative curve revisions. •Positive revisions of 638 Bcfe from higher pricing that impacted well economics. •Purchase of hydrocarbons in place of 4,187 Bcfe from the Alta Acquisition and Reliance Asset Acquisition described in Note 6. Standard Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flow Management cautions that the standard measure of discounted future cash flows should not be viewed as an indication of the fair market value of natural gas and oil producing properties, nor of the future cash flows expected to be generated therefrom. The information presented does not give recognition to future changes in estimated reserves, selling prices or costs and has been discounted at a rate of 10%. The following table summarizes estimated future net cash flows from natural gas and oil reserves.
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Thousands)
Future cash inflows (a) | $ | 52,916,665 |  |  | $ | 140,032,653 |  |  | $ | 70,844,136 |
Future production costs (b) | (24,357,033) |  |  | (22,801,652) |  |  | (20,961,576) |
Future development costs | (4,298,372) |  |  | (3,244,211) |  |  | (2,882,921) |
Future income tax expenses | (5,230,629) |  |  | (26,375,241) |  |  | (10,433,091) |
Future net cash flow | 19,030,631 |  |  | 87,611,549 |  |  | 36,566,548 |
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows | (9,768,282) |  |  | (47,547,025) |  |  | (19,285,424) |
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows | $ | 9,262,349 |  |  | $ | 40,064,524 |  |  | $ | 17,281,124 |
(a)The majority of the Company's production is sold through liquid trading points on interstate pipelines. Reserves were computed using average first-day-of-the-month closing prices for the prior twelve months less regional adjustments. Regional adjustments were calculated using historical average realized prices received in the Appalachian Basin. NGLs pricing was calculated using average first-day-of-the-month closing prices for the prior twelve months for NGLs components, adjusted using the regional component makeup of proved NGLs.
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Oil for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) ($/Bbl) | $ | 78.21 |  |  | $ | 94.14 |  |  | $ | 66.55 |
Less regional adjustments ($/Bbl) | 14.35 |  |  | 17.31 |  |  | 14.98 |
Oil price ($/Bbl) | 63.86 |  |  | 76.83 |  |  | 51.57 |
Natural gas for NYMEX ($/MMBtu) | 2.637 |  |  | 6.357 |  |  | 3.598 |
Less regional adjustments ($/MMBtu) | 1.029 |  |  | 1.094 |  |  | 1.040 |
Natural gas price ($/Mcf) | 1.700 |  |  | 5.543 |  |  | 2.694 |
NGLs price ($/Bbl) | 28.44 |  |  | 38.66 |  |  | 29.95 |
(b)Includes approximately $2,443 million, $2,098 million and $1,937 million for future plugging and abandonment costs as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Holding production and development costs constant, an increase in NYMEX price of $0.10 per Dth for natural gas, an increase in WTI price of $10 per barrel for NGLs and an increase in WTI price of $10 per barrel for oil would result in a change in the December 31, 2023 discounted future net cash flows before income taxes of the Company's proved reserves of approximately $1,260 million, $1,214 million and $77 million, respectively. The following table summarizes the changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows.
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Thousands)
Net sales and transfers of natural gas and oil produced | $ | (2,632,808) |  |  | $ | (9,696,207) |  |  | $ | (4,636,576) |
Net changes in prices, production and development costs | (48,739,248) |  |  | 35,353,172 |  |  | 17,290,913 |
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, net of related costs | 6,347,387 |  |  | 1,798,851 |  |  | 46,078 |
Development costs incurred | 1,296,380 |  |  | 902,925 |  |  | 764,002 |
Net purchase of minerals in place | 2,131,567 |  |  | 280,233 |  |  | 3,491,441 |
Revisions of previous quantity estimates | (2,768,922) |  |  | (299,423) |  |  | 184,552 |
Accretion of discount | 4,006,452 |  |  | 1,728,112 |  |  | 336,646 |
Net change in income taxes | 9,190,460 |  |  | (7,233,051) |  |  | (3,614,029) |
Timing and other | 366,557 |  |  | (51,212) |  |  | 51,639 |
Net (decrease) increase | (30,802,175) |  |  | 22,783,400 |  |  | 13,914,666 |
Balance at January 1 | 40,064,524 |  |  | 17,281,124 |  |  | 3,366,458 |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 9,262,349 |  |  | $ | 40,064,524 |  |  | $ | 17,281,124 |

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