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Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The table below presents disclosures about the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in UAL's financial statements (in millions):
| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 12,666 |  |  | $ | 12,666 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,269 |  |  | $ | 11,269 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash - current | 254 |  |  | 254 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted cash - non-current | 218 |  |  | 218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 218 |  |  | 218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt | 252 |  |  | — |  |  | 252 |  |  | — |  |  | 330 |  |  | — |  |  | 330 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |
U.S. government and agency notes | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | 182 |  |  | 182 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 205 |  |  | 205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other assets | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Restricted cash - current — Primarily includes $217 million of cash collateral for a standby letter of credit associated with guarantees related to the BRW Term Loan (as defined below). See Note 7 of this report for additional information on the BRW Term Loan and guarantees. The balance also includes amounts to be used for the payment of fees, principal and interest on senior secured notes and a secured term loan facility (the "MileagePlus Financing") secured by substantially all of the assets of Mileage Plus Holdings, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of United. Restricted cash - non-current — Primarily includes collateral associated with the MileagePlus Financing, collateral for letters of credit and collateral associated with facility leases and other insurance-related obligations. Short-term investments — The short-term investments shown in the table above are classified as available-for-sale. As of March 31, 2021, corporate debt securities have remaining maturities of less than two years, asset-backed securities have remaining maturities of less than one year to approximately nine years and U.S. government and agency notes have maturities of less than one year. Equity securities — Equity securities represent United's investment in Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S.A. ("Azul"), consisting of approximately 8% of Azul's outstanding preferred shares (representing approximately 2% of the total capital stock of Azul). The Company recorded $23 million and $293 million in losses during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for changes to the fair market value of its equity investment in Azul in Unrealized losses on investments, net in the Company's statements of consolidated operations. The carrying value of our investment in Azul was $182 million at March 31, 2021. Other assets — The other assets represent warrants provided to United for the purchase of Class B membership units in Alclear Holdings, LLC and warrants for the purchase of shares from Archer. Investments presented in the table above have the same fair value as their carrying value. Other fair value information. The table below presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments not presented in the tables above (in millions). Carrying amounts include any related discounts, premiums and issuance costs:
| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Long-term debt | $ | 27,632 |  |  | $ | 28,939 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,644 |  |  | $ | 6,295 |  |  | $ | 26,747 |  |  | $ | 27,441 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,985 |  |  | $ | 5,456 |
Fair value of the financial instruments included in the tables above was determined as follows:
Description | Fair Value Methodology
Cash and cash equivalents | The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these assets.
Short-term investments, Equity securities and Restricted cash (current and non-current) | Fair value is based on (a) the trading prices of the investment or similar instruments, (b) an income approach, which uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts into a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts when observable trading prices are not available, or (c) broker quotes obtained by third-party valuation services.
Other assets | Fair value is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes options pricing model or observable market prices.
Long-term debt | Fair values were based on either market prices or the discounted amount of future cash flows using our current incremental rate of borrowing for similar liabilities or assets.
Avianca Loan. Avianca Holdings S.A. ("AVH") and certain of its affiliates filed voluntary r eorganization proceedings under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on May 10, 2020 (the "AVH Reorganization Proceedings"). As part of the AVH Reorganization Proceedings, the Company has a debtor-in-possession ("DIP") term loan ("DIP Loan") receivable under the terms of the DIP credit agreement. The DIP Loan is not convertible. It bears paid-in-kind interest at a rate of 14.5% per annum and has a scheduled maturity date in November 2021. The DIP Loan becomes immediately payable upon AVH's emergence from bankruptcy, in either cash or shares of AVH stock, at AVH's election. As of March 31, 2021, the DIP Loan had a balance of $164 million and was recorded in Receivables on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117815213&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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