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Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The table below presents disclosures about the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in UAL's financial statements (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,634 |  |  | $ | 7,634 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,166 |  |  | $ | 7,166 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash - current | 173 |  |  | 173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted cash - non-current | 225 |  |  | 225 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 210 |  |  | 210 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency notes | 9,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,914 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,914 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | 461 |  |  | — |  |  | 461 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | 126 |  |  | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189 |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investments presented in the table above have the same fair value as their carrying value. Restricted cash - current — Primarily includes amounts to be used for the payment of fees, principal and interest on senior secured notes and a secured term loan facility (the "MileagePlus Financing") secured by substantially all of the assets of Mileage Plus Holdings, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of United. Restricted cash - non-current — Primarily includes collateral associated with the MileagePlus Financing, collateral for letters of credit and collateral associated with facility leases and other insurance-related obligations. Short-term investments — The short-term investments shown in the table above are classified as available-for-sale and have remaining maturities of approximately two years or less. Long-term investments: Equity securities — Represents equity and equity-linked securities (such as vested warrants) that make up United's investments in Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S.A., Archer Aviation Inc., Eve Holding, Inc., Mesa Air Group, Inc. and Clear Secure, Inc. Other fair value information. The table below presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments not presented in the tables above (in millions). Carrying amounts include any related discounts, premiums and issuance costs:
| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Long-term debt | $ | 30,666 |  |  | $ | 29,429 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,812 |  |  | $ | 5,617 |  |  | $ | 31,194 |  |  | $ | 29,371 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,990 |  |  | $ | 5,381 |
Fair value of the financial instruments included in the tables above was determined as follows:
Description | Fair Value Methodology
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash (current and non-current) | The carrying amounts of these assets approximate fair value.
Short-term and Long-term investments | Fair value is based on (a) the trading prices of the investment or similar instruments or (b) broker quotes obtained by third-party valuation services.
Long-term debt | Fair values were based on either market prices or the discounted amount of future cash flows using our current incremental rate of borrowing for similar liabilities or assets.
Equity Method Investments. As of March 31, 2023, United holds the following investments, accounted for using the equity method, with a combined carrying value of approximately $208 million: •CommuteAir LLC. United owns a 40% minority ownership stake in CommuteAir LLC. CommuteAir currently operates 61 regional aircraft under a capacity purchase agreement ("CPA") that has a term through 2026. •Republic Airways Holdings Inc. United holds a 19% minority interest in Republic Holdings Inc., which is the parent company of Republic Airways Inc. ("Republic"). Republic currently operates 66 regional aircraft under CPAs that have terms through 2036. •United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund (the "Fund"). During the first quarter of 2023, United launched, through its corporate venture capital arm, United Airlines Ventures ("UAV"), an investment vehicle designed to support start-ups focused on decarbonizing air travel by accelerating the research, production and technologies associated with sustainable aviation fuel ("SAF"). The Fund started with more than $100 million in commitments from United and other corporate investors, collectively, as limited partners. UAV transferred certain of its existing SAF investments to the Fund's portfolio. As of March 31, 2023, the Company indirectly holds a 49.99% ownership interest in the Fund. •Blue Blade Energy, LLC ("Blue Blade"). UAV holds a 20% minority interest in Blue Blade, a joint venture with Tallgrass Energy Partners, LP, and Green Plains Inc. to develop and then commercialize a novel SAF technology that uses ethanol as its feedstock. Other Investments. As of March 31, 2023, United has equity investments in Avianca Group International Limited, a multinational airline holding company, JetSuiteX, Inc., an independent air carrier doing business as JSX as well as a number of companies with emerging technologies and sustainable solutions. None of these investments have readily determinable fair values. We account for these investments at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. As of March 31, 2023, the carrying value of these investments was $413 million.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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