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Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Liability for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]  
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
The following table represents an analysis of losses and loss adjustment expenses and a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2021202020212020
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at beginning of period
$16,443,952 $14,309,580 $16,513,929 $13,891,842 
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable
3,916,650 4,070,114 4,314,855 4,082,650 
Net reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at beginning of period
12,527,302 10,239,466 12,199,074 9,809,192 
Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses relating to losses occurring in:
Current year
1,219,081 1,274,589 2,463,853 2,409,031 
Prior years
(59,250)(44,067)(100,922)(63,090)
Total net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses
1,159,831 1,230,522 2,362,931 2,345,941 
Retroactive reinsurance transactions (1)
— — (183,893)60,635 
Net foreign exchange (gains) losses
135,847 51,157 88,970 (91,416)
Net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses relating to losses occurring in:
Current year
(164,441)(128,174)(223,425)(169,434)
Prior years
(607,911)(504,254)(1,193,029)(1,066,201)
Total net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses
(772,352)(632,428)(1,416,454)(1,235,635)
Net reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period
13,050,628 10,888,717 13,050,628 10,888,717 
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable
4,146,020 4,156,157 4,146,020 4,156,157 
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period
$17,196,648 $15,044,874 $17,196,648 $15,044,874 
(1)     During the 2021 first quarter, the Company entered into a reinsurance to close and other related agreements with Premia Managing Agency Limited (“Premia”), in connection with the 2018 and prior years of account related to the acquisition of Barbican Group Holdings Limited (“Barbican”). During the 2020 first quarter, the Company entered into a reinsurance to close agreement of the 2017 and prior years of account previously covered by a third party arrangement.

Development on Prior Year Loss Reserves

2021 Second Quarter

During the 2021 second quarter, the Company recorded net favorable development on prior year loss reserves of $59.3 million, which consisted of $4.0 million from the insurance segment, $20.5 million from the reinsurance segment and $43.1 million from the mortgage segment, partially offset by $8.3 million of adverse development from the ‘other’ segment.
The insurance segment’s net favorable development of $4.0 million, or 0.5 loss ratio points, for the 2021 second quarter consisted of $28.5 million of net favorable development in short-tailed and long-tailed lines and $24.5 million of net adverse development in medium-tailed lines. Net favorable development in short-tailed lines reflected $10.7 million of favorable development in lenders products, primarily from the 2020 accident year (i.e., the year in which a loss occurred), $7.1 million of favorable development from property (excluding marine), primarily from the 2017, 2019
and 2020 accident years and $6.7 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2020 accident year. Net favorable development in long-tailed lines reflected $5.6 million of favorable development related to construction and national accounts, primarily from the 2016 to 2020 accident years. Net adverse development in medium-tailed lines included $20.1 million of adverse development in contract binding business, primarily from the 2014 to 2019 accident years.

The reinsurance segment’s net favorable development of $20.5 million, or 2.8 loss ratio points, for the 2021 second quarter consisted of $53.7 million of net favorable development in short-tailed and medium-tailed lines and $33.2 million of net adverse development in long-tailed lines. Net favorable development in short-tailed lines reflected $61.6 million of favorable development related to other specialty, primarily from the 2019 underwriting year (i.e., all premiums and losses attributable to contracts having an inception or renewal date within the given twelve-month period), which was partially offset by $17.1 million of net
adverse development related to property catastrophe, primarily from the 2020 underwriting year. Net favorable development of $4.0 million in medium-tailed lines reflected favorable development in marine and aviation, across most underwriting years. Net adverse development in long-tailed lines reflected $34.2 million of adverse development in casualty, primarily from the 2018 underwriting year.

The mortgage segment’s net favorable development was $43.1 million, or 12.9 loss ratio points, for the 2021 second quarter, with the largest contributor being reserve releases associated with the various vintage credit risk transfer contracts that were called by the GSEs. The net favorable development also included reserve releases in our international portfolio and subrogation recoveries on second lien and student loan business.
2020 Second Quarter
During the 2020 second quarter, the Company recorded net favorable development on prior year loss reserves of $44.1 million, which consisted of $2.5 million from the insurance segment, $40.2 million from the reinsurance segment, $0.2 million from the mortgage segment and $1.1 million from the ‘other’ segment.
The insurance segment’s net favorable development of $2.5 million, or 0.4 loss ratio points, for the 2020 second quarter consisted of $19.7 million of net favorable development in short-tailed and long-tailed lines and $17.1 million of net adverse development in medium-tailed lines. Net favorable development of $11.5 million in short-tailed lines reflected $7.5 million of favorable development from property (excluding marine), primarily from the 2016 to 2019 accident years and $3.5 million of favorable development on travel and accident, primarily from the 2019 accident year. Net favorable development of $8.1 million in long-tailed lines reflected $2.4 million of favorable development in executive assurance, primarily from the 2013 accident year, and $4.9 million of favorable development related to other business, including alternative markets and excess workers’ compensation, across most accident years. Net adverse development in medium-tailed lines included $6.3 million of adverse development in professional liability, primarily from the 2009, 2016 and 2019 accident years, $6.1 million of adverse development in contract binding, across all accident years, and $4.0 million of adverse development on program business, primarily from the 2014 and 2017 accident years.
The reinsurance segment’s net favorable development of $40.2 million, or 8.4 loss ratio points, for the 2020 second quarter consisted of $46.2 million of net favorable development from short-tailed lines and net adverse development of $6.0 million from and medium-tailed and long-tailed lines. Net favorable development in short-tailed lines reflected $27.5 million of favorable development from
other specialty, across most underwriting years, and $18.3 million of favorable development related to property catastrophe and property other than property catastrophe business, primarily from the 2016 to 2019 underwriting years. Adverse development of $5.8 million in long-tailed lines reflected an increase in reserves from casualty, primarily from the 2012 to 2015 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s net favorable development was $0.2 million, or 0.1 loss ratio points, for the 2020 second quarter.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded net favorable development on prior year loss reserves of $100.9 million, which consisted of $8.1 million favorable from the insurance segment, $47.3 million from the reinsurance segment and $54.0 million from the mortgage segment, partially offset by $8.4 million of adverse development from the ‘other’ segment.
The insurance segment’s net favorable development of $8.1 million, or 0.5 loss ratio points, for the 2021 period consisted of $53.5 million of net favorable development in short-tailed and long-tailed lines, partially offset by $45.4 million of net adverse development in medium-tailed lines. Net favorable development of $49.4 million in short-tailed lines reflected $21.6 million of favorable development from property (excluding marine), primarily from the 2018 to 2020 accident years, $18.6 million of favorable development in lenders products, primarily from the 2020 accident year and $9.3 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2020 accident year. Net favorable development of in long-tailed lines included favorable development primarily related to construction and national accounts, primarily in the 2016 to 2019 accident years. Net adverse development in medium-tailed lines reflected $20.1 million of adverse development in contract binding business, primarily in the 2014 to 2019 accident years, $12.6 million of adverse development on programs business, primarily from the 2016 to 2020 accident years, and $11.2 million of adverse development in professional liability business, primarily from the 2019 and 2020 accident years.
The reinsurance segment’s net favorable development of $47.3 million, or 3.4 loss ratio points, for the 2021 period consisted of $72.1 million of net favorable development from short-tailed and medium-tailed lines, partially offset by $24.8 million of net adverse development from long-tailed lines. Net favorable development of $67.2 million in short-tailed lines reflected $78.2 million of favorable development from other specialty lines, primarily from the 2019 underwriting year and $28.8 million of favorable development from property other than property catastrophe business, partially offset by adverse development of $39.6 million from property catastrophe, primarily from the
2020 underwriting year. Adverse development in long-tailed lines reflected an increase in reserves from casualty, primarily from the 2018 underwriting year.
The mortgage segment’s net favorable development was $54.0 million, or 8.1 loss ratio points, for the 2021 period, primarily driven by favorable development in the credit risk transfer and international portfolios. Subrogation recoveries on second lien and student loan business also contributed.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded net favorable development on prior year loss reserves of $63.1 million, which consisted of $3.6 million from the insurance segment, $51.8 million from the reinsurance segment, $6.3 million from the mortgage segment and $1.3 million from the ‘other’ segment.
The insurance segment’s net favorable development of $3.6 million, or 0.3 loss ratio points, for the 2020 period consisted of $28.7 million of net favorable development in short-tailed and long-tailed lines, partially offset by $25.1 million of net adverse development in medium-tailed lines. Net favorable development of $15.4 million in short-tailed lines reflected $9.6 million of favorable development from property (excluding marine), primarily from the 2015 to 2018 accident years and $3.1 million of favorable development in lenders products, primarily from the 2017 to 2019 accident years. Net favorable development of $13.3 million in long-tailed lines included $7.6 million of favorable development related to other business, including alternative markets and excess workers’ compensation, primarily in the 2016 and 2017 accident years. Net adverse development in medium-tailed lines reflected $19.3 million of adverse development in contract binding business, primarily in the 2016 to 2019 accident years, and $6.3 million of adverse development in program business, primarily from the 2017 and 2018 accident years.
The reinsurance segment’s net favorable development of $51.8 million, or 5.1 loss ratio points, for the 2020 period consisted of $67.4 million of net favorable development from short-tailed and medium-tailed lines, offset by $15.6 million of net adverse development from long-tailed lines. Net favorable development of $65.7 million in short-tailed lines reflected $39.3 million from other specialty lines and $21.3 million from property catastrophe, primarily from the 2015 to 2019 underwriting years. Adverse development in long-tailed lines reflected an increase in reserves from casualty, primarily from the 2012 to 2015 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s net favorable development was $6.3 million, or 0.9 loss ratio points, for the 2020 period. The 2020 development was primarily driven by subrogation recoveries on second lien business and student loan business.