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Investment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Investment Information [Abstract]  
Summary of fair value and cost or amortized cost of available for sale securities
The following table summarizes the fair value and cost or amortized cost of the Company’s securities classified as available for sale:
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Expected Credit LossesCost or
Amortized
Cost
December 31, 2023
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$10,855 $157 $(464)$(20)$11,182 
U.S. government and government agencies5,814 63 (86)— 5,837 
Asset backed securities2,250 11 (55)(5)2,299 
Non-U.S. government securities2,062 33 (100)(1)2,130 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,213 (34)(2)1,246 
Residential mortgage backed securities1,103 (66)— 1,162 
Municipal bonds256 (20)— 275 
Total23,553 275 (825)(28)24,131 
Short-term investments2,063 (2)— 2,064 
Total$25,616 $276 $(827)$(28)$26,195 
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$8,020 $55 $(781)$(30)$8,776 
U.S. government and government agencies5,162 15 (343)— 5,490 
Asset backed securities1,927 (107)(6)2,039 
Non-U.S. government securities2,313 (238)(2)2,544 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,047 (58)(3)1,107 
Residential mortgage backed securities795 (87)— 877 
Municipal bonds419 (33)— 449 
Total19,683 89 (1,647)(41)21,282 
Short-term investments1,332 (2)— 1,333 
Total$21,015 $90 $(1,649)$(41)$22,615 
Summary of available for sale securities in a continual unrealized loss position
The following table summarizes, for all available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the security has been in a continual unrealized loss position:
Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Estimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2023
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$1,559 $(45)$4,959 $(419)$6,518 $(464)
U.S. government and government agencies1,066 (10)941 (76)2,007 (86)
Non-U.S. government securities365 (4)897 (96)1,262 (100)
Residential mortgage backed securities221 (3)522 (63)743 (66)
Asset backed securities234 (1)1,112 (54)1,346 (55)
Commercial mortgage backed securities100 (1)909 (33)1,009 (34)
Municipal bonds20 (1)215 (19)235 (20)
Total3,565 (65)9,555 (760)13,120 (825)
Short-term investments302 (2)— — 302 (2)
Total$3,867 $(67)$9,555 $(760)$13,422 $(827)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$4,823 $(393)$2,559 $(388)$7,382 $(781)
U.S. government and government agencies3,557 (197)1,443 (146)5,000 (343)
Non-U.S. government securities1,703 (154)542 (84)2,245 (238)
Residential mortgage backed securities546 (52)154 (35)700 (87)
Asset backed securities1,148 (66)512 (41)1,660 (107)
Commercial mortgage backed securities598 (35)445 (23)1,043 (58)
Municipal bonds364 (30)16 (3)380 (33)
Total12,739 (927)5,671 (720)18,410 (1,647)
Short-term investments237 (2)— — 237 (2)
Total$12,976 $(929)$5,671 $(720)$18,647 $(1,649)
Contractual maturities of the Company's fixed maturities and fixed maturities pledged under securities lending arrangements
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Maturity
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less$480 $499 $511 $537 
Due after one year through five years12,924 13,101 11,016 11,715 
Due after five years through 10 years5,249 5,450 3,984 4,527 
Due after 10 years334 374 403 480 
18,987 19,424 15,914 17,259 
Mortgage backed securities1,103 1,162 795 877 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,213 1,246 1,047 1,107 
Asset backed securities2,250 2,299 1,927 2,039 
Total$23,553 $24,131 $19,683 $21,282 
Components of net investment income
The components of net investment income were derived from the following sources:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Fixed maturities$917 $469 $331 
Short-term investments68 29 
Equity securities22 22 42 
Term loans— — 30 
Other (1)93 47 68 
Gross investment income1,100 567 478 
Investment expenses(77)(71)(89)
Net investment income$1,023 $496 $389 
(1)    Includes interest income on operating cash, distributions from investment funds and other items.
Summary of net realized gains (losses)
Net realized gains (losses) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Available for sale securities:
Gross gains on investment sales$116 $81 $314 
Gross losses on investment sales(547)(317)(157)
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option:
Fixed maturities18 (71)
Other investments27 (21)117 
Equity securities(4)13 
Short-term investments— (3)
Equity securities, at fair value :
Net realized gains (losses) on securities sold61 75 123 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date88 (267)49 
Allowance for credit losses:
Investments related(44)(1)
Underwriting related(1)(13)— 
Derivative instruments (1)59 (75)(33)
Other (2)10 (4)(55)
Net realized gains (losses)$(165)$(663)$380 
(1)    See note 11, “Derivative Instruments” for information on the Company’s derivative instruments.
(2)    2021 period reflected $33 million of losses related to the Company’s
deconsolidation of Somers.
Other investments
The following table summarizes the Company’s other investments and other investable assets:
December 31,
20232022
Other investments$1,777 $1,043 
Fixed maturities683 554 
Equity securities14 
Short-term investments21 33 
Total other investments$2,488 $1,644 
The following table summarizes the Company’s other investments, as detailed in the previous table, by strategy:

December 31,

2023

2022
Lending427 406 
Investment grade fixed income754 271 
Term loan investments272 164 
Private equity182 123 
Credit related funds124 56 
Energy18 23 
Total
$1,777 $1,043 
Investments accounted for using the equity method
The following table summarizes the Company’s investments accounted for using the equity method, by strategy:

December 31,

20232022
Credit related funds$1,258 $1,136 
Private equity1,175 917 
Real estate666 535 
Lending597 531 
Infrastructure320 245 
Fixed income277 130 
Equities178 169 
Energy95 111 
Total
$4,566 $3,774 
A summary of financial information for the Company’s investment funds and operating affiliates accounted for using the equity method is as follows:
December 31,
20232022
Invested assets$91,534 $74,961 
Total assets108,952 88,063 
Total liabilities33,901 27,553 
Net assets$75,051 $60,510 
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Total revenues$7,766 $12,305 $11,786 
Total expenses7,174 5,374 3,239 
Net income (loss)$592 $6,931 $8,547 
Summary of investments in limited partnership interests where the Company has a variable interest
The following table summarizes investments in limited partnership interests where the Company has a variable interest by balance sheet item:
December 31,
20232022
Investments accounted for using the equity method (1)$4,566 $3,774 
Investments accounted for using the fair value option (2)114 130 
Total$4,680 $3,904 
(1)     Aggregate unfunded commitments were $3.4 billion at December 31, 2023, consistent with $2.6 billion at December 31, 2022.
(2)    Aggregate unfunded commitments were $32 million at December 31, 2023, compared to $17 million at December 31, 2022.
Roll forward of the allowance for expected credit losses of securities classified as available for sale
The following table provides a roll forward of the allowance for expected credit losses of the Company’s securities classified as available for sale:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Structured Securities (1)Non-U.S. Government SecuritiesCorporate
Bonds
Total
Balance at beginning of period$$$30 $41 
Additions for current-period provision for expected credit losses— 
Additions (reductions) for previously recognized expected credit losses(3)— (7)(10)
Reductions due to disposals(1)(1)(8)(10)
Balance at end of period$$$20 $28 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period$$— $$
Additions for current-period provision for expected credit losses14 39 55 
Additions (reductions) for previously recognized expected credit losses (4)— (9)(13)
Reductions due to disposals(2)— (2)(4)
Balance at end of period$$$30 $41 
(1)    Includes asset backed securities, mortgage backed securities and commercial mortgage backed securities.
Summary of restricted assets
The following table details the value of the Company’s restricted assets:
December 31,
20232022
Assets used for collateral or guarantees:
Affiliated transactions$4,854 $4,254 
Third party agreements2,869 2,633 
Deposits with U.S. regulatory authorities833 776 
Other (1)1,376 1,038 
Total restricted assets $9,932 $8,701 
(1) Primarily includes Funds at Lloyds, deposits with non-U.S. regulatory authorities and other restricted assets.
Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash
The following table details reconciliation of cash and restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
December 31,
202320222021
Cash$917 $855 $859 
Restricted cash (included in ‘other assets’)581 418 455 
Cash and restricted cash$1,498 $1,273 $1,314