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Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Liability for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]  
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses
The following table represents an analysis of losses and loss adjustment expenses and a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,September 30,
2025202420252024
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at beginning of period
$32,089 $24,466 $29,369 $22,752 
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable
8,513 7,083 7,821 6,690 
Net reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at beginning of period
23,576 17,383 21,548 16,062 
Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses relating to losses occurring in:
Current year
2,321 2,524 7,561 6,324 
Prior years
(121)(121)(471)(366)
Total net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses
2,200 2,403 7,090 5,958 
Net losses and loss adjustment expense reserves of acquired businesses (1) — 2,413 50 2,463 
Net foreign exchange (gains) losses and other
(52)246 541 152 
Net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses relating to losses occurring in:
Current year
(422)(362)(1,287)(647)
Prior years
(1,147)(967)(3,787)(2,872)
Total net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses
(1,569)(1,329)(5,074)(3,519)
Net reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period
24,155 21,116 24,155 21,116 
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable
8,667 7,563 8,667 7,563 
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period
$32,822 $28,679 $32,822 $28,679 
(1)     Activity primarily related to the MCE Acquisition (see note 2).
Prior year development (“PYD”) arises from changes in loss estimates during the current period related to events occurring in prior calendar years. Long-tailed lines include lines of business that typically take many years for claims to settle, such as third-party liability, while short-tailed lines are those that settle more quickly, such as property. The table below summarizes (favorable) and adverse net PYD by segment and tail length:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(Favorable) AdverseSeptember 30,September 30,
2025Short-tailedLong-tailedTotalShort-tailedLong-tailedTotal
Insurance$(27)$13 $(14)$(55)$16 $(39)
Reinsurance(75)22 (53)(277)24 (253)
Mortgage(54)— (54)(179)— (179)
Total$(156)$35 $(121)$(511)$40 $(471)
2024
Insurance$(31)$15 $(16)$(61)$30 $(31)
Reinsurance(68)27 (41)(158)43 (115)
Mortgage(64)— (64)(220)— (220)
Total$(163)$42 $(121)$(439)$73 $(366)
2025 Third Quarter
The insurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $11 million of favorable development in property, energy, marine and aviation, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 accident years (i.e., the year in which a loss occurred), and $8 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2024 accident year. Long-tailed lines primarily included adverse development in programs business, mainly from the 2021 to 2023 accident years.
The reinsurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $28 million of favorable development from property other than property catastrophe business, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 underwriting years (i.e., all premiums and losses attributable to contracts having an inception or renewal date within the given 12 month period), and $28 million of favorable development from property catastrophe business, primarily from the 2021 to 2024 underwriting years. Long-tailed lines included $22 million of adverse development in casualty, primarily from the 2021 and 2024 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s favorable development was driven by reductions on reserves for delinquent loans associated with the U.S. first lien portfolio primarily from the 2024 accident year, with the credit risk transfer and international businesses also contributing.
2024 Third Quarter
The insurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $15 million of favorable development in property, energy, marine and aviation, primarily from the 2012 and 2023 accident years, and $11 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2023 accident year. Long-tailed lines primarily included adverse development in programs, mainly from the 2023 accident year.
The reinsurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $35 million of favorable development from specialty lines, primarily from the 2012 and subsequent underwriting years and $20 million of favorable development from property other than property catastrophe, primarily from the 2022 and 2023 underwriting years. Long-tailed lines included $27 million of adverse development in casualty, primarily from the 2020 and 2022 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s favorable development was driven by reductions on reserves for delinquent loans associated with the U.S. first lien portfolio primarily from the 2023 accident year. The Company’s credit risk transfer and international businesses also contributed to the favorable development.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
The insurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $23 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 accident years, and $21 million of favorable development in in property, energy, marine and aviation, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 accident years. Long-tailed lines primarily included adverse development in programs business, mainly from the 2020 to 2024 accident years.
The reinsurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $117 million of favorable development from property other than property catastrophe, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 underwriting years, and $114 million of favorable development from property catastrophe, primarily from the 2023 and 2024 underwriting years. Long-tailed lines included $24 million of adverse development in casualty, primarily from the 2021 and 2024 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s favorable development was driven by reserve releases associated with the U.S. first lien portfolio primarily from the 2023 and 2024 accident years. The Company’s credit risk transfer and international businesses also contributed to the favorable development.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
The insurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $31 million of favorable development in surety business, primarily from the 2007 and 2022 accident years, and $29 million of favorable development in travel and accident, primarily from the 2023 accident year. Long-tailed lines primarily included adverse development in programs business, mainly from the 2023 accident year.
The reinsurance segment’s short-tailed lines included $72 million of favorable development from specialty lines, primarily from the 2015 and subsequent underwriting years and $71 million of favorable development from property other than property catastrophe, primarily from the 2022 and 2023 underwriting years. Long-tailed lines included $43 million of adverse development in casualty, primarily from the 2017 and 2020 underwriting years.
The mortgage segment’s favorable development was driven by reserve releases associated with the U.S. first lien portfolio primarily from the 2022 to 2023 accident years, with the credit risk transfer and international businesses also contributing to the favorable development.