<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001140361-20-010932.txt : 20200507
<SEC-HEADER>0001140361-20-010932.hdr.sgml : 20200507
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200507110206
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001140361-20-010932
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200506
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200507
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200507

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000943452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RAILROAD EQUIPMENT [3743]
		IRS NUMBER:				251615902
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	033-90866
		FILM NUMBER:		20855146

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		30 ISABELLA STREET
		CITY:			PITTSBURGH
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			15212
		BUSINESS PHONE:		4128251000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		30 ISABELLA STREET
		CITY:			PITTSBURGH
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			15212

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WABTEC CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20000114

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE CO /DE/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950404
</SEC-HEADER>
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    <div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span>
      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">UNITED STATES</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C. 20549</div>

      <div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</div>

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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): May 7, 2020 (<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Fact_4a7f91131bca476f85f13d92502f5e31" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen">May 6, 2020</ix:nonNumeric>)</div>

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      <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 24pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Fact_29b7c9a98e0646cc9ece3542752dd412">WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</span></div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)</div>

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          <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Not Applicable</div>

          <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report.)</div>

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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions
        (see General Instruction A.2. below):</div>

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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</div>
            </td>

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      <div>&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 27pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" id="Fact_4c270e5e2ea846d6b0f2acf120ba9b53" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</div>
            </td>

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      <div>&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 27pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" id="Fact_f9d6679198194356b37b9db70a62ec86" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>
            </td>

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</table>
      <div>&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 27pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" id="Fact_b39993a567714e13b97d6768a58baf8f" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>
            </td>

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      <div>&#160;</div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

      <div>&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 41.46%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Title of each class</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2.74%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 23.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Trading Symbol(s)</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 30.12%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Name of exchange on which </div>
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">registered</div>
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  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 41.46%; vertical-align: top; border-top: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_4964eb681ff34cf2947e84016219080e" contextRef="c20200506to20200506">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 2.74%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 23.16%; vertical-align: top; border-top: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_f3545eb46b334fceb8c4faf09dc21990" contextRef="c20200506to20200506">WAB</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 30.12%; vertical-align: top; border-top: #000000 2px solid;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_147d2a817d434bf29226872b979fe496" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2
        of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

      <div>&#160;</div>

      <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Emerging growth company&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_c1cf3ed81cde470281a148715b200eee" contextRef="c20200506to20200506" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>

      <div>&#160;</div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
        financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160; &#9744;</div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
        <hr style="border: none; border-bottom: 4px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></div>

      <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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          <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

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    <td style="width: 49.5pt; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 5.02.</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain
                  Officers.</div>
              </td>

  </tr>


</table>
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      <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div style="text-align: left; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">On May 6, 2020, the Company and Rafael Santana, its President and CEO, signed a severance agreement.&#160; The material terms of the agreement are
          substantially the same as the February 25, 2019 summary of employment terms by which Mr. Santana joined the Company following the GE Transportation merger, except that upon termination of Mr. Santana&#8217;s employment by the Company other than for
          &#8220;cause&#8221; (as defined) or by Mr. Santana for &#8220;good reason&#8221; (as defined) Mr. Santana will be entitled to severance benefits equal to 200% of the sum of his then-current annual base salary and target annual bonus amount, plus accrued compensation and
          continued medical benefits for two years.&#160; In addition, the Company and Mr. Santana signed a change-in-control continuation agreement in substantially the form signed by other Company senior executives.</div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div style="text-align: left; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The above summaries are not complete descriptions of the documents and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the agreements,
          copies of which are filed with or incorporated into this report and incorporated herein by reference.</div>

      </div>

      <div><br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="zc5c7ea8a29b44cd9adbe480438ecd2f7">


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    <td style="width: 49.5pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01.</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</div>
            </td>

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      <div style="text-align: left;"><br />
      </div>

      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z8d28e3cfcbdc4cc7bc9b780ef760190a" style="width: 100%; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">


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    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36pt;">
                <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</span></div>
              </td>

    <td style="align: left; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
                <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Exhibits.</span></div>
              </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      </div>

      <div><br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="ze9b142a614964fbdbb9d1b64edeb5b51">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibit <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></span></div>
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">No.</span></span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 92%; vertical-align: bottom;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Description</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="ex10_1.htm">10.1</a></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 92%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Severance Agreement, dated May 6, 2020.</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">10.2</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 92%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Form of Employment Continuation Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Wabtec&#8217;s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and
                Exchange Commission on February 24, 2020).</div>
            </td>

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      <div><br />
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        <div style="page-break-after:always;">
          <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      </div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</div>

      <div>&#160;</div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
        duly authorized.</div>

      <div>&#160;</div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" id="z08464361413a4d15bcd057b7b89cd003">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td rowspan="1" style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

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    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">By:</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 46%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ David L. DeNinno</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 46%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">David L. DeNinno</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 46%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Executive Vice President, General Counsel and</div>
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Secretary</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Date: May 7, 2020</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 46%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex10_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.1
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><u> EXHIBIT 10.1<br>
      </u></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><u> <br>
      </u></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><u>SEVERANCE AGREEMENT</u></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">This SEVERANCE AGREEMENT (this &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Agreement</u></font>&#8221;) is by and between
      Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Company</u></font>&#8221;) and Rafael Santana (&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Executive</u></font>&#8221;),


      effective as of May 6, 2020 (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Effective Date</u></font>&#8221;).</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">WHEREAS, in exchange for services performed by Executive, the Company wishes to provide the following severance protection for Executive on the terms
      and conditions hereinafter set forth, and Executive is desirous of receiving such severance protection from the Company on such terms and conditions and for such consideration.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">1.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Term of Agreement</u></font>. This Agreement shall become effective upon the Effective Date and shall remain in effect until the date Executive&#8217;s employment terminates for any reason (such period, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Term</u></font>&#8221;); provided, however, that in no event will Executive be entitled to receive any payments or benefits under this Agreement if he becomes entitled to receive any payments or benefits under that
        certain Employment Continuation Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2020, by and between Executive and the Company (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Continuation Agreement</u></font>&#8221;), except as provided in Section
        4(a) of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement shall survive any Change of Control (as defined in the Continuation Agreement) and shall survive the expiration of the Continuation Agreement, provided Executive&#8217;s employment has
        not terminated. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Executive shall be an at-will employee of the Company and Executive or the Company may terminate Executive&#8217;s employment with the Company for any reason or no reason at any
        time.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">2.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Compensation and Benefits</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Base Salary</u></font>. The Company agrees to pay Executive a salary (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Base Salary</u></font>&#8221;) during the Term in installments based on the Company&#8217;s regular
        payroll practices as may be in effect from time to time. The Base Salary shall be no less than $1,052,100 per year.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Annual Bonus</u></font>. During the Term, Executive will be eligible to participate in the Wabtec Executive Bonus Plan or its successor and will have a target annual bonus opportunity equal to no less than 150% of the Base Salary (the
        &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Target Annual Bonus Percentage</u></font>&#8221;), based on the achievement of specified performance goals as established and determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of
        Directors of the Company. Any bonus earned pursuant to this Section 2(b) shall be paid to Executive in accordance with the Wabtec Executive Bonus Plan.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Definitions</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Disability</u></font>. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Disability</u></font>&#8221; shall mean Executive being &#8220;disabled&#8221; within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(C) of the
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Code</u></font>&#8221;).</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Cause</u></font>. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Cause</u></font>&#8221; shall mean Executive&#8217;s (i) willful and continued failure to substantially perform Executive&#8217;s
        duties to the Company or any of its affiliates after a written demand for substantial performance is delivered to Executive by the Board of Directors of the Company (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Board</u></font>&#8221;),


        which demand specifically identifies the manner in which the Board believes that Executive has not substantially performed such duties; (ii) act or acts of dishonesty or gross misconduct which result or are intended to result in material damage to
        the Company&#8217;s business or reputation; (iii) alcohol or drug addiction; or (iv) conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere to, any felony or any charge involving moral turpitude.<a name="z_cp_text_2_55"></a></font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Date of Termination</u></font>. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Date of Termination</u></font>&#8221; shall mean the effective date of Executive&#8217;s termination of employment.
        For purposes of this Agreement, the term &#8220;termination&#8221; when used as a condition to, or timing of, payment hereunder shall be interpreted to mean a &#8220;separation from service&#8221; within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and
        guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Code Section 409A</u></font>&#8221;), and the date on which such separation from service takes place shall be the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Date of Termination</u></font>.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Good Reason</u></font>. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Good Reason</u></font>&#8221; shall mean the occurrence of any of the following:</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(i)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">a material diminution in
        Executive&#8217;s authority, duties, or responsibilities, or a change in Executive&#8217;s reporting line such that Executive no longer reports directly to the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors;</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(ii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">a material diminution in (1) the
        Base Salary from the annual rate of $1,052,100 in effect on the Effective Date, (2) the Target Annual Bonus Percentage from the percentage of 150% in effect on the Effective Date, or (3) Total Annual Compensation from the Total Annual Compensation
        with respect to 2020;</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(iii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">the Company&#8217;s material breach of
        this Agreement (including, without limitation, any material breach of Section 2 of this Agreement) or the Continuation Agreement; or</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(iv)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">any failure by the Company to
        nominate Executive for election as a director of the Company during the Term or to use all reasonable efforts to cause Executive to be elected or re-elected as a director of the Company during the Term.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">An assertion of Good Reason by Executive will not be effective unless: (A) one or more of the above conditions has occurred without Executive&#8217;s
      written consent; (B) Executive provides notice to the Company of the existence of the Good Reason condition(s) within 90 days after its/their initial existence; (C) the Company does not remedy such condition within 30 days of receiving the notice
      described in the preceding clause (B); and (D) Executive terminates his employment with the Company on that basis within 10 days of the end of the cure period specified in the preceding clause (C).</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(e)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Total Annual Compensation</u></font>. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Total Annual Compensation</u></font>&#8221; shall mean the aggregate value on an annual basis of (i)
        the then-current Base Salary, (ii) the annual target bonus opportunity based on the then-current Target Annual Bonus Percentage and then-current Base Salary and (iii) the aggregate target grant date value of equity awards granted to Executive with
        respect to the applicable year under the Company&#8217;s long-term incentive compensation programs for key executives.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">4.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Obligations of the Company upon Termination</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>By the Company other than for Cause, Death or Disability or by Executive for Good Reason</u></font>. If, during the Term, Executive experiences a termination of employment by the Company other than for Cause, death or Disability or by
        Executive for Good Reason:</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(i)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Within 30 days after the Date of
        Termination, the Company shall pay to Executive the aggregate of the following amounts (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Accrued Obligations</u></font>&#8221;) in cash lump sums: (A) Executive&#8217;s earned annual Base
        Salary through the Date of Termination to the extent not previously paid, (B) any unreimbursed business expenses as of the Date of Termination that are reimbursable in accordance with the Company&#8217;s policies regarding such reimbursement of business
        expenses, as in effect from time to time, and (C) any accrued vacation pay to the extent not previously paid as of the Date of Termination.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(ii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Subject to Section 4(e) of this
        Agreement, on the 61<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">st</sup> day after the Date of Termination, the Company shall pay to Executive a lump sum cash amount equal to the product of two times the sum of (A) the Base Salary in effect on the Date of Termination plus (B)
        Executive&#8217;s target annual bonus for the calendar year in which the Date of Termination occurs (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Termination Year</u></font>&#8221;).</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(iii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Subject to Section 4(e) of this
        Agreement, at the same time and on the same terms as annual bonuses for the Termination Year are paid to other members of the executive team of the Company, but in any event no later than March 15 of the calendar year following the Termination
        Year, the Company shall pay to Executive the annual bonus that Executive would have earned for the Termination Year had Executive remained employed until the end of such calendar year, based on the actual achievement of pre-established performance
        goals for the Termination Year (as determined by the Board) and subject to the generally applicable terms for such annual bonus opportunity for the Termination Year; provided that such annual bonus will be prorated based on the number of days that
        elapse in the Termination Year prior to the Date of Termination.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
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      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">3</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(iv)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Subject to Section 4(e) of this
        Agreement, for the period beginning on the Date of Termination and ending on the earlier of (A) the 24-month anniversary of the Date of Termination and (B) the date Executive becomes eligible for comparable benefits under a similar plan, Executive
        (and, to the extent applicable, Executive&#8217;s eligible dependents) shall be entitled to participate in the Company&#8217;s medical benefits plan on the same terms and conditions, and at the same out-of-pocket cost to Executive, as other similarly situated
        active employees of the Company; provided that any portion of the premium payments paid by the Company with respect to Executive (and, to the extent applicable, Executive&#8217;s eligible dependents) shall be taxable to Executive. To the extent any such
        benefits cannot be provided under the terms of the Company&#8217;s medical benefits plan, the Company shall provide a comparable benefit under another plan or from the Company&#8217;s general assets. Executive shall notify the Company within 10 days of
        becoming eligible for comparable benefits under a similar plan. The period of coverage under the Company&#8217;s medical benefits plan described in this Section 4(a)(iv) shall count against such plan&#8217;s obligation to provide continuation coverage pursuant
        to Part 6 of Subtitle B of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (COBRA).</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(v)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">To the extent not theretofore paid
        or provided, the Company shall timely pay or provide to Executive any other amounts or benefits required to be paid or provided or which Executive is eligible to receive under any plan, program, policy or practice or contract or agreement of the
        Company and its affiliated companies through the Date of Termination (such other amounts and benefits shall be hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Other Benefits</u></font>&#8221;), such Other
        Benefits to be paid or provided subject to and in accordance with the applicable terms of any such arrangements.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">If Executive&#8217;s termination of employment pursuant to this Section 4(a) occurs following a Potential Change of Control (as defined in the Continuation
      Agreement) but prior to a Change of Control (as defined in the Continuation Agreement), then Executive shall be entitled to receive the payments and benefits set forth in this Section 4(a); <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>provided</u></font>, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>however</u></font>, that if Executive becomes entitled to receive payments and benefits under the Continuation Agreement in accordance with Section
      1(b) thereof as the result of a Change of Control occurring within one year of Executive&#8217;s termination of employment, such payments and benefits under the Continuation Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) by any payments or benefits
      previously made to Executive pursuant to this Section 4(a).</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Other than as set forth in this Section 4(a), in the event of a termination of Executive&#8217;s employment by the Company other than for Cause, death or
      Disability, the Company shall have no further obligation to Executive under this Agreement.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Death</u></font>. If Executive&#8217;s employment is terminated by reason of Executive&#8217;s death during the Term, this Agreement shall terminate without further obligations to Executive&#8217;s legal representatives under this Agreement, other than
        for payment of any Accrued Obligations and the timely payment or provision of any Other Benefits. The Accrued Obligations will be paid to Executive in one or more lump sums in cash within 30 days after the Date of Termination.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160; &#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Disability</u></font>. If Executive experiences a termination of employment by reason of Executive&#8217;s Disability during the Term, this Agreement shall terminate without further obligations to Executive under this Agreement, other than
        for payment of any Accrued Obligations and the timely payment or provision of any Other Benefits. The Accrued Obligations will be paid to Executive in one or more lump sums in cash within 30 days after the Date of Termination.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">4</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>By the Company for Cause; By Executive for Any Reason</u></font>. If Executive&#8217;s employment is terminated for Cause or Executive terminates his employment for any reason, this Agreement shall terminate without further obligations to
        Executive under this Agreement.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(e)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Release</u></font>. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be obligated to make any payment under Sections 4(a)(ii)-(iv) of this Agreement unless (i) prior to the 60<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">th</sup> day following the Date
        of Termination, Executive executes a full release of all claims against the Company and its affiliates in a form satisfactory to the Company, and (ii) any applicable revocation period has expired during such 60-day period without Executive revoking
        such release.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(f)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>No Duty to Mitigate</u></font>. Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment or benefit provided for in this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise following termination of his employment with the
        Company, nor shall the amount of any payment or benefit provided for in this Agreement be reduced by any compensation or benefit earned by Executive as a result of employment by another employer, self-employment earnings or by retirement benefits
        following termination of his employment with the Company.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">5.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Covenants</u></font>. For and in consideration of the severance arrangements to be provided by the Company hereunder, Executive agrees that:</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Confidential Information</u></font>. Executive shall hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company all secret or confidential information, knowledge or data relating to the Company or any of its affiliated companies and
        their respective businesses, which shall have been obtained by Executive during Executive&#8217;s employment by the Company or any of its affiliated companies and which shall not be or become public knowledge. After termination of Executive&#8217;s employment
        with the Company or any of its affiliated companies, Executive shall not, without the prior written consent of the Company or as may otherwise be required by law or legal process, communicate or divulge any such information, knowledge or data to
        anyone other than the Company and those designated by it. The foregoing shall not apply to information that (i) was known to the public prior to its disclosure to Executive; (ii) becomes generally known to the public subsequent to disclosure to
        Executive through no wrongful act of Executive or any representative of Executive; (iii) is disclosed by Executive in the good faith performance of his duties hereunder; or (iv) Executive is required to disclose by applicable law, regulation or
        legal process.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">No Company policy or individual agreement between the Company and Executive (including this Agreement) shall prevent Executive from providing,
      without prior notice to the Company, information to government authorities regarding possible legal violations, participating in investigations, testifying in proceedings regarding the Company&#8217;s past or future conduct, engaging in any future
      activities protected under the whistleblower statutes administered by any government agency (e.g., EEOC, NLRB, SEC, etc.) or receiving a monetary award from a government-administered whistleblower award program for providing information directly to a
      government agency.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">5</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The U.S. Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 (&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>DTSA</u></font>&#8221;) provides that an
      individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that (A) is made in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official, either directly or
      indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. In
      addition, the DTSA provides that an individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation for reporting a suspected violation of law may disclose the trade secret to the attorney of the individual and use the trade secret information in the court
      proceeding, if the individual files any document containing the trade secret under seal and does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Company Property</u></font>. Except as expressly provided herein, promptly following Executive&#8217;s termination of employment, Executive shall return to the Company all property of the Company and all copies thereof in Executive&#8217;s
        possession or under Executive&#8217;s control.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Non-Competition</u></font>.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">&#160;</sup>While Executive is employed by the Company and for a period of one year after the date of Executive&#8217;s termination of employment with the Company for any reason, Executive will not, directly or
        indirectly, anywhere in which the Company operates and/or sells products and services: (i) act as an officer, manager, advisor, executive, shareholder, or consultant to any business set forth on <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;"><u>Exhibit A</u></font> to this Agreement or any of their subsidiaries, affiliates or successors (each such business, a &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Competitive Entity</u></font>&#8221;)


        in which his duties at or for such business include oversight of or actual involvement in providing services which are competitive with the services or products being provided or which are being produced or developed by the Company, or were under
        investigation by the Company within the last two years prior to the end of Executive&#8217;s employment with the Company (such services or products are collectively referred to herein as &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Services


            or Products</u></font>&#8221;), (ii) recruit investors on behalf of any Competitive Entity, or (iii) become employed by any Competitive Entity in any capacity which would require Executive to carry out, in whole or in part, the duties Executive has
        performed for the Company which are competitive with the Services or Products. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Executive may purchase or otherwise acquire up to (but not more than) 1% of any class of securities of any enterprise (but without
        otherwise participating in the activities of such enterprise) if such securities are listed on any national or regional securities exchange or have been registered under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Executive acknowledges
        that this restriction will prevent Executive from acting in any of the foregoing capacities for any Competitive Entity operating or conducting business within the area in which the Company operates and/or sells products and services and that this
        scope is reasonable in light of the business of the Company.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">6</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Non-Solicitation</u></font>. Executive agrees that for a period of one year following the termination of Executive&#8217;s employment with the Company for any reason, including without limitation termination for Cause or without Cause,
        Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit the business of, or do business with: (i) any customer that Executive approached, solicited or accepted business from on behalf of the Company, and/or was provided confidential or proprietary
        information about while employed by the Company within the one year period preceding Executive&#8217;s separation from the Company; and (ii) any prospective customer of the Company who was identified to or by Executive and/or whom Executive was provided
        confidential or proprietary information about while employed by the Company within the one year period preceding Executive&#8217;s separation from the Company, for purposes of marketing, selling and/or attempting to market or sell Services or Products.
        While Executive is employed by the Company and for a period of one year after the date of Executive&#8217;s termination of employment with the Company for any reason, Executive shall not (directly or indirectly), on his own behalf or on behalf of any
        other person or entity, solicit or induce, or cause any other person or entity to solicit or induce, or attempt to solicit or induce, any employee or consultant to leave the employ of or engagement by the Company or its successors, assigns or
        affiliates, or to violate the terms of their contracts with the Company.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(e)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Injunctive Relief and Other Remedies with Respect to Covenants</u></font>. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the covenants and obligations of Executive with respect to confidentiality and Company property relate to special,
        unique and extraordinary matters and that a violation of any of the terms of such covenants and obligations will cause the Company irreparable injury for which adequate remedies are not available at law. Therefore, Executive agrees that the Company
        shall (i) be entitled to pursue an injunction, restraining order or such other equitable relief (without the requirement to post bond) restraining Executive from committing any violation of the covenants and obligations contained in this Section 5
        and (ii) have no further obligation to make any payments to Executive hereunder following any finding by a court or an arbitrator that Executive has engaged in a material violation of the covenants and obligations contained in this Section 5. These
        remedies are cumulative and are in addition to any other rights and remedies the Company may have at law or in equity. The Company may withhold amounts otherwise payable to Executive and recoup amounts previously paid to Executive under this
        Agreement upon any violation of the provisions of this Section 5.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">6.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Successors</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Agreement is personal to Executive and without
        the prior written consent of the Company shall not be assignable by Executive otherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive&#8217;s legal representatives.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be
        binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Company will require any successor (whether
        direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company to assume expressly and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the
        Company would be required to perform it if no such succession had taken place. As used in this Agreement, &#8220;Company&#8221; shall mean the Company as hereinbefore defined and any successor to its business and/or assets as aforesaid which assumes and agrees
        to perform this Agreement by operation of law, or otherwise.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">7</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">7.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Code Section 409A</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The intent of the parties is that payments and
        benefits under this Agreement comply with, or be exempt from, Code Section 409A and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, this Agreement shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, if
        Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a &#8220;specified employee&#8221; within the meaning of that term under Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code, then with regard to any payment that is considered non-qualified deferred compensation under Code
        Section 409A payable on account of a &#8220;separation from service,&#8221; such payment or benefit shall be made or provided at the date which is the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six&#8209;month period measured from the date of such &#8220;separation from
        service&#8221; of Executive, and (ii) the date of Executive&#8217;s death (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Delay Period</u></font>&#8221;). Upon the expiration of the Delay Period, all payments and benefits delayed pursuant to
        this Section 7(b) (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this
        Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein. For purposes of Code Section 409A, Executive&#8217;s right to receive any installment payments pursuant to this Agreement shall be treated as a
        right to receive a series of separate and distinct payments. In no event may Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of any payment to be made under this Agreement that is considered nonqualified deferred compensation.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">With regard to any provision herein that provides for
        reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses
        eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year and (iii) such payments shall be made on or
        before the last day of Executive&#8217;s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">8.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Section
            280G</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Application of Section 8</u></font>. In the event that any amount or benefit paid or distributed to Executive pursuant to this Agreement, taken together with any amounts or benefits otherwise paid or distributed to Executive by the
        Company or any affiliated company (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Covered Payments</u></font>&#8221;), would be an &#8220;excess parachute payment&#8221; as defined in Section 280G of the Code and would thereby
        subject Executive to the tax (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Excise Tax</u></font>&#8221;) imposed under Section 4999 of the Code (or any similar tax that may hereafter be imposed), the provisions of this Section 8
        shall apply to determine the amounts payable to Executive pursuant to this Agreement.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Calculation of Benefits</u></font>. Immediately following notice to Executive of any termination of employment by the Company other than for Cause, death or Disability or notice from Executive of any termination of employment for Good
        Reason, the Company shall notify Executive of the aggregate present value of all termination benefits to which Executive would be entitled under this Agreement and any other plan, program or arrangement as of the projected Date of Termination,
        together with the projected maximum payments, determined as of such projected Date of Termination, that could be paid without Executive being subject to the Excise Tax.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">8</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Imposition of Payment Cap</u></font>. If (i) the aggregate value of the Accrued Obligations, continuation of benefits and other amounts to be paid or provided to Executive under this Agreement and any other plan, agreement or
        arrangement with the Company exceeds the amount which can be paid to Executive without Executive incurring an Excise Tax and (ii) Executive would receive a greater net-after-tax amount (taking into account all applicable taxes payable by Executive,
        including any Excise Tax) by applying the limitation contained in this Section 8(c), then such amounts payable to Executive under this Section 8 shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount which may be paid hereunder without
        Executive becoming subject to such an Excise Tax (such reduced payments to be referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Payment Cap</u></font>&#8221;). In the event that Executive receives reduced payments and
        benefits pursuant to the previous sentence, Executive shall have the right to designate, to the extent consistent with Code Section 409A, which of the payments and benefits otherwise provided for in this Agreement that Executive will receive in
        connection with the application of the Payment Cap.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Application of Section 280G</u></font>. For purposes of determining whether any of the Covered Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax,</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(i)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">such Covered Payments will be
        treated as &#8220;parachute payments&#8221; within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and all &#8220;parachute payments&#8221; in excess of the &#8220;base amount&#8221; (as defined under Section 280G(b)(3) of the Code) shall be treated as subject to the Excise Tax, unless, and
        except to the extent that, in the good faith judgment of the Company&#8217;s independent certified public accountants or tax counsel selected by such accountants (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Accountants</u></font>&#8221;),


        the Company has a reasonable basis to conclude that such Covered Payments (in whole or in part) either do not constitute &#8220;parachute payments&#8221; or represent reasonable compensation for personal services actually rendered (within the meaning of
        Section 280G(b)(4)(B) of the Code) in excess of the &#8220;base amount,&#8221; or such &#8220;parachute payments&#8221; are otherwise not subject to such Excise Tax, and</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(ii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">the value of any non-cash
        benefits or any deferred payment or benefit shall be determined by the Accountants in accordance with the principles of Section 280G of the Code.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(e)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">For purposes of determining whether Executive would
        receive a greater net-after-tax benefit were the amounts payable under this Agreement reduced in accordance with Section 8(c), Executive shall be deemed to pay:</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(i)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Federal income taxes at the
        highest applicable marginal rate of Federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the first amounts are to be paid hereunder, and</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(ii)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">any applicable state and local
        income taxes at the highest applicable marginal rate of taxation for such calendar year, net of the maximum reduction in Federal income taxes which could be obtained from the deduction of such state or local taxes if paid in such year;</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">9</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 108pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>provided</u></font>, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>however</u></font>, that Executive may request that such determination be made based on Executive&#8217;s individual tax circumstances, which shall govern such determination so long as Executive provides to the Accountants such information
      and documents as the Accountants shall reasonably request to determine such individual circumstances.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(f)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">If Executive receives reduced payments and benefits
        under this Section 8 (or this Section 8 is determined not to be applicable to Executive because the Accountants conclude that Executive is not subject to any Excise Tax), and it is established pursuant to a final determination of a court or an
        Internal Revenue Service proceeding (a &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Final Determination</u></font>&#8221;) that, notwithstanding the good faith of Executive and the Company in applying the terms of this Agreement,
        the aggregate &#8220;parachute payments&#8221; within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code paid to Executive or for Executive&#8217;s benefit are in an amount that would result in Executive being subject to an Excise Tax, then Executive shall have an obligation
        to repay to the Company on the fifth day following the Final Determination the amount equal to such excess parachute payments, together with interest on such amount at the applicable Federal rate (as defined in Section 1274(d) of the Code) from the
        date of the payment hereunder to the date of repayment by Executive. If this Section 8 is not applied to reduce Executive&#8217;s entitlements under this Section 8 because the Accountants determine that Executive would not receive a greater net-after-tax
        benefit by applying this Section 8 and it is established pursuant to a Final Determination that, notwithstanding the good faith of Executive and the Company in applying the terms of this Agreement, Executive would have received a greater
        net&#8209;after&#8209;tax benefit by subjecting Executive&#8217;s payments and benefits hereunder to the Payment Cap, Executive shall have an obligation to repay to the Company on the fifth day following the Final Determination the aggregate &#8220;parachute payments&#8221;
        paid to Executive or for Executive&#8217;s benefit in excess of the Payment Cap, together with interest on such amount at the applicable Federal rate (as defined in Section 1274(d) of the Code) from the date of the payment hereunder to the date of
        repayment by Executive. If Executive receives reduced payments and benefits by reason of this Section 8 and it is established pursuant to a Final Determination that Executive could have received a greater amount without exceeding the Payment Cap,
        then the Company shall pay Executive the aggregate additional amount which could have been paid without exceeding the Payment Cap on the fifth day following the Final Determination, together with interest on such amount at the applicable Federal
        rate (as defined in Section 1274(d) of the Code) from the original payment due date to the date of actual payment by the Company.</font></div>
    <div>&#160; <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">9.</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>Miscellaneous</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in
        accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, without reference to principles of conflict of laws. The captions of this Agreement are not part of the provisions hereof and shall have no force or effect. This Agreement may not be
        amended or modified otherwise than by a written agreement executed by the parties hereto or their respective successors and legal representatives.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">10</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">All notices and other communications hereunder shall
        be in writing and shall be given by hand delivery to the other party or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="zb66ba78bf42d464f8454b9c8c77e10d2" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 90pt; vertical-align: top;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>If to Executive</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">:</font></td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">At the most recent address on file at the Company.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="z04067a9121ce4c5c87ff02070762239c" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 36pt;"><br>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90pt; vertical-align: top;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>If to the Company</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">:</font></td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 126pt;">30 Isabella Street</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 126pt;">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 126pt;">Attention: General Counsel</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">or to such other address as either party shall have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith. Notice and communications shall be effective when actually
      received by the addressee.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(c)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision
        of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates may
        withhold from any amounts payable under this Agreement such Federal, state, local or foreign taxes or social security charges as shall be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(e)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Agreement may be executed in several
        counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(f)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Executive&#8217;s or the Company&#8217;s failure to insist upon
        strict compliance with any provision of this Agreement or the failure to assert any right Executive or the Company may have hereunder shall not be deemed to be a waiver of such provision or right or any other provision or right of this Agreement.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(g)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Any controversy or claim between Executive and the
        Company arising out of or relating to or concerning this Agreement or any aspect of Executive&#8217;s employment with the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates, or the termination of that employment shall be finally settled by binding arbitration in
        Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, administered by the American Arbitration Association under its Rules for the Resolution of Employment Disputes; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>provided</u></font>, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>however</u></font>, that with respect to any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to or concerning injunctive relief for Executive&#8217;s breach or purported breach of Section 5 of
        this Agreement, the Company shall have the right, in addition to any other remedies it may have, to seek specific performance and injunctive relief with a court of competent jurisdiction, without the need to post a bond or other security. The
        arbitrator shall only have authority to award reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees and costs to a party who is awarded money damages in connection with an arbitrated claim.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(h)</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the
        parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein, and supersedes all prior agreements, promises, covenants, arrangements, communications, representations or warranties (other than the Continuation Agreement), whether oral or
        written, by any officer, employee or representative of any party hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Agreement is intended to affect any contractual rights between Executive and
        General Electric Company or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, future successors or assigns.</font></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">[<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Remainder of page intentionally left blank.</font>]</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">11</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Executive and the Company have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z728af39bfd0d45a49c5ae1314a3f5162" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">RAFAEL SANTANA</div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="2" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%;" colspan="1" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Rafael Santana</div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 30%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="3" rowspan="1">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="2" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%;" colspan="1" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Scott E. Wahlstrom</div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Name:</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 30%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Scott E. Wahlstrom</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Title:</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 30%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Executive Vice President, Human Resources</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div id="DSPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">12</font></div>
      <div id="DSPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><u>Exhibit A</u></div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Competitive Entities</div>
    <div>&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18pt;"><br>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">1.</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">CRRC</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div>&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="z6e5fb75069964261a241b42aefd3b663" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>wab-20200506_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6607786800">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 06, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May  06,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">033-90866<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">25-1615902<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">30 Isabella Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Pittsburgh<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">PA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">15212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">412<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">825-1000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000943452<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">WAB<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
