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SEGMENT INFORMATION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENT INFORMATION SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments—the Freight Segment and the Transit Segment. The key factors used to identify these reportable segments are the organization and alignment of the Company’s internal operations, the nature of the products and services and customer type. The Company’s business segments are:
Freight Segment builds, rebuilds, upgrades, and overhauls locomotives, services locomotives and freight cars, and provides a range of component and digital solutions for customers in the freight and transit rail, mining, and marine industries. It also manufactures and services components for new and existing freight cars and locomotives, supplies railway electronics, positive train control equipment, signal design and engineering services, maintenance of way, and provides heat exchange and cooling systems for locomotives and power generation equipment. Customers include large, publicly traded railroads, leasing companies, manufacturers of original equipment such as locomotives and freight cars, and utilities, and also serves companies in the mining, marine, and industrial markets. We refer to sales of both goods, such as spare parts and equipment upgrades, and related services, such as monitoring, maintenance and repairs, as sales in our Services product line.
Transit Segment primarily manufactures and services components for new and existing passenger transit vehicles, typically regional trains, high speed trains, subway cars, light-rail vehicles and buses. It also refurbishes subway cars and provides heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment and doors for buses and subway cars. Customers include public transit authorities and municipalities, leasing companies and manufacturers of subway cars and buses around the world.
The Company evaluates its business segments’ operating results based on income from operations. Intersegment sales are accounted for at prices that are generally established by reference to similar transactions with unaffiliated customers. Corporate activities include general corporate expenses, elimination of intersegment transactions, interest income and expense and other unallocated charges.
Segment financial information for 2023 is as follows:    
In millionsFreight SegmentTransit SegmentCorporate Activities and EliminationTotal
Sales to external customers$6,962 $2,715 $— $9,677 
Intersegment sales/(elimination)60 41 (101)— 
Total sales$7,022 $2,756 $(101)$9,677 
Income (loss) from operations$1,071 $289 $(94)$1,266 
Interest expense and other, net— — (174)(174)
Income (loss) before income taxes$1,071 $289 $(268)$1,092 
Depreciation and amortization$443 $71 $17 $531 
Capital expenditures$120 $57 $9 $186 
Segment assets$24,674 $5,099 $(10,785)$18,988 
Segment financial information for 2022 is as follows:
In millionsFreight SegmentTransit SegmentCorporate Activities and EliminationTotal
Sales to external customers$6,012 $2,350 $— $8,362 
Intersegment sales/(elimination)51 31 (82)— 
Total sales$6,063 $2,381 $(82)$8,362 
Income (loss) from operations$864 $231 $(84)$1,011 
Interest expense and other, net— — (157)(157)
Income (loss) before income taxes$864 $231 $(241)$854 
Depreciation and amortization$399 $60 $20 $479 
Capital expenditures$87 $54 $8 $149 
Segment assets$21,118 $5,116 $(7,718)$18,516 

Segment financial information for 2021 is as follows:
In millionsFreight SegmentTransit SegmentCorporate Activities and EliminationTotal
Sales to external customers$5,239 $2,583 $— $7,822 
Intersegment sales/(elimination)48 33 (81)— 
Total sales$5,287 $2,616 $(81)$7,822 
Income (loss) from operations$717 $238 $(79)$876 
Interest expense and other, net— — (139)(139)
Income (loss) before income taxes$717 $238 $(218)$737 
Depreciation and amortization$405 $70 $16 $491 
Capital expenditures$79 $48 $3 $130 
The following geographic area data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, includes net sales based on product shipment destination and long-lived assets, which consist of property, plant and equipment, net of depreciation, resident in their respective countries:
Net SalesLong-Lived Assets
In millions20232022202120232022
United States$4,553 $3,734 $3,321 $948 $956 
Canada531 454 462 7 5 
Mexico347 287 220 23 21 
North America5,431 4,475 4,003 978 982 
South America346 336 301 47 37 
Germany347 339 383 54 59 
France346 273 286 58 52 
United Kingdom248 213 300 44 40 
Italy183 163 196 37 33 
Other Europe520 458 515 60 52 
Europe1,644 1,446 1,680 253 236 
India593 531 531 122 131 
Australia / New Zealand451 465 386 15 8 
China286 244 228 28 29 
Kazakhstan / Russia / CIS457 399 412 39 3 
Other Asia / Middle East240 183 177 — — 
Egypt120 164 32 — — 
Other Africa109 119 72 3 3 
Total$9,677 $8,362 $7,822 $1,485 $1,429 
Net sales to external customers by product line are as follows:
In millions202320222021
Freight Segment:
Services$3,262 $2,819 $2,430 
Equipment1,770 1,528 1,302 
Components1,157 936 867 
Digital Intelligence773 729 640 
Total Freight Segment sales$6,962 $6,012 $5,239 
Transit Segment:
Original Equipment Manufacturer$1,235 $1,095 $1,193 
Aftermarket1,480 1,255 1,390 
Total Transit Segment sales$2,715 $2,350 $2,583