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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
____________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 033-90866
____________________________________
WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES
CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________

Delaware | 25-1615902
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
30 Isabella Street Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 15212
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

412-825-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
____________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share | WAB | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of October 17, 2025, there were 170,957,186 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the registrant outstanding.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
September 30, 2025
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
| PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements - (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 29
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 48
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 48
| PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 49
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 49
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceed s | 49
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 49
Item 5. | Other Information | 49
Item 6. | Exhibits | 50
| Signatures | 51

2

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| Unaudited |  |
In millions, except par value | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Assets |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Accounts receivable | 1,662 |  |  | 1,152 |
Unbilled accounts receivable | 536 |  |  | 550 |
Inventories, net | 2,747 |  |  | 2,314 |
Other current assets | 315 |  |  | 212 |
Total current assets | 5,788 |  |  | 4,943 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,534 |  |  | 1,447 |
Goodwill | 9,853 |  |  | 8,710 |
Other intangible assets, net | 3,546 |  |  | 2,934 |
Other noncurrent assets | 806 |  |  | 668 |
Total noncurrent assets | 15,739 |  |  | 13,759 |
Total Assets | $ | 21,527 |  |  | $ | 18,702 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1,429 |  |  | $ | 1,300 |
Customer deposits | 940 |  |  | 693 |
Accrued compensation | 424 |  |  | 425 |
Accrued warranty | 261 |  |  | 248 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 251 |  |  | 500 |
Other accrued liabilities | 759 |  |  | 626 |
Total current liabilities | 4,064 |  |  | 3,792 |
Long-term debt | 5,034 |  |  | 3,480 |
Accrued postretirement and pension benefits | 64 |  |  | 58 |
Deferred income taxes | 553 |  |  | 376 |
Other long-term liabilities | 717 |  |  | 863 |
Total Liabilities | 10,432 |  |  | 8,569 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 500.0 shares authorized; 171.9 shares issued and 170.9 outstanding at September 30, 2025; 226.9 shares issued and 171.3 outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Additional paid-in capital | 8,047 |  |  | 8,023 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 1.0 and 55.6 shares, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | (115) |  |  | (3,273) |
Retained earnings | 3,719 |  |  | 6,185 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (604) |  |  | (846) |
Total Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation shareholders’ equity | 11,048 |  |  | 10,091 |
Noncontrolling interest | 47 |  |  | 42 |
Total Equity | 11,095 |  |  | 10,133 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 21,527 |  |  | $ | 18,702 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
3

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

| Unaudited |  | Unaudited
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions, except per share data | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of goods | $ | 2,425 |  |  | $ | 2,171 |  |  | $ | 6,808 |  |  | $ | 6,323 |
Sales of services | 461 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 1,481 |
Total net sales | 2,886 |  |  | 2,663 |  |  | 8,202 |  |  | 7,804 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods | (1,617) |  |  | (1,512) |  |  | (4,548) |  |  | (4,413) |
Cost of services | (267) |  |  | (271) |  |  | (814) |  |  | (822) |
Total cost of sales | (1,884) |  |  | (1,783) |  |  | (5,362) |  |  | (5,235) |
Gross profit | 1,002 |  |  | 880 |  |  | 2,840 |  |  | 2,569 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (375) |  |  | (318) |  |  | (1,029) |  |  | (915) |
Engineering expenses | (59) |  |  | (50) |  |  | (155) |  |  | (155) |
Amortization expense | (77) |  |  | (79) |  |  | (219) |  |  | (224) |
Total operating expenses | (511) |  |  | (447) |  |  | (1,403) |  |  | (1,294) |
Income from operations | 491 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 1,275 |
Other income and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (65) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (157) |  |  | (148) |
Other (expense) income, net | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 21 |  |  | (1) |
Income before income taxes | 425 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 1,126 |
Income tax expense | (112) |  |  | (92) |  |  | (322) |  |  | (272) |
Net income | 313 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 854 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (3) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (10) |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 844 |
Earnings Per Common Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  | $ | 4.81 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 5.64 |  |  | $ | 4.80 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 170.5 |  |  | 173.4 |  |  | 170.5 |  |  | 175.1 |
Diluted | 171.1 |  |  | 174.1 |  |  | 171.2 |  |  | 175.7 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
4

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Unaudited |  | Unaudited
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 844 |
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain | (44) |  |  | 114 |  |  | 238 |  |  | (23) |
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 7 |  |  | 11 |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax | (42) |  |  | 113 |  |  | 243 |  |  | (15) |
Income tax expense related to components of other comprehensive income | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (43) |  |  | 113 |  |  | 242 |  |  | (17) |
Comprehensive income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 827 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
5

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Unaudited
| Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 854 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 365 |  |  | 375 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 58 |  |  | 44 |
Gain on mark-to-market derivatives | (30) |  |  | — |
Below market intangible amortization | (36) |  |  | (34) |
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled accounts receivable | (368) |  |  | (92) |
Inventories | (228) |  |  | (115) |
Accounts payable | 76 |  |  | 87 |
Accrued income taxes | 67 |  |  | 33 |
Current and noncurrent customer deposits | 1 |  |  | (87) |
Other accrued liabilities | (24) |  |  | 61 |
Other operating activities | (95) |  |  | (17) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 767 |  |  | 1,111 |
Investing Activities |  |  |
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | (1,755) |  |  | (13) |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (138) |  |  | (123) |
Proceeds from dispositions of businesses | 3 |  |  | 17 |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | 3 |  |  | 13 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (1,887) |  |  | (106) |
Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | 3,857 |  |  | 1,872 |
Payments of debt | (2,622) |  |  | (1,934) |
Repurchase of stock | (148) |  |  | (974) |
Cash dividends | (130) |  |  | (106) |
Payment of contingent consideration | — |  |  | (42) |
Payment of income tax withholding on share-based compensation | (39) |  |  | (24) |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Other financing activities | (5) |  |  | 5 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 907 |  |  | (1,209) |
Effect of changes in currency exchange rates | 26 |  |  | (6) |
Decrease in cash | (187) |  |  | (210) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 715 |  |  | 620 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 410 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
6

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

In millions |  | Common Stock Shares |  | Common Stock Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock Shares |  | Treasury Stock Amount |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Non-controlling Interest |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  | 226.9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 8,023 |  |  | (55.6) |  |  | $ | (3,273) |  |  | $ | 6,185 |  |  | $ | (846) |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |
Cash dividends ($0.25 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34) |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 322 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 327 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Stock repurchase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (98) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (98) |
Treasury stock retirement |  | (55.0) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 55.0 |  |  | 3,305 |  |  | (3,304) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, March 31, 2025 |  | 171.9 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8,009 |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | $ | (69) |  |  | $ | 3,160 |  |  | $ | (733) |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 10,414 |
Cash dividends ($0.25 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 339 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |
Stock repurchase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (50) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |
Balance, June 30, 2025 |  | 171.9 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8,025 |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | $ | (116) |  |  | $ | 3,452 |  |  | $ | (561) |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 10,845 |
Cash dividends ($0.25 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 313 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |
Balance, September 30, 2025 |  | 171.9 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8,047 |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | 3,719 |  |  | $ | (604) |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 11,095 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
7

In millions |  | Common Stock Shares |  | Common Stock Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock Shares |  | Treasury Stock Amount |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Non-controlling Interest |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  | 226.9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7,977 |  |  | (49.1) |  |  | $ | (2,171) |  |  | $ | 5,269 |  |  | $ | (590) |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 10,524 |
Cash dividends ($0.20 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20) |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 277 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (77) |  |  | — |  |  | (77) |
Stock repurchase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (176) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (176) |
Balance, March 31, 2024 |  | 226.9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7,967 |  |  | (50.1) |  |  | $ | (2,345) |  |  | $ | 5,505 |  |  | $ | (667) |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 10,504 |
Cash dividends ($0.20 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 291 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53) |  |  | — |  |  | (53) |
Stock repurchase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (202) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (202) |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Balance, June 30, 2024 |  | 226.9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7,981 |  |  | (51.3) |  |  | $ | (2,545) |  |  | $ | 5,759 |  |  | $ | (720) |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 10,520 |
Cash dividends ($0.20 dividend per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |
Proceeds from treasury stock issued from the exercise of stock options and other benefit plans, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Stock based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 283 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 286 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Stock repurchase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (605) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (605) |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |
Balance, September 30, 2024 |  | 226.9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7,999 |  |  | (55.0) |  |  | $ | (3,151) |  |  | $ | 6,007 |  |  | $ | (607) |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 10,291 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
8

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025 (UNAUDITED)
1. BUSINESS
Except as the context otherwise requires, all references to “we”, “our”, “us”, the “Company” and “Wabtec” refer to Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Parent Company” refer to Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation alone. Wabtec is a global provider of value-added, technology-based locomotives, equipment, systems, and services for the freight rail and passenger transit industries, as well as the mining, marine and industrial markets. Our highly engineered products, which are intended to enhance safety, improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for customers, can be found on most locomotives, freight cars, passenger transit cars and buses around the world. Our core products and services are essential in the safe and efficient operation of freight rail, passenger transit vehicles and other modes of transportation. Wabtec is a global company with operations in over 50 countries and our products can be found in more than 100 countries throughout the world. In the first nine months of 2025, approximately half of the Company’s Net sales came from customers outside the United States.
2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and include the accounts of Wabtec and its subsidiaries in which Wabtec has a controlling interest. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. In Management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified, where necessary, to conform to the current year presentation.
Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year, particularly in light of ongoing volatility in the macroeconomic environment caused by supply chain disruptions, labor availability, broad-based inflation, tariffs and trade negotiations, and the impacts from regional conflicts. These factors continue to impact our sales channels, supply chain, manufacturing operations, workforce, and other key aspects of our operations. We are unable to reasonably predict the full impact of these factors due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding their duration and severity, their potential impact on global economic activity, and the impact that current and new sanctions and tariffs may have on our business, global supply chain operations and our customers, suppliers, and end-markets.
The Company operates on a four-four-five week accounting quarter, and the quarters end on or about March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31.
The notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Wabtec’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The December 31, 2024 information included herein has been derived from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from the estimates. On an ongoing basis, Management reviews its estimates based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates.
Revenue Recognition A majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time when control passes to the customer. The remaining revenues are earned over time. Generally, for performance obligations satisfied at a point in time control passes at the time of shipment in accordance with agreed upon delivery terms.
The Company also has long-term customer agreements involving the design and production of highly engineered products that require revenue to be recognized over time because these products have no alternative use without significant economic loss, and the agreements contain an enforceable right to payment including a reasonable profit margin from the customer in the event of contract termination. Additionally, the Company has customer agreements involving the creation or enhancement of an asset that the customer controls which also require revenue to be recognized over time. Generally, the Company uses an input method for determining the amount of revenue, cost and gross margin to recognize over time for these customer agreements. The input methods used for these agreements include costs of material and labor, both of which give an accurate representation of the progress made toward complete satisfaction of a particular performance obligation. The Company may also use the output method which recognizes revenue based on direct measurements of the value transferred to the customer. Contract revenues and cost estimates are reviewed and revised periodically throughout the year and adjustments are reflected in the accounting period as such amounts are determined.
9

Due to the nature of work required to be performed on the Company’s long-term projects, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Contract estimates related to long-term projects are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that could span several years. These assumptions include cost of materials; labor availability and productivity; complexity of the work to be performed; and the performance of suppliers, customers and subcontractors that may be associated with the contract. We have a disciplined process where Management reviews the progress of long term-projects periodically throughout the year. As part of this process, Management reviews information including key contract matters, progress towards completion, identified risks and opportunities and any other information that could impact the Company’s estimates of revenue and costs. After completing this analysis, any adjustments to net sales, cost of goods sold, and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known.
Generally, the Company’s revenue contains a single performance obligation for each distinct good or service; however, a single contract may have multiple performance obligations comprising multiple promises to customers. When there are multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated based on the relative stand-alone selling price. Pricing is defined in our contracts on a line item basis and includes an estimate of variable consideration when required by the terms of the individual customer contract. Types of variable consideration the Company typically has include volume discounts, prompt payment discounts, price escalation clauses, liquidating damages, and performance bonuses. Sales returns and allowances are also estimated and recognized in the same period the related revenue is recognized, based upon the Company’s experience and future expectations.
Remaining performance obligations represent the allocated transaction price of unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. As of September 30, 2025, the Company's remaining performance obligations were approximately $25.6 billion. The Company expects to recognize revenue of approximately 32% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Revolving Receivables Program Effective January 1, 2025, the Company utilizes its Revolving Receivables Program to request borrowings from a financial institution against certain collateralized receivables for up to $350 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company amended the Revolving Receivables Program to increase its availability from $350 million to up to $450 million. The Company and certain of its subsidiaries (the "Originators") contribute receivables to our bankruptcy-remote subsidiary, which can then be collateralized on a recurring basis. As customers pay their balances, we transfer additional receivables into the program. Borrowings and repayments under the Revolving Receivables Program are classified as Financing activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, with any outstanding collateralized balance at period end classified as debt on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Prior to January 1, 2025, the Company utilized its Revolving Receivables Program to sell up to $350 million of certain receivables from the Originators. Receivables were sold to a financial institution on a recurring basis in exchange for cash equal to the gross receivables sold. Proceeds and remittances of receivables sold under the program prior to January 1, 2025, are classified as Operating activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
The bankruptcy remote subsidiary is a separate legal entity with its own creditors, and its assets are not available to pay creditors of the Company or any other affiliates of the Company. The receivables transferred to the program are fully guaranteed by our bankruptcy-remote subsidiary, which holds additional receivables that are pledged as collateral under this facility. The Company has agreed to guarantee the performance of the Originators' respective obligations under the revolving agreement. Neither the Company (except for the bankruptcy-remote consolidated subsidiary referenced above) nor the Originators guarantees the collectability of the receivables under the revolving agreements.
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the bankruptcy-remote subsidiary held receivables of $723 million and $693 million, respectively, which are included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The receivables held by the bankruptcy-remote subsidiary collateralize the outstanding receivables sold and outstanding borrowings. There were outstanding borrowings of $200 million at September 30, 2025 and no outstanding receivables sold at December 31, 2024. The transfers are recorded at the fair value of the proceeds received and obligations assumed less derecognized receivables, if applicable. Our maximum exposure to losses related to these receivables transferred to the program is limited to the amount outstanding.
The following table sets forth a summary of receivables used as collateral for requested borrowings and the resulting impact of net cash proceeds included in cash from financing activities. There were no receivables sold under the program during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

In millions | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Gross receivables collateralized/cash borrowings received | $ | 800 |
Customer collections remitted to financial institution | (600) |
Net cash proceeds received | $ | 200 |

10

The following table sets forth a summary of receivables sold and the resulting impact of net cash proceeds included in cash from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

In millions | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Gross receivables sold/cash proceeds received | $ | 926 |
Customer collections remitted to financial institution | (851) |
Net cash proceeds received | $ | 75 |

Restricted Cash At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company classified cash of $28 million and $9 million, respectively, as restricted, primarily for cash held in escrow related to acquisitions.
Depreciation Expense Depreciation of property, plant and equipment related to the manufacturing of products or services provided is included in Cost of goods or Cost of services. Depreciation of other property, plant and equipment that is not attributable to the manufacturing of products or services provided is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses or Engineering expenses to the extent the property, plant, and equipment is used for research and development purposes.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Other intangibles (with definite lives) are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Amortizable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at the reporting unit level and at least annually. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter after the annual forecasting process is completed, and also tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company will perform either a qualitative or quantitative test for goodwill, performing a quantitative test for each identified reporting unit at least every three years. Periodically, Management of the Company assesses whether or not an indicator of impairment is present that would necessitate an impairment analysis be performed. No impairment indicators were identified during the current quarter.
Accounting Standards Recently Issued In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this update require entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain costs and expenses in commonly presented income statement expense captions. The amendments will require increased interim and annual footnote disclosures either prospectively or retrospectively for reporting periods presented in interim and annual company filings. The amendments in this update do not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of income statement expenses and will be effective for Wabtec's annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2027 and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2028. The Company is assessing the extent of the impact of the amendments on its future filings.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments in this update remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages to improve the operability of the guidance to different software development methods. The amendments in this update will be effective for Wabtec's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2028. The Company is assessing the extent of the impact of the amendments on its future filings.
Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update require entities to disclose on an annual basis specific categories within the income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update also require enhanced disaggregation of disclosures about income taxes paid and income tax expense, among other changes. The amendments in this update do not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of income taxes and are effective for Wabtec's annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2025. The amendments require increased annual disclosures on current and comparable reporting periods presented in annual company filings. The resulting new annual disclosure requirements will be reflected in our 2025 report on Form 10-K.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive (loss) income comprises both Net income and Other comprehensive (loss) income resulting from the change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.
11

The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, including any tax impacts, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

| Foreign currency translation |  | Derivative contracts |  | Pension and postretirement benefit plans |  | Total
In millions | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024
Balance at June 30 | $ | (536) |  | $ | (678) |  |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (47) |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | (561) |  | $ | (720) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (44) |  | 114 |  |  | — |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | (43) |  | 113 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | (580) |  | $ | (564) |  |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (46) |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | (604) |  | $ | (607) |

The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, including any tax impacts, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

| Foreign currency translation |  | Derivative contracts |  | Pension and postretirement benefit plans |  | Total
In millions | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024
Balance at beginning of year | $ | (818) |  | $ | (541) |  |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (45) |  | $ | (56) |  |  | $ | (846) |  | $ | (590) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 238 |  | (23) |  |  | 6 |  | 9 |  |  | (2) |  | — |  |  | 242 |  | (14) |
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  |  | (1) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | (3) |  |  | — |  | (3) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 238 |  | (23) |  |  | 5 |  | 9 |  |  | (1) |  | (3) |  |  | 242 |  | (17) |
Balance at end of period | $ | (580) |  | $ | (564) |  |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (46) |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | (604) |  | $ | (607) |

Amounts included under Derivative contracts related to interest rate hedges reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are recognized in "Interest expense, net" with the tax impact recognized in "Income tax expense" on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. All other amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are recognized in "Other income, net" with the tax impact recognized in "Income tax expense" on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Treasury Stock During the first quarter of 2025, we retired 55 million shares of treasury stock. The retirement of treasury stock is recognized as a deduction from common stock for the shares' par value and any excess over par as a deduction from retained earnings.
Supply Chain Financing Program The Company has entered into supply chain financing arrangements with third-party financial institutions to provide our vendors with enhanced payment options while providing the Company with added working capital flexibility. The Company does not provide any guarantees under these arrangements, does not have an economic interest in our suppliers' voluntary participation, does not receive an economic benefit from the financial institutions, and no assets are pledged under the arrangements. The arrangements do not change the payable terms negotiated by the Company and our vendors, which range between net 30 and net 180 days, and does not result in a change in the classification of amounts due as Accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Suppliers utilized the program to accelerate receipt of payment from these financial institutions for $301 million and $311 million of the Company's outstanding Accounts payable as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The supplier invoices included under the program require payment in full to the financial institutions consistent with the Company’s normal terms and conditions as agreed upon with the vendor.
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3. ACQUISITIONS
On July 1, 2025, Wabtec acquired 100% ownership in Evident’s Inspection Technologies division ("Inspection Technologies") for approximately $1.788 billion. Inspection Technologies was formerly part of the Scientific Solutions Division of Olympus Corporation, a global leader in Non-Destructive Testing, Remote Visual Inspection and Analytical Instruments solutions for mission critical assets. Inspection Technologies’ leading industry presence and innovative product portfolio is expected to significantly expand Wabtec's capabilities, adding advanced automated inspection capabilities, driving technology in a space where data acquisition, analytics and automation are critical. Inspection Technologies reports within the Digital Intelligence product line of the Freight Segment. The acquisition was funded with a combination of cash on hand, proceeds from the 2035 Notes, and borrowings under other sources of available liquidity.
The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of the Inspection Technologies assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

In millions |
Assets acquired |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 44 |
Accounts receivable | 73 |
Inventory | 144 |
Other current assets | 8 |
Property, plant and equipment | 59 |
Goodwill | 932 |
Other intangible assets | 734 |
Other noncurrent assets | 37 |
Total assets acquired | 2,031 |
Liabilities assumed |
Current liabilities | 64 |
Noncurrent liabilities | 179 |
Total liabilities assumed | 243 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 1,788 |

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined using the income, cost and market approaches. Discounted cash flow models were used to estimate the fair values of acquired intangible assets. The fair value measurements were primarily based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Intangible assets acquired include customer relationships and acquired technology that are subject to amortization, and trade names that were assigned an indefinite life and are not subject to amortization. Contingent liabilities assumed as part of the transaction were not material. These estimates are preliminary in nature and subject to adjustments, which could be material as the Company has not completed its valuation of acquired assets and liabilities. Any necessary adjustments will be finalized within one year from the date of acquisition.
Goodwill was calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and represents the assembled workforce and the future economic benefits, including synergies, that are expected to be achieved as a result of the acquisition. Approximately half of the purchased goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The pro forma impact on Wabtec’s sales and results of operations, including the pro forma effect of events that are directly attributable to the acquisition, was not significant.
Also during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Freight Segment completed two additional acquisitions which were individually and collectively immaterial.
On July 7, 2025, Wabtec announced a definitive agreement to acquire Frauscher Sensor Technology Group GmbH ("Frauscher"), a global market leader in train detection, wayside object control solutions and axle counting systems for approximately €675 million.
On March 18, 2025, Wabtec announced a definitive agreement to acquire Dellner Couplers, a global leader in highly engineered safety-critical train connection systems and services for passenger rail rolling stock, for approximately €890 million.
Both announced transactions are subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. Transaction costs related to the completed and announced acquisitions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were approximately $9 million and $44 million, respectively, and are included in Selling, general, and administrative expenses.
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During 2024, the Company made four strategic acquisitions for a combined purchase price of approximately $168 million, net of cash acquired. Two of the acquisitions are reported in the Transit Segment, one is reported in the Digital Intelligence product line of the Freight Segment and one is reported in the Components product line of the Freight Segment. Each of the acquisitions in 2024 were individually and collectively immaterial.
4. INVENTORIES
The components of inventory, net of reserves, were:

In millions | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Raw materials | $ | 1,128 |  |  | $ | 977 |
Work-in-progress | 826 |  |  | 587 |
Finished goods | 793 |  |  | 750 |
Total inventories | $ | 2,747 |  |  | $ | 2,314 |

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment is as follows:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 7,248 |  |  | $ | 1,462 |  |  | $ | 8,710 |
Additions/adjustments | 949 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |
Foreign currency impact | 14 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 194 |
Balance at September 30, 2025 | $ | 8,211 |  |  | $ | 1,642 |  |  | $ | 9,853 |

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s trade names had a net carrying amount of $788 million and $595 million, respectively. The Company believes these intangibles have indefinite lives, with the exception of the right to use the GE Transportation trade name, to which the Company had assigned a useful life of 5 years and became fully amortized in the first quarter of 2024.
Intangible assets of the Company, other than goodwill and trade names, consist of the following:

|  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
In millions |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Backlog |  | $ | 1,312 |  |  | $ | (591) |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | (629) |  |  | $ | 786 |
Customer relationships |  | 1,780 |  |  | (537) |  |  | 1,243 |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | (480) |  |  | 849 |
Acquired technology |  | 1,495 |  |  | (701) |  |  | 794 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | (614) |  |  | 704 |
Total |  | $ | 4,587 |  |  | $ | (1,829) |  |  | $ | 2,758 |  |  | $ | 4,062 |  |  | $ | (1,723) |  |  | $ | 2,339 |

At September 30, 2025, the weighted average remaining useful lives of backlog, customer relationships and acquired technology were 8 years, 16 years and 7 years, respectively. The backlog intangible asset primarily consists of in-place long-term service agreements acquired by the Company in conjunction with the acquisition of GE Transportation. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $77 million and $219 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $79 million and $224 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Amortization expense for the five succeeding years is estimated to be as follows:

In millions |
Remainder of 2025 | $ | 79 |
2026 | $ | 310 |
2027 | $ | 306 |
2028 | $ | 304 |
2029 | $ | 303 |

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6. CONTRACT ASSETS AND CONTRACT LIABILITIES
Contract assets include unbilled amounts resulting from sales under long-term contracts where revenue is recognized over time and revenue exceeds the amount that can be billed to the customer based on the terms of the contract. The current portion of the contract assets are classified as current assets under the caption “Unbilled accounts receivable” while the noncurrent contract assets are classified as other assets under the caption "Other noncurrent assets" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Noncurrent contract assets were $191 million at September 30, 2025 and $170 million at December 31, 2024. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient and does not consider unbilled amounts anticipated to be paid within one year as significant financing components.
Contract liabilities include customer deposits that are made prior to the incurrence of costs related to a newly agreed upon contract and advanced customer payments that are in excess of revenue recognized. The current portion of contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities under the caption “Customer deposits” while the noncurrent contract liabilities are classified as noncurrent liabilities under the caption "Other long-term liabilities" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Noncurrent contract liabilities were $187 million at September 30, 2025 and $389 million at December 31, 2024. These contract liabilities are not considered a significant financing component because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract or revenue associated with the contract liabilities is expected to be recognized within one year. Contract liabilities also include provisions for estimated losses from uncompleted contracts. Provisions for loss contracts were $86 million and $91 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These provisions for estimated losses are classified as current liabilities and included within the caption “Other accrued liabilities” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The change in the carrying amount of contract assets and contract liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

| Contract Assets
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 720 |  |  | $ | 678 |
Recognized in current year | 604 |  |  | 549 |
Reclassified to accounts receivable | (617) |  |  | (496) |
Foreign currency impact | 20 |  |  | (5) |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | 726 |
| Contract Liabilities
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 1,173 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |
Recognized in current year | 1,180 |  |  | 1,021 |
Amounts in beginning balance reclassified to revenue | (467) |  |  | (513) |
Current year amounts reclassified to revenue | (709) |  |  | (615) |
Foreign currency impact | 36 |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 975 |

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7. LEASES
The Company leases certain property, buildings and equipment. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related asset and obligation at the present value of lease payments. Many of the Company's leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options, and/or termination options that are factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate. The right-of-use assets are classified as noncurrent and included within the caption "Other noncurrent assets" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current portion of lease liabilities are classified under the caption "Other accrued liabilities," while the noncurrent portion of lease liabilities are classified under the caption "Other long-term liabilities" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components. As most of the Company's leases do not provide a readily stated discount rate, the Company must estimate the rate to discount lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate.
Operating lease expense was $19 million and $52 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $18 million and $50 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. New operating leases of $82 million and $117 million were added during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $8 million and $40 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Wabtec does not have material financing leases, short-term or variable leases or sublease income.
Scheduled payments of lease liabilities are as follows:

In millions | Operating Leases
Remaining 2025 | $ | 19 |
2026 | 72 |
2027 | 61 |
2028 | 52 |
2029 | 46 |
Thereafter | 197 |
Total lease payments | 447 |
Less: Present value discount | (59) |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 388 |

The following table summarizes the remaining lease term and discount rate assumptions used to develop the present value of operating lease liabilities:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 8.8 |  | 7.9
Weighted-average discount rate | 3.5 | % |  | 2.9 | %

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8. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following:

| Effective Interest Rate |  | Face Value |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
In millions |  |  | Book Value |  | Fair Value 1 |  | Book Value |  | Fair Value 1
2025 Credit Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Credit Facility | 6.0 | % |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Term Loan Facility | 5.6 | % |  | $ | 725 |  |  | 720 |  |  | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
2024 Credit Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term Loan | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |  |  | 225 |
2022 Credit Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delayed Draw Term Loan | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
Senior Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.20% Senior Notes, due 2025 | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500 |  |  | 496 |
3.45% Senior Notes, due 2026 | 3.5 | % |  | $ | 750 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 743 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 732 |
1.25% Senior Notes (EUR), due 2027 | 1.5 | % |  | € | 500 |  |  | 582 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 495 |
4.70% Senior Notes, due 2028 | 4.8 | % |  | $ | 1,250 |  |  | 1,247 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 1,246 |  |  | 1,239 |
4.90% Senior Notes, due 2030 | 5.1 | % |  | $ | 500 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 511 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.611% Senior Notes, due 2034 | 5.7 | % |  | $ | 500 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 507 |
5.50% Senior Notes, due 2035 | 5.6 | % |  | $ | 750 |  |  | 743 |  |  | 776 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Borrowings |  |  |  |  | 251 |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  | 5,285 |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | 3,980 |  |  | 3,944 |
Less: current portion |  |  |  |  | (251) |  |  | (251) |  |  | (500) |  |  | (496) |
Long-term portion |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,034 |  |  | $ | 5,112 |  |  | $ | 3,480 |  |  | $ | 3,448 |

1. See Note 13 for information on the fair value measurement of the Company's long-term debt.
Variances between Face Value and Book Value are the result of unamortized discounts and debt issuance fees as well as foreign exchange on the Euro Notes. Amortization of discounts and debt issuance fees are included in the calculation of Effective Interest Rate.
For those debt securities that have a premium or discount at the time of issuance, the Company amortizes the amount through interest expense based on the maturity date or the first date the holders may require the Company to repurchase the debt securities, if applicable. A premium would result in a decrease in interest expense, and a discount would result in an increase in interest expense in future periods. Additionally, the Company has debt issuance costs related to certain financing transactions which are also amortized through interest expense. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had total combined unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $27 million and $15 million, respectively.
Credit Agreements
On August 15, 2022, the Company entered into an unsecured credit agreement (the "2022 Credit Agreement"). The 2022 Credit Agreement provided for borrowings consisting of (i) a multi-currency revolving credit facility for an equivalent in U.S. dollars of up to $1.5 billion and (ii) a $250 million delayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”), all pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2022 Credit Agreement. On March 14, 2024, the Company entered into a new stand-alone credit agreement (the "2024 Credit Agreement") for a term loan of $225 million.
On April 23, 2025, the Company entered into a new unsecured credit agreement (the "2025 Credit Agreement"), which amended and restated the 2022 Credit Agreement and refinanced the 2024 Credit Agreement. The 2025 Credit Agreement provides for borrowings consisting of (i) a multi-currency revolving credit facility for a U.S. dollar equivalent of up to $2.0 billion (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and (ii) a delayed draw term loan facility of $725 million (the “Term Loan Facility”), all pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2025 Credit Agreement. The Term Loan Facility was utilized to refinance (i) $250 million of the outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loan under the 2022 Credit Agreement and (ii) $225 million of the outstanding Term Loan under the 2024 Credit Agreement. During the third quarter of 2025, the remaining $250 million under the Term Loan Facility was drawn and utilized as part of funding for the Inspection Technologies acquisition. The 2025 Credit Agreement includes an incremental facility that allows the Company to request, at prevailing market rates, an aggregate amount not to exceed $1.0 billion, (a) increases to the borrowing commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility and/or (b)
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new incremental term loan commitments (the "Incremental Facility"). The agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, and events of default customary for facilities of this type.
The Revolving Credit Facility matures on April 23, 2030. The Term Loan Facility was fully drawn at September 30, 2025, and all borrowings under the Term Loan Facility mature on April 23, 2030. Amounts borrowed and repaid under the Term Loan Facility may not be reborrowed. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under the 2025 Credit Agreement includes a base rate (per the Interest Election terms of the agreement) plus an interest rate spread up to 1.75% based on the lower of the pricing corresponding to (i) the Company’s financial leverage or (ii) the Company’s public credit rating. At September 30, 2025, the interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was 5.5% and the interest rate on the undrawn Revolving Credit Facility was 5.4%. Obligations under the 2025 Credit Agreement have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries.
Under the 2025 Credit Agreement, the Company has agreed to maintain an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.0 to 1.0, and a Leverage Ratio not to exceed 3.5 to 1.0. The Interest Coverage Ratio is calculated using an earnings metric as defined in the agreement compared to Interest Expense for the four quarters then ended. The Leverage Ratio is defined as net debt (total debt, net of up to $500 million of unrestricted cash) as of the last day of such fiscal quarter to the defined earnings metric for the four quarters then ended. Additionally, the Company may effect an increase in the maximum Leverage Ratio in contemplation of a Material Acquisition. All terms are as defined in the 2025 Credit Agreement.
The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in the 2025 Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2025.
The following table presents availability under the 2025 Credit Agreement at September 30, 2025:

In millions |  | Revolving Credit Facility |  | Term Loan Facility |  | Total
Maximum Availability |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 2,725 |
Outstanding Borrowings |  | — |  |  | (725) |  |  | (725) |
Letters of Credit Under Credit Agreement |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Current Availability |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |

Intra-Quarter Uncommitted Money Market Line Credit Agreement
During the third quarter of 2024, the Company entered into an uncommitted bilateral money market line credit agreement which provides an aggregate borrowing capacity of $150 million, for general business purposes and working capital needs within a quarter.
Senior Notes
The Company or its subsidiaries may issue senior notes from time to time. These notes are comprised of our 3.20% Senior Notes due 2025 (the "2025 Notes"), 3.45% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes"), 1.25% Senior Notes (EUR) due 2027 (the "Euro Notes"), 4.70% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "2028 Notes"), 4.90% Senior Notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes"), 5.611% Senior Notes due 2034 (the "2034 Notes"), and 5.50% Senior Notes due 2035 (the "2035 Notes"). The 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2028 Notes, 2030 Notes, 2034 Notes, and 2035 Notes are the “US Notes”, and collectively with the Euro Notes, the “Senior Notes.” Interest on the US Notes is payable semi-annually and interest on the Euro Notes is paid annually. Each series of the Senior Notes may be redeemed at any time in whole or from time to time in part in accordance with the provisions of the indenture, under which such series of notes was issued. Each of the Senior Notes may be redeemed at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount plus a specified make-whole premium and accrued interest. The US Notes and the Company's guarantee of the Euro Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank pari passu with all existing and future senior debt, and are senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company.
On May 29, 2025, the Company issued (i) $500 million of 4.90% Senior Notes due 2030 and (ii) $750 million of 5.50% Senior Notes due 2035. The 2030 Notes and 2035 Notes were issued at approximately 100% of face value and the Company recognized approximately $12 million of total deferred financing costs. Interest on the 2030 Notes and 2035 Notes will accrue at a rate of 4.90% and 5.50%, respectively, per year, payable semi-annually on May 29 and November 29 of each year, commencing November 29, 2025. The 2030 Notes will mature on May 29, 2030, and the 2035 Notes will mature on May 29, 2035.
Proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash on hand were utilized to repay the outstanding amount of the 2025 Notes at maturity. Proceeds from the 2035 Notes were utilized as part of funding for the Inspection Technologies acquisition, which closed July 1, 2025.
On March 11, 2024, the Company issued $500 million of 5.611% Senior Notes due in 2034. The 2034 Notes were issued at 100% of face value and the Company recognized approximately $5 million of total deferred financing costs. Interest on the
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2034 Notes accrues at a rate of 5.611% per year, payable semi-annually on March 11 and September 11 of each year, commencing September 11, 2024. The 2034 Notes will mature on March 11, 2034.
Proceeds from the 2034 Notes, combined with the proceeds from the term loan under the 2024 Credit Agreement and cash on hand, were utilized to repay the outstanding amount of our 4.15% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes") at maturity.
The indentures under which the Senior Notes were issued contain covenants and restrictions which limit, subject to certain exceptions, certain sale and leaseback transactions with respect to principal properties, the incurrence of secured debt without equally and ratably securing the Senior Notes, and certain merger and consolidation transactions. The covenants do not require the Company to maintain any financial ratios or specified levels of net worth or liquidity. The US Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis by each of the Company's subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the 2025 Credit Agreement. The Euro Notes were issued by Wabtec Transportation Netherlands B.V. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company.
The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants in the indentures under which the Senior Notes were issued and expects that these restrictions and covenants will not be any type of limiting factor in executing our operating activities.
9. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company maintains employee stock-based compensation plans for stock options, restricted stock, and incentive stock units as governed by the 2011 Stock Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated (the “2011 Plan”) and the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2000 Plan”). The 2011 Plan has a term through May 10, 2027, and as of September 30, 2025, the number of shares available for future grants under the 2011 Plan was approximately 3.9 million shares. The Company also maintains a 1995 Non-Employee Directors’ Fee and Stock Option Plan as amended and restated (“the Directors Plan”).
Stock-based compensation expense was $24 million and $68 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $23 million and $57 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. At September 30, 2025, unamortized compensation expense related to stock options, non-vested restricted shares and incentive stock units expected to vest was approximately $105 million.
Stock Options Stock options can be granted to eligible employees and directors at an exercise price equal to fair market value, which is the average of the high and low Wabtec stock price on the date of grant. Options become exercisable over a three-year vesting period and expire 10 years from the date of grant. There were no stock options granted in the periods presented. At September 30, 2025, there were 92,925 shares issuable pursuant to exercisable stock options.
Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Incentive Stock Units As provided for under the 2011 Plan and 2000 Plan, eligible employees are granted restricted stock and restricted stock units that generally vest over three years from the date of grant. Under the Directors Plan, restricted stock awards vest one year from the date of grant. The restricted stock units are liability-classified equity awards as they can be settled in cash.
In addition, the Company has issued incentive stock units to eligible employees that vest upon attainment of certain cumulative three-year performance goals, including a Relative Total Stockholder Return ("RTSR") modifier. The RTSR modifier can increase or decrease the payment by 10% or 20% depending on the plan year. Significant judgments and estimates are used in determining the estimated three-year performance, which is then used to estimate the total shares expected to vest over the three-year vesting cycle and corresponding expense based on the grant date fair value of the award. When determining the estimated three-year performance, the Company utilizes a combination of historical actual results, budgeted results and forecasts. Upon the initial grant of a performance cycle, the Company estimates the three-year performance at 100%. Quarterly, the Company reviews and updates performance estimates based on actual performance results and current projections. Based on the Company’s performance for each three-year period then ended, the incentive stock units can vest and be awarded ranging from 0% to 200% of the initial incentive stock units granted. The incentive stock units included in the table below represent the number of incentive stock units that are expected to vest based on the Company’s estimate for meeting those established performance targets. As of September 30, 2025, the Company estimates that it will achieve 188%, 200% and 139% for the incentive stock awards expected to vest, inclusive of the RTSR modifier, based on the estimated performance for the three-year periods ending December 31, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, and has recorded incentive compensation expense accordingly. If the estimates of the number of these incentive stock units expected to vest changes in a future accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease and will be recognized in the current period for the elapsed portion of the vesting period and would change future expense for the remaining vesting period.
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Compensation expense for the non-vested restricted stock and incentive stock units is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant and recognized over the applicable vesting period. Expense for incentive stock units is updated as necessary based on the Company's performance.
The following table summarizes the restricted stock, restricted stock unit and incentive stock unit activity and related information for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

| Restricted Stock and Units |  | Incentive Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 728,036 |  |  | 877,064 |  |  | $ | 115.71 |
Granted | 278,954 |  |  | 163,177 |  |  | $ | 187.34 |
Vested | (381,737) |  |  | (298,747) |  |  | $ | 100.59 |
Adjustment for incentive stock awards expected to vest | — |  |  | 112,531 |  |  | $ | 150.98 |
Canceled | (20,785) |  |  | (1,162) |  |  | $ | 140.81 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 | 604,468 |  |  | 852,863 |  |  | $ | 146.84 |

10. INCOME TAXES
The following table presents the overall effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| 3Q25 |  | 3Q24 |  | 3Q25 YTD |  | 3Q24 YTD
Overall Effective Tax Rate | 26.4 | % |  | 24.2 | % |  | 24.8 | % |  | 24.1 | %

The year over year increase in the effective rate for the both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily driven by audit closures that occurred during the third quarter of 2024 and the jurisdictional mix of earnings. Additionally, the year over year increase in the effective tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025 was impacted by non-deductible transaction related expenses.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law. Among other provisions, this act includes permanently extending and modifying certain expiring provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenses. The Company is evaluating the impacts of these provisions and does not expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company’s non-vested restricted stock contains rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends, and thus are participating securities requiring the two-class method of computing earnings per share. The calculation of earnings per share for common stock excludes the income attributable to the non-vested restricted stock from the numerator, which results in approximately 0.3% of Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders being allocated to non-vested restricted stock in all periods presented. Additionally, the dilutive impact of the assumed conversion of non-vested restricted stock is excluded from the denominator of the diluted weighted average shares outstanding. The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions, except per share data | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 844 |
Less: Net income allocated to non-vested restricted stock | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2) |
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 965 |  |  | $ | 842 |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic | 170.5 |  |  | 173.4 |  |  | 170.5 |  |  | 175.1 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assumed conversion of dilutive stock-based compensation plans excluding non-vested restricted stock | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.3 |
Assumed conversion of dilutive non-vested restricted stock | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | 171.1 |  |  | 174.1 |  |  | 171.2 |  |  | 175.7 |
Earnings per common share attributable to Wabtec shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  | $ | 4.81 |
Diluted | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 5.64 |  |  | $ | 4.80 |

12. WARRANTIES
The following table reconciles the changes in the Company’s product warranty reserve for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 248 |
Warranty expense | 83 |  |  | 84 |
Warranty claim payments | (82) |  |  | (63) |
Acquisitions | 2 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency impact/other | 9 |  |  | 2 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 271 |

13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and explains the related disclosure requirements. ASC 820 indicates, among other things, that a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.
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Valuation Hierarchy. ASC 820 establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and are considered Level 1 on the fair value valuation hierarchy. The fair value of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated the carrying value at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Senior Notes are considered Level 2 based on the fair value valuation hierarchy.
Hedging Activities In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to market risk related to interest rates, commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. At times, we limit these risks through the use of derivatives such as cross-currency swaps, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, commodity swaps and options. These hedging contracts are valued using broker quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2. In accordance with our policy, derivatives are only used for hedging purposes. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The Company uses forward contracts to hedge forecasted foreign currency denominated sales of finished goods and future settlement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Derivatives used to hedge firm commitments relevant to sales and purchases and forecasted transactions to be realized with high probability that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of gains and losses is deferred as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in earnings at the time the hedged item affects earnings, in the same line item as the underlying hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.
The Company has also established balance sheet risk management and net investment hedging programs to protect its balance sheet against foreign currency exchange rate volatility. We conduct our business worldwide in U.S. dollars and the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries, including euro, Indian rupee, British pound sterling, Australian dollars, Canadian dollars, Brazilian real, Kazakhstani tenge, and several other foreign currencies. Changes in these foreign currency exchange rates could have a material adverse impact on our financial results that are reported in U.S. dollars. We are also exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our foreign subsidiaries, including intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. We hedge these exposures using foreign currency swap contracts and cross-currency swaps to offset the potential income statement effects on intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. These programs reduce but do not eliminate foreign currency exchange rate risk entirely.
The Company enters into certain derivative contracts in accordance with its risk management strategy that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, but which have the impact of largely mitigating foreign currency exposure. These foreign exchange contracts are accounted for on a full mark to market basis through earnings, with gains and losses recorded as a component of Other (expense) income, net. The net gains and losses related to these contracts, except as described below, were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. These contracts typically mature within one year.
In connection with the announced definitive agreements to acquire Dellner Couplers and Frauscher, the Company entered into foreign exchange contracts for a notional value of €890 million to mitigate foreign currency exposure of the purchase price. The contracts are not designated as accounting hedges under Topic 815 of ASC, and as such, the gains and losses are recorded as a component of Other (expense) income, net. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 these contracts resulted in a net loss of $(2) million and a net gain of $30 million, respectively.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company may use interest rate hedge contracts on certain investing and borrowing transactions to manage its net expos ure to interest rate changes and to manage its overall cost of borrowing. The Company does not use leveraged swaps and, in general, does not leverage any of its investment activities that would put principal capital at risk. During the second quarter of 2025, interest rate hedge contracts related to Senior Notes issued during 2025 closed. During the first quarter of 2024, interest rate hedge contracts related to the 2034 Notes closed. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.
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Commodity Price Risk
The Company may use commodity forward swaps to manage its exposure to commodity price changes and to reduce its overall cost of manufacturing. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the amounts recognized as income or expense were not material.
The following table summarizes the assets, liabilities, gross notional amounts, fair values, and fair value hierarchy classification of the designated and non-designated hedges discussed in the above sections as of September 30, 2025, which are included in other current assets and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

|  |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Notional Amount
In millions | Level |  | Designated |  | Non-Designated |  | Designated |  | Non-Designated
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets | 2 |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 1,306 |
Other current liabilities | 2 |  | (9) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 314 |  |  | 295 |
Total |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 1,601 |

The following table summarizes the assets, liabilities, gross notional amounts, fair values, and fair value hierarchy classification of the designated and non-designated hedges discussed in the above sections as of December 31, 2024, which are included in other current assets and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

|  |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Notional Amount
In millions | Level |  | Designated |  | Non-Designated |  | Designated |  | Non-Designated
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets | 2 |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 153 |
Other current liabilities | 2 |  | (4) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 182 |  |  | 44 |
Interest Rate Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets | 2 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 197 |

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations governing discharges to air and water, the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous or solid waste materials and the remediation of contamination associated with releases of hazardous substances. The Company believes its operations currently comply in all material respects with all of the various environmental laws and regulations applicable to our business; however, there can be no assurance that environmental requirements will not change in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to comply with such requirements.
Claims have been filed against the Company and certain of its affiliates in various jurisdictions across the United States by persons alleging bodily injury as a result of exposure to asbestos-containing products. The vast majority of the claims are submitted to insurance carriers for defense and indemnity, or to non-affiliated companies that retain the liabilities for the asbestos-containing products at issue. We cannot, however, assure that all of these claims will be fully covered by insurance, or that the indemnitors or insurers will remain financially viable. Our ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to these claims, as is the case with other pending litigation, cannot be estimated. A limited number of claims are not covered by insurance, nor are they subject to indemnity from non-affiliated parties. Management believes that the costs of the Company’s asbestos-related cases will not be material to the Company’s overall financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
During the third quarter of 2023, a competitor of the Company, Progress Rail (“Progress”), which is a Caterpillar Inc. company, sued the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware asserting antitrust, breach of contract, unfair competition law, defamation and false advertising claims. The complaint challenges the Wabtec-GE Transportation merger and contends that since the merger, Wabtec has unlawfully monopolized the markets for long-haul freight locomotives, Tier IV long-haul freight locomotives and energy management systems by, among other things, failing to ensure that Progress’ products are interoperable with Wabtec’s locomotives and cab electronics. Progress seeks an order requiring Wabtec to divest GE Transportation, unspecified treble damages for its alleged lost profits from reduced sales of locomotive and cab systems and attorneys’ fees and costs. It also asks the court to enjoin Wabtec from engaging in the conduct and require the Company to comply with its agreements with Progress. On June 12, 2025, the Court dismissed the antitrust claims against Wabtec saying that no harmful effects on competition resulting from the merger had been shown. The Court did not dismiss the alleged breach of contract, unfair competition, defamation and false advertising claims, which Wabtec intends to vigorously defend.
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Xorail, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Xorail”), received notices from Denver Transit Constructors (“DTC”) alleging breach of contract related to the operation of a wireless crossing system provided by Xorail for use by the Denver Regional Transit District ("RTD"). DTC’s alleged damages stem from a delay in approval of the wireless crossing system by regulatory authorities, which resulted in the interim use of flaggers at the crossings. Xorail denied DTC's assertions, stating that the system satisfied the contractual requirements. DTC has since contacted Xorail seeking $58 million in damages; Xorail has denied liability, but there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome of this claim.
From time to time the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the ordinary course of business. As of the date hereof, the Company is involved in no litigation that the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
15. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments—the Freight Segment and the Transit Segment. The key factors used to identify these reportable segments are the organization and alignment of the Company’s internal operations, the nature of the products and services and customer type. The Company's business segments are:
Freight Segment builds, rebuilds, upgrades, and overhauls locomotives, services locomotives and freight cars, and provides a range of component and digital solutions for customers in the freight and transit rail, mining, and marine industries. It also manufactures and services components for new and existing freight cars and locomotives, supplies railway electronics, positive train control equipment, signal design and engineering services, maintenance of way, and provides heat exchange and cooling systems for locomotives and power generation equipment. Customers include large, publicly traded railroads, leasing companies, manufacturers of original equipment such as locomotives and freight cars, and utilities, and also serves companies in the mining, marine, and industrial markets. We refer to sales of both goods, such as spare parts and equipment upgrades, and related services, such as monitoring, maintenance and repairs, as sales in our Services product line.
Transit Segment primarily manufactures and services components for new and existing passenger transit vehicles, typically regional trains, high speed trains, subway cars, light-rail vehicles and buses. It also refurbishes subway cars and provides heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment and doors for buses and subway cars. Customers include public transit authorities and municipalities, leasing companies and manufacturers of passenger transit vehicles and buses, and companies in the electrical generation, distribution, and charging industries.
Wabtec’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Rafael Santana. Mr. Santana utilizes Income (loss) from operations as the primary reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. For both of the Company’s segments, the CODM uses segment Income (loss) from operations to make operational and personnel related decisions across the business. The CODM considers actual, budgeted and forecasted Income (loss) from operations on a monthly basis for evaluating the performance of each segment and making decisions about allocating capital and other resources to each segment. Additionally, Gross margin is used by the CODM as a secondary measure of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. For both of the Company’s segments, the CODM uses segment Gross margin to make commercial and operational related decisions across the business.
Intersegment sales are accounted for at prices that are generally established by reference to similar transactions with unaffiliated customers. Corporate activities include general corporate expenses, elimination of certain intersegment transactions, interest income and expense and other unallocated charges. Segment assets for the Freight and Transit Segment include assets directly utilized for segment operations, as well as the related goodwill and intangible assets. Corporate segment assets include cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, equity method investment assets, certain tax assets, receivables held by our bankruptcy-remote facility, pension assets, corporate headquarters' assets and other asset balances that are managed outside of operating segments.
Cost of sales for both segments represents costs directly related to manufacturing products and providing services. Primary costs include raw materials, direct labor, overhead, shipping and handling, warehousing, and the depreciation of manufacturing, warehousing and distribution facilities. Selling, general and administrative expenses for both segments represent costs incurred in managing the business, including salary, benefits, professional fees and operating costs associated with each segment’s non-manufacturing activities. The amounts of depreciation and amortization disclosed by reportable segment are included within their respective segment expense captions, such as Cost of sales, Selling, general & administrative expenses and Amortization expense.
During the first quarter of 2025, Management determined that certain businesses within the Services product line would be better aligned with Management oversight in the Components product line. As such, Sales by product line for 2024 and 2023 have been recast to conform to the current period presentation. These changes were within the Freight Segment and had no impact on Total Freight Segment Sales, Gross profit, or Income from operations.
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Segment financial information for the three months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Corporate Activities and Elimination |  | Total
Sales to external customers | $ | 2,093 |  |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,886 |
Cost of sales | (1,343) |  |  | (541) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,884) |
Gross profit | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,002 |
Gross margin | 35.8 | % |  | 31.7 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general & administrative expenses | $ | (219) |  |  | $ | (118) |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | (375) |
Engineering expenses | (45) |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | (59) |
Amortization expense | (72) |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (77) |
Income (loss) from operations | 414 |  |  | 115 |  |  | (38) |  |  | 491 |
Interest expense and other, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (66) |  |  | (66) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | (104) |  |  | $ | 425 |
Intersegment sales/(elimination) | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 128 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Segment assets | $ | 15,471 |  |  | $ | 4,454 |  |  | $ | 1,602 |  |  | $ | 21,527 |

Segment financial information for the three months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Corporate Activities and Elimination |  | Total
Sales to external customers | $ | 1,930 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,663 |
Cost of sales | (1,257) |  |  | (526) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,783) |
Gross profit | $ | 673 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 880 |
Gross margin | 35.0 | % |  | 28.2 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general & administrative expenses | $ | (173) |  |  | $ | (109) |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | $ | (318) |
Engineering expenses | (37) |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |
Amortization expense | (73) |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | (79) |
Income (loss) from operations | 390 |  |  | 79 |  |  | (36) |  |  | 433 |
Interest expense and other, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55) |  |  | (55) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | (91) |  |  | $ | 378 |
Intersegment sales/(elimination) | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Segment assets | $ | 13,259 |  |  | $ | 4,102 |  |  | $ | 1,283 |  |  | $ | 18,644 |

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Segment financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Corporate Activities and Elimination |  | Total
Sales to external customers | $ | 5,913 |  |  | $ | 2,289 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,202 |
Cost of sales | (3,781) |  |  | (1,581) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,362) |
Gross profit | $ | 2,132 |  |  | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,840 |
Gross margin | 36.1 | % |  | 30.9 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general & administrative expenses | $ | (564) |  |  | $ | (339) |  |  | $ | (126) |  |  | $ | (1,029) |
Engineering expenses | (119) |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |
Amortization expense | (200) |  |  | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | (219) |
Income (loss) from operations | 1,249 |  |  | 314 |  |  | (126) |  |  | 1,437 |
Interest expense and other, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (136) |  |  | (136) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | (262) |  |  | $ | 1,301 |
Intersegment sales/(elimination) | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | (72) |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 365 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 138 |

Segment financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Corporate Activities and Elimination |  | Total
Sales to external customers | $ | 5,674 |  |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,804 |
Cost of sales | (3,707) |  |  | (1,528) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,235) |
Gross profit | $ | 1,967 |  |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,569 |
Gross margin | 34.7 | % |  | 28.2 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general & administrative expenses | $ | (488) |  |  | $ | (318) |  |  | $ | (109) |  |  | $ | (915) |
Engineering expenses | (123) |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |
Amortization expense | (207) |  |  | (17) |  |  | — |  |  | (224) |
Income (loss) from operations | 1,149 |  |  | 235 |  |  | (109) |  |  | 1,275 |
Interest expense and other, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |  |  | (149) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 1,149 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | (258) |  |  | $ | 1,126 |
Intersegment sales/(elimination) | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | (81) |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 375 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 123 |

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Sales to external customers by product line are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Freight Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 2,388 |  |  | $ | 2,317 |
Equipment |  | 677 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 1,699 |  |  | 1,609 |
Components |  | 375 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 1,169 |
Digital Intelligence |  | 297 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 669 |  |  | 579 |
Total Freight Segment |  | $ | 2,093 |  |  | $ | 1,930 |  |  | $ | 5,913 |  |  | $ | 5,674 |
Transit Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Original Equipment Manufacturer |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  | $ | 969 |
Aftermarket |  | 426 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 1,247 |  |  | 1,161 |
Total Transit Segment |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 2,289 |  |  | $ | 2,130 |

16. OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME, NET
The components of Other (expense) income, net are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Foreign currency loss |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (11) |
(Loss) gain on mark-to-market derivatives |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |
Equity income |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Expected return on pension assets/amortization |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Other miscellaneous expense, net |  | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Total Other (expense) income, net |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (1) |

In connection with the announced definitive agreements to acquire Dellner Couplers and Frauscher, the Company entered into foreign exchange contracts for a notional value of €890 million to mitigate foreign currency exposure of the purchase price. The contracts are not designated as accounting hedges under Topic 815 of ASC, and as such, the gains and losses are recorded as a component of Other (expense) income, net. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, these contracts resulted in a net loss of $(2) million and a net gain of $30 million, respectively.
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17. RESTRUCTURING
Wabtec is focused on driving operational efficiency and improving profitability while reducing manufacturing complexity. As a result, there are key strategic initiatives aimed at achieving these focus areas.
Integration 3.0
Integration 3.0 is a multi-year strategic initiative to further consolidate our footprint, reduce complexity and streamline manufacturing, engineering, administrative, and commercial activities. The Company anticipates that it will incur one-time restructuring charges related to Integration 3.0 of approximately $80 million to $100 million. Amounts recorded to date are approximately $24 million, including amounts recorded during the fourth quarter 2024, and are primarily for employee-related costs. Cash payments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were not material.
A summary of restructuring charges related to the Integration 3.0 initiative is as follows:

In millions | Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Freight Segment: |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Total Freight Segment | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Transit Segment: |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1 |  |  | 6 |
Total Transit Segment | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Corporate: |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Total Integration 3.0 restructuring charges | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 15 |

Portfolio Optimization
Wabtec is focused on exiting various low margin product offerings through Portfolio Optimization to improve profitability while reducing manufacturing complexity. Wabtec recorded net charges of approximately $3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $8 million and $13 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, primarily for asset write downs related to Portfolio Optimization. Total one-time restructuring charges related to Portfolio Optimization to date are approximately $59 million.
Integration 2.0
Integration 2.0 is a multi-year strategic initiative to review and consolidate our operating footprint, reduce headcount, streamline the end-to-end manufacturing process, restructure the North America distribution channels, expand operations in low-cost countries, and simplify the business through systems enablement. The Company anticipates that it will incur one-time restructuring charges related to Integration 2.0 of up to approximately $170 million, of which approximately $147 million has been incurred to date. There were no material charges or cash payments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. Wabtec recorded charges of $10 million and $22 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Cash payments made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $5 million and $35 million, respectively.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein and Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation’s Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2025.
OVERVIEW
Wabtec is a global provider of value-added, technology-based locomotives, equipment, systems, and services for the freight rail and passenger transit industries, as well as the mining, marine and industrial markets. Our highly engineered products, which are intended to enhance safety, improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for customers, can be found on most locomotives, freight cars, passenger transit cars and buses around the world. Our core products and services are essential in the safe and efficient operation of freight rail, passenger transit vehicles and other modes of transportation. Wabtec is a global company with operations in over 50 countries and our products can be found in more than 100 countries throughout the world. In the first nine months of 2025, approximately half of the Company’s Net sales came from customers outside the United States.
Business Update
On July 1, 2025, Wabtec completed the previously announced acquisition of Evident’s Inspection Technologies division ("Inspection Technologies"), formerly part of the Scientific Solutions Division of Olympus Corporation, for approximately $1.788 billion. Inspection Technologies is a global leader in Non-Destructive Testing, Remote Visual Inspection and Analytical Instruments solutions for mission critical assets. Inspection Technologies' industry presence and innovative product portfolio will significantly expand Wabtec's capabilities and complement the existing product portfolio of Digital Intelligence.
On July 7, 2025, the Company announced a definitive agreement to acquire Frauscher Sensor Technology Group, GmbH ("Frauscher"), a global market leader in train detection, wayside object control solutions and axle counting systems, for approximately €675 million. The acquisition positions Wabtec for accelerated, profitable growth, and further strengthens the Company’s product portfolio by adding highly attractive and complementary railway signaling technologies. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2025, Wabtec announced a definitive agreement to acquire Dellner Couplers for approximately €890 million. Dellner Couplers is a global leader in highly engineered safety-critical train connection systems and services for passenger rail rolling stock. The acquisition brings highly attractive and complementary technologies and provides synergies by complementing our core transit systems portfolio. Both announced acquisitions are subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approval.
Transaction costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 related to completed and announced acquisitions were approximately $9 million and $44 million, respectively.
On September 22, 2025, Wabtec announced an agreement with National Company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy ("KTZ"), the national railway of Kazakhstan, to deliver Evolution Series locomotives and provide long-term service support. The multi-national order, valued by the Company at approximately $4.2 billion, marks the largest locomotive agreement in Wabtec's history. Wabtec also continued to drive recurring revenue in the global market by winning a new service contract in Kazakhstan worth $299 million earlier in 2025. Additionally in the Freight Segment, during the third quarter of 2025, the first Simandou locomotives reached Guinea, marking the first exports from the Company's India locomotive facility. During the first nine months of 2025, the Freight Segment also signed a $140 million new locomotive order with a North American Class I railroad, signed new locomotive, mining and service orders in the Asia-Pacific region totaling $127 million, and signed a $125 million ultra class mining order.
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Transit Segment signed $140 million in new Transit brake orders. Additionally, during the first nine months of 2025, the Transit Segment signed two multi-year transit platform door contracts valued at $85 million and a $47 million order to provide brakes and couplers for servicing a North American customer. In March of 2025, Moody's upgraded the Senior Notes ratings to Baa2 from Baa3 and changed the outlook to stable from positive, and S&P Global Ratings reaffirmed Wabtec's credit rating at BBB with a stable outlook.
Wabtec is focused on driving operational efficiency and improving profitability while reducing manufacturing complexity. As a result, there are restructuring initiatives, including Integration 3.0, Portfolio Optimization and Integration 2.0, aimed at achieving these focus areas. During the first nine months of 2025, Wabtec incurred $21 million of restructuring costs primarily for employee-related costs on programs under these initiatives.
Future macroeconomic volatility, changes to tariffs and trade policies, supply chain disruptions, and labor availability, amongst other things, could cause a negative impact on revenue and cost increases resulting in an adverse effect on the Company’s operating results. Additionally, broad-based inflation, metals, energy and other commodity costs, transportation and logistics costs, labor costs, and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations all continue to impact our results. The Company utilizes various mitigating actions intended to lessen the impact of macroeconomic volatility, including the impact of current tariffs. These actions include implementing price escalations and surcharges, driving operational efficiencies through various
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cost mitigation efforts and discretionary spend management, strategically sourcing materials, reviewing and modifying distribution logistics, and accelerating integration synergies through our strategic initiatives. The Company has experienced increased tariff costs which unfavorably impacted our cash from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Although we do not expect a material impact to our results of operations in 2025 because of mitigation efforts, due to the volatility of trade policies, we are unable to reasonably predict the future impact.
During the first quarter of 2025, Management determined that certain businesses within the Services product line would be better aligned with Management oversight in the Components product line. As such, Sales by product line for 2024 and 2023 have been recast to conform to the current period presentation. These changes were within the Freight Segment and had no impact on Total Freight Segment Sales, Gross profit, or Income from operations.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results
THIRD QUARTER 2025 COMPARED TO THIRD QUARTER 2024
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended September 30,
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Net sales: |  |  |
Sales of goods | $ | 2,425 |  |  | $ | 2,171 |
Sales of services | 461 |  |  | 492 |
Total Net sales | 2,886 |  |  | 2,663 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |
Cost of goods | (1,617) |  |  | (1,512) |
Cost of services | (267) |  |  | (271) |
Total Cost of sales | (1,884) |  |  | (1,783) |
Gross profit | 1,002 |  |  | 880 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (375) |  |  | (318) |
Engineering expenses | (59) |  |  | (50) |
Amortization expense | (77) |  |  | (79) |
Total Operating expenses | (511) |  |  | (447) |
Income from operations | 491 |  |  | 433 |
Other income and expenses: |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (65) |  |  | (52) |
Other expense, net | (1) |  |  | (3) |
Income before income taxes | 425 |  |  | 378 |
Income tax expense | (112) |  |  | (92) |
Net income | 313 |  |  | 286 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 283 |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales in the three months ended September 30, 2025 from the three months ended September 30, 2024:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Total
Third Quarter 2024 Net sales | $ | 1,930 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 2,663 |
Acquisitions | 128 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 134 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (7) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (13) |
Foreign Exchange | 1 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |
Organic | 41 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 79 |
Third Quarter 2025 Net sales | $ | 2,093 |  |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 2,886 |

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Net sales
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $223 million, or 8.4%, to $2.89 billion compared to the same period in 2024. Organic sales increased $79 million which was attributable to both the Freight and Transit Segments. Freight Equipment sales increased primarily due to higher North American locomotive deliveries. Freight Services sales decreased from lower deliveries of locomotive modernizations and engine overhauls. Transit sales increased from higher demand for Aftermarket and Original Equipment Manufacturing products and services driven by increased investments in sustainable infrastructure, fleet expansion and renewals and increased passenger ridership levels. Sales from acquisitions contributed $134 million, primarily from Inspection Technologies in the Freight Segment, and favorable changes in foreign exchange increased Net sales by $23 million.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $101 million, or 5.7%, to $1.88 billion compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily due to the increase in Net sales. Cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales was 65.3% and 67.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The improvement in gross margin is attributable to strong productivity and cost management, Integration 2.0 and 3.0 savings, and the exit of low margin business offerings through Portfolio Optimization, partially offset by unfavorable mix within the Freight Segment. Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 included $24 million of costs related to purchase price accounting for the step-up of Inspection Technologies inventory to fair value on the date of acquisition. Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $2 million and $7 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Operating expenses
Total operating expenses increased $64 million, or 14.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to the increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A"). Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 17.7% and 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. SG&A increased $57 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily from incremental expense from acquisitions, transaction costs associated with completed and announced acquisitions, and costs incurred to support the higher sales volume, partially offset by the impacts of Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transaction costs associated with completed and announced acquisitions included in SG&A were $9 million for three months ended September 30, 2025. SG&A for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $4 million and $5 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives. Engineering expenses increased $9 million due to incremental expense from acquisitions.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net, increased $13 million to $65 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher average overall debt balances in the current period, primarily related to the Inspection Technologies acquisition.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net decreased $2 million to $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses, partially offset by a loss on mark-to-market derivatives in the current period associated with the anticipated acquisitions of Dellner Couplers and Frauscher.
Income taxes
The effective income tax rate was 26.4% and 24.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The year over year increase in the effective rate was primarily driven by audit closures that occurred during the third quarter of 2024 and the jurisdictional mix of earnings.
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Freight Segment
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for our Freight Segment for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of goods | $ | 1,634 |  |  | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | 13.5 | %
Sales of services | 459 |  |  | 490 |  |  | (31) |  |  | (6.3) | %
Total Net sales | 2,093 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 8.4 | %
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods | (1,077) |  |  | (987) |  |  | 90 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Cost of services | (266) |  |  | (270) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1.5) | %
Total Cost of sales | (1,343) |  |  | (1,257) |  |  | 86 |  |  | 6.8 | %
Cost of sales (% of Net sales) | 64.2 | % |  | 65.0 | % |  | (0.8) |  |
Gross profit | 750 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 11.4 | %
Operating expenses | (336) |  |  | (283) |  |  | 53 |  |  | 18.7 | %
Income from operations | $ | 414 |  | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Income from operations (% of Net sales) | 19.8 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | (0.4) |  |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales for the Freight Segment in the third quarter of 2025 from the third quarter of 2024:

In millions |
Third Quarter 2024 Net sales | $ | 1,930 |
Acquisitions | 128 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (7) |
Foreign Exchange | 1 |
Organic changes in Net sales by Product Line: |
Equipment | 163 |
Services | (98) |
Digital Intelligence | (15) |
Components | (9) |
Third Quarter 2025 Net sales | $ | 2,093 |

Net sales
Freight Segment organic sales increased by $41 million driven primarily by Equipment sales from higher North American locomotive deliveries. This was partially offset by decreased Services sales from lower deliveries of locomotive modernizations and engine overhauls, decreased Digital Intelligence sales from softness in the North American market, and decreased Components sales from lower North America rail car build and lower maintenance of way sales. Sales from acquisitions contributed $128 million, primarily from Inspection Technologies, and favorable changes in foreign exchange increased sales by $1 million.
Cost of sales
Freight Segment Cost of sales increased $86 million, primarily due to higher sales volume, and Cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales decreased 0.8 percentage points. The improvement in gross margin is attributable to strong productivity and cost management and the exit of low margin business offerings through Portfolio Optimization, partially offset by unfavorable mix within the Freight Segment. Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 included $24 million of costs related to purchase price accounting for the step-up of Inspection Technologies inventory to fair value on the date of
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acquisition. Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $1 million and $2 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Operating expenses
Freight Segment Operating expenses as a percentage of Net sales were 16.0% and 14.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Freight Segment Operating expenses increased by $53 million, primarily driven by higher SG&A costs from higher costs to support increased sales volume and incremental SG&A and engineering expenses from acquisitions.
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Transit Segment
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for our Transit Segment for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | 8.2 | %
Cost of sales | (541) |  |  | (526) |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Cost of sales (% of Net sales) | 68.3 | % |  | 71.8 | % |  | (3.5) |  |
Gross profit | 252 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 21.7 | %
Operating expenses | (137) |  |  | (128) |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7.0 | %
Income from operations | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | 45.6 | %
Income from operations (% of Net sales) | 14.5 | % |  | 10.8 | % |  | 3.7 |  |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales for the Transit Segment in the third quarter of 2025 from the third quarter of 2024:

In millions |
Third Quarter 2024 Net sales | $ | 733 |
Acquisitions | 6 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (6) |
Foreign Exchange | 22 |
Organic changes in Net sales by Product Line: |
Aftermarket | 26 |
Original Equipment Manufacturing | 12 |
Third Quarter 2025 Net sales | $ | 793 |

Net sales
Transit Segment organic sales increased by $38 million driven by strong Aftermarket and Original Equipment Manufacturing sales primarily as a result of increased demand for products and services due to fleet expansion and renewals, increased passenger ridership levels, and increased investments in sustainable infrastructure. Sales from acquisitions contributed $6 million, and favorable changes in foreign exchange rates increased sales by $22 million.
Cost of sales
Transit Segment Cost of sales increased by $15 million, primarily due to higher sales volume, and Cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales decreased by 3.5 percentage points. The increase in gross margin was attributable to increased productivity and the benefits from structured cost actions taken through Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transit Segment Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $1 million and $5 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Operating expenses
Transit Segment Operating expenses as a percentage of Net sales were 17.2% and 17.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Transit Segment Operating expenses increased by $9 million as compared to the prior year. Higher SG&A expenses to support higher sales volume were partially offset by benefits from structured cost actions taken through Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transit SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $2 million and $3 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
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FIRST NINE MONTHS OF 2025 COMPARED TO FIRST NINE MONTHS OF 2024
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Net sales: |  |  |
Sales of goods | $ | 6,808 |  |  | $ | 6,323 |
Sales of services | 1,394 |  |  | 1,481 |
Total Net sales | 8,202 |  |  | 7,804 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |
Cost of goods | (4,548) |  |  | (4,413) |
Cost of services | (814) |  |  | (822) |
Total Cost of sales | (5,362) |  |  | (5,235) |
Gross profit | 2,840 |  |  | 2,569 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (1,029) |  |  | (915) |
Engineering expenses | (155) |  |  | (155) |
Amortization expense | (219) |  |  | (224) |
Total Operating expenses | (1,403) |  |  | (1,294) |
Income from operations | 1,437 |  |  | 1,275 |
Other income and expenses: |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (157) |  |  | (148) |
Other income (expense), net | 21 |  |  | (1) |
Income before income taxes | 1,301 |  |  | 1,126 |
Income tax expense | (322) |  |  | (272) |
Net income | 979 |  |  | 854 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (11) |  |  | (10) |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 844 |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

In millions | Freight Segment |  | Transit Segment |  | Total
First Nine Months of 2024 Net sales | $ | 5,674 |  |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | $ | 7,804 |
Acquisitions | 161 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 184 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (34) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (51) |
Foreign Exchange | (36) |  |  | 27 |  |  | (9) |
Organic | 148 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 274 |
First Nine Months of 2025 Net sales | $ | 5,913 |  |  | $ | 2,289 |  |  | $ | 8,202 |

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Net sales
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $398 million, or 5.1%, to $8.20 billion compared to the same period in 2024. Organic sales increased $274 million which was attributable to both the Freight and Transit Segments. Freight Services sales increased from higher deliveries of locomotive modernizations and engine overhauls. Freight Equipment sales increased primarily due to higher North American locomotive deliveries. Freight Components sales decreased due to lower North America rail car build, lower maintenance of way sales, and the exit of low margin business offerings through Portfolio Optimization. Transit sales increased from higher demand for Aftermarket and Original Equipment Manufacturing products and services driven by increased investments in sustainable infrastructure, fleet expansion and renewals and increased passenger ridership levels. Sales from acquisitions contributed $184 million, primarily from Inspection Technologies in the Freight Segment, and unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates decreased Net sales by $9 million.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $127 million, or 2.4%, to $5.36 billion compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily due to the increase in Net sales. Cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales was 65.4% and 67.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The improvement in gross margin is attributable to strong productivity and cost management, Integration 2.0 and 3.0 savings, and the exit of low margin business offerings through Portfolio Optimization. Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included $24 million of costs related to purchase price accounting for the step-up of Inspection Technologies inventory to fair value on the date of acquisition. Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $8 million and $19 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Operating expenses
Total operating expenses increased $109 million, or 8.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to the increase in SG&A. Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 17.1% and 16.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. SG&A expenses increased $114 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily from costs incurred to support the higher sales volume, transaction costs associated with completed and announced acquisitions, incremental expense from acquisitions, and higher employee compensation and benefit costs, partially offset by the impacts of Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transaction costs associated with completed and announced acquisitions included in SG&A were $44 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $12 million and $11 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net, increased $9 million to $157 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher average overall debt balances in the current period, primarily related to the Inspection Technologies acquisition.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net, increased $22 million to $21 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a $30 million net gain on mark-to-market derivatives in the current period associated with the anticipated acquisitions of Dellner Couplers and Frauscher, partially offset by lower equity income and higher foreign exchange losses.
Income taxes
The effective income tax rate was 24.8% and 24.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The year over year increase in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by audit closures that occurred during the third quarter of 2024, non-deductible transaction related expenses in the current year and the jurisdictional mix of earnings.
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Freight Segment
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for our Freight Segment for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of goods | $ | 4,524 |  |  | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | 7.7 | %
Sales of services | 1,389 |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | (85) |  |  | (5.8) | %
Total Net sales | 5,913 |  |  | 5,674 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 4.2 | %
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods | (2,970) |  |  | (2,889) |  |  | 81 |  |  | 2.8 | %
Cost of services | (811) |  |  | (818) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (0.9) | %
Total Cost of sales | (3,781) |  |  | (3,707) |  |  | 74 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Cost of sales (% of Net sales) | 63.9 | % |  | 65.3 | % |  | (1.4) |  |
Gross profit | 2,132 |  |  | 1,967 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 8.4 | %
Operating expenses | (883) |  |  | (818) |  |  | 65 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Income from operations | $ | 1,249 |  | $ | 1,149 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | 8.7 | %
Income from operations (% of Net sales) | 21.1 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 0.9 |  |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales for the Freight Segment in the first nine months of 2025 from the first nine months of 2024:

In millions |
First Nine Months of 2024 Net sales | $ | 5,674 |
Acquisitions | 161 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (34) |
Foreign Exchange | (36) |
Organic changes in Net sales by Product Line: |
Equipment | 109 |
Services | 88 |
Components | (31) |
Digital Intelligence | (18) |
First Nine Months of 2025 Net sales | $ | 5,913 |

Net sales
Freight Segment organic sales increased by $148 million driven primarily by Equipment sales from higher North American locomotive deliveries and Services sales from higher deliveries of locomotive modernizations and engine overhauls. This was partially offset by decreased Components sales from lower North America rail car build, lower maintenance of way sales, and the exit of low margin business offerings through Portfolio Optimization. Sales from acquisitions contributed $161 million, primarily from Inspection Technologies, and unfavorable changes in foreign exchange decreased sales by $36 million.
Cost of sales
Freight Segment Cost of sales increased by $74 million, primarily due to higher sales volume, and Cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales decreased 1.4 percentage points. The improvement in gross margin is attributable to strong productivity and cost management, Portfolio Optimization and Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included $24 million of costs related to purchase price accounting for the step-up of Inspection Technologies inventory to fair value on the date of acquisition. Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $5 million and $10 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
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Operating expenses
Freight Segment Operating expenses as a percentage of Net sales were 14.9% and 14.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Freight Segment Operating expenses increased by $65 million, primarily driven by higher SG&A expenses resulting from higher costs to support increased sales volume, higher employee compensation and benefit costs and incremental expense from acquisitions.
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Transit Segment
The following table shows our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for our Transit Segment for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 2,289 |  |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | 7.5 | %
Cost of sales | (1,581) |  |  | (1,528) |  |  | 53 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Cost of sales (% of Net sales) | 69.1 | % |  | 71.8 | % |  | (2.7) |  |
Gross profit | 708 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 17.6 | %
Operating expenses | (394) |  |  | (367) |  |  | 27 |  |  | 7.4 | %
Income from operations | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | 33.6 | %
Income from operations (% of Net sales) | 13.7 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 2.7 |  |

The following table shows the major components of the change in Net sales for the Transit Segment in the first nine months of 2025 from the first nine months of 2024:

In millions |
First Nine Months of 2024 Net sales | $ | 2,130 |
Acquisitions | 23 |
Portfolio Optimization (Divestitures/Exits) | (17) |
Foreign Exchange | 27 |
Organic changes in Net sales by Product Line: |
Original Equipment Manufacturing | 64 |
Aftermarket | 62 |
First Nine Months of 2025 Net sales | $ | 2,289 |

Net sales
Transit Segment organic sales increased by $126 million driven by strong Original Equipment Manufacturing and Aftermarket sales primarily as a result of increased demand for products and services due to fleet expansion and renewals, increased passenger ridership levels and increased investments in sustainable infrastructure. Sales from acquisitions contributed $23 million, and favorable changes in foreign exchange rates increased sales by $27 million.
Cost of sales
Transit Segment Cost of sales increased by $53 million, primarily due to higher sales volume, and Costs of sales as a percentage of Net sales decreased by 2.7 percentage points. The increase in gross margin is primarily attributable to increased productivity and the benefits from structured cost actions taken through Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transit Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $3 million and $9 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
Operating expenses
Transit Segment Operating expenses as a percentage of Net sales were 17.2% for both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Transit Segment Operating expenses increased by $27 million as compared to the prior year. Higher SG&A expenses to support higher sales volume and higher employee compensation and benefit costs were partially offset by benefits from structured cost actions taken through Integration 2.0 and 3.0. Transit SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included $10 million and $9 million, respectively, of costs related to restructuring initiatives.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is provided by operating cash flows, borrowings under the 2025 Credit Agreement with a consortium of commercial banks, and proceeds from the Company’s Senior Notes. Additionally, the Company utilizes the Revolving Receivables Program and supply chain financing program described below, as well as other short-term financing agreements with certain banks, for added flexibility as part of our liquidity management strategy. The following is a summary of selected cash flow information and other relevant data:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions | 2025 |  | 2024
Cash provided by (used for): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |
Investing activities | $ | (1,887) |  |  | $ | (106) |
Financing activities | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | (1,209) |

Operating activities In the first nine months of 2025, cash provided by operating activities was $767 million compared to $1,111 million in the first nine months of 2024. Significant changes to the sources and (uses) of cash for the nine month periods include the following:
•$125 million from increased Net income, partially offset by $(30) million for a non-cash gain on mark-to-market derivatives;
•$(276) million from changes in receivables driven by higher sales and the timing of collections from customers;
•$(113) million from changes in inventory due to increased raw material costs and tariffs and to support higher sales; and,
•$(65) million from changes to employee related benefit payments.
Investing activities In the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, cash used for investing activities was $(1,887) million and $(106) million, respectively. During the first nine months of 2025, Wabtec used $(1,755) million for acquisitions, primarily for Inspection Technologies, and used $(138) million for additions to property, plant and equipment for investments in our facilities and manufacturing processes. During the first nine months of 2024, Wabtec used $(123) million for additions to property, plant, and equipment, used $(13) million for acquisitions, received $17 million of proceeds from dispositions of businesses, and received $13 million of proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment.
Financing activities In the first nine months of 2025, cash provided by financing activities was $907 million, which included $1,235 million from net changes in debt, $(148) million in stock repurchases, $(130) million of dividend payments, $(39) million of payments for income tax withholding on share-based compensation, and $(6) million for distributions to noncontrolling interest. In the first nine months of 2024, cash used for financing activities was $(1,209) million, which included $(62) million from net changes in debt, $(974) million in stock repurchases, $(106) million of dividend payments, $(42) million of contingent consideration payments related to the GE Transportation acquisition, $(24) million of payments for income tax withholding on share-based compensation, and $(6) million for distributions to noncontrolling interest.
During the second quarter of 2025, the Company entered into the 2025 Credit Agreement, which amended and restated the 2022 Credit Agreement and refinanced the 2024 Credit Agreement. The 2025 Credit Agreement increased the amount available under the Revolving Credit Facility to $2.0 billion and provided a Term Loan Facility of $725 million. The Term Loan Facility was utilized to refinance (i) $250 million of the outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loan under the 2022 Credit Agreement and (ii) $225 million of the outstanding term loan under the 2024 Credit Agreement. During the third quarter of 2025, the remaining $250 million under the Term Loan Facility was drawn and utilized as part of funding for the Inspection Technologies acquisition.
Also during the second quarter of 2025, the Company issued $500 million of Senior Notes due in 2030 and $750 million of Senior Notes due in 2035. Proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash on hand were utilized to repay the outstanding amount of the 2025 Notes at maturity. Proceeds from the 2035 Notes were utilized as part of funding for the Inspection Technologies acquisition.
During the first quarter of 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Credit Agreement for a term loan of $225 million. Also during the first quarter of 2024, the Company issued $500 million of Senior Notes due in 2034. Proceeds from the 2034 Notes, combined with the proceeds from the term loan under the 2024 Credit Agreement and cash on hand, were utilized to repay the outstanding amount of 2024 Notes at maturity.
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As of September 30, 2025, the Company held approximately $528 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, of which approximately $45 million was held within the United States and approximately $483 million was held outside of the United States, primarily in Europe, India, Brazil, and China. While repatriation of some cash held outside the United States may be restricted by local laws, most of the Company’s foreign cash could be repatriated to the United States net of any tax impacts. As of September 30, 2025, approximately $28 million of the Company's $528 million cash balance was classified as restricted.
We or our affiliates may, from time to time, seek to retire or purchase outstanding debt through negotiated or open-market cash purchases, exchanges, or otherwise, and such transactions, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
Revolving Receivables Program
Effective January 1, 2025, the Company utilizes its Revolving Receivables Program to request borrowings from a financial institution against certain collateralized receivables for up to $350 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company amended the Revolving Receivables Program to increase its availability from $350 million to up to $450 million. The Company collateralizes certain receivables through our bankruptcy-remote subsidiary on a recurring basis. As customers pay their balances, we transfer additional receivables into the program. Borrowings and repayments under the Revolving Receivables Program are included within Proceeds from debt and Payments of debt within the Financing activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Prior to January 1, 2025, the Company utilized its Revolving Receivables Program to sell certain receivables for up to $350 million on a recurring basis. Net cash proceeds received from the sale of receivables in exchange for cash equal to the gross receivables sold are included in cash from operations within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company borrowed and repaid $800 million and $600 million, respectively, against the collateralized receivables. There were no receivables sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Net cash proceeds included in cash from operations from the Revolving Receivables Program was $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Additional information with respect to the Revolving Receivables Program is included in Note 2 of "Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Supply Chain Financing Program
The Company has entered into supply chain financing arrangements with third-party financial institutions to provide our vendors with enhanced payment options while providing the Company with added working capital flexibility. The Company does not provide any guarantees under these arrangements, does not have an economic interest in our suppliers' voluntary participation, does not receive an economic benefit from the financial institutions, and no assets are pledged under the arrangements. The arrangements do not change the payable terms negotiated by the Company and our vendors and does not result in a change in the classification of amounts due as Accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional information with respect to the Supply Chain Financing Program is included in Note 2 of "Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Intra-Quarter Uncommitted Money Market Line Credit Agreement
During the third quarter of 2024, the Company entered into an uncommitted bilateral money market line credit agreement which provides an aggregate borrowing capacity of $150 million, for general business purposes and working capital needs within a quarter.
Total Available Liquidity
The components of total available liquidity were as follows:

In millions | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 706 |
Revolving Credit Facility | 2,000 |  |  | 1,500 |
Revolving Receivables Program | 250 |  |  | 350 |
Total Available Liquidity | $ | 2,750 |  |  | $ | 2,556 |

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On July 1, 2025, Wabtec acquired Inspection Technologies for approximately $1.788 billion, which was financed through a combination of cash on hand, proceeds from the 2035 Notes, and borrowings under other sources of available liquidity.
On March 18, 2025, Wabtec announced a definitive agreement to acquire Dellner Couplers, with a purchase price of approximately €890 million. In addition, on July 7, 2025, Wabtec announced a definitive agreement to acquire Frauscher Sensor Technology Group, with a purchase price of approximately €675 million. In connection with the announced definitive agreements to acquire Dellner Couplers and Frauscher, the Company entered into foreign exchange contracts for a notional amount of €890 million to mitigate foreign currency exposure associated with the acquisitions. Wabtec intends to finance these acquisitions using cash on hand, together with a mix of short- and long-term borrowings.
Guarantor Summarized Financial Information
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (the “Parent Company”) has issued 3.20% Senior Notes due 2025, 3.45% Senior Notes due 2026, 4.70% Senior Notes due 2028, 4.90% Senior Notes due 2030, 5.611% Senior Notes due 2034, and 5.50% Senior Notes due 2035 (collectively, the “US Notes”).
The obligations under the US Notes issued by the Parent Company have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed by certain of the Parent Company's U.S. subsidiaries ("Guarantor Subsidiaries"), currently comprising GE Transportation, a Wabtec Company, RFPC Holding Corp., Transportation IP Holdings, LLC, Transportation Systems Services Operations Inc., Wabtec Components LLC, Wabtec Holding LLC, Wabtec Railway Electronics Holdings, LLC, Wabtec Transportation Systems, LLC and Wabtec US Rail, Inc.. Each guarantor is 100% owned by the Parent Company, with the exception of GE Transportation, a Wabtec Company, which has 15,000 shares outstanding of Class A Non-Voting Preferred Stock held by General Electric Company. The Euro Notes are issued by Wabtec Transportation Netherlands B.V. ("Wabtec Netherlands") and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company.
The following tables present summarized financial information of the Parent Company and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis. The combined summarized financial information eliminates (i) intercompany balances and transactions among the Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries and (ii) equity in earnings from and investments in any subsidiary that is not a Guarantor Subsidiary.
The summarized financial information is provided in accordance with the reporting requirements of Rule 13-01 under SEC Regulation S-X for the Parent Company, as the issuer of the US Notes, and Guarantor Subsidiaries.
Summarized Statement of Income

|  | Unaudited
|  | Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries
In millions |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Net sales |  | $ | 4,663 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 802 |
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders |  | $ | 294 |

Summarized Balance Sheet

|  | Unaudited
|  | Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries
In millions |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Current assets |  | $ | 1,395 |  |  | $ | 1,624 |
Noncurrent assets |  | $ | 3,434 |  |  | $ | 3,500 |
Current liabilities |  | $ | 2,118 |  |  | $ | 2,278 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 4,450 |  |  | $ | 2,962 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | 571 |  |  | $ | 738 |

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The following is a description of the transactions between the combined Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries with non-guarantor subsidiaries.

|  | Unaudited
|  | Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries
In millions |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Net sales to non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 699 |
Purchases from non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 952 |
|  | Unaudited
|  | Parent Company and Guarantor Subsidiaries
In millions |  | September 30, 2025
Amount due to non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 7,205 |

Summarized Financial Information—Euro Notes
The obligations under Wabtec Netherlands’ Euro Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company. Wabtec Netherlands is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of the Parent Company. Wabtec Netherlands is a holding company and does not have any independent operations. Its assets consist of its investments in subsidiaries, which are separate and distinct legal entities that are not guarantors of the Euro Notes and have no obligations to pay amounts due under Wabtec Netherlands’ obligations.
The following tables present summarized financial information of Wabtec Netherlands, as the Issuer of the Euro Notes, and the Parent Company, as the parent Guarantor, on a combined basis. The combined summarized financial information eliminates all intercompany balances and transactions among Wabtec Netherlands and the Parent Company as well as all equity in earnings from and investments in any subsidiary of the Parent Company, other than Wabtec Netherlands, which we refer to below as the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.
The summarized financial information is provided in accordance with the reporting requirements of Rule 13-01 under SEC Regulation S-X for Wabtec Netherlands, as the issuer of the Euro Notes, and Parent Company guarantor.
Summarized Statement of Income

|  | Unaudited
|  | Issuer and Parent Company (Guarantor)
In millions |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Net sales |  | $ | 436 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 103 |
Net loss attributable to Wabtec shareholders |  | $ | (223) |

Summarized Balance Sheet

|  | Unaudited
|  | Issuer and Parent Company (Guarantor)
In millions |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Current assets |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 546 |
Noncurrent assets |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 646 |
Current liabilities |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 1,014 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 5,033 |  |  | $ | 3,479 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 49 |

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The following is a description of the transactions between the combined Wabtec Netherlands, as the Issuer of the Euro Notes, and the Parent Company, as the parent Guarantor, with the subsidiaries of Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corp., other than Wabtec Netherlands, none of which are guarantors of the Euro Notes.

|  | Unaudited
|  | Issuer and Parent Company (Guarantor)
In millions |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Net sales to non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 28 |
Purchases from non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 92 |
|  | Unaudited
|  | Issuer and Parent Company (Guarantor)
In millions |  | September 30, 2025
Amount due to non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | $ | 8,758 |

Contractual Obligations
During the second quarter of 2025, the Company entered into the 2025 Credit Agreement and utilized the Term Loan Facility, which will mature on April 23, 2030 to refinance (i) $250 million of the outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loan that was scheduled to mature August 15, 2027 under the 2022 Credit Agreement and (ii) $225 million of the outstanding term loan that was scheduled to mature March 14, 2029 under the 2024 Credit Agreement. Also during the second quarter of 2025, the Company issued $500 million of 2030 Notes and $750 million of 2035 Notes. Proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash on hand were utilized to repay the outstanding amount of the 2025 Notes at maturity. During the third quarter of 2025, the remaining $250 million under the Term Loan Facility was drawn and utilized as part of funding for the Inspection Technologies acquisition. As a result of the foregoing, as of September 30, 2025, contractual obligations related to the repayment of long-term debt decreased for 2026-2027 from $1,520 million to $1,270 million, and for 2028-2029 from $1,475 million to $1,250 million, and increased for 2030 and beyond from $500 million to $2,475 million.
Company Stock Repurchase Plan
On December 3, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $1.0 billion to the Company's existing stock repurchase program for stock repurchases of the Company’s outstanding shares. This new authorization provides an additional $1.0 billion that became available for repurchases after the remaining availability as of December 3, 2024 was expended. No time limit was set for the completion of the program, which conformed to the requirements under the 2022 Credit Agreement and the 2024 Credit Agreement, and complies with the requirements under the 2025 Credit Agreement and the indentures for the Senior Notes currently outstanding. The Company may repurchase shares in the future at any time, depending upon market conditions, our capital needs and other factors. Purchases of shares may be made by open market purchases or privately negotiated purchases and may be made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plan or otherwise. As of September 30, 2025, approximately $852 million was remaining under the stock repurchase plan.
Forward Looking Statements
We believe that all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including certain statements under “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” may constitute forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Although we believe that our assumptions made in connection with the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure that our assumptions and expectations are correct.
These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, including, among other things:
Economic and industry conditions
•changes in general economic and/or industry specific conditions, including the impacts of tax and tariff programs, inflation, supply chain disruptions, foreign currency exchange, and industry consolidation;
•the impacts of significant recent shifts in trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs, retaliatory tariff measures, and subsequent modifications or suspensions thereof, and market reactions to such policies and resulting trade disputes;
•prolonged unfavorable economic and industry conditions in the markets served by us, including North America, South America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa;
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•decline in demand for freight cars, locomotives, passenger transit cars, buses and related products and services;
•reliance on major original equipment manufacturer customers;
•original equipment manufacturers’ program delays;
•decreased demand for services in the freight and passenger rail industry;
•decreased demand for our products and services;
•orders either being delayed, canceled, not returning to historical levels or being reduced, and/or economic conditions affecting the ability of our customers to pay timely for goods and services delivered;
•consolidations in the rail industry;
•continued outsourcing by our customers;
•industry demand for faster and more efficient braking equipment;
•fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates;
•availability of credit or difficulty in obtaining debt or equity financing;
•changes in market consensus as to what attributes are required for projects to be considered "green" or "sustainable" or negative perceptions regarding determinations in such regard with respect to our Green Finance Framework or sustainability strategy; or
•changes in the sustainability topics that have the highest relative priority for Wabtec's external stakeholders;
Operating factors
•supply disruptions;
•technical difficulties;
•changes in operating conditions and costs;
•increases in raw material costs;
•challenges associated with the successful introduction of new products;
•product safety, quality and reliability;
•performance under material long-term contracts;
•labor availability constraints and labor relations challenges;
•the outcome of our existing or any future legal proceedings, including litigation involving our principal customers and any litigation with respect to environmental matters, asbestos-related matters, pension liabilities, warranties, product liabilities, competition and anti-trust matters or intellectual property claims;
•our ability to successfully complete and integrate acquisitions;
•risks associated with the development and use of new technology; or
•cybersecurity and data protection risks;
Competitive factors
•the actions of competitors; or
•adverse outcomes of negotiations with partners, suppliers, customers or others;
Political/governmental factors
•political instability in relevant areas of the world, including the impacts of war, conflicts, global military action, and acts of terrorism;
•future regulation/deregulation of our customers and/or the rail industry;
•decreases in levels of governmental funding on transit projects, including for some of our customers;
•political developments and laws and regulations, including those related to Positive Train Control;
•consequences of federal and state income tax legislation;
•sanctions imposed on countries and persons; or
•the outcome of negotiations with governments;
Natural hazards / health crises
•impacts of climate change, including evolving climate change policy;
•disruptive natural hazards, including earthquakes, fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes or other weather conditions;
•epidemics, pandemics, or similar public health crises;
•deterioration of general economic conditions as a result of natural hazards or health crises;
•shutdown of one or more of our operating facilities as a result of natural hazards and health crises; or
•supply chain and sourcing disruptions as a result of natural hazards, health crises or other external factors;
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q apply only as of the date on which such statements are made, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Reference is also made to the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
A summary of critical accounting estimates is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In particular, judgment is used in areas such as accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories, business combinations, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, warranty reserves, income taxes, and revenue recognition. There have been no significant changes in the related accounting policies since December 31, 2024.
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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 7A of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially since December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 13 - Fair Value Measurement and Derivative Instruments of "Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information regarding interest rate and foreign currency exchange risk.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Wabtec’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of Wabtec’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of September 30, 2025. Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that Wabtec’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Wabtec in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Wabtec in such reports is accumulated and communicated to Wabtec’s Management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There was no change in Wabtec’s “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Wabtec’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Additional information with respect to legal proceedings is included in Note 14 of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table summarizes the Company's stock repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2025:

Issuer Purchases of Common Stock
In millions, except shares and price per share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (1) |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (1)
July 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 852 |
August 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 852 |
September 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 852 |
Total quarter ended September 30, 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 852 |

(1) On December 3, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $1.0 billion to the Company's existing stock repurchase program for stock repurchases of the Company’s outstanding shares. This new authorization provides an additional $1.0 billion that became available for repurchases after the remaining availability as of December 3, 2024 was expended. No time limit was set for the completion of the program, which conformed to the requirements under the 2022 Credit Agreement and the 2024 Credit Agreement, and complies with the requirements under the 2025 Credit Agreement and the indentures for the Senior Notes currently outstanding. The Company may repurchase shares in the future at any time, depending upon market conditions, our capital needs and other factors. Purchases of shares may be made by open market purchases or privately negotiated purchases and may be made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plan or otherwise. As of September 30, 2025, approximately $852 million was remaining under the stock repurchase plan.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None of Wabtec's Directors or Officers have adopted, terminated, or materially modified any trading plans, whether or not the plan was intended to qualify for the affirmative defense under Rule 10b5-1, during the third quarter ended September 30, 2025.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are being filed with this report:

22.1 | List of Subsidiary Guarantors
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
By: | /s/ JOHN A. OLIN
| John A. Olin
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
DATE: | October 22, 2025

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