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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
| For the quarterly period ended | September 30, 2024
☐ | Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
| For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 0-24429

COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3728359
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

300 Frank W. Burr Blvd.
Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (201) 801-0233
N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year,
if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | CTSH | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No: ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No: ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of October 25, 2024:

Class |  | Number of Shares
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | 495,824,260

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
GLOSSARY | 1
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 2
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Unaudited) as of Sep tember 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and N i ne Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, June 30, 2024 and 2023, and September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended Sep tember 30, 2024 and 2023 | 9
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 42
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 43
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 43
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 43
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
Item 5. | Other Information | 43
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
SIGNATURES | 45

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GLOSSARY

Defined Term | Definition |
10b5-1 Plan | Trading plan adopted pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | Adjusted diluted earnings per share |
AI | Artificial intelligence |
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification |
CC | Constant Currency |
CE | Continental Europe |
CITA | Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) in India |
CMT | Communications, Media and Technology |
CODM | Chief Operating Decision Maker |
Credit Agreement | Credit agreement with a commercial bank syndicate dated April 18, 2024, as amended |
CTS India | Our principal operating subsidiary in India |
DOJ | United States Department of Justice |
DSO | Days Sales Outstanding |
DTSA | Defend Trade Secrets Act |
EPS | Earnings per share |
ESG | Environmental, social and corporate governance |
EU | European Union |
Exchange Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
FS | Financial Services |
GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America |
GenAI | Generative artificial intelligence |
HS | Health Sciences |
High Court | Madras, India High Court |
India Defined Contribution Obligation | Certain statutory defined contribution obligations of employees and employers in India |
IRS | Internal Revenue Service |
ITAT | Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in India |
ITD | Indian Income Tax Department |
NA | North America |
Ninth Circuit | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit |
OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
P&R | Products & Resources |
Recently completed acquisitions | Acquisitions that were completed in the 12 months preceding the beginning of the reporting period (in order to identify the impact of such acquisitions for the first twelve months of ownership) |
RoW | Rest of World |
SCI | Supreme Court of India |
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission |
Second Circuit | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit |
SG&A | Selling, general and administrative |
Syntel | Syntel Sterling Best Shores Mauritius Ltd. |
Tax Reform Act | Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |
Term Loan | Unsecured term loan under the Credit Agreement |
TriZetto | The TriZetto Group, Inc., now known as Cognizant Technology Software Group, Inc. |
UK | United Kingdom |
USDC-CDCA | United States District Court for the Central District of California |
USDC-NJ | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey |
USDC-SDNY | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York |

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 1 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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Forward Looking Statements

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act) that involve risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “should” or “anticipate” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. From time to time, we or our representatives have made or may make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing.
Such forward-looking statements may be included in various filings made by us with the SEC, in press releases or in oral statements made by or with the approval of one of our authorized executive officers. These forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our anticipated future revenues, operating margin, earnings, capital expenditures, impacts to our business, financial results and financial condition as a result of the competitive marketplace for talent and future attrition trends, anticipated effective income tax rate and income tax expense, liquidity, financing strategy, access to capital, capital return strategy, investment strategies, cost management, plans and objectives, including those related to the NextGen program, investment in our business, potential acquisitions, industry trends, client behaviors and trends, the outcome of and costs associated with regulatory and litigation matters, the appropriateness of the accrual related to the India Defined Contribution Obligation, matters related to the Belcan acquisition and other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Actual results, performance, achievements and outcomes could differ materially from the results expressed in, or anticipated or implied by, these forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including:
•economic and geopolitical conditions globally, in particular in the markets in which our clients and operations are concentrated;
•our ability to attract, train and retain skilled employees, including highly skilled technical personnel and personnel with experience in key digital areas and senior management to lead our business globally, at an acceptable cost;
•unexpected terminations of client contracts on short notice or reduced spending by clients for reasons beyond our control;
•challenges related to growing our business organically as well as inorganically through acquisitions, and our ability to achieve our targeted growth rates;
•our ability to successfully implement our NextGen program and the amount of costs, timing of incurring costs, and ultimate benefits of such plans;
•our ability to achieve our profitability goals and maintain our capital return strategy;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, or the failure of our hedging strategies to mitigate such fluctuations;
•our ability to meet specified service levels or milestones required by certain of our contracts;
•intense and evolving competition and significant technological advances that our service offerings must keep pace with in the rapidly changing markets we compete in;
•our ability to successfully use AI-based technologies in our client offerings and our own internal operations;
•legal, reputation and financial risks if we fail to protect client and/or our data from security breaches and/or cyber attacks;
•the impact of future pandemics, epidemics or other outbreaks of disease, on our business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition;
•the impact of climate change on our business;
•our ability to meet ESG expectations and commitments;
•the effectiveness of our risk management, business continuity and disaster recovery plans and the potential that our global delivery capabilities could be impacted;
•restrictions on visas, in particular in the United States, UK and EU, or immigration more generally or increased costs of such visas or the wages we are required to pay employees on visas, which may affect our ability to compete for and provide services to our clients;
•risks related to anti-outsourcing legislation, if adopted, and negative perceptions associated with offshore outsourcing, both of which could impair our ability to serve our clients;

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 2 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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•risks and costs related to complying with numerous and evolving legal and regulatory requirements and client expectations in the many jurisdictions in which we operate;
•potential changes in tax laws, or in their interpretation or enforcement, failure by us to adapt our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements, or adverse outcomes of tax audits, investigations or proceedings;
•potential exposure to litigation and legal claims in the conduct of our business; and
•the factors set forth in "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in the reports we file with the SEC, including this report in the section titled “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part I, Item 1. Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 3 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Unaudited)

(in millions, except par values) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,013 |  |  | $ | 2,621 |
Short-term investments | 12 |  |  | 14 |
Trade accounts receivable, net | 4,206 |  |  | 3,849 |
Other current assets | 1,317 |  |  | 1,022 |
Total current assets | 7,548 |  |  | 7,506 |
Property and equipment, net | 1,001 |  |  | 1,048 |
Operating lease assets, net | 587 |  |  | 611 |
Goodwill | 7,132 |  |  | 6,085 |
Intangible assets, net | 1,681 |  |  | 1,149 |
Deferred income tax assets, net | 1,091 |  |  | 993 |
Long-term investments | 90 |  |  | 435 |
Other noncurrent assets | 1,034 |  |  | 656 |
Total assets | $ | 20,164 |  |  | $ | 18,483 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 337 |
Deferred revenue | 355 |  |  | 385 |
Short-term debt | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Operating lease liabilities | 192 |  |  | 153 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 2,504 |  |  | 2,425 |
Total current liabilities | 3,388 |  |  | 3,333 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent | 28 |  |  | 42 |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | 455 |  |  | 523 |
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | 218 |  |  | 226 |
Long-term debt | 1,183 |  |  | 606 |
Long-term income taxes payable | — |  |  | 157 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 440 |  |  | 369 |
Total liabilities | 5,712 |  |  | 5,256 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 15 shares authorized, none issued | — |  |  | — |
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 496 and 498 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Additional paid-in capital | 58 |  |  | 15 |
Retained earnings | 14,347 |  |  | 13,301 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 42 |  |  | (94) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 14,452 |  |  | 13,227 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 20,164 |  |  | $ | 18,483 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 4 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenues | $ | 5,044 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 14,654 |  |  | $ | 14,595 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense shown separately below) | 3,311 |  |  | 3,209 |  |  | 9,661 |  |  | 9,583 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 833 |  |  | 801 |  |  | 2,379 |  |  | 2,466 |
Restructuring charges | 33 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 189 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 129 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 392 |
Income from operations | 738 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  | 1,965 |
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 31 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 92 |
Interest expense | (14) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (35) |  |  | (30) |
Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |
Other, net | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |
Total other income (expense), net | 10 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 73 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 748 |  |  | 713 |  |  | 2,198 |  |  | 2,038 |
Provision for income taxes | (170) |  |  | (191) |  |  | (514) |  |  | (473) |
Income (loss) from equity method investments | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |
Net income | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 525 |  |  | $ | 1,694 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.17 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 3.41 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.17 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 3.41 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic | 496 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 506 |
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted | 496 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 507 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 5 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

(in millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 525 |  |  | $ | 1,694 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 206 |  |  | (129) |  |  | 132 |  |  | (35) |
Unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges | (14) |  |  | (15) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 49 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 192 |  |  | (144) |  |  | 136 |  |  | 14 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 1,830 |  |  | $ | 1,582 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 6 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data) |  | Class A Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  | 498 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 13,301 |  |  | $ | (94) |  |  | $ | 13,227 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62) |  |  | (62) |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | (76) |  |  | — |  |  | (133) |
Dividends declared, $0.30 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (150) |  |  | — |  |  | (150) |
Balance, March 31, 2024 |  | 497 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 13,621 |  |  | (156) |  |  | 13,490 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 566 |  |  | — |  |  | 566 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (68) |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (76) |
Dividends declared, $0.30 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (151) |  |  | — |  |  | (151) |
Balance, June 30, 2024 |  | 497 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 14,028 |  |  | (150) |  |  | 13,898 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 582 |  |  | — |  |  | 582 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |  |  | 192 |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Common stock issued, acquisition related |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (128) |  |  | (114) |  |  | — |  |  | (242) |
Dividends declared, $0.30 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |
Balance, September 30, 2024 |  | 496 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 14,347 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 14,452 |

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(in millions, except per share data) |  | Class A Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  | 509 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 12,588 |  |  | $ | (299) |  |  | $ | 12,309 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 580 |  |  | — |  |  | 580 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 77 |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (60) |  |  | (163) |  |  | — |  |  | (223) |
Dividends declared, $0.29 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  | 507 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 12,856 |  |  | (222) |  |  | 12,661 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 81 |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (65) |  |  | (150) |  |  | — |  |  | (215) |
Dividends declared, $0.29 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (147) |  |  | — |  |  | (147) |
Balance, June 30, 2023 |  | 505 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 13,022 |  |  | (141) |  |  | 12,903 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 525 |  |  | — |  |  | 525 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (144) |  |  | (144) |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | (253) |  |  | — |  |  | (317) |
Dividends declared, $0.29 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (148) |  |  | — |  |  | (148) |
Balance, September 30, 2023 |  | 501 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 13,146 |  |  | $ | (285) |  |  | $ | 12,882 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

(in millions) | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,694 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 399 |  |  | 419 |
Deferred income taxes | (202) |  |  | (287) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 134 |  |  | 133 |
Other | 23 |  |  | 57 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of the effect of business combinations: |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable, current | (166) |  |  | (14) |
Other current and noncurrent assets | (512) |  |  | 142 |
Accounts payable | (29) |  |  | (35) |
Deferred revenues, current and noncurrent | (56) |  |  | (93) |
Other current and noncurrent liabilities | (81) |  |  | (297) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,204 |  |  | 1,593 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (214) |  |  | (239) |
Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities | — |  |  | (59) |
Proceeds from maturity or sale of available-for-sale investment securities | — |  |  | 225 |
Purchases of held-to-maturity investment securities | — |  |  | (3) |
Proceeds from maturity of held-to-maturity investment securities | 3 |  |  | 24 |
Purchases of other investments | (1) |  |  | (399) |
Proceeds from maturity or sale of other investments | 260 |  |  | 361 |
Payments for business combinations, net of cash acquired | (1,615) |  |  | (409) |
Net cash (used in) investing activities | (1,567) |  |  | (499) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans | 49 |  |  | 57 |
Repurchases of common stock | (451) |  |  | (751) |
Repayment of Term Loan borrowings and earnout and finance lease obligations | (61) |  |  | (15) |
Proceeds from borrowings under the revolving credit facility | 600 |  |  | — |
Dividends paid | (450) |  |  | (445) |
Net cash (used in) financing activities | (313) |  |  | (1,154)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | (28) |  |  | (30) |
(Decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | (704) |  |  | (90) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents beginning of year | 2,717 |  |  | 2,294 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 2,013 |  |  | $ | 2,204 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

The terms “Cognizant,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “the Company” refer to Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein in accordance with GAAP and the Exchange Act. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction w ith our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire year.
New Accounting Pronouncements

Date Issued and Topic | Effective Date | Description | Impact
November 2023 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures | Annual period starting in 2024 and interim periods starting in 2025 Retrospective basis | The standard requires enhanced segment disclosures but does not change the definition of a segment or the guidance for determining a reportable segment. The amendments require disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the CODM included within segment operating profit or loss and a description of how the CODM utilizes segment operating profit or loss to assess segment performance and allocate resources. The new standard also allows companies to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss if those measures are used to allocate resources. | The adoption of the new standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our disclosures.
December 2023 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures | Annual period starting in 2025 Prospective basis although retrospective application is permitted | The standard requires enhanced income tax disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. | The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its disclosures.

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Note 2 — Revenues and Trade Accounts Receivable

Disaggregation of Revenues
The tables below present disaggregated revenues from contracts with clients by client location, service line and contract type for each of our reportable business segments. We believe this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by industry, market and other economic factors. Our consulting and technology services include consulting, application development, systems integration, quality engineering and assurance services as well as software solutions and related services while our outsourcing services include application maintenance, infrastructure and security as well as business process services. Revenues are attributed to geographic regions based upon client location, which is the client's billing address. Substantially all revenues in the North America region relate to clients in the United States.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(in millions) |  | FS |  | HS |  | P&R |  | CMT |  | Total |  | FS |  | HS |  | P&R |  | CMT |  | Total
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  | $ | 1,048 |  |  | $ | 1,295 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 3,735 |  |  | $ | 3,064 |  |  | $ | 3,756 |  |  | $ | 2,362 |  |  | $ | 1,694 |  |  | $ | 10,876 |
United Kingdom |  | 147 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 1,382 |
Continental Europe |  | 156 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 1,438 |
Europe - Total |  | 303 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 967 |  |  | 885 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 862 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 2,820 |
Rest of World |  | 135 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 958 |
Total |  | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 5,044 |  |  | $ | 4,318 |  |  | $ | 4,391 |  |  | $ | 3,487 |  |  | $ | 2,458 |  |  | $ | 14,654 |
Service line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consulting and technology services |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 3,226 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | 2,297 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 9,255 |
Outsourcing services |  | 435 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 1,818 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 1,831 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 1,085 |  |  | 5,399 |
Total |  | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 5,044 |  |  | $ | 4,318 |  |  | $ | 4,391 |  |  | $ | 3,487 |  |  | $ | 2,458 |  |  | $ | 14,654 |
Type of contract: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time and materials |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 499 |  |  | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 2,282 |  |  | $ | 2,421 |  |  | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 1,428 |  |  | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 6,671 |
Fixed-price |  | 608 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | 1,803 |  |  | 994 |  |  | 6,669 |
Transaction or volume-based |  | 45 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 794 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 1,314 |
Total |  | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 5,044 |  |  | $ | 4,318 |  |  | $ | 4,391 |  |  | $ | 3,487 |  |  | $ | 2,458 |  |  | $ | 14,654 |

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in millions) |  | FS |  | HS |  | P&R |  | CMT |  | Total |  | FS |  | HS |  | P&R |  | CMT |  | Total
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | $ | 1,194 |  |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 3,599 |  |  | $ | 3,100 |  |  | $ | 3,675 |  |  | $ | 2,306 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |  |  | $ | 10,733 |
United Kingdom |  | 156 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 1,437 |
Continental Europe |  | 151 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 1,439 |
Europe - Total |  | 307 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 970 |  |  | 931 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 2,876 |
Rest of World |  | 128 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 986 |
Total |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 4,278 |  |  | $ | 3,465 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |  |  | $ | 14,595 |
Service line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consulting and technology services |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | 806 |  |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 3,022 |  |  | $ | 3,019 |  |  | $ | 2,440 |  |  | $ | 2,258 |  |  | $ | 1,318 |  |  | $ | 9,035 |
Outsourcing services |  | 462 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | 1,395 |  |  | 1,838 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 5,560 |
Total |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 4,278 |  |  | $ | 3,465 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |  |  | $ | 14,595 |
Type of contract: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time and materials |  | $ | 806 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 471 |  |  | $ | 471 |  |  | $ | 2,261 |  |  | $ | 2,478 |  |  | $ | 1,520 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |  |  | $ | 1,395 |  |  | $ | 6,784 |
Fixed-price |  | 611 |  |  | 640 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 2,189 |  |  | 1,764 |  |  | 1,945 |  |  | 1,807 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 6,442 |
Transaction or volume-based |  | 58 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 1,369 |
Total |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 4,278 |  |  | $ | 3,465 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |  |  | $ | 14,595 |

Costs to Fulfill
The following table shows significant movements in the capitalized costs to fulfill for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 265 |
Costs capitalized |  | 43 |  |  | 41 |
Amortization expense |  | (69) |  |  | (64) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 242 |

Costs to obtain contracts were immaterial for the periods disclosed.
Contract Balances
The table below shows significant movements in contract assets (current and noncurrent) for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 326 |
Revenues recognized during the period but not billed |  | 377 |  |  | 370 |
Amounts reclassified to trade accounts receivable |  | (270) |  |  | (316) |
Amounts acquired in business combinations |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 389 |

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The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 417 |
Amounts billed but not recognized as revenues |  | 298 |  |  | 228 |
Revenues recognized related to the beginning balance of deferred revenue |  | (354) |  |  | (322) |
Amounts acquired in business combinations |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 383 |  |  | $ | 336 |

Revenues recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods were immaterial.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $4,700 million, of which approximately 55% is expected to be recognized as revenues within 2 years and approximately 85% is expected to be recognized as revenues within 5 years. Disclosure is not required for performance obligations that meet any of the following criteria:
(1)contracts with a duration of one year or less as determined under ASC Topic 606: "Revenue from Contracts with Customers",
(2)contracts for which we recognize revenues based on the right to invoice for services performed,
(3)variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606-10-32-40 have been met, or
(4)variable consideration in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.
Many of our performance obligations meet one or more of these exemptions and therefore are not included in the remaining performance obligation amount disclosed above.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
We calculate expected credit losses for trade accounts receivable based on historical credit loss rates for each aging category as adjusted for the current market conditions and forecasts about future economic conditions. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for trade accounts receivable for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Credit loss expense (1) |  | 7 |  |  | 11 |
Write-offs charged against the allowance |  | (9) |  |  | (18) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 36 |

(1)Reported in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

Note 3 — Business Combinations

On January 22, 2024, through the execution of a share purchase agreement, we acquired 100% owners hip in Thirdera, an Elite ServiceNow Partner specializing in advisory, implementation and optimization solutions related to the ServiceNow platform.
On August 26, 2024, through the execution of a merger agreement, we acquired 100% ownership in Belcan, a leading global supplier of Engineering Research & Development services for the commercial aerospace, defense, space, marine and industrial verticals. We paid $1,195 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and issued 1,470,589 shares of our Class A common stock, valued at $113 million, in connection with our acquisition of Belcan.
The acquisitions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were not material to our operations. Accordingly, pro forma results have not been presented. We have allocated the purchase price related to these transactions to

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tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including goodwill, based on their estimated fair values.
The allocations of preliminary purchase price to the fair value of the aggregate assets acquired and li abilities assumed were as follows:

(in millions) | Thirdera |  | Belcan |  | Total |  | Weighted Average Useful Life
Cash | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable | 21 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 198 |  |  |
Other current assets | 11 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 31 |  |  |
Property and equipment and other noncurrent assets | 2 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 24 |  |  |
Operating lease assets | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | 49 |  |  |
Non-deductible goodwill | 178 |  |  | 668 |  |  | 846 |  |  |
Tax-deductible goodwill | 166 |  |  | — |  |  | 166 |  |  |
Customer relationship assets | 73 |  |  | 539 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 11.0 years
Other definite-lived intangible assets | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1.0 year
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | 45 |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | (8) |  |  |
Other current liabilities | (29) |  |  | (69) |  |  | (98) |  |  |
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | (3) |  |  | (94) |  |  | (97) |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | — |  |  | (41) |  |  | (41) |  |  |
Purchase price | $ | 428 |  |  | $ | 1,363 |  |  | $ | 1,791 |  |  |

Goodwill from our acquisition of Thirdera is expected to benefit all of our reportable segments and has been allocated as such. Goodwill from our acquisition of Belcan has been allocated to our Product and Resources segment. The primary items that generated goodwill are the acquired assembled workforce and synergies between the acquired companies and us, neither of which qualify as identifiable intangible assets. The above allocations are preliminary and will be finalized as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but in no event later than one year following the date of acquisition.

Note 4 — Restructuring Charges

In the second quarter of 2023, we initiated the NextGen program aimed at simplifying our operating model, optimizing corporate functions and consolidating and realigning office space to reflect the post-pandemic hybrid work environment. We expect the NextGen program to be completed by the end of 2024.
The total costs related to our NextGen program are reported in "Restructuring charges" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations. We do not allocate these charges to individual segments in internal management reports used by the CODM. Accordingly, such expenses are separately disclosed in our segment reporting as “unallocated costs”. See Note 13. The costs related to our NextGen program are as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Employee separation costs | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 93 |
Facility exit costs (1) | 4 |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 92 |
Third party and other costs (2) | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 189 |

(1)For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, facility exit costs include accelerated depreciation charges of $4 million and $11 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, facility exit costs include accelerated depreciation charges of $17 million and $27 million, respectively.
(2)Third party and other costs include certain non-facility related asset impairments and other professional services fees directly related to the NextGen program.
We expect to record total costs of approximately $335 million in connection with the NextGen program. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred $229 million of costs in connection with the NextGen program.

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Changes in our accrued employee separation costs included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position are presented in the table below for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | — |
Employee separation costs accrued |  | 55 |  |  | 93 |
Payments made |  | (75) |  |  | (56) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 37 |

Note 5 — Investments

Our investments were as follows:

(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Short-term investments: |  |  |
Equity investment security | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities | — |  |  | 3 |
Time deposits | 1 |  |  | — |
Total short-term investments | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 14 |

Long-term investments: |  |  |
Other investments | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Restricted time deposits(1) | — |  |  | 355 |
Total long-term investments | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 435 |

(1)As of December 31, 2023 the balance of restricted time deposits contained $96 million of restricted cash equivalents. See Note 8.
Equity Investment Security
Our equity investment security is a U.S. dollar denominated investment in a fixed income mutual fund. Realized and unrealized gains and losses were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities
As of September 30, 2024, we had no held-to-maturity securities. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost and fair value of the held-to-maturity investments were each $3 million. Our held-to-maturity investment securities consisted of an Indian rupee denominated investment in commercial paper, which was in an unrealized loss position, but had not been in an unrealized loss position for longer than 12 months.
Other Investments
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had an equity method investment of $84 million and $74 million, respectively, in the technology sector. Additionally, as of each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had equity securities without a readily determinable fair value of $6 million.

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Note 6 — Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities were as follows:

(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Compensation and benefits | $ | 1,439 |  |  | $ | 1,511 |
Customer volume and other incentives | 250 |  |  | 241 |
Income taxes | 141 |  |  | 27 |
Professional fees | 167 |  |  | 146 |
Other | 507 |  |  | 500 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 2,504 |  |  | $ | 2,425 |

Note 7 — Debt

We have a Credit Agreement providing for a $650 million Term Loan and a $1,850 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which are each due to mature in October 2027. During the third quarter of 2024, we borrowed $600 million under our revolving credit facility to partially fund the acquisition of Belcan. We are required under the Credit Agreement to make scheduled quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan.
The Credit Agreement requires interest to be paid, at our option, at either the Term Benchmark, Adjusted Daily Simple RFR or the ABR Rate (each as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus, in each case, an Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Initially, the Applicable Margin is 0.875% with respect to Term Benchmark loans and RFR loans and 0.00% with respect to ABR loans. Subsequently, the Applicable Margin with respect to Term Benchmark loans and RFR loans will be determined quarterly and may range from 0.75% to 1.125%, depending on our public debt ratings or, if we have not received public debt ratings, from 0.875% to 1.125%, depending on our Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of indebtedness for borrowed money to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Since issuance of the Term Loan, t he Term Loan has been a Term Benchmark loan. The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as a financial covenant. We were in compliance with all debt covenants and representations of the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2024.
Short-term Debt
As of each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $33 million of short-term debt related to current maturities of our Term Loan.
Long-term Debt
The following table summarizes the long-term debt balances as of:

(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Notes outstanding under revolving credit facility | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | — |
Term Loan | 618 |  |  | 642 |
Less: |  |  |
Current maturities - Term Loan | (33) |  |  | (33) |
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (2) |  |  | (3) |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | 1,183 |  |  | $ | 606 |

The carrying value of our debt approximated its fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

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Note 8 — Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rates were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Effective income tax rate | 22.7 | % |  | 26.8 | % |  | 23.4 | % |  | 23.2 | %

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, benefited from discrete items, which decreased our effective tax rate in those periods. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized a $40 million deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credits. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized a discrete benefit related to U.S. state income taxes.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we reached a settlement related to U.S. state income taxes, and reached an agreement with the IRS, settling tax years 2017 and 2018, both of which decreased our effective tax rate in that period.
We are involved in two separate ongoing disputes with the ITD in connection with previously disclosed share repurchase transactions undertaken by CTS India in 2013 and 2016 to repurchase shares from its shareholders (non-Indian Cognizant entities) valued at $523 million and $2.8 billion, respectively.
The 2016 transaction was undertaken pursuant to a plan approved by the High Court in Chennai, India, and resulted in the payment of $135 million in Indian income taxes - an amount we believe includes all the applicable taxes owed for this transaction under Indian law. In March 2018, the ITD asserted that it is owed an additional 33 billion Indian rupees ($394 million at the September 30, 2024 exchange rate) on the 2016 transaction. We deposited 5 billion Indian rupees, representing 15% of the disputed tax amount related to the 2016 transaction, with the ITD. Additionally, certain time deposits of CTS India were placed under lien in favor of the ITD, representing the remainder of the disputed tax amount. As of December 31, 2023, the balance of deposits under lien was 30 billion Indian rupees, including previously earned interest, or $355 million, was presented in "Long-term investments".
In April 2020, we received a formal assessment from the ITD on the 2016 transaction, which is consistent with the ITD's previous assertions. Our appeal was ruled unfavorably by the CITA in March 2022 and by the ITAT in September 2023. We filed an appeal against the order of the ITAT with the High Court. On January 8, 2024, the SCI ruled that, in order to proceed with the appeal, we must deposit 30 billion Indian rupees ($355 million at the December 31, 2023 exchange rate), representing the time deposits of CTS India under lien, on the condition that, if CTS India prevails at the High Court, the amount deposited will be returned to CTS India, along with interest accrued, within four weeks of the judgment. We made the required deposit in January 2024 and, in April 2024, the case commenced before the High Court.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the deposit with the ITD was $412 million and $60 million, respectively at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 exchange rates, respectively presented in "Other noncurrent assets". As of December 31, 2023, $96 million of the $355 million in deposits under lien were held in time deposits with a maturity of less than 30 days qualifying as cash equivalent instruments and thus were considered restricted cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023.
The dispute in relation to the 2013 share repurchase transaction is also in litigation. At this time, the ITD has not made specific demands with regards to the 2013 transaction.
We continue to believe we have paid all applicable taxes owed on both the 2016 and the 2013 transactions and we continue to defend our positions with respect to both matters. Accordingly, we have not recorded any reserves for these matters as of September 30, 2024.

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Note 9 — Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business, we use foreign exchange forward and option contracts to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk. Derivatives may give rise to credit risk from the possible non-performance by counterparties. Credit risk is limited to the fair value of those contracts that are favorable to us. We have limited our credit risk by limi ting the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution and conducting ongoing evaluation of the creditworthiness of the financial institutions with which we do business. In addition, all the assets and liabilities related to the foreign exchange derivative contracts set forth in the table below are subject to master netting arrangements, such as the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreement, with each individual counterparty. These master netting arrangements generally provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with the counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. We have presented all the assets and liabilities related to the foreign exchange derivative contracts, as applicable, on a gross basis, with no offsets, in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position. There is no financial collateral (including cash collateral) posted or received by us related to the foreign exchange derivative contracts.
The following table provides information on the location and fair values of derivative financial instruments included in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position as of:

(in millions) |  |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Designation of Derivatives |  | Location on Statement of Financial Position |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts – Designated as cash flow hedging instruments |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |
|  | Other noncurrent assets |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
|  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
|  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
|  | Total |  | 22 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 6 |
Foreign exchange forward contracts – Not designated as hedging instruments |  | Other current assets |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
|  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
|  | Total |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 15 |

Cash Flow Hedges
We have entered and continue to enter into a series of foreign exchange derivative contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges of Indian rupee denominated payments in India. These contracts are intended to partially offset the impact of movement of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar on future operating costs and are scheduled to mature each month during the remainder of 2024, 2025 and the first nine months of 2026. The changes in fair value of these contracts are initially reported in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position and are subsequently reclassified to earnings within "Cost of revenues" and "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations in the same period that the forecasted Indian rupee denominated payments are recorded in earnings. As of September 30, 2024, we estima te that $14 million, net of tax, of net gains rela ted to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges reported in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

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The notional value of the outstanding contracts by year of maturity was as follows:

(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
2024 | 603 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |
2025 | 1,725 |  |  | 1,020 |
2026 | 595 |  |  | — |
Total notional value of contracts outstanding (1) | $ | 2,923 |  |  | $ | 2,898 |

(1)Includes $25 million and $45 million notional value of option contracts as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, with the remaining notional value related to forward contracts.
The following table provides information on the location and amounts of pre-tax gains and losses on our cash flow hedges for the three months ended September 30:

(in millions) | Change in Derivative Gains and Losses Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (effective portion) |  | Location of Net Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (effective portion) |  | Net Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (effective portion)
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts – Designated as cash flow hedging instruments | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (24) |  |  | Cost of revenues |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (4) |
|  |  |  |  | SG&A expenses |  | — |  |  | (1) |
|  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (5) |

The following table provides information on the location and amounts of pre-tax gains and losses on our cash flow hedges for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) | Change in Derivative Gains and Losses Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (effective portion) |  | Location of Net Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (effective portion) |  | Net Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (effective portion)
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts – Designated as cash flow hedging instruments | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | Cost of revenues |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (19) |
|  |  |  |  | SG&A expenses |  | 1 |  |  | (3) |
|  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (22) |

The activity related to the change in net unrealized gains and losses on the cash flow hedges included in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" in our unaudited consolidated statements of stockholders' equity is present ed in Note 11.
Other Derivatives
We use foreign exchange forward contracts to provide an economic hedge against balance sheet exposures to certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries. We entered into foreign exchange forward contracts that are scheduled to mature in the fourth quarter of 2024. Realized gains or losses and changes in the estimated fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recorded in the caption "Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
Additional information related to the outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments was as follows:

(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Notional |  | Fair Value |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
Contracts outstanding | $ | 1,026 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,317 |  |  | $ | (8) |

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The following table provides information on the location and amounts of realized and unrealized pre-tax gains and losses on the other derivative financial instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| Location of Net Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments |  | Amount of Net Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign exchange forward contracts – Not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | (1) |

The related cash flow impacts of all the derivative activities are reflected as cash flows from operating activities.

Note 10 — Fair Value Measurements

We measure our cash equivalents, certain investments, contingent consideration liabilities and foreign exchange forward and option contracts at fair value. Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions.
The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:
•Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 – Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 – Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.
The following table summarizes the financial assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024:

(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 364 |
Time deposits | — |  |  | 443 |  |  | — |  |  | 443 |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Equity investment security | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Other noncurrent assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Other noncurrent liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |

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The following table summarizes the financial assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023:

(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 327 |
Time deposits | — |  |  | 834 |  |  | — |  |  | 834 |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity investment security | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted time deposits(1) | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |
Other noncurrent assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |
Contingent consideration liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30) |  |  | (30) |
Other noncurrent liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |

(1)Se e Note 8.
The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 contingent consideration liabilities for the nine months ended:

(in millions) |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Beginning balance |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Change in fair value recognized in SG&A expenses |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Payments |  | (30) |  |  | (9) |
Ending balance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |

We measure the fair value of money market funds based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and measure the fair value of our equity investment security based on the published daily net asset value at which investors can freely subscribe to or redeem from the fund. The carrying value of the time deposits approximated fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
We estimate the fair value of each foreign exchange forward contract by using a present value of expected cash flows model. This model calculates the difference between the current market forward price and the contracted forward price for each foreign exchange forward contract and applies the difference in the rates to each outstanding contract. The market forward rates include a discount and credit risk factor. We estimate the fair value of each foreign exchange option contract by using a variant of the Black-Scholes model. This model uses present value techniques and reflects the time value and intrinsic value based on observable market rates.
We estimate the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities associated with acquisitions using a variation of the income approach, which utilizes one or more significant inputs that are unobservable. This approach calculates the fair value of such liabilities based on the probability-weighted expected performance of the acquired entity against the target performance metric, discounted to present value when appropriate.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets and liabilities.

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Note 11 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" by component were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

|  | Three Months |  | Nine Months
(in millions) |  | Before Tax Amount |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax Amount |  | Before Tax Amount |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (186) |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (178) |  |  | $ | (109) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (104) |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 207 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 206 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 132 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 10 |
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period |  | (13) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 11 |
Reclassifications of net gains to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues |  | (5) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4) |  |  | (8) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (6) |
SG&A expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Net change |  | (18) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 4 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 14 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (149) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (150) |  |  | $ | (96) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (94) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 189 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 136 |  |  | — |  |  | 136 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 42 |

Changes in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" by component were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

|  | Three Months |  | Nine Months
(in millions) |  | Before Tax Amount |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax Amount |  | Before Tax Amount |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (160) |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (154) |  |  | $ | (256) |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (248) |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (128) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (129) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (35) |
Ending balance |  | $ | (288) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (283) |  |  | $ | (288) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (283) |
Unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (68) |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (51) |
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period |  | (24) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (18) |  |  | 44 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 33 |
Reclassifications of net loss to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues |  | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 15 |
SG&A expenses |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |
Net change |  | (19) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 66 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 49 |
Ending balance |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (143) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (141) |  |  | $ | (324) |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (299) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (147) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (144) |  |  | 34 |  |  | (20) |  |  | 14 |
Ending balance |  | $ | (290) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (285) |  |  | $ | (290) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (285) |

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Note 12— Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We accrue a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, we do not record a liability, but instead disclose the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. While we do not expect that the ultimate resolution of any existing claims and proceedings (other than the specific matters described below, if decided adversely), individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, an unfavorable outcome in some or all of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on results of operations or cash flows for a particular period. This assessment is based on our current understanding of relevant facts and circumstances. As such, our view of these matters is subject to inherent uncertainties and may change in the future.
On January 15, 2015, Syntel sued TriZetto and Cognizant in the USDC-SDNY. Syntel’s complaint alleged breach of contract against TriZetto, and tortious interference and misappropriation of trade secrets against Cognizant and TriZetto, stemming from Cognizant’s hiring of certain former Syntel employees. Cognizant and TriZetto countersued on March 23, 2015, for breach of contract, misappropriation of trade secrets and tortious interference, based on Syntel’s misuse of TriZetto confidential information and abandonment of contractual obligations. Cognizant and TriZetto subsequently added federal DTSA and copyright infringement claims for Syntel’s misuse of TriZetto’s proprietary technology. The parties’ claims were narrowed by the court and the case was tried before a jury, which on October 27, 2020 returned a verdict in favor of Cognizant in the amount of $855 million, including $570 million in punitive damages. On April 20, 2021, the USDC-SDNY issued a post-trial order that, among other things, affirmed the jury’s award of $285 million in actual damages, but reduced the award of punitive damages from $570 million to $285 million, thereby reducing the overall damages award from $855 million to $570 million. The USDC-SDNY subsequently issued a final judgment consistent with the April 20 th order. On May 26, 2021, Syntel filed a notice of appeal to the Second Circuit, and on June 3, 2021 the USDC-SDNY stayed execution of judgment pending appeal. On May 25, 2023, the Second Circuit issued an opinion affirming in part and vacating in part the judgment of the USDC-SDNY and remanding the case for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. The Second Circuit affirmed the judgment in all respects on liability but vacated the $570 million award that had been based on avoided development costs under the DTSA, and it remanded the case to the USDC-SDNY for further evaluation of damages. On June 23, 2023, the Second Circuit issued its mandate returning the case to the USDC-SDNY. On March 13, 2024, the USDC-SDNY issued a ruling that vacates the alternate compensatory damages awards that were within the scope of the Second Circuit’s remand and awards TriZetto and Cognizant approximately $15 million in attorney’s fees. On October 23, 2024, the USDC-SDNY granted TriZetto and Cognizant’s motion for a new trial on the amount of compensatory damages owed to TriZetto and Cognizant. TriZetto and Cognizant will continue to vigorously pursue our claims against Syntel. We will not record any gain in our financial statements until it becomes realizable.
On February 28, 2019, a ruling of the SCI interpreting the India Defined Contribution Obligation altered historical understandings of the obligation, extending it to cover additional portions of the employee’s income. As a result, the ongoing contributions of our affected employees and the Company were required to be increased. In the first quarter of 2019, we accrued $117 million with respect to prior periods, assuming retroactive application of the SCI’s ruling, in "Selling, general and administrative e xpenses" in our unaudited consolidated statement of operations. There is significant uncertainty as to how the liability should be calculated as it is impacted by multiple variables, including the period of assessment, the application with respect to certain current and former employees and whether interest and penalties may be assessed. Since the ruling, a variety of trade associations and industry groups have advocated to the Indian government, highlighting the harm to the information technology sector, other industries and job growth in India that would result from a retroactive application of the ruling. It is possible the Indian government will review the matter and there is a substantial question as to whether the Indian government will apply the SCI’s ruling on a retroactive basis. As such, the ultimate amount of our obligation may be materially different from the amount accrued.
On October 31, 2016, November 15, 2016 and November 18, 2016, three putative shareholder derivative complaints were filed in New Jersey Superior Court, Bergen County, naming us, all of our then current directors and certain of our current and former officers at that time as defendants. These actions were consolidated in an order dated January 24, 2017. The complaints assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, mismanagement, and/or insider selling by defendants. On April 26, 2017, the New Jersey Superior Court deferred further proceedings by dismissing the consolidated putative shareholder derivative litigation without prejudice but permitting the parties to file a motion to vacate the dismissal in the future.
On February 22, 2017, April 7, 2017, May 10, 2017 and March 11, 2019, four additional putative shareholder derivative complaints were filed in the USDC-NJ, naming us and certain of our current and former directors and officers at that time as defendants. These actions were consolidated in an order dated May 14, 2019. On August 3, 2020, lead plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. The consolidated amended complaint asserts claims similar to those in the previously-filed

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putative shareholder derivative actions. On February 14, 2022, we and certain of our current and former directors and officers moved to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. On September 27, 2022, the USDC-NJ granted those motions and dismissed the consolidated amended complaint in its entirety with prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal on October 27, 2022. On May 3, 2024, the Third Circuit affirmed the dismissal of the consolidated amended complaint.
On June 1, 2021, an eighth putative shareholde r derivative complaint was filed in the USDC-NJ, naming us and certain of our current and former directors and officers at that time a s defendants. The complaint asserts claims similar to those in the previously-filed putative shareholder derivative actions. On March 31, 2022, we and certain of our current and former directors and officers moved to dismiss the complaint. On November 30, 2022, the USDC-NJ denied without prejudice those motions. The USDC-NJ ordered the parties to conduct limited discovery related to the issue of whether our board of directors wrongfully refused the plaintiff’s earlier litigation demand and, after the conclusion of such limited discovery, to file targeted motions for summary judgment on the issue of wrongful refusal.
We are presently unable to predict the duration, scope or result of the single putative shareholder derivative action that has not been dismissed. Although the Company continues to defend that putative shareholder derivative action vigorously, it is subject to inherent uncertainties, the actual cost of such litigation will depend upon many unknown factors and the outcome of the litigation is necessarily uncertain.
We have indemnification and expense advancement obligations pursuant to our bylaws and indemnification agreements with respect to certain current and former members of senior management and the Company’s board of directors. In connection with the matters that were the subject of our previously disclosed internal investigation, the DOJ and SEC investigations and the related litigation, we have received and expect to continue to receive requests under such indemnification agreements and our bylaws to provide funds for legal fees and other expenses. There are no amounts remaining available to us under applicable insurance policies for our ongoing indemnification and advancement obligations with respect to certain of our current and former officers and directors or incremental legal fees and other expenses related to the above matters.
See Note 8 for information relating to the ITD Dispute.
On September 18, 2017, three former employees filed suit against Cognizant in the USDC-CDCA, alleging that they and similarly situated employees suffered disparate treatment on the basis of race in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Plaintiffs subsequently amended their complaint three times, adding a fourth former employee plaintiff and claims for both disparate treatment and disparate impact on the basis of race and national origin under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. and disparate treatment and disparate impact on the basis of race and national origin under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.. Plaintiffs filed the operative Third Amended Complaint-Corrected on January 19, 2021; Cognizant filed its answer on January 29, 2021.
On May 13, 2022, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the USDC-CDCA certify the case as a class action for two putative classes of plaintiffs consisting of: (1) all individuals who are not of South Asian race or Indian national origin who applied to Cognizant in the U.S. and were not hired since September 2013 (the “hiring class”); and (2) all individuals who are not of South Asian race or Indian national origin who have been terminated in the U.S. since September 2013 (the “terminations class”). Cognizant opposed. On October 27, 2022, the court denied certification for the hiring class and the terminations class. However, the court granted certification for a sub-set of the terminations class limited to approximately 2,300 former employees whose employment had been terminated from the “bench,” a designation for employees who are not allocated to an active project. On November 10, 2022, Cognizant filed a petition with the Ninth Circuit requesting permission to appeal the class certification order as to the bench terminations class. The Ninth Circuit denied the petition on January 26, 2023.
From June 13, 2023 to June 26, 2023, the USDC-CDCA held a class action jury trial on the first phase of plaintiffs’ Section 1981 claim and Title VII disparate treatment claim. The questions presented were whether Cognizant engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination against non-South Asian and non-Indian employees with respect to bench terminations, and if so, whether punitive damages are available for class members who prevail on their claims. The jury deadlocked, and the court declared a mistrial.
The case proceeded to a retrial on September 24, 2024, and on October 4, 2024, the jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiffs. The case will now proceed to the second phase to determine individualized liability and damages, if any, for each class member. As a result of the verdict, each non-South Asian and non-Indian class member who pursues claims in the second phase will be entitled to a rebuttable presumption that all termination decisions were discriminatory and to the possibility of recovering punitive damages if they prevail. The USDC-CDCA will also consider plaintiffs’ claim that Cognizant policies had a disparate impact on non-South Asian and non-Indian employees. We believe that class certification was improper, and that the second phase of the case will confirm that individualized issues should have precluded class certification. Cognizant will continue to vigorously defend itself in the second phase of this case and to pursue all available appellate arguments concerning

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class certification and the September 24, 2024 trial at the appropriate time. Because we cannot predict the number of individual plaintiffs who will proceed to the second phase, or the outcome of those cases, and in view of the appellate arguments regarding class certification, we are unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss. We have not recorded any accruals related to this matter.
Many of our engagements involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ business and provide benefits that are difficult to quantify. Any failure in a client’s systems or our failure to meet our contractual obligations to our clients, including any breach involving a client’s confidential information or sensitive data, or our obligations under applicable laws or regulations could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for such failure. Although we attempt to contractually limit our liability for damages arising from negligent acts, errors, mistakes, or omissions in rendering our services, there can be no assurance that the limitations of liability set forth in our contracts will be enforceable in all instances or will otherwise protect us from liability for damages. Although we have general liability insurance coverage, including coverage for errors or omiss ions, we retain a significant portion of risk through our insurance deductibles and the re can be no assurance that such coverage will cover all types of claims, continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed or are not covered by our insurance coverage or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for a particular period.
In the normal course of business and in conjunction with certain client engagements, we have entered into contractual arrangements through which we may be obligated to indemnify clients or other parties with whom we conduct business with respect to certain matters. These arrangements can include provisions whereby we agree to hold the indemnified party and certain of their affiliated entities harmless with respect to third-party claims related to such matters as our breach of certain representations or covenants, our intellectual property infringement, our gross negligence or willful misconduct or certain other claims made against certain parties. Payments by us under any of these arrangements are generally conditioned on the client making a claim and providing us with full control over the defense and settlement of such claim. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential liability under these indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, we have not made material payments under these indemnification agreements and therefore they have not had a material impact on our operating results, financial position, or cash flows. However, if events arise requiring us to make payment for indemnification claims under our indemnification obligations in contracts we have entered, such payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for a particular period.

Note 13 — Segment Information

We have seven industry-based operating segments, which are aggregated into four reportable business segments:
•Financial Services, which consists of the banking and insurance operating segments;
•Health Sciences, which consists of a single operating segment of the same name;
•Products and Resources, which consists of the retail and consumer goods; manufacturing, logistics, energy, and utilities; and travel and hospitality operating segments; and
•Communications, Media and Technology, which consists of a single operating segment of the same name.
Our segments are industry-based, and as such, we report revenue from clients in the segment with which our clients are most closely aligned. Our client partners, account executives and client relationship managers are aligned in accordance with the specific industries they serve. Our CODM evaluates the Company's performance and allocates resources based on segment revenues and operating profit. Segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Generally, operating expenses for each operating segment have similar characteristics and are subject to the same factors, pressures and challenges. However, the economic environment and its effects on industries served by the operating segments may affect revenues and operating expenses to differing degrees.
Corporate expenses, expenses related to our NextGen program, a portion of depreciation and amortization and the impact of the settlements of the cash flow hedges are not allocated to individual segments in internal management reports used by the CODM. Accordingly, such expenses are excluded from segment operating profit and are included below as “unallocated costs” and adjusted against our total income from operations. Additionally, we do not disclose assets by segment as a significant portion of the assets is used interchangeably among the segments and the CODM does not review such information.
For revenues by reportable segment and geographic area, see Note 2.

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Segment operating profits by reportable segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Financial Services | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 862 |
Health Sciences | 331 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 975 |  |  | 1,009 |
Products and Resources | 258 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 719 |
Communications, Media and Technology | 158 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 464 |
Total segment operating profit | 1,091 |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | 3,034 |  |  | 3,054 |
Less: unallocated costs | 353 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 893 |  |  | 1,089 |
Income from operations | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | 2,141 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |

Geographic Area Information
Long-lived assets by geographic area are as follows:

| As of
(in millions) | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Long-lived Assets: (1) |  |  |
North America(2) | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 335 |
Europe | 76 |  |  | 90 |
Rest of World (3) | 593 |  |  | 623 |
Total | $ | 1,001 |  |  | $ | 1,048 |

(1)Long-lived assets include property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization.
(2)Substantially all relates to the United States.
(3)Substantially all relates to India.

Note 14 — Subsequent Events

Dividend
On October 29, 2024, the Board of Directors approved the Company's declaration of a $0.30 per share dividend with a record date of November 19, 2024 and a payment date of November 27, 2024.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Executive Summary

Cognizant is one of the world’s leading professional services companies, engineering modern businesses and delivering strategic outcomes for our clients. We help clients modernize technology, reimagine processes and transform experiences so they can stay ahead in a fast-changing world. We provide industry expertise and close client collaboration, combining critical perspective with a flexible engagement style. We tailor our services and solutions to specific industries with an integrated global delivery model that employs client service and delivery teams based at client locations and dedicated global and regional delivery centers. Our collaborative services include digital services and solutions, consulting, application development, systems integration, quality engineering and assurance, application maintenance, infrastructure and security as well as business process services and automation. Digital services continue to be an important part of our portfolio, aligning with our clients' focus on becoming data-enabled, customer-centric and differentiated businesses.
In the second quarter of 2023, we initiated the NextGen program aimed at simplifying our operating model, optimizing corporate functions and consolidating and realigning office space to reflect the post-pandemic hybrid work environment. Our drive for simplification includes operating with fewer layers in an effort to enhance agility and enable faster decision making. We expect the savings generated by the program to help fund continued investments in our people, revenue growth opportunities and the modernization of our office space.
In connection with the NextGen program, in the third quarter of 2024 we incurred $33 million of employee separation, facility exit and other costs. Since the inception of the program, we incurred $314 million in total costs. See Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. We currently expect to incur costs of approximately $105 million for the full year 2024, which is expected to bring the total charges under the program to approximately $335 million. The estimates of the charges and expenditures that we expect to incur in connection with the NextGen program, and the timing thereof, are subject to a number of assumptions, including local law requirements in various jurisdictions, and actual amounts may differ materially from estimates. In addition, we may incur other charges or cash expenditures not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events that may occur in connection with the NextGen program.
Q3 2024 Financial Results 1

Revenue

Income from Operations

Operating Margin

Diluted EPS

GAAP |  | Adjusted 1

GAAP |  | Adjusted 1

GAAP |  | Adjusted 1

Revenue up $147 million or 3.0% from Q3 2023; an increase of 2.7% in constant currency 1 |  | Income from Operations up $52 million or 7.6% from Q3 2023 Adjusted Income from Operations 1 up $13 million or 1.7% from Q3 2023 |  |  |  | Operating margin up 60 bps from Q3 2023 Adjusted Operating Margin 1 down 20 bps from Q3 2023 |  |  |  | Diluted EPS up $0.13 or 12.5% from Q3 2023 Adjusted Diluted EPS 1 up $0.09 or 7.8% from Q3 2023

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, revenues increased by $147 million as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023, representing growth of 3.0%, or 2.7% on a constant currency 1 basis. Our recently completed acquisitions contributed approximately 200 basis points to revenue growth. Additionally, revenues were positively impacted by growth in
1 Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted Diluted EPS and constant currency revenue growth are not measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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our Health Sciences segment, partially offset by weakness in our Products and Resources (excluding the impact of our recently completed acquisitions) and Communications, Media and Technology segments.
Our operating margin increased to 14.6% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, from 14.0% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Our Adjusted Operating Margin 2 decreased to 15.3% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, from 15.5% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Our GAAP and Adjusted Operating Margins for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023 were positively impacted by net savings generated from our NextGen program and the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, while being negatively impacted by increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle completed during the quarter, and the dilutive impact of recently completed acquisitions, primarily driven by transaction and integration related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. In addition, our GAAP operating margins for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, were negatively impacted by the NextGen charges, as discussed in Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which were excluded from our Adjusted Operating Margin.
As a global professional services company, we compete on the basis of the knowledge, experience, insights, skills and talent of our employees and the value they can provide to our clients. We closely monitor attrition trends focusing on the metric that we believe is most relevant to our business. This metric, which we refer to as Voluntary Attrition - Tech Services, includes all voluntary separations with the exception of employees in our Intuitive Operations and Automation practice. For the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2024 our Voluntary Attrition - Tech Services was 14.6% as compared to 16.2% for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2023. We finished the third quarter of 2024 with approximately 340,100 employees, inclusive of Belcan employees, as compared to 346,600 employees at the end of the third quarter of 2023.
Business Outlook
We continue to expect the long-term focus of our clients to be on their digital transformation into AI-ready, software-driven, data-enabled, customer-centric and differentiated businesses. We believe clients will continue to contend with industry-specific changes driven by evolving digital technologies, uncertainty in the regulatory environment, industry consolidation and convergence as well as international trade policie s and other macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, including the uncertainty related to the global economy, which has affected and may continue to affect their demand for our services.
We increasingly use AI-based technologies, including GenAI, in our client offerings and our own internal operations. AI technologies and services are part of a highly competitive and rapidly evolving market. We plan to make significant investments in our AI capabilities to meet the needs of our clients and harness its value in a flexible, secure, scalable and responsible way. As AI-based technologies evolve, we expect that some services that we currently perform for our clients will be replaced by AI or other forms of automation. This may lead to reduced demand for certain services or harm our ability to obtain favorable pricing or other terms for our services.
We currently expect to incur total costs of approximately $335 million in connection with the NextGen program, which started in the second quarter of 2023, with approximately $105 million of such costs anticipated in 2024. See "Executive Summary". In addition to the NextGen program, potential tax law and other regulatory changes, including possible U.S. corporate income tax reform and the Code on Social Security, 2020 in India, among other items, may impact our future results. We expect that the Code on Social Security, 2020, if enacted as currently written, could result in a material one-time increase to our post-employment liability for past service and would also modestly increase our costs for employment and post-employment benefits prospectively. In addition, in March 2024, India and Mauritius signed a Protocol to amend the India-Mauritius Income Tax Treaty. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the amendment, which, depending on its final terms when entered into force, could increase our effective income tax rate, as CTS India is a subsidiary of our wholly-owned Mauritius entity.
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Belcan. See Note 3 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. This acquisition is expected to have a modest near-term dilutive impact to operating margin, primarily due to transaction and integration-related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles.
2 Adjusted Operating Margin is not a measure of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial data for the three months ended September 30:

|  |  | % of |  |  |  |  | % of |  |  |  |  | Increase / Decrease
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) | 2024 |  | Revenues |  |  | 2023 |  | Revenues |  |  |  |  | $ |  |  |  |  |  | %
Revenues | $ | 5,044 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.0 |
Cost of revenues(a) | 3,311 |  |  | 65.6 |  |  |  | 3,209 |  |  | 65.5 |  |  |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.2 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses(a) | 833 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  |  | 801 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.0 |
Restructuring charges | 33 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  |  |  | (39) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (54.2) |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 129 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | 129 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Income from operations | 738 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  |  | 686 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.6 |
Other income (expense), net | 10 |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (63.0) |
Income before provision for income taxes | 748 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 713 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.9 |
Provision for income taxes | (170) |  |  |  |  |  | (191) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11.0) |
Income (loss) from equity method investments | 4 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33.3 |
Net income | $ | 582 |  |  | 11.5 |  |  |  | $ | 525 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.9 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 1.17 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.5 |
Other Financial Information 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin | $ | 771 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  |  | $ | 758 |  |  | 15.5 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.7 |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 1.25 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.8 |

(a)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense.

Revenues

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, revenues increased by $147 million as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023, representing growth of 3.0%, or 2.7% on a constant currency basis 3. Our recently completed acquisitions contributed approximately 200 basis points to revenue growth.
3 Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted Diluted EPS and constant currency revenue growth are not measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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Revenues - Reportable Business Segments and Geographic Markets

Revenues of $5,044 million across our business segments and geographies were as follows for the three months ended September 30, 2024:

Q3 2024 as compared to Q3 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions) |  |  | $ |  | % |  | CC %4 |
Financial Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.5 |  |
Health Sciences |  |  |  |  |  | 109 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 7.6 |  |
Products and Resources |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |
CMT |  |  |  |  |  | (31) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (4.1) |  |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.7 |  |

Q3 2024 as compared to Q3 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions) |  |  | $ |  | % |  | CC %4 |
North America |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 3.8 |  |
United Kingdom |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (2.9) |  |
Continental Europe |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (0.8) |  |
Europe - Total |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | (1.9) |  |
Rest of World |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.2 |  |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.7 |  |

Change in revenues was driven by the following factors:4
•Reduced demand for discretionary work negatively impacted revenues across all segments. Clients in our Communications, Media and Technology, Products and Resources and Financial Services segments were particularly affected;
•Recently completed acquisitions contributed approximately 200 basis points of growth to the overall change in revenues, including approximately 750 basis points of growth to our Products and Resources segment (primarily in North America) and approximately 100 basis points of growth to our Communications, Media and Technology segment (primarily in North America);
•Health Sciences revenues in the North America were positively impacted by the ramp up of several recently won large deals and the resale of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy;
•Revenue growth in the Financial Services segment was positively impacted by growth among banking clients, while being negatively impacted by lower resales of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy in the current period; and
•Communications, Media and Technology revenues, in our North America and Europe regions, were negatively impacted by weakness from technology customers.
4 Constant currency revenue growth is not a measure of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization Expense)

é | $102M |  |
é | 0.1% as a % of revenues |
¡ | % of Revenues |

Our cost of revenues consists primarily of salaries, incentive-based compensation, stock-based compensation expense, employee benefits, project-related immigration and travel for technical personnel, subcontracting and costs of third-party products and services relating to revenues. The increase, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily driven by increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle completed in the quarter, partially offset by foreign currency exchange rate movements.

SG&A Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization Expense)

SG&A expenses consist primarily of salaries, incentive-based compensation, stock-based compensation expense, employee benefits, immigration, travel, marketing, communications, management, finance, administrative and occupancy costs. The increase, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributed to the impact of recently completed acquisitions, driven by transaction and integration-related expenses, and increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle completed in the quarter, partially offset by net savings generated from our NextGen program.

é | $32M |  |  |
é | 0.1% as a % of revenues |
¡ | % of Revenues |

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges consist of costs related to the NextGen program. Restructuring charges were $33 million, or 0.7% as a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $72 million, or 1.5% as a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For further detail on our restructuring charges see Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expense, as well as depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenues, remained flat during the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the third quarter of 2023. The decline of depreciation expense, which was driven by actions taken under our NextGen program, was offset by an increase in amortization expense driven by intangible assets related to our recently completed acquisitions.

Operating Margin and Adjusted Operating Margin 5 - Overall

Our GAAP and Adjusted Operating Margins 5 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023 were positively impacted by net savings generated from our NextGen program and the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, while being negatively impacted by increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle completed in the quarter, and the dilutive impact of recently completed acquisitions, primarily driven by transaction and integration-related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. In addition, our GAAP operating margins for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, were negatively impacted by the NextGen charges, as discussed in Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which were excluded from our Adjusted Operating Margin.
5 Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin are not measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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A predominant portion of our costs in India are denominated in the Indian rupee, representing approximately 24% of our global operating costs during the three months ended September 30, 2024. These costs are subject to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which have an impact on our results of operations. We enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to hedge certain Indian rupee denominated payments in India. These hedges are intended to mitigate the volatility of the changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Indian rupee. Net of the impact of the hedges, the depreciation of the Indian rupee positively impacted our operating margin for the three months ended September 30, 2024 by 45 basis points as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Excluding the impact of applicable designated cash flow hedges, the depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar positively impacted our operating margin by 25 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2024. Each additional 1.0% change in exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar will have the effect of moving our operating margin by 18 basis points (excluding the impact of the hedges). The settlement of our cash flow hedges had a positive impact of 10 basis points on our operating margin during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a negative impact of 10 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Segment Operating Profit

Segment operating profit and operating margin percentage were as follows:

|  | Segment operating profit |  | % | Segment operating margin

In the third quarter of 2024, segment operating margins across all our segments were positively impacted by savings generated from our NextGen program and the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, partially offset by increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle. Segment operating profit in the Financial Services segment in the third quarter of 2023 was negatively impacted by resales of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy. Segment operating profit in the Health Sciences segment in the third quarter of 2024 was negatively impacted by resales of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy and by higher costs typical to the initial phases of several recently won large deals in this segment. Segment operating profit in the Products and Resources segment in the third quarter of 2024 was negatively impacted by the dilutive impact of the Belcan acquisition.
Total segment operating profit and operating margin were as follows for the three months ended September 30:

(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | % of Revenues |  | 2023 |  | % of Revenues |  | Increase/(Decrease) |
Total segment operating profit | $ | 1,091 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 1,036 |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |
Less: unallocated costs | 353 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 3 |  |
Income from operations | $ | 738 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |

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Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table sets forth total other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30:

(in millions) | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | Increase/ Decrease |
Foreign currency exchange (losses) | $ | (22) |  |  |  | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |
Gains on foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments | 14 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | (9) |  |
Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net | (8) |  |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |
Interest income | 31 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  | (1) |  |
Interest expense | (14) |  |  |  | (11) |  |  | (3) |  |
Other, net | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | (5) |  |
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 10 |  |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | (17) |  |

The foreign currency exchange losses were attributed to the remeasurement of net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of our subsidiaries. The gains on foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments related to the realized and unrealized gains and losses on cont racts entered into to offset our foreign currency exposures. As of September 30, 2024, the notional value of our undesignated hedges was $1,026 million. Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $1 million as compared to the same period in 2023. While our invested balances during the three months ended September 30, 2024 were lower as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to the required payment related to the ITD dispute in January 2024 (see Note 8 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements) and the Belcan acquisition in August 2024, we benefited from higher interest rates compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Provision for Income Taxes

ê | $21M |  |  |
¡ Effective Income Tax Rate ê 4.1% |

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024, reflects the benefit of the recognition of a $40 million deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credits.

Net Income

The increase in net income was primarily driven by an increase in income from operations and a lower effective tax rate.

é | $57M |  |  |
¡ é 0.8% of Revenue s |  |

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Portions of our disclosure include non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures should be read in conjunction with our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. The reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP measures set forth below should be carefully evaluated.
Our non-GAAP financial measures Adjusted Operating Margin and Adjusted Income from Operations exclude unusual items, such as NextGen charges. Our non-GAAP financial measure Adjusted Diluted EPS excludes unusual items, such as NextGen charges, and net non-operating foreign currency exchange gains or losses and the tax impact of all the applicable adjustments. For further detail on the NextGen charges, see Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The income tax impact of each item excluded from Adjusted Diluted EPS is calculated by applying the statutory rate and local tax regulations in the jurisdiction in which the item was incurred. Constant currency revenue growth is defined as revenues for a given period restated at the comparative period’s foreign currency exchange rates measured against the comparative period's reported revenues.

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We believe providing investors with an operating view consistent with how we manage the Company provides enhanced transparency into our operating results. For internal management reporting and budgeting purposes, we use various GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures for financial and operational decision-making, to evaluate period-to-period comparisons, to determine portions of the compensation for executive officers and for making comparisons of our operating results to those of our competitors. We believe that the presentation of non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude certain costs, read in conjunction with our reported GAAP results and reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measure, as applicable, can provide useful supplemental information to our management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations.
A limitation of using non-GAAP financial measures versus financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP is that non-GAAP financial measures may exclude costs that are recurring such as net non-operating foreign currency exchange gains or losses. In addition, other companies may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently than us, thereby limiting the usefulness of these non-GAAP financial measures as a comparative tool. We compensate for these limitations by providing specific information regarding the GAAP amounts excluded from non-GAAP financial measures to allow investors to evaluate such non-GAAP financial measures.
The following table presents a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most comparable GAAP measure for the three months ended September 30:

| 2024 |  | % of Revenues |  | 2023 |  | % of Revenues
GAAP income from operations and operating margin | $ | 738 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | 14.0 |
NextGen charges(1) | 33 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1.5 |
Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin | $ | 771 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | $ | 758 |  |  | 15.5 |
GAAP diluted EPS | $ | 1.17 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  |
Effect of NextGen charges, pre-tax | 0.07 |  |  |  |  | 0.14 |  |  |
Non-operating foreign currency exchange (gains) losses, pre-tax (2) | 0.02 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Tax effect of above adjustments(3) | (0.01) |  |  |  |  | (0.02) |  |  |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 1.25 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  |

(1)Consists of employee separation, facility exit and other costs incurred in connection with the NextGen program. S ee Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2)Non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses, inclusive of gains and losses on related foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instrument s for accounting purposes, are reported in "Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
(3)Presented below are the tax impacts of our non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023
Non-GAAP income tax benefit (expense) related to: |  |  |
NextGen charges | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses | (3) |  |  | (7) |

The effective tax rate related to non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses varies depending on the jurisdictions in which such income and expenses are generated and the statutory rates applicable in those jurisdictions. As such, the income tax effect of non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses shown in the above table may not appear proportionate to the net pre-tax foreign currency exchange gains and losses reported in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial data for the nine months ended September 30:

|  |  | % of |  |  |  | % of |  |  |  |  |  | Increase / Decrease
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) | 2024 |  | Revenues |  | 2023 |  | Revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ |  | %
Revenues | $ | 14,654 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 14,595 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 0.4 |
Cost of revenues(a) | 9,661 |  |  | 65.9 |  |  | 9,583 |  |  | 65.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78 |  |  | 0.8 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses(a) | 2,379 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 2,466 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (87) |  |  | (3.5) |
Restructuring charges | 85 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (104) |  |  | (55.0) |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 388 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1.0) |
Income from operations | 2,141 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 1,965 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176 |  |  | 9.0 |
Other income (expense), net | 57 |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16) |  |  | (21.9) |
Income before provision for income taxes | 2,198 |  |  | 15.0 |  |  | 2,038 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 160 |  |  | 7.9 |
Provision for income taxes | (514) |  |  |  |  | (473) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (41) |  |  | 8.7 |
Income (loss) from equity method investments | 10 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 233.3 |
Net income | $ | 1,694 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | 8.0 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 3.41 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | 10.4 |
Other Financial Information 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Income From Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin | $ | 2,226 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | 3.3 |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 3.55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | 5.3 |

(a)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense.

Revenues

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, revenues increased by $59 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, representing growth of 0.4%, or 0.3% on a constant currency basis 6. Our recently completed acquisitions contributed approximately 100 basis points to revenue growth.
6 Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted Diluted EPS and constant currency revenue growth are not measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

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Revenues - Reportable Business Segments and Geographic Markets

Revenues of $14,654 million across our business segments and geographies were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

YTD 2024 as compared to YTD 2023 |  |  |  |  | Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions) |  | $ |  | % |  | CC %7 |
Financial Services |  |  |  |  | $ | (96) |  |  | (2.2) |  |  | (2.3) |  |
Health Sciences |  |  |  |  | 113 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 2.6 |  |
Products and Resources |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |
CMT |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.6 |  |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  |

YTD 2024 as compared to YTD 2023 |  |  |  |  | Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions) |  | $ |  | % |  | CC %7 |
North America |  |  |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.4 |  |
United Kingdom |  |  |  |  | (55) |  |  | (3.8) |  |  | (5.7) |  |
Continental Europe |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.7) |  |
Europe - Total |  |  |  |  | (56) |  |  | (1.9) |  |  | (3.2) |  |
Rest of World |  |  |  |  | (28) |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | (1.2) |  |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  |

Change in revenues was driven by the following factors:7
•Reduced demand for discretionary work negatively impacted revenues across all segments. Clients in our Financial Services and Products and Resources segments were particularly affected;
•Recently completed acquisitions contributed approximately 100 basis points to the overall revenue growth, including approximately 300 basis points of growth to our Products and Resources segment (primarily in North America) and approximately 150 basis points of growth to our Communications, Media and Technology segment (primarily in North America and Continental Europe);
•The resale of third-party products, primarily in the Health Sciences segment in North America, in connection with our integrated offerings strategy, contributed approximately 100 basis points of growth to the overall change in revenue;
•North America revenues in the Communications, Media and Technology and Health Sciences segments were positively impacted by the ramp up of several recently won large deals;
•Health Sciences revenues were negatively impacted by the renegotiation of a large contract with a payer client in 2023 in our North America region, which reduced the scope of services but improved the profitability of the contract;
•Revenue decline in our United Kingdom region was primarily driven by weakness in the Financial Services and Communications, Media and Technology segments; and
•Revenue decline in our Rest of World region was primarily driven by weakness in the Products and Resources and Financial Services segments.
7 Constant currency revenue growth is not a measure of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization Expense)

é | $78M |  |
é | 0.2% as a % of revenues |
¡ | % of Revenues |

Our cost of revenues consists primarily of salaries, incentive-based compensation, stock-based compensation expense, employee benefits, project-related immigration and travel for technical personnel, subcontracting and costs of third-party products and services relating to revenues. The increase, as a percentage of revenues, was due to higher compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle, and the impact of the resale of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy, partially offset by the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements.

SG&A Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization Expense)

SG&A expenses consist primarily of salaries, incentive-based compensation, stock-based compensation expense, employee benefits, immigration, travel, marketing, communications, management, finance, administrative and occupancy costs. The decrease, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily driven by the net savings generated from our NextGen program, partially offset by the impact of recently completed acquisitions, primarily driven by transaction and integration related expenses.

ê | $87M |  |
ê | 0.7% as a % of revenues |
¡ | % of Revenues |

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges consist of costs related to the NextGen program. Restructuring charges were $85 million, or 0.6% as a percentage of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $189 million, or 1.3% as a percentage of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For further detail on our restructuring charges see Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by 1.0%, and decreased by 0.1% as a percentage of revenues, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the 2023 peri od. The decline of depreciation expense, which was driven by actions taken under our NextGen program, was partially offset by an increase in amortization expense driven by an increase in intangible assets related to our recently completed acquisitions.

Operating Margin and Adjusted Operating Margin 8- Overall

The increase in our 2024 GAAP operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin 8 was primarily driven by net savings generated from our NextGen program and the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, partially offset by increased compensation costs, primarily as a result of a merit increase cycle, and the impact of the resale of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy. In addition, our 2023 and 2024 GAAP operating margins were negatively impacted by the NextGen charges, as discussed in Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which were excluded from our Adjusted Operating Margin.
8 Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin are not measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as applicable.

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Net of the impact of applicable designated cash flow hedges, the depreciation of the Indian rupee positively impacted our operating margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 by 43 basis points as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Excluding the impact of such hedges, the depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar positively impacted our operating margin by 22 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The settlement of our cash flow hedges had a positive impact of 6 basis points on our operating margin during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a negative impact of 15 basis points during the 2023 period.

Segment Operating Profit

Segment operating profit and operating margin percentage were as follows:

|  | Segment operating profit |  | % | Segment operating margin

In 2024, segment operating margins across all our segments were positively impacted by savings generated from our NextGen program and the beneficial impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, partially offset by increased compensation costs. Segment operating profit in the Health Sciences and Communications, Media and Technology segments was negatively impacted by resales of third-party products in connection with our integrated offerings strategy and higher costs typical to the initial phases of several recently won large deals in these segments.
Total segment operating profit and margin were as follows for the nine months ended September 30:

(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | % of Revenues |  | 2023 |  | % of Revenues |  | Increase/(Decrease)
Total segment operating profit | $ | 3,034 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | $ | 3,054 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | $ | (20) |
Less: unallocated costs | 893 |  |  | 6.1 |  |  | 1,089 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | (196) |
Income from operations | $ | 2,141 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | $ | 176 |

Unallocated costs decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, driven by lower corporate expenses as well as lower NextGen charges of $85 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $189 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (see Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements).

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Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table sets forth total other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | Increase/ Decrease |
Foreign currency exchange (losses) gains | $ | (43) |  |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (47) |  |
Gains (losses) on foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments | 42 |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 43 |  |
Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net | (1) |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | (4) |  |
Interest income | 91 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  | (1) |  |
Interest expense | (35) |  |  |  | (30) |  |  | (5) |  |
Other, net | 2 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | (6) |  |
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 57 |  |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | (16) |  |

The foreign currency exchange gains and losses were attributed to the remeasurement of net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of our subsidiaries. The gains and losses on foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments related to the realized and unrealized gains and losses on cont racts entered into to offset our foreign c urrency exposures. Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $1 million as compared to the same period in 2023. While our invested balances decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the required payment related to the ITD dispute in January 2024 (see Note 8 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements), we benefited from higher interest rates compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Provision for Income Taxes

é | $41M |  |  |
¡ Effective Income Tax Rate é 0.2% |

The effective income tax rate in both periods reflects the benefits of discrete items related to U.S. state income taxes. The effective tax rate in 2024 additionally benefited from the recognition of a $40 million deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credits. The effective income tax rate in 2023 additionally benefited from the effective settlement of the IRS examination for tax years 2017 and 2018.
In December 2021, the OECD adopted model rules for a global framework to impose a 15% global minimum tax referred to as Pillar Two with an effective date of January 1, 2024. Although management continues to monitor additional guidance from the OECD and countries’ implementation of Pillar Two, based on current guidance, there was no material impact for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and we believe that our net income, cash flows, or financial condition will not be materially impacted in the future by Pillar Two.

Net Income

The increase in net income was driven by an increase in income from operations.

é | $126M |  |  |
¡ é 0.9% of Revenues |  |  |

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
See “Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for additional information about our use of non-GAAP financial measures.
The following table presents a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most comparable GAAP measure for the nine months ended September 30:

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | 2024 |  | % of Revenues |  | 2023 |  | % of Revenues
GAAP income from operations and operating margin | $ | 2,141 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | 13.5 |
NextGen charges (1) | 85 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 1.3 |
Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margin | $ | 2,226 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | 14.8 |
GAAP diluted EPS | $ | 3.41 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |
Effect of NextGen charges, pre-tax | 0.17 |  |  |  |  | 0.37 |  |  |
Non-operating foreign currency exchange (gains) losses, pre-tax (2) | — |  |  |  |  | (0.01) |  |  |
Tax effect of above adjustments (3) | (0.03) |  |  |  |  | (0.08) |  |  |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 3.55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.37 |  |  |

(1)Consists of employee separation, facility exit and other costs incurred in connection with the NextGen program. S ee Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2)Non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses, inclusive of gains and losses on related foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes, are reported in "Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
(3)Presented below are the tax impacts of each of our non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income:

(in millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Non-GAAP income tax benefit (expense) related to: |  |  |
NextGen charges | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses | (3) |  |  | (2) |

The effective tax rate related to non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses varies depending on the jurisdictions in which such income and expenses are generated and the statutory rates applicable in those jurisdictions. As such, the income tax effect of non-operating foreign currency exchange gains and losses shown in the above table may not appear proportionate to the net pre-tax foreign currency exchange gains and losses reported in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash generated from operations has historically been the primary source of liquidity to fund operations and investments to grow our business. As of September 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $2,025 million. During the third quarter of 2024, we borrowed $600 million under our revolving credit facility, to partially fund the acquisition of Belcan, bringing the available capacity under our credit facility to approximately $1.3 billion.
The following table provides a summary of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30:

(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Increase / Decrease |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | 1,204 |  |  | $ | 1,593 |  |  | $ | (389) |  |  |  |
Investing activities |  | (1,567) |  |  | (499) |  |  | (1,068) |  |  |  |
Financing activities |  | (313) |  |  | (1,154) |  |  | 841 |  |  |  |

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Operating activities
The decrease in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was primarily driven by the $360 million payment made in relation to our dispute with the ITD in January 2024 (see Note 8 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements).
We monitor turnover, aging and the collection of accounts receivable by client. Our DSO calculation includes receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, and contract assets, reduced by the uncollected portion of deferred revenue. Our DSO was 81 days as of September 30, 2024, an increase of 4 days from 77 days as of December 31, 2023. Our DSO was 77 days as of September 30, 2023, an increase of 3 days from 74 days as of December 31, 2022.
Investing activities
The increase in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was primarily driven by higher payments for business combinations, partially offset by higher net maturities of investments in 2024 as compared to 2023.
Financing activities
The decrease in cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was primarily driven by our borrowing under the revolving credit facility to finance the Belcan acquisition in the third quarter of 2024 and lower repurchases of common stock.
We have a Credit Agreement providing for a $650 million Term Loan and a $1,850 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which are each due to mature in October 2027. As of September 30, 2024, we had $600 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, consisting of a Term Benchmark loan with a maturity of October 2027 and an Interest Period (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of one month. We are required under the Credit Agreement to make scheduled quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan. We believe that we currently meet all conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement to borrow thereunder, and we are not aware of any conditions that would prevent us from borrowing part or all of the remaining available capacity under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2024 and through the date of this filing. See Note 7 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Capital Allocation

| Acquisitions
| Share Repurchases
| Dividend payments

We review our capital allocation on an ongoing basis, considering our financial performance and liquidity position, investments required to execute our strategic plans and initiatives, acquisition opportunities, the economic outlook, regulatory changes and other relevant factors. As these factors may change over time, the actual amounts expended on stock repurchase activity, dividends, and acquisitions, if any, during any particular period cannot be predicted and may fluctuate from time to time.
Other Liquidity and Capital Resources Information
We seek to ensure that our worldwide cash is available in the locations in which it is needed. As part of our ongoing liquidity assessments, we regularly monitor the mix of our domestic and international cash flows and cash balances. We evaluate on an ongoing basis what portion of the non-U.S. cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments is needed locally to execute our strategic plans and what amount is available for repatriation back to the United States.
We expect operating cash flows, cash and short-term investment balances, together with the available capacity under our revolving credit facilities, to be sufficient to meet our operating requirements, including purchase commitments, tax payments, including Tax Reform Act transition tax payments, and servicing our debt for the next twelve months. The ability to expand and grow our business in accordance with current plans, make acquisitions, meet long-term capital requirements beyond a twelve-month period and execute our capital return plan will depend on many factors, including the rate, if any, at which cash flow increases, our ability and willingness to pay for acquisitions with capital stock and the availability of public and private debt, including the ability to extend the maturity of or refinance our existing debt, and equity financing. We cannot be certain that additional financing, if required, will be available on terms and conditions acceptable to us, if at all.

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Commitments and Contingencies

See Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported for assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible and intangible assets, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates. The most significant estimates relate to the recognition of revenue and profits, including the application of the cost-to-cost method of measuring progress to completion for certain fixed-price contracts, income taxes, business combinations and valuation of goodwill and other long-lived assets. We base our estimates on historical experience, current trends and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual amounts may differ from the estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Pronouncements

See No te 1 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we borrowed $600 million under our revolving credit facility. The borrowing did not have a material impact on our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates. Aside from the borrowing, there have been no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk from those disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our stock repurchase program allows for the repurchase of up to $11.5 billion, excluding fees and expenses, of our Class A common stock through open market purchases, including under a 10b5-1 Plan in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date and had a remaining balance of $1,377 million as of September 30, 2024. The timing of repurchases and the exact number of shares to be purchased are determined by management, in its discretion, or pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan, and depend upon market conditions and other factors.
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased $228 million of our Class A common stock under our stock repurchase program as follows:

Month |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
July 1, 2024 - July 31, 2024 |  | 1,244,604 |  |  | $ | 70.30 |  |  | 1,244,604 |  |  | $ | 1,517 |
August 1, 2024 - August 31, 2024 |  | 1,087,827 |  |  | 75.19 |  |  | 1,087,827 |  |  | 1,436 |
September 1, 2024 - September 30, 2024 |  | 763,262 |  |  | 76.26 |  |  | 763,262 |  |  | 1,377 |
Total |  | 3,095,693 |  |  | $ | 73.49 |  |  | 3,095,693 |  |  |

The aggregate purchase price and weighted average price per share does not include the excise tax on net stock repurchases incurred as part of the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act. The excise tax was immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we also purchased shares in connection with our stock-based compensation plans, whereby shares of our common stock were tendered by employees for payment of applicable statutory tax withhol dings. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, such repurchases totaled 0.2 million shares at an aggregate cost of $15 million.

Item 5. Other Information

(c) Trading Plans
No director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K) during the three months ended September 30, 2024, except as follows:

Name |  | Title |  | Action |  | Date of adoption/termination |  | Scheduled expiration date 1 |  | Aggregate number of securities to be purchased/sold
John Kim |  | Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary |  | Adoption |  | September 3, 2024 |  | December 4, 2025 |  | Sale of up to 20,000 shares of common stock
Jatin Dalal |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | Adoption |  | September 6, 2024 |  | December 22, 2024 |  | Sale of up to 5,000 shares of common stock

(1) The trading plan may also expire on such earlier date as all transactions under the trading plan are completed.
Each of the trading arrangements listed in the above table is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1.

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Item 6. Exhibit Index

EXHIBIT INDEX

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  |
Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Date |  | Filed or Furnished Herewith
2.1 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 5, 2024, among Propulsion Holdings, LLC, Cognizant Domestic Holdings Corporation, Eagle Acquisition Sub, LLC, and Propulsion Intermediate, LP |  | 8-K |  | 000-24429 |  | 2.1 |  |  | 6/10/2024 |  |
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 4, 2024 |  | 8-K |  | 000-24429 |  | 3.1 |  |  | 6/7/2024 |  |
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws, as adopted on September 14, 2018 |  | 8-K |  | 000-24429 |  | 3.1 |  |  | 9/20/2018 |  |
10.1 |  | Des cription of Reim bursement Arrangement with Jatin Dalal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
31.1 |  | Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
31.2 |  | Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
32.1 |  | Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Furnished
32.2 |  | Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Furnished
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Filed

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation
Date: | October 30, 2024 |  |  | By: |  | /s/ R AVI K UMAR S
|  |  |  |  |  | Ravi Kumar S,
|  |  |  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: | October 30, 2024 |  |  | By: |  | /s/ J ATIN D ALAL
|  |  |  |  |  | Jatin Dalal,
|  |  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

Cognizant Technology Solutions | 45 | September 30, 2024 Form 10-Q