Investments Accounted for by the Equity Method and Variable Interest Entities

Entities that are not Consolidated

NRG accounts for the Company's significant investments using the equity method of accounting. NRG's carrying value of equity investments can be impacted by a number of elements including impairments, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives and movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

The following table summarizes NRG's equity method investments as of December 31, 2018:



Name	Economic Interest		Investment Balance
			(In millions)
Agua Caliente	35.0	%	200
Gladstone	37.5	%	140
Ivanpah Master Holdings, LLC	54.5	%	37
Watson Cogeneration Company	49.0	%	17
Midway-Sunset Cogeneration Company	50.0	%	12
Other^(a)	Various		6
Total equity investments in affiliates			$	412

(a) Refer to Note 9, Asset Impairments, for discussion of NRG's investment in Petra Nova Parish Holdings, LLC



	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In millions)
Undistributed earnings from equity investments	$	34	$	38

PG&E Bankruptcy - The Company's Agua Caliente and Ivanpah projects are party to PPAs with PG&E. Both projects have project financing with the U.S. DOE. On January 29, 2019, PG&E Corp. and subsidiary utility PG&E filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As part of their filing, PG&E asked the Bankruptcy Court to confirm "exclusive jurisdiction" over their "rights to reject" PPAs or other contracts regulated by FERC. As a result of the bankruptcy filing, the Agua Caliente and Ivanpah projects have issued notices of events of default under their respective loan agreements. The Company is working with its partners on the projects and the loan counterparties, however, given the uncertainty involved in bankruptcy proceedings, it is uncertain whether, and to what extent, PG&E's bankruptcy may in the future impact the PPAs and have any resulting impact on the Agua Caliente and Ivanpah projects. NRG's maximum exposure to loss is limited to its equity investment, which was $200 million for Agua Caliente and $37 million for Ivanpah. See Note 11, Debt and Capital Leases for further discussion on Agua Caliente.

Variable Interest Entities

NRG accounts for its interests in certain entities that are considered VIEs under ASC 810, Consolidation, for which NRG is not the primary beneficiary, under the equity method.

Through its consolidated subsidiary, NRG Solar Ivanpah LLC, NRG owns a 54.5% interest in Ivanpah Master Holdings, LLC, or Ivanpah, the owner of three solar electric generating projects located in the Mojave Desert with a total capacity of 393 MW. NRG considers this investment a VIE under ASC 810 and NRG is not considered the primary beneficiary. The Company accounts for its interest under the equity method of accounting.

The Ivanpah solar electric generating projects were funded in large part by loans guaranteed by the U.S. DOE and equity from the projects' partners. During the first quarter of 2018, all interested parties sought a restructuring of Ivanpah's debt in order to avoid a potential event of default with respect to the loans in connection with several recent events. Ensuing negotiations culminated in a settlement during the second quarter of 2018 between the parties which resulted in certain transactions, including the release of reserves totaling $95 million to fund equity distributions to the partners, which reduced the equity at risk, and the prepayment of certain of the debt balance outstanding, and the amendment of certain of Ivanpah's governing documents. The equity distributions and prepayment of debt were funded by the agreed upon release of reserve funds. These events were considered to be a reconsideration event in accordance with ASC 810. As a result, NRG determined that it is not the primary beneficiary and deconsolidated Ivanpah. NRG recognized a loss of $22 million on the deconsolidation and subsequent recognition of Ivanpah as an equity method investment. The deconsolidation of Ivanpah reduced the Company's assets by approximately $1.3 billion, which was primarily property, plant and equipment, and reduced the Company's liabilities by $1.2 billion, which was primarily long-term debt.

Other Equity Investments

Gladstone — Through a joint venture, NRG owns a 37.5% interest in Gladstone, a 1,613 MW coal-fueled power generation facility in Queensland, Australia. The power generation facility is managed by the joint venture participants and the facility is operated by NRG. Operating expenses incurred in connection with the operation of the facility are funded by each of the participants in proportion to their ownership interests. Coal is sourced from local mines in Queensland. NRG and the joint venture participants receive their respective share of revenues directly from the off takers in proportion to the ownership interests in the joint venture. Power generated by the facility is primarily sold to an adjacent aluminum smelter, with excess power sold to the Queensland Government-owned utility under long-term supply contracts. NRG's investment in Gladstone was $140 million as of December 31, 2018.

Entities that are Consolidated

The Company has a controlling financial interest in certain entities which have been identified as VIEs under ASC 810. These arrangements are primarily related to tax equity arrangements entered into with third-parties in order to finance the cost of solar energy systems under operating leases eligible for certain tax credits as further described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The summarized financial information for the Company's consolidated VIEs consisted of the following:



(In millions)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Current assets	$	3	$	6
Net property, plant and equipment	76		80
Other long-term assets	28		36
Total assets	107		122
Current liabilities	2		3
Long-term debt	29		30
Other long-term liabilities	7		7
Total liabilities	38		40
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	19		19
Net assets less noncontrolling interests	$	50	$	63