Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Energy-Related Commodities

As of March 31, 2019, NRG had energy-related derivative instruments extending through 2034. The Company marks these derivatives to market through the statement of operations. NRG has executed power purchase agreements extending through 2033 that qualified for the NPNS exception and were therefore exempt from fair value accounting treatment.

Interest Rate Swaps

NRG is exposed to changes in interest rates through the Company's issuance of variable rate debt. In order to manage the Company's interest rate risk, NRG enters into interest rate swap agreements. As of March 31, 2019, NRG had interest rate derivative instruments on recourse debt extending through 2021.

Volumetric Underlying Derivative Transactions

The following table summarizes the net notional volume buy/(sell) of NRG's open derivative transactions broken out by category, excluding those derivatives that qualified for the NPNS exception, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Option contracts are reflected using delta volume. Delta volume equals the notional volume of an option adjusted for the probability that the option will be in-the-money at its expiration date.



		Total Volume
		March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Category	Units	(In millions)
Emissions	Short Ton	1			(2		)
Renewable Energy Certificates	Certificates	1			1
Coal	Short Ton	9			13
Natural Gas	MMBtu	(236		)	(330		)
Oil	Barrels	—			1
Power	MWh	8			1
Capacity	MW/Day	(1		)	(1		)
Interest	Dollars	$	1,000		$	1,000

The decrease in the natural gas position was primarily the result of additional retail hedge positions and settlement of generation hedges.

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the fair value within the derivative instrument valuation on the balance sheets:



	Fair Value
	Derivative Assets				Derivative Liabilities
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In millions)
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate contracts current	$	15	$	17	$	—	$	—
Interest rate contracts long-term	14		22		—		—
Commodity contracts current	596		747		489		673
Commodity contracts long-term	333		295		350		304
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedges	$	958	$	1,081	$	839	$	977

The Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities on the balance sheet on a trade-by-trade basis and does not offset amounts at the counterparty master agreement level. In addition, collateral received or paid on the Company's derivative assets or liabilities are recorded on a separate line item on the balance sheet. The following table summarizes the offsetting of derivatives by counterparty master agreement level and collateral received or paid:



	Gross Amounts Not Offset in the March 31, 2019 Balance Sheet
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities			Derivative Instruments			Cash Collateral (Held) / Posted			Net Amount
	(In millions)
Commodity contracts:
Derivative assets	$	929		$	(689	)	$	(5	)	$	235
Derivative liabilities	(839		)	689			92			(58		)
Total commodity contracts	90			—			87			177
Interest rate contracts:
Derivative assets	29			—			—			29
Total interest rate contracts	29			—			—			29
Total derivative instruments	$	119		$	—		$	87		$	206



	Gross Amounts Not Offset in the December 31, 2018 Balance Sheet
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities			Derivative Instruments			Cash Collateral (Held) / Posted			Net Amount
	(In millions)
Commodity contracts:
Derivative assets	$	1,042		$	(778	)	$	(31	)	$	233
Derivative liabilities	(977		)	778			114			(85		)
Total commodity contracts	65			—			83			148
Interest rate contracts:
Derivative assets	39			—			—			39
Total interest rate contracts	39			—			—			39
Total derivative instruments	$	104		$	—		$	83		$	187

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the effects on the Company's accumulated OCL balance attributable to cash flow hedge derivatives, net of tax:



	Interest Rate Contracts
	Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In millions)
Accumulated OCL beginning balance	$	—	$	(54	)
Reclassified from accumulated OCL to income:
Due to realization of previously deferred amounts	—		4
Mark-to-market of cash flow hedge accounting contracts	—		19
Accumulated OCL ending balance, net of $0, and $6 tax	$	—	$	(31	)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCL into income are recorded in discontinued operations.

Impact of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Operations

Unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not accounted for as cash flow hedges are reflected in current period results of operations.

The following table summarizes the pre-tax effects of economic hedges that have not been designated as cash flow hedges and trading activity on the Company's statement of operations. The effect of commodity hedges is included within operating revenues and cost of operations and the effect of interest rate hedges is included in interest expense.



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Unrealized mark-to-market results	(In millions)
Reversal of previously recognized unrealized losses on settled positions related to economic hedges	$	19		$	1
Reversal of acquired gain positions related to economic hedges	(2		)	—
Net unrealized gains on open positions related to economic hedges	3			205
Total unrealized mark-to-market gains for economic hedging activities	20			206
Reversal of previously recognized unrealized gains on settled positions related to trading activity	(6		)	(3		)
Net unrealized gains on open positions related to trading activity	13			11
Total unrealized mark-to-market gains for trading activity	7			8
Total unrealized gains	$	27		$	214



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(In millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) included in operating revenues	$	27		$	(88	)
Unrealized gains included in cost of operations	—			302
Total impact to statement of operations — energy commodities	$	27		$	214
Total impact to statement of operations — interest rate contracts	$	(9	)	$	12

The reversals of acquired gain or loss positions were valued based upon the forward prices on the acquisition date. The roll-off amounts were offset by realized gains or losses at the settled prices and are reflected in operating revenue or cost of operations during the same period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the $3 million unrealized gain from economic hedge positions was primarily the result of an increase in value of forward power positions due to a decrease in power prices.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the $205 million unrealized gains from economic hedge positions was primarily the result of an increase in value of forward purchases of ERCOT heat rate contracts due to ERCOT heat rate expansion.

Credit Risk Related Contingent Features

Certain of the Company's hedging agreements contain provisions that require the Company to post additional collateral if the counterparty determines that there has been deterioration in credit quality, generally termed “adequate assurance” under the agreements, or require the Company to post additional collateral if there were a one notch downgrade in the Company's credit rating. The collateral required for contracts with adequate assurance clauses that are in a net liability position as of March 31, 2019 was $17 million. The collateral required for contracts with credit rating contingent features that are in a net liability position as of March 31, 2019 was $23 million. The Company is also a party to certain marginable agreements under which it has a net liability position, but the counterparty has not called for the collateral due, which was $3 million as of March 31, 2019.

See Note 5, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to this Form 10-Q for discussion regarding concentration of credit risk.