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Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Energy-Related Commodities As of September 30, 2021, NRG had energy-related derivative instruments extending through 2036. The Company marks these derivatives to market through the statement of operations. NRG has executed power purchase agreements extending through 2038 that qualified for the NPNS exception and were therefore exempt from fair value accounting treatment. Foreign Exchange Contracts NRG is exposed to changes in foreign currency associated with the purchase of USD denominated natural gas for its Canadian business. In order to manage the Company's foreign exchange risk, NRG entered into foreign exchange contracts. As of September 30, 2021, NRG had foreign exchange contracts extending through 2024. The Company marks these derivatives to market through the statement of operations. Volumetric Underlying Derivative Transactions The following table summarizes the net notional volume buy/(sell) of NRG's open derivative transactions broken out by category, excluding those derivatives that qualified for the NPNS exception, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Option contracts are reflected using delta volume. Delta volume equals the notional volume of an option adjusted for the probability that the option will be in-the-money at its expiration date.
|  | Total Volume (In millions)
Category | Units | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Emissions | Short Ton | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Renewable Energy Certificates | Certificates | 13 |  |  | 5 |
Coal | Short Ton | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Natural Gas | MMBtu | 663 |  |  | (286) |
Oil | Barrels | 1 |  |  | — |
Power | MWh | 185 |  |  | 57 |
Capacity | MW/Day | — |  |  | (1) |
Foreign Exchange | Dollars | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | — |
The increase in positions was primarily the result of the Direct Energy acquisition. Fair Value of Derivative Instruments The following table summarizes the fair value within the derivative instrument valuation on the balance sheets:
| Fair Value
| Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
(In millions) | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts - current | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts - current | 8,527 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | 499 |
Commodity contracts - long-term | 2,671 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | 385 |
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedges | $ | 11,199 |  |  | $ | 821 |  |  | $ | 7,521 |  |  | $ | 884 |
The Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities on the balance sheet on a trade-by-trade basis and does not offset amounts at the counterparty master agreement level. In addition, collateral received or paid on the Company's derivative assets or liabilities are recorded on a separate line item on the balance sheet. The following table summarizes the offsetting of derivatives by counterparty master agreement level and collateral received or paid:
|  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
(In millions) |  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Cash Collateral (Held) / Posted |  | Net Amount
As of September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Total foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Commodity contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 11,198 |  |  | $ | (6,946) |  |  | $ | (1,712) |  |  | $ | 2,540 |
Derivative liabilities |  | (7,521) |  |  | 6,946 |  |  | — |  |  | (575) |
Total commodity contracts |  | $ | 3,677 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,712) |  |  | $ | 1,965 |
Total derivative instruments |  | $ | 3,678 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,712) |  |  | $ | 1,966 |
|  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
(In millions) |  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Cash Collateral (Held) / Posted |  | Net Amount
As of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 821 |  |  | $ | (658) |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 158 |
Derivative liabilities |  | (884) |  |  | 658 |  |  | — |  |  | (226) |
Total commodity contracts |  | $ | (63) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (68) |
Impact of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Operations Unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not accounted for as cash flow and fair value hedges are reflected in current period results of operations. The following table summarizes the pre-tax effects of economic hedges that have not been designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges and trading activity on the Company's statement of operations. The effect of foreign exchange and commodity hedges are included within operating revenues and cost of operations.
(In millions) | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
Unrealized mark-to-market results | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Reversal of previously recognized unrealized (gains) on settled positions related to economic hedges | $ | (97) |  |  | $ | (101) |  |  | $ | (58) |  |  | $ | (62) |
Reversal of acquired (gain)/loss positions related to economic hedges | (42) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 206 |  |  | 2 |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on open positions related to economic hedges | 1,924 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 3,875 |  |  | 73 |
Total unrealized mark-to-market gains/(losses) for economic hedging activities | 1,785 |  |  | (118) |  |  | 4,023 |  |  | 13 |
Reversal of previously recognized unrealized (gains) on settled positions related to trading activity | (6) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (14) |
Net unrealized gains on open positions related to trading activity | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 19 |
Total unrealized mark-to-market gains/(losses) for trading activity | 8 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Total unrealized gains/(losses) | $ | 1,793 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | $ | 4,025 |  |  | $ | 18 |
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Unrealized gains/(losses) included in operating revenues - commodities | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | (97) |  |  | $ | 83 |
Unrealized gains/(losses) included in cost of operations - commodities | 1,777 |  |  | (157) |  |  | 4,121 |  |  | (65) |
Unrealized gains included in cost of operations - foreign exchange | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total impact to statement of operations | $ | 1,793 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | $ | 4,025 |  |  | $ | 18 |
The reversals of acquired loss positions were valued based upon the forward prices on the acquisition date. The roll-off amounts were offset by realized gains or losses at the settled prices and are reflected in operating revenue or cost of operations during the same period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the $3.9 billion unrealized gain from open economic hedge positions was primarily the result of an increase in value of forward positions as a result of increases in natural gas and power prices. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the $73 million unrealized gain from open economic hedge positions was primarily the result of an increase in value of forward positions as a result of decreases in New York capacity and power prices, as well as increases in ERCOT power prices. Credit Risk Related Contingent Features Certain of the Company's hedging and trading agreements contain provisions that entitle the counterparty to demand that the Company post additional collateral if the counterparty determines that there has been deterioration in the Company's credit quality, generally termed “adequate assurance” under the agreements, or require the Company to post additional collateral if there were a downgrade in the Company's credit rating. In addition, as a result of the acquisition of Direct Energy from Centrica, certain of the Company’s agreements as of September 30, 2021, were still supported by credit support posted by Centrica, and as a result could require the Company to post collateral upon a deterioration or downgrade of Centrica. The collateral potentially required for all contracts with adequate assurance clauses that are in a net liability position as of September 30, 2021 was $865 million. The Company is also party to certain marginable agreements under which it has net liability position, but the counterparty has not called for the collateral due, which was $92 million as of September 30, 2021. In the event of a downgrade in the Company's credit rating and if called for by the counterparty, $35 million of additional collateral would be required for all contracts with credit rating contingent features as of September 30, 2021. See Note 5, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for discussion regarding concentration of credit risk.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph (f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123477628&loc=d3e90205-114008 + Details
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