The table below presents the changes of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 based on the Company's reportable segments.


(in millions)	Texas		East		West/Services/Other		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	289	$	240	$	50	$	579
Goodwill resulted from the acquisition of Direct Energy	427		648		175		1,250
Impairment losses	—		(35)		—		(35)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		1		1
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	716	$	853	$	226	$	1,795

Impairment losses	—		(130)		—		(130)
Asset sales	(6)		—		—		(6)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(9)		(9)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	710	$	723	$	217	$	1,650

The Company's intangible assets as of December 31, 2022, primarily reflect intangible assets established with the acquisitions of various companies, including Direct Energy, Stream Energy, other retail acquisitions and Texas Genco. Intangible assets are comprised of the following:

•Emission Allowances — These intangibles primarily consist of SO2 emission allowances, including those established with the 2006 acquisition of Texas Genco, RGGI emission credits and California carbon allowances. These emission allowances are held-for-use and are amortized to cost of operations based on units of production.

•Customer and supply contracts — These intangibles include the fair value at the acquisition date of in-market and out-of-market customer and supply contracts from the acquisition of Direct Energy and are amortized to revenue and cost of operations, respectively, based upon the fair market value, as of the acquisition date, for each delivery month. It also included energy supply contracts acquired with Stream Energy that represent the fair value at the acquisition date of in-market contracts for the purchase of energy to serve retail electric customers and are amortized based on the expected delivery under the respective contracts.

•Customer relationships — These intangibles represent the fair value at the acquisition date of acquired businesses' customer base from the acquisition of Direct Energy and other acquisitions. The customer relationships are amortized to depreciation and amortization expense based on the expected discounted future net cash flows by year.

•Marketing partnerships — These intangibles represent the fair value at the acquisition date of existing agreements with marketing vendors and loyalty and affinity partners for customer acquisition. The marketing partnerships are amortized to depreciation and amortization expense based on the expected discounted future net cash flows by year.

•Other — These intangibles primarily include renewable energy credits. RECs are retired, as required, for the applicable compliance period. They are expensed to cost of operations based on NRG’s customer usage. It also includes in-market nuclear fuel contracts established from the Texas Genco acquisition in 2006 which are amortized to

cost of operations over expected volumes over the life of each contract, costs to extend the operating license for STP Units 1 and 2 and intellectual property related to Goal Zero, which are amortized to depreciation and amortization expense.


(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2022	Emission Allowances		Customer and Supply Contracts		Customer Relationships		Marketing Partnerships		Trade Names		Other(b)		Total
January 1, 2022	$	634	$	638	$	1,679	$	284	$	683	$	229	$	4,147
Purchases	26		—		—		—		—		404		430
Acquisition of businesses (a)	—		—		55		—		—		—		55
Usage/Sales/Retirements	(33)		—		—		—		—		(341)		(374)
Write-off of fully amortized balances	(14)		—		—		—		—		—		(14)

Other	11		(3)		(4)		—		(4)		—		—
December 31, 2022	624		635		1,730		284		679		292		4,244
Less accumulated amortization	(528)		(235)		(787)		(146)		(341)		(75)		(2,112)
Net carrying amount	$	96	$	400	$	943	$	138	$	338	$	217	$	2,132


(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2021	Emission Allowances		Customer and Supply Contracts		Customer Relationships		Marketing Partnerships		Trade Names		Other(b)		Total
January 1, 2021	$	672	$	28	$	527	$	285	$	373	$	140	$	2,025
Purchases	10		—		—		—		—		338		348
Acquisition of businesses (a)	—		610		1,308		—		310		124		2,352
Usage/Retirements	(1)		—		—		—		—		(364)		(365)
Write-off of fully amortized balances	(51)		—		(158)		—		—		(7)		(216)

Other	4		—		2		(1)		—		(2)		3
December 31, 2021	634		638		1,679		284		683		229		4,147
Less accumulated amortization	(536)		(94)		(518)		(123)		(294)		(71)		(1,636)
Net carrying amount	$	98	$	544	$	1,161	$	161	$	389	$	158	$	2,511


	Years Ended December 31,
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Emission allowances	$	6	$	24	$	28
Customer and supply contracts	141		66		12
Customer relationships	269		327		74
Marketing partnerships	23		24		24
Trade names	47		47		27
Other(a)	4		7		3
Total amortization	$	490	$	495	$	168

(a)For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, other intangibles were amortized to depreciation and amortization expense for $4 million, $3 million and $3 million, respectively

The following table presents estimated amortization of NRG's intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 for each of the next five years:


(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,	Emission Allowances		Customer and Supply Contracts		Customer Relationships		Marketing Partnerships		Trade Names		Other		Total
2023	$	18	$	119	$	226	$	23	$	46	$	4	$	436
2024	19		73		159		23		38		3		315
2025	18		50		118		22		31		4		243
2026	10		52		103		22		23		3		213
2027	10		30		74		22		23		3		162

Intangible assets held-for-sale — From time to time, management may authorize the transfer from the Company's emission bank of emission allowances held-for-use to intangible assets held-for-sale. Emission allowances held-for-sale are included in other non-current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet and are not amortized, but rather expensed as sold. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the value of emission allowances held-for-sale was $8 million and $15 million, respectively, within the Corporate segment. Once transferred to held-for-sale, these emission allowances are prohibited from moving back to held-for-use.