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Income Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Effective Income Tax Rate The income tax provision consisted of the following:
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(In millions, except rates) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
(Loss)/Income before income taxes | $ | (1,014) |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | (866) |
Income tax (benefit)/expense | (247) |  |  | 65 |  |  | 251 |  |  | (182) |
Effective income tax rate | 24.4 | % |  | 15.9 | % |  | 34.2 | % |  | 21.0 | %
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the effective tax rate was higher than the statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the state tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effective tax rate was higher than the statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the state tax expense and permanent differences. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the effective tax rate was lower than the statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to a decrease in state tax expense resulting from a decrease in year-to-date financial statement losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effective tax rate approximated the statutory rate of 21%, which includes the impact of state and foreign taxes. On September 12, 2024, Treasury and the IRS released proposed regulations that provide guidance on the application of the CAMT. The proposed regulations allow excluding of unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses, related to qualified hedge transactions, from adjusted financial statement income. The Company will continue to evaluate the applicable corporation status and the impact of the CAMT based on the proposed guidance. As of September 30, 2024, there is no impact on the Company’s provision for income taxes from the CAMT. Uncertain Tax Benefits As of September 30, 2024, NRG had a non-current tax liability of $70 million for uncertain tax benefits from positions taken on various federal and state income tax returns inclusive of accrued interest. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, NRG accrued $1 million of interest relating to the uncertain tax benefits. As of September 30, 2024, NRG had cumulative interest and penalties related to these uncertain tax benefits of $4 million. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits in income tax expense. NRG is subject to examination by taxing authorities for income tax returns filed in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions including operations located in Australia and Canada. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years prior to 2020. With few exceptions, state and Canadian income tax examinations are no longer open for years prior to 2015.

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