Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

General

NRG Energy, Inc., or NRG or the Company, sits at the intersection of energy and home services. NRG is a leading energy and home services company fueled by market-leading brands, proprietary technologies, and complementary sales channels. Across the United States and Canada, NRG delivers innovative, sustainable solutions, predominately under brand names such as NRG, Reliant, Direct Energy, Green Mountain Energy and Vivint, while also advocating for competitive energy markets and customer choice. The Company has a customer base that includes approximately 8 million residential consumers in addition to commercial, industrial, and wholesale customers, supported by approximately 13 GW of generation as of September 30, 2024.

The Company's business is segmented as follows:

•Texas, which includes all activity related to customer, plant and market operations in Texas, other than Cottonwood;

•East, which includes all activity related to customer, plant and market operations in the East;

•West/Services/Other, which includes the following assets and activities: (i) all activity related to customer, plant and market operations in the West and Canada, (ii) the Services businesses and (iii) activity related to the Cottonwood facility and other investments;

•Vivint Smart Home; and

•Corporate activities.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the SEC's regulations for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The following notes should be read in conjunction with the accounting policies and other disclosures as set forth in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all material adjustments consisting of normal and recurring accruals necessary to present fairly the Company's consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2024, and the results of operations, comprehensive (loss)/income, cash flows and stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The Company identified an error in the previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2023 related to the presentation of cash flows associated with certain borrowings and repayments related to certain credit facilities. The statement of cash flows for the period ended September 30, 2023 has been adjusted to present on a gross basis the certain borrowings from credit facilities of $3.0 billion and the related repayments of $3.0 billion. The change had no impact to the total cash used by financing activities for the period ended September 30, 2023. The Company evaluated the materiality of this error both qualitatively and quantitatively and has concluded it is immaterial to the impacted period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes. The reclassifications did not affect consolidated results of operations, net assets or consolidated cash flows.

Presentation Adjustments

As of September 30, 2024, the Company is recording the amortization of capitalized contracts costs within depreciation and amortization. This change, along with additional financial statement disclosures, is meant to address investor inquiries by enhancing transparency to easier match expenses with revenues. NRG previously recorded amortization of capitalized contract costs related to fulfillment in cost of operations and amortization of capitalized contract costs related to customer acquisition primarily in selling, general and administrative costs in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents adjustments within the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to capitalized contract costs:


(In millions)	As Previously Presented		Presentation Adjustments		As Adjusted
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Cost of operations (excluding depreciation and amortization shown below)	$	6,421	$	(15)	$	6,406
Depreciation and amortization	308		51		359
Selling, general and administrative costs	638		(36)		602
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Cost of operations (excluding depreciation and amortization shown below)	$	20,161	$	(24)	$	20,137
Depreciation and amortization	813		108		921
Selling, general and administrative costs	1,586		(84)		1,502

The following table presents adjustments within the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to capitalized contract costs:


(In millions)	As Previously Presented		Presentation Adjustments		As Adjusted
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Amortization of capitalized contract costs	$	—	$	108	$	108
Changes in other working capital	(985)		(108)		(1,093)