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INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES | INCOME TAXES The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (In millions)
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | 107.8 |  |  | $ | 154.8 |
State | 11.4 |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 24.3 |
Foreign | 31.5 |  |  | 71.7 |  |  | 67.0 |
| 52.3 |  |  | 192.7 |  |  | 246.1 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 22.6 |  |  | (19.2 | ) |  | 16.5 |
State | 0.7 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.8 |
Foreign | (25.6 | ) |  | (26.2 | ) |  | (32.3 | )
| (2.3 | ) |  | (44.1 | ) |  | (13.0 | )
Provision for income taxes | $ | 50.0 |  |  | $ | 148.6 |  |  | $ | 233.1 |
Domestic and foreign income before income taxes was as follows:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (In millions)
U.S. | $ | 339.6 |  |  | $ | 711.1 |  |  | $ | 739.6 |
Foreign | 16.7 |  |  | 35.5 |  |  | (11.4 | )
| $ | 356.3 |  |  | $ | 746.6 |  |  | $ | 728.2 |
The provision for income taxes reconciles with the U.S. federal statutory rate, as follows:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (In millions)
Federal statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
Provision computed at federal statutory rate | $ | 74.8 |  |  | $ | 261.3 |  |  | $ | 254.9 |
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 10.7 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 17.2 |
Foreign | 0.1 |  |  | (41.9 | ) |  | (40.3 | )
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 | — |  |  | (48.3 | ) |  |
Federal research & development credit | (13.0 | ) |  | (6.7 | ) |  | — |
Equity compensation | (7.5 | ) |  | (26.7 | ) |  | — |
Tax reserves | 2.4 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 11.9 |
Equifax Australia settlement | (14.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | (3.4 | ) |  | (4.9 | ) |  | (10.6 | )
Provision for income taxes | $ | 50.0 |  |  | $ | 148.6 |  |  | $ | 233.1 |
Effective income tax rate | 14.0 | % |  | 19.9 | % |  | 32.0 | %
We record deferred income taxes using enacted tax laws and rates for the years in which the taxes are expected to be paid. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities. For additional information about our income tax policy, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017, were as follows:
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (In millions)
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |
Net operating and capital loss carryforwards | $ | 326.8 |  |  | $ | 279.9 |
Goodwill and intangible assets | 119.4 |  |  | 129.3 |
Employee compensation programs | 42.0 |  |  | 33.1 |
Foreign tax credits | 16.8 |  |  | 17.6 |
Employee pension benefits | 35.2 |  |  | 40.8 |
Reserves and accrued expenses | 28.3 |  |  | 23.8 |
Research and development costs | 30.3 |  |  | 26.7 |
Other | 11.6 |  |  | 8.7 |
Gross deferred income tax assets | 610.4 |  |  | 559.9 |
Valuation allowance | (431.9 | ) |  | (401.8 | )
Total deferred income tax assets, net | 178.5 |  |  | 158.1 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill and intangible assets | (431.0 | ) |  | (387.6 | )
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries | (8.7 | ) |  | (7.6 | )
Depreciation | (31.6 | ) |  | (41.5 | )
Other | (12.3 | ) |  | (20.6 | )
Total deferred income tax liability | (483.6 | ) |  | (457.3 | )
Net deferred income tax liability | $ | (305.1 | ) |  | $ | (299.2 | )
Our deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (In millions)
Long-term deferred income tax assets, included in other assets | $ | 11.1 |  |  | $ | 5.9 |
Long-term deferred income tax liabilities | (316.2 | ) |  | (305.1 | )
Net deferred income tax liability | $ | (305.1 | ) |  | $ | (299.2 | )
We record deferred income taxes on the temporary differences of our foreign subsidiaries and branches, except for the temporary differences related to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries which we consider indefinitely invested. As of December 31, 2018, we have indefinitely invested $85.7 million attributable to pre-2004 undistributed earnings of our Canadian and Chilean subsidiaries. If the pre-2004 earnings were not considered indefinitely invested, $6.4 million of deferred withholding tax liability would have been provided. Further, we are permanently invested with respect to the original investment in foreign subsidiaries. Therefore, we have not provided the deferred tax assets on the outside basis of these subsidiaries as we have no intent to sell or divest of these subsidiaries. Cumulative undistributed earnings were subject to a transition tax as a result of the Tax Act which we estimated to be zero. However, the Company has provided for local country withholding taxes related to these earnings. At December 31, 2018, we had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $134.5 million, of which $1.8 million related to state net operating losses that have indefinite carryforward periods and the remainder will expire at various times between 2021 and 2038. We also had foreign net operating loss carryforwards totaling $1,114.9 million of which $399.1 million will expire between 2019 and 2038 and the remaining $715.8 million will carryforward indefinitely. Foreign capital loss carryforwards of $15.7 million may be carried forward indefinitely, and state capital loss carryforwards of $2.5 million expired in 2018. We had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $16.8 million which will expire in the years 2025 through 2027. Additionally, we had state and foreign research and development credit carryforwards of $30.3 million. The U.S. credits expire between 2021 through 2029 and the foreign credits have an indefinite expiration period. The deferred tax asset related to the net operating loss, capital loss carryforwards, foreign tax credit carryforwards, and research and development credit is $373.9 million of which $310.2 million has been fully reserved in the deferred tax valuation allowance. Cash paid for income taxes, net of amounts refunded, was $59.6 million, $215.7 million and $173.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes on our Consolidated Statements of Income. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (In millions)
Beginning balance (January 1) | $ | 35.0 |  |  | $ | 32.5 |
Increases related to prior year tax positions | 2.0 |  |  | 0.6 |
Decreases related to prior year tax positions | (15.2 | ) |  | (5.6 | )
Increases related to current year tax positions | 5.0 |  |  | 13.1 |
Decreases related to settlements | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes | (3.5 | ) |  | (5.8 | )
Currency translation adjustment | (0.5 | ) |  | 0.5 |
Ending balance (December 31) | $ | 22.3 |  |  | $ | 35.0 |
We recorded liabilities of $24.9 million and $38.0 million for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which included interest and penalties of $2.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the total amount of unrecognized benefits that, if recognized, would have affected the effective tax rate was $23.8 million and $35.7 million, respectively, which included interest and penalties of $2.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively. During 2018 and 2017, interest and penalties of $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, were accrued. Equifax and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state and international income taxes. We are generally no longer subject to federal, state or international income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014. Due to the potential for resolution of state and foreign examinations, and the expiration of various statutes of limitations, it is reasonably possible that Equifax’s gross unrecognized tax benefit balance may change within the next twelve months by a range of zero to $4.1 million. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. In 2017 and the first nine months of 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for certain enactment-date effects of the Tax Act by applying the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 because we had not yet completed our enactment-date accounting for these effects. In 2017, the Company recorded tax expense related to the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act which consisted primarily of adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities. During 2018, additional guidance was issued with respect to the Tax Act. The Company analyzed provisional amounts recorded for certain enactment-date accounting effects of the Tax Act. The result of this analysis was that no changes were required with respect to provisional amounts previously recorded at December 31, 2017. For provisional amounts recorded during 2018, adjustments were made in the fourth quarter of 2018 as a result of notices and regulations issued and proposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (“Proposed Regulations”) that were issued in the quarter for the §163(j) interest limitation provisions and the foreign tax credits provisions. SAB 118 Measurement Period We applied the guidance in SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act in 2017 and throughout 2018. At December 31, 2017, we had not completed our accounting for all of the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Act under ASC 740, Income Taxes, for the following aspects: re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, one-time transition tax and tax on global intangible low-taxed income. At December 31, 2018, we have now completed our accounting for all of the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Act. As mentioned above and further discussed below, during 2018, no adjustments were required to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017. For the provisional amounts recorded during 2018, adjustments were made in the fourth quarter of 2018 for §163(j) interest limitation and foreign tax credit provisions as a result of clarifying guidance included in the issuance of Proposed Regulations. There were no material adjustments to other provisions in which provisional amounts were estimated during 2018. One-Time Transition Tax The one-time transition tax is based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P), the tax on which we previously deferred from U.S. income taxes under U.S. law. The Company determined it was not subject to the one-time transition tax and therefore the provisional amount was zero. During 2018, upon further analysis of the Tax Act and notices and Proposed Regulations, we finalized our calculations of the transition tax liability. The analysis confirmed the Company was not liable for the one-time transition tax and therefore no adjustment was required to the provisional amount recorded. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities As of December 31, 2017, we re-measured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they were expected to reverse in the future (which was generally 21%), by recording a provisional amount of $85.1 million. Further analysis of certain aspects of the Tax Act and refinement of our calculations during the twelve months ending December 31, 2018 resulted in no material adjustments to our provisional amounts. Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) We have elected to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. This election did not impact the 2018 effective tax rate.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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