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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-06605

EQUIFAX INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia | 58-0401110
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

1550 Peachtree Street | N.W. | Atlanta | Georgia | 30309
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

404-885-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1.25 par value per share |  | EFX |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | Accelerated filer | Non-accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company
☒ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
On October 8, 2021, there were 122,001,519 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
1

EQUIFAX INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
INDEX

|  | Page
PART I. | Financial Information | 4
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Income—Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Income—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 6
| Consolidated Balance Sheets—September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 8
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity—Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 9
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 10
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 12
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 40
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 40
PART II. | Other Information | 41
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 41
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 42
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
Signatures |  | 45

2

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains information that may constitute “forward-looking statements.” Generally, the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “will,” “may” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to future operating results, the 2017 cybersecurity incident, improvements in our information technology and data security infrastructure, including as a part of our cloud data and technology transformation, our strategy, our ability to mitigate or manage disruptions posed by COVID-19, the impact of COVID-19 and changes in U.S. and worldwide economic conditions that materially impact consumer spending, consumer debt and employment and the demand for Equifax's products and services, our culture, our ability to innovate, the market acceptance of new products and services and similar statements about our business plans are forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as well as subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. As a result of such risks and uncertainties, we urge you not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date when made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below) |  | 489.0 |  |  | 433.2 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 344.2 |  |  | 330.0 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 116.5 |  |  | 100.7 |
Total operating expenses |  | 949.7 |  |  | 863.9 |
Operating income |  | 273.2 |  |  | 204.4 |
Interest expense |  | (35.0) |  |  | (37.4) |
Other income, net |  | 27.2 |  |  | 139.1 |
Consolidated income before income taxes |  | 265.4 |  |  | 306.1 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (58.8) |  |  | (76.8) |
Consolidated net income |  | 206.6 |  |  | 229.3 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests including redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | (1.2) |  |  | (0.8) |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 205.4 |  |  | $ | 228.5 |
Basic earnings per common share: |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic earnings per share |  | 121.9 |  |  | 121.5 |
Diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 1.66 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share |  | 123.7 |  |  | 123.0 |
Dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Operating revenue |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below) |  | 1,455.3 |  |  | 1,256.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 981.4 |  |  | 955.9 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 348.2 |  |  | 289.5 |
Total operating expenses |  | 2,784.9 |  |  | 2,501.9 |
Operating income |  | 885.8 |  |  | 507.2 |
Interest expense |  | (107.1) |  |  | (104.7) |
Other income, net |  | 32.3 |  |  | 188.3 |
Consolidated income before income taxes |  | 811.0 |  |  | 590.8 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (185.5) |  |  | (142.2) |
Consolidated net income |  | 625.5 |  |  | 448.6 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests including redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | (3.4) |  |  | (2.9) |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 622.1 |  |  | $ | 445.7 |
Basic earnings per common share: |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 5.11 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic earnings per share |  | 121.8 |  |  | 121.4 |
Diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 5.04 |  |  | $ | 3.63 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share |  | 123.5 |  |  | 122.7 |
Dividends per common share |  | $ | 1.17 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | Equifax Shareholders |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  |  | Total |  | Equifax Shareholders |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
|  | (In millions)
Net income |  | $ | 205.4 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 206.6 |  |  | $ | 228.5 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 229.3 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (100.1) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |  | (101.3) |  |  | 49.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 49.6 |
Change in unrecognized prior service cost related to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.6) |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 106.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.5 |  |  | $ | 277.3 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 278.3 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | Equifax Shareholders |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  |  | Total |  | Equifax Shareholders |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
|  | (In millions)
Net income |  | $ | 622.1 |  |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 625.5 |  |  | $ | 445.7 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 448.6 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (84.9) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  | (85.6) |  |  | (8.2) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (9.7) |
Change in unrecognized prior service cost related to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.7) |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 537.8 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 540.5 |  |  | $ | 435.8 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 437.2 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(In millions, except par values) |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,025.5 |  |  | $ | 1,684.6 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $11.3 and $12.9 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  | 694.6 |  |  | 630.6 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 120.5 |  |  | 104.1 |
Other current assets |  | 49.7 |  |  | 59.0 |
Total current assets |  | 2,890.3 |  |  | 2,478.3 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |  |
Capitalized internal-use software and system costs |  | 1,624.2 |  |  | 1,374.5 |
Data processing equipment and furniture |  | 301.8 |  |  | 299.9 |
Land, buildings and improvements |  | 245.4 |  |  | 239.1 |
Total property and equipment |  | 2,171.4 |  |  | 1,913.5 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |  | (918.5) |  |  | (774.1) |
Total property and equipment, net |  | 1,252.9 |  |  | 1,139.4 |
Goodwill |  | 5,169.2 |  |  | 4,495.8 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets |  | 95.0 |  |  | 94.9 |
Purchased intangible assets, net |  | 1,271.6 |  |  | 997.8 |
Other assets, net |  | 404.3 |  |  | 405.6 |
Total assets |  | $ | 11,083.3 |  |  | $ | 9,611.8 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt |  | $ | 500.6 |  |  | $ | 1,101.1 |
Accounts payable |  | 192.5 |  |  | 159.1 |
Accrued expenses |  | 213.9 |  |  | 251.8 |
Accrued salaries and bonuses |  | 222.1 |  |  | 250.3 |
Deferred revenue |  | 108.1 |  |  | 108.3 |
Other current liabilities |  | 649.7 |  |  | 612.5 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,886.9 |  |  | 2,483.1 |
Long-term debt |  | 4,969.4 |  |  | 3,277.3 |
Deferred income tax liabilities, net |  | 372.6 |  |  | 332.3 |
Long-term pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities |  | 114.3 |  |  | 130.7 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 185.0 |  |  | 178.1 |
Total liabilities |  | 7,528.2 |  |  | 6,401.5 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 6) |  |  |  |
Equifax shareholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares - 10.0; Issued shares - none |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $1.25 par value: Authorized shares - 300.0; Issued shares - 189.3 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; Outstanding shares - 122.0 and 121.8 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  | 236.6 |  |  | 236.6 |
Paid-in capital |  | 1,517.6 |  |  | 1,470.7 |
Retained earnings |  | 4,677.4 |  |  | 4,185.4 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (255.7) |  |  | (171.4) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 66.7 shares and 66.9 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  | (2,630.8) |  |  | (2,547.0) |
Stock held by employee benefit trusts, at cost, 0.6 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  | (5.9) |  |  | (5.9) |
Total Equifax shareholders’ equity |  | 3,539.2 |  |  | 3,168.4 |
Noncontrolling interests including redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 15.9 |  |  | 41.9 |
Total equity |  | 3,555.1 |  |  | 3,210.3 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 11,083.3 |  |  | $ | 9,611.8 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | (In millions)
Operating activities: |  |  |  |
Consolidated net income |  | $ | 625.5 |  |  | $ | 448.6 |
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 354.9 |  |  | 295.2 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 44.8 |  |  | 43.9 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 12.6 |  |  | 82.2 |
Loss (gain) on fair market value adjustment of equity investments |  | 0.1 |  |  | (162.8) |
Gain on divestiture |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | (54.9) |  |  | (76.1) |
Other assets, current and long-term |  | 5.1 |  |  | 29.6 |
Current and long term liabilities, excluding debt |  | (38.4) |  |  | (11.6) |
Cash provided by operating activities |  | 949.5 |  |  | 649.0 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (332.9) |  |  | (309.5) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  | (1,108.9) |  |  | (61.4) |
Cash received from divestiture |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates, net |  | — |  |  | (10.0) |
Cash used in investing activities |  | (1,440.3) |  |  | (380.9) |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |
Net short-term borrowings |  | 499.2 |  |  | 0.3 |
Payments on long-term debt |  | (1,100.2) |  |  | (125.0) |
Borrowings on long-term debt |  | 1,697.3 |  |  | 1,123.3 |
Treasury stock purchases |  | (69.9) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid to Equifax shareholders |  | (142.6) |  |  | (142.1) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | (6.5) |  |  | (2.6) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  | 33.4 |  |  | 29.9 |
Payment of taxes related to settlement of equity awards |  | (43.9) |  |  | — |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests |  | (11.2) |  |  | (9.0) |
Debt issuance costs |  | (13.2) |  |  | (9.8) |
Other |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
Cash provided by financing activities |  | 842.4 |  |  | 865.3 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |  | (10.7) |  |  | 0.9 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 340.9 |  |  | 1,134.3 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 1,684.6 |  |  | 401.3 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 2,025.5 |  |  | $ | 1,535.6 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

|  | Equifax Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  | Stock Held By Employee Benefits Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity |  |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Balance, June 30, 2021 |  | 121.8 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,506.8 |  |  | $ | 4,505.7 |  |  | $ | (156.8) |  |  | $ | (2,625.9) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 38.1 |  |  | $ | 3,498.6 |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 205.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 206.6 |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (98.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (100.1) |  |  |
Shares issued under stock and benefit plans, net of minimum tax withholdings |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.2) |  |  |
Cash dividends ($0.39 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47.8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47.8) |  |  |
Dividends paid to employee benefits trusts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |
Purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.6) |  |  | (7.6) |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14.0) |  |  | — |  |  |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  | 122.0 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,517.6 |  |  | $ | 4,677.4 |  |  | $ | (255.7) |  |  | $ | (2,630.8) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 3,555.1 |  |  |

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

|  | Equifax Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  | Stock Held By Employee Benefits Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity |  |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Balance, June 30, 2020 |  | 121.5 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,447.8 |  |  | $ | 3,979.5 |  |  | $ | (413.2) |  |  | $ | (2,550.7) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 40.2 |  |  | $ | 2,734.3 |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 229.3 |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  |
Shares issued under stock and benefit plans, net of minimum tax withholdings |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |
Cash dividends ($0.39 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47.6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47.6) |  |  |
Dividends paid to employee benefits trusts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.2 |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  |
Purchases of noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | (9.0) |  |  |
Balance, September 30, 2020 |  | 121.6 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,454.1 |  |  | $ | 4,158.9 |  |  | $ | (364.4) |  |  | $ | (2,550.4) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 37.8 |  |  | $ | 2,966.7 |  |  |

9

EQUIFAX INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

|  | Equifax Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  | Stock Held By Employee Benefits Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity |  |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  | 121.8 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,470.7 |  |  | $ | 4,185.4 |  |  | $ | (171.4) |  |  | $ | (2,547.0) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 41.9 |  |  | $ | 3,210.3 |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 622.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 625.5 |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (84.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (85.0) |  |  |
Shares issued under stock and benefit plans, net of minimum tax withholdings |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10.5) |  |  |
Treasury stock purchased under share repurchase program* |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69.9) |  |  |
Cash dividends ($1.17 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (143.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (143.3) |  |  |
Dividends paid to employee benefits trusts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44.8 |  |  |
Purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.6) |  |  | (7.6) |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13.2) |  |  | — |  |  |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.5) |  |  | (6.5) |  |  |
Purchases of noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | (3.6) |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  | 122.0 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,517.6 |  |  | $ | 4,677.4 |  |  | $ | (255.7) |  |  | $ | (2,630.8) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 3,555.1 |  |  |

*At September 30, 2021, $520.2 million was available for future purchases of common stock under our share repurchase authorization.
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

|  | Equifax Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  | Stock Held By Employee Benefits Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity |  |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | 121.2 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,405.1 |  |  | $ | 3,854.6 |  |  | $ | (354.4) |  |  | $ | (2,557.4) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 2,622.9 |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 445.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 448.6 |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (11.5) |  |  |
Shares issued under stock and benefit plans, net of minimum tax withholdings |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16.5 |  |  |
Cash dividends ($1.17 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (142.8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (142.8) |  |  |
Dividends paid to employee benefits trusts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43.9 |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | — |  |  |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (2.6) |  |  |
Purchases of noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | (9.0) |  |  |
Cumulative adjustment from change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |
Balance, September 30, 2020 |  | 121.6 |  |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 1,454.1 |  |  | $ | 4,158.9 |  |  | $ | (364.4) |  |  | $ | (2,550.4) |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 37.8 |  |  | $ | 2,966.7 |  |  |

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss consists of the following components:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | (In millions)
Foreign currency translation |  | $ | (253.3) |  |  | $ | (168.4) |
Unrecognized prior service cost related to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net of accumulated tax of $0.3 and $0.5 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  | (1.4) |  |  | (2.0) |
Cash flow hedging transactions, net of accumulated tax of $0.6 and $0.7 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  | (1.0) |  |  | (1.0) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (255.7) |  |  | $ | (171.4) |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
11

EQUIFAX INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2021
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
As used herein, the terms Equifax, the Company, we, our and us refer to Equifax Inc., a Georgia corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where it is clear that the terms mean only Equifax Inc.
Nature of Operations. We collect, analyze and manage various types of financial, demographic, employment and marketing information. Our products and services enable businesses to make credit and service decisions, manage their portfolio risk, automate or outsource certain payroll-related, tax and human resources business processes, and develop marketing strategies concerning consumers and commercial enterprises. We serve customers across a wide range of industries, including the financial services, mortgage, retail, telecommunications, utilities, automotive, brokerage, healthcare and insurance industries, as well as government agencies. We also enable consumers to manage and protect their financial health through a portfolio of products offered directly to consumers. As of September 30, 2021, we operated in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, or U.K., Uruguay and the United States of America, or U.S. We also offer Equifax branded credit services in Russia through a joint venture, have investments in consumer and/or commercial credit information companies through joint ventures in Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore and have an investment in a consumer and commercial credit information company in Brazil.
We develop, maintain and enhance secured proprietary information databases through the compilation of consumer specific data, including credit, income, employment, asset, liquidity, net worth and spending activity, and business data, including credit and business demographics, that we obtain from a variety of sources, such as credit granting institutions, and income and tax information primarily from large to mid-sized companies in the U.S. We process this information utilizing our proprietary information management systems. We also provide information, technology and services to support debt collections and recovery management.
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, the instructions to Form 10-Q and applicable sections of SEC Regulation S-X. This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”).
Our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented and are of a normal recurring nature.
Earnings Per Share. Our basic earnings per share, or EPS, is calculated as net income attributable to Equifax divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that would occur if stock options, restricted stock units, or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in additional common shares outstanding. The net income amounts used in both our basic and diluted EPS calculations are the same. A reconciliation of the weighted-average outstanding shares used in the two calculations is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | (In millions)
Weighted-average shares outstanding (basic) |  | 121.9 |  |  | 121.5 |  |  | 121.8 |  |  | 121.4 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.3 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding (diluted) |  | 123.7 |  |  | 123.0 |  |  | 123.5 |  |  | 122.7 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and for the three months ended September 30, 2020, stock options that were anti-dilutive were not material. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock options that were anti-dilutive were 0.6 million.
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Financial Instruments. Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of these items, other than long-term debt, approximate their fair market values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt is determined using Level 2 inputs such as quoted market prices for similar publicly traded instruments and for non-publicly traded instruments through valuation techniques involving observable inputs based on the specific characteristics of the debt instrument. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of our long-term debt, including the current portion, was $5.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, compared to its carrying value of $5.0 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements. Fair value is determined based on the assumptions marketplace participants use in pricing the asset or liability. We use a three level fair value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in valuation techniques between observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets, inputs other than quoted prices with observable market data and unobservable data (e.g., a company’s own data).
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis. We completed several acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020. The values of net assets acquired and the resulting goodwill were recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The majority of the related current assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their carrying values as of the date of acquisition, as their carrying values approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair values of goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets acquired in these acquisitions were internally or externally estimated primarily based on the income approach. The income approach estimates fair value based on the present value of the cash flows that the assets are expected to generate in the future. We developed internal estimates for the expected cash flows and discount rates used in the present value calculations.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Accounts receivable are stated at cost. Significant payment terms for customers are identified in the contract. We do not recognize interest income on our trade accounts receivable. Additionally, we generally do not require collateral from our customers related to our trade accounts receivable.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management's estimate for expected credit losses for outstanding trade accounts receivables. We determine expected credit losses based on historical write-off experience, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivables, customer payment patterns and the establishment of specific reserves for customers in an adverse financial condition. We also consider expected changes in macroeconomic conditions that may impact the collectability of outstanding receivables in determining expected credit losses. We reassess the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts each reporting period. Increases to the allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded as bad debt expense, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Below is a rollforward of our allowance for doubtful accounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (In millions)
Allowance for doubtful accounts, beginning of period | $ | 11.2 |  |  | $ | 16.9 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 11.2 |
Current period bad debt expense | 1.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 7.1 |
Write-offs, net of recoveries | (1.1) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | (2.5) |
Allowance for doubtful accounts, end of period | $ | 11.3 |  |  | $ | 15.8 |  |  | $ | 11.3 |  |  | $ | 15.8 |

Other Current Assets. Other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets include amounts receivable from tax authorities. Other current assets also include amounts in specifically designated accounts that hold the funds that are due to customers from our debt collection and recovery management services. As of September 30, 2021, these assets were approximately $18.9 million, with a corresponding balance in other current liabilities. These amounts are restricted as to their current use, and will be released according to the specific customer agreements.
Other Assets. Other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets primarily represent our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets, employee benefit trust assets, long-term deferred tax assets and assets related to life insurance policies covering certain officers of the Company.
Equity Investment. We record our equity investment in Brazil within Other Assets at fair value, using observable Level 1 inputs. The carrying value of the investment has been adjusted to $124.9 million as of September 30, 2021 based on quoted market prices, resulting in an unrealized gain of $17.3 million and unrealized loss of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The carrying value of the investment was $133.8 million as of September 30, 2020,
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resulting in an unrealized gain of $129.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. All unrealized gains or losses on the investment are recorded in Other income, net within the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other Current Liabilities. Other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the current portion of operating lease liabilities and various accrued liabilities such as costs related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident as described more fully in Note 6. Other current liabilities also include corresponding amounts of other current assets related to amounts in specifically designated accounts that hold the funds that are due to customers from our debt collection and recovery management services. As of September 30, 2021, these funds were approximately $18.9 million. These amounts are restricted as to their current use and will be released according to the specific customer agreements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” The update provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) contract modifications on financial reporting, caused by reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We are still evaluating the impact, but do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. REVENUE
Revenue Recognition. Based on the information that management reviews internally for evaluating operating segment performance and nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows affected by economic factors, we disaggregate revenue as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Operating Revenue |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Verification Services |  | $ | 402.7 |  |  | $ | 301.1 |  |  | $ | 101.6 |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 1,182.3 |  |  | $ | 773.2 |  |  | $ | 409.1 |  |  | 53 | %
Employer Services |  | 105.3 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 39 | % |  | 302.2 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | 17 | %
Total Workforce Solutions |  | 508.0 |  |  | 376.8 |  |  | 131.2 |  |  | 35 | % |  | 1,484.5 |  |  | 1,031.4 |  |  | 453.1 |  |  | 44 | %
Online Information Solutions |  | 286.3 |  |  | 284.7 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 886.2 |  |  | 800.3 |  |  | 85.9 |  |  | 11 | %
Mortgage Solutions |  | 46.2 |  |  | 55.4 |  |  | (9.2) |  |  | (17) | % |  | 149.7 |  |  | 149.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — | %
Financial Marketing Services |  | 55.3 |  |  | 46.2 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 167.1 |  |  | 145.4 |  |  | 21.7 |  |  | 15 | %
Total U.S. Information Solutions |  | 387.8 |  |  | 386.3 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — | % |  | 1,203.0 |  |  | 1,095.1 |  |  | 107.9 |  |  | 10 | %
Asia Pacific |  | 88.7 |  |  | 80.2 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 267.0 |  |  | 215.1 |  |  | 51.9 |  |  | 24 | %
Europe |  | 67.7 |  |  | 58.7 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 204.8 |  |  | 173.2 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 18 | %
Latin America |  | 44.6 |  |  | 40.4 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 130.3 |  |  | 117.8 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 11 | %
Canada |  | 44.4 |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 135.6 |  |  | 108.5 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | 25 | %
Total International |  | 245.4 |  |  | 218.0 |  |  | 27.4 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 737.7 |  |  | 614.6 |  |  | 123.1 |  |  | 20 | %
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 81.7 |  |  | 87.2 |  |  | (5.5) |  |  | (6) | % |  | 245.5 |  |  | 268.0 |  |  | (22.5) |  |  | (8) | %
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |  |  | $ | 154.6 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |  |  | $ | 661.6 |  |  | 22 | %

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Remaining Performance Obligation – We have elected to disclose only the remaining performance obligations for those contracts with an expected duration of greater than one year and do not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts in which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice. We expect to recognize as revenue the following amounts related to our remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2021, inclusive of foreign exchange impact:

Performance Obligation |  | Amount
|  | (In millions)
Less than 1 year |  | $ | 31.1 |
1 to 3 years |  | 32.1 |
3 to 5 years |  | 20.7 |
Thereafter |  | 36.2 |
Total remaining performance obligation |  | $ | 120.1 |

3. ACQUISITIONS AND INVESTMENTS
2021 Acquisitions and Investments. On February 10, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of Kount, a provider of fraud prevention and digital identity solutions for $640 million within the U.S. Information Solutions (“USIS”) business unit. Additionally in the first quarter of 2021, the Company acquired 100% of HIREtech and i2Verify within the Workforce Solutions business unit as well as a small acquisition and purchase of the remaining noncontrolling interest of a business within our International business unit. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company acquired 100% of Health e(fx) and Teletrack within the Workforce Solutions and USIS business units, respectively, as well as the purchase of the remaining noncontrolling interest of a business within our International business unit. All of these acquisitions expand the Company's data assets as well as product offerings. The purchase price allocations for these acquisitions are not yet finalized and open areas consist of income taxes and working capital for all acquisitions and purchased intangibles for third quarter acquisitions. Accordingly, adjustments may be made to the values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed at the valuation date.
Additionally, the Company acquired 100% of Appriss Insights on October 1, 2021, for cash consideration of approximately $1.825 billion. Appriss Insights is a source of risk and criminal justice intelligence information and will be reported within the Workforce Solutions business unit. The Company will account for this acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed to be measured at fair value at the date of the acquisition. The accounting for the acquisition is incomplete as of the date of this filing.
2020 Acquisitions and Investments. In February 2020, we acquired the remaining 40.6% interest in our India joint venture.
4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill. Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We perform our annual goodwill impairment tests as of September 30.
Our annual goodwill impairment testing was completed during the third quarter of 2021. The estimated fair value for all reporting units exceeded the carrying value for those units as of September 30, 2021. As a result, no goodwill impairment was recorded.
15

Changes in the amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, are as follows:

|  | Workforce Solutions |  | U.S. Information Solutions |  | International |  | Global Consumer Solutions |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,010.7 |  |  | $ | 1,286.7 |  |  | $ | 2,007.9 |  |  | $ | 190.5 |  |  | $ | 4,495.8 |
Acquisitions |  | 223.8 |  |  | 487.2 |  |  | 18.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 729.4 |
Adjustments to initial purchase price allocation |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56.9) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | (55.4) |
Divestitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 1,234.5 |  |  | $ | 1,774.6 |  |  | $ | 1,968.1 |  |  | $ | 192.0 |  |  | $ | 5,169.2 |

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of indefinite-lived reacquired rights representing the value of rights which we had granted to various affiliate credit reporting agencies that were reacquired in the U.S. and Canada. At the time we acquired these agreements, they were considered perpetual in nature under the accounting guidance in place at that time and, therefore, the useful lives are considered indefinite. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized. We are required to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment of the asset value. We perform our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test as of September 30. The estimated fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying value as of September 30, 2021. As a result, no impairment was recorded. Our indefinite-lived intangible asset carrying amounts did not change materially during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Purchased Intangible Assets. Purchased intangible assets represent the estimated acquisition date fair value of acquired intangible assets used in our business. Purchased data files represent the estimated acquisition date fair value of consumer information files acquired primarily through the purchase of independent credit reporting agencies in the U.S., Canada and Australia. We expense the cost of modifying and updating credit files in the period such costs are incurred. We amortize all of our purchased intangible assets on a straight-line basis. For additional information about the useful lives related to our purchased intangible assets, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Purchased intangible assets at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Definite-lived intangible assets: |  | (In millions)
Purchased data files |  | $ | 1,107.4 |  |  | $ | (449.4) |  |  | $ | 658.0 |  |  | $ | 913.7 |  |  | $ | (399.2) |  |  | $ | 514.5 |
Customer relationships |  | 788.5 |  |  | (348.9) |  |  | 439.6 |  |  | 680.1 |  |  | (331.4) |  |  | 348.7 |
Proprietary database |  | 190.1 |  |  | (44.8) |  |  | 145.3 |  |  | 148.6 |  |  | (30.7) |  |  | 117.9 |
Acquired software and technology |  | 26.5 |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | 12.7 |  |  | 115.3 |  |  | (106.6) |  |  | 8.7 |
Trade names and other intangible assets |  | 20.4 |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | (9.4) |  |  | 5.0 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 11.1 |  |  | (3.2) |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | 3.0 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  | $ | 2,144.0 |  |  | $ | (872.4) |  |  | $ | 1,271.6 |  |  | $ | 1,878.6 |  |  | $ | (880.8) |  |  | $ | 997.8 |

Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets was $40.1 million and $36.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets was $119.6 million and $105.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Estimated future amortization expense related to definite-lived purchased intangible assets at September 30, 2021 is as follows:

Years ending December 31, |  | Amount
|  | (In millions)
2021 |  | $ | 41.6 |
2022 |  | 164.7 |
2023 |  | 158.0 |
2024 |  | 149.0 |
2025 |  | 145.5 |
Thereafter |  | 612.8 |
|  | $ | 1,271.6 |

5. DEBT
Debt outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was as follows:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | (In millions)
Commercial paper |  | $ | 500.0 |  |  | $ | — |
Notes, 2.3%, due June 2021 |  | — |  |  | 500.0 |
Notes, 3.6%, due August 2021 |  | — |  |  | 300.0 |
Notes, Floating Rate, due August 2021 |  | — |  |  | 300.0 |
Notes, 3.3%, due December 2022 |  | 500.0 |  |  | 500.0 |
Notes, 3.95%, due June 2023 |  | 400.0 |  |  | 400.0 |
Notes, 2.6%, due December 2024 |  | 750.0 |  |  | 750.0 |
Notes, 2.6%, due December 2025 |  | 400.0 |  |  | 400.0 |
Notes, 3.25%, due June 2026 |  | 275.0 |  |  | 275.0 |
Term loan, due August 2026 |  | 700.0 |  |  | — |
Debentures, 6.9%, due July 2028 |  | 125.0 |  |  | 125.0 |
Notes, 3.1%, due May 2030 |  | 600.0 |  |  | 600.0 |
Notes, 2.35%, due September 2031 |  | 1,000.0 |  |  | — |
Notes, 7.0%, due July 2037 |  | 250.0 |  |  | 250.0 |
Other |  | 1.1 |  |  | 2.2 |
Total debt |  | 5,501.1 |  |  | 4,402.2 |
Less short-term debt and current maturities |  | (500.6) |  |  | (1,101.1) |
Less unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs |  | (31.1) |  |  | (23.8) |
Total long-term debt, net |  | $ | 4,969.4 |  |  | $ | 3,277.3 |

2.35% Senior Notes. On August 11, 2021, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.35% ten-year Senior Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes”) in an underwritten public offering. Interest on the 2031 Notes accrues at a rate of 2.35% per year and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on March 15, 2022. The net proceeds of the sale of the 2031 Notes were used to repay the $300.0 million 3.6% Senior Notes due 2021 and $300.0 million Floating Rate Notes due 2021. The remaining proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment of borrowings under the our commercial paper program or the funding of acquisitions, including the Company’s $1.825 billion acquisition of Appriss Insights. We must comply with various non-financial covenants, including certain limitations on mortgages, liens and sale-leaseback transactions, as well as mergers and sales of substantially all of our assets. The 2031 Notes are unsecured and rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.
2.6% and 3.1% Senior Notes. On April 22, 2020, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.6% five-year Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.1% ten-year Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) in an underwritten public offering. Interest on the 2025 Notes accrues at a rate of 2.6% per year
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and is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. Interest on the 2030 Notes accrues at a rate of 3.1% per year and is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The net proceeds of the sale of the notes were used to repay borrowings under a $225.0 million receivables funding facility (“Receivables Facility”) that was terminated in November 2020, while the remaining funds were used for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment of a portion of the 2021 debt maturities. We must comply with various non-financial covenants, including certain limitations on mortgages, liens and sale-leaseback transactions, as well as mergers and sales of substantially all of our assets. The 2025 Notes and 2030 Notes are unsecured and rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.
Senior Credit Facilities. In August 2021, the Company refinanced the existing unsecured revolving credit facility of $1.1 billion set to expire September 2023, and entered into a new $1.5 billion five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) and a new $700.0 million delayed draw term loan (“Term Loan”), collectively known as the “Senior Credit Facilities,” both which mature in August 2026. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities may be used for working capital, for capital expenditures, to refinance existing debt, to finance acquisitions, including the acquisition of Appriss Insights, and for other general corporate purposes. The Revolver includes an option to request a maximum of three one-year extensions of the maturity date, any time after the first anniversary of the closing date of the Revolver. Availability of the Revolver is reduced by the outstanding principal balance of our commercial paper notes and by any letters of credit issued under the Revolver. As of September 30, 2021, there were $500.0 million of outstanding commercial paper notes, $0.7 million of letters of credit outstanding, no outstanding borrowings under the Revolver and $700 million outstanding under the Term Loan. Availability under the Revolver was $1.0 billion at September 30, 2021.
Commercial Paper Program. In the third quarter of 2021, we increased the size of our commercial paper program from $1.1 billion to $1.5 billion, consistent with the increase in our Revolver. The $1.5 billion commercial paper program has been established through the private placement of commercial paper notes from time-to-time, in which borrowings may bear interest at either a floating rate or a fixed rate, plus the applicable margin. Maturities of commercial paper can range from overnight to 397 days. Because the commercial paper is backstopped by our Revolver, the amount of commercial paper which may be issued under the program is reduced by the outstanding face amount of any letters of credit issued and by the outstanding borrowings under our Revolver. At September 30, 2021, there were $500.0 million of outstanding commercial paper notes.
For additional information about our debt agreements, see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation, Claims and Government Investigations Related to the 2017 Cybersecurity Incident. In 2017, we experienced a cybersecurity incident following a criminal attack on our systems that involved the theft of certain personally identifiable information of U.S., Canadian and U.K. consumers. Following the 2017 cybersecurity incident, hundreds of class actions and other lawsuits were filed against us typically alleging harm from the incident and seeking various remedies, including monetary and injunctive relief. We were also subject to investigations and inquiries by federal, state and foreign governmental agencies and officials regarding the 2017 cybersecurity incident and related matters. Most of these lawsuits and government investigations have concluded or been resolved, including pursuant to the settlement agreements described below, while others remain ongoing. The Company’s participation in these settlements does not constitute an admission by the Company of any fault or liability, and the Company does not admit fault or liability.
We believe it is probable that we will incur losses associated with certain of the proceedings and investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident. In 2019, we recorded expenses, net of insurance recoveries, of $800.9 million in other current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, exclusive of our legal and professional services expenses. The amount accrued represents our best estimate of the liability related to these matters. The Company will continue to evaluate information as it becomes known and adjust accruals for new information and further developments in accordance with ASC 450-20-25. While it is reasonably possible that losses exceeding the amount accrued may be incurred, it is not possible at this time to estimate the additional possible loss in excess of the amount already accrued that might result from adverse judgments, settlements, penalties or other resolution of the proceedings and investigations described below based on a number of factors, such as the various stages of these proceedings and investigations, including matters on appeal, that alleged damages have not been specified or are uncertain, the uncertainty as to the certification of a class or classes and the size of any certified class, as applicable, and the lack of resolution on significant factual and legal issues. The ultimate amount paid on these actions, claims and investigations in excess of the amount already accrued could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows in future periods.
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Consumer Settlement. On July 19, 2019 and July 22, 2019, we entered into multiple agreements that resolve the U.S. consolidated consumer class action cases, captioned In re: Equifax, Inc. Customer Data Security Breach Litigation, MDL No. 2800 (the “U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation”), and the investigations of the FTC, the CFPB, the Attorneys General of 48 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and the NYDFS (collectively, the “Consumer Settlement”). Under the terms of the Consumer Settlement, the Company will contribute $380.5 million to a non-reversionary settlement fund (the “Consumer Restitution Fund”) to provide restitution for U.S. consumers identified by the Company whose personal information was compromised as a result of the 2017 cybersecurity incident as well as to pay reasonable attorneys’ fees and reasonable costs and expenses for the plaintiffs’ counsel in the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation (not to exceed $80.5 million), settlement administration costs and notice costs. The Company has agreed to contribute up to an additional $125.0 million to the Consumer Restitution Fund to cover certain unreimbursed costs and expenditures incurred by affected U.S. consumers in the event the $380.5 million in the Consumer Restitution Fund is exhausted. The Company also agreed to various business practice commitments related to consumer assistance and its information security program, including conducting third party assessments of its information security program.
On January 13, 2020, the Northern District of Georgia, the U.S. District Court overseeing centralized pre-trial proceedings for the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation and numerous other federal court actions relating to the 2017 cybersecurity incident (the “MDL Court”), entered an order granting final approval of the settlement in connection with the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation. The MDL Court entered an amended order granting final approval of the settlement (the “Final Approval Order”) on March 17, 2020. Several objectors appealed the Final Approval Order to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the “Eleventh Circuit”). On June 3, 2021, the Eleventh Circuit issued an order reversing the MDL Court’s grant of incentive awards to class representatives, but affirming all other aspects of the Final Approval Order. Several objectors filed petitions with the Eleventh Circuit seeking a rehearing, and on July 29, 2021, the Eleventh Circuit denied those petitions. On August 12, 2021, the MDL Court made the Eleventh Circuit’s mandate the judgment of the MDL Court. Since that time, one objector has filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. The deadline for any other objectors to file such petitions is October 27, 2021. Until all such petitions to the U.S. Supreme Court are finally adjudicated or dismissed, we can provide no assurance that the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation will be resolved as contemplated by the settlement agreement. If the Eleventh Circuit’s June 3, 2021 order affirming approval of the settlement (except with respect to incentive awards, as discussed above) is reviewed and reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court, there is a risk that we would not be able to settle the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation on acceptable terms or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Other Matters. We face other lawsuits and government investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident that have not yet been concluded or resolved. These ongoing matters may result in judgments, fines or penalties, settlements or other relief. We dispute the allegations in the remaining lawsuits and intend to defend against such claims. Set forth below are descriptions of the main categories of these matters.
Georgia State Court Consumer Class Actions. Four putative class actions arising from the 2017 cybersecurity incident were filed against us in Fulton County Superior Court and Fulton County State Court in Georgia based on similar allegations and theories as alleged in the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation and seek monetary damages, injunctive relief and other related relief on behalf of Georgia citizens. These cases were transferred to a single judge in the Fulton County Business Court and three of the cases were consolidated into a single action. On July 27, 2018, the Fulton County Business Court granted the Company’s motion to stay the remaining single case, and on August 17, 2018, the Fulton County Business Court granted the Company’s motion to stay the consolidated case. These cases remain stayed pending final resolution of the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation.
Canadian Class Actions. Five putative Canadian class actions, four of which are on behalf of a national class of approximately 19,000 Canadian consumers, are pending against us in Ontario, British Columbia and Alberta. Each of the proposed Canadian class actions asserts a number of common law and statutory claims seeking monetary damages and other related relief in connection with the 2017 cybersecurity incident. In addition to seeking class certification on behalf of Canadian consumers whose personal information was allegedly impacted by the 2017 cybersecurity incident, in some cases, plaintiffs also seek class certification on behalf of a larger group of Canadian consumers who had contracts for subscription products with Equifax around the time of the incident or earlier and were not impacted by the incident.
On December 13, 2019, the court in Ontario granted certification of a nationwide class that includes all impacted Canadians as well as Canadians who had subscription products with Equifax between March 7, 2017 and July 30, 2017 who were not impacted by the incident. We appealed one of the claims on which a class was certified and on June 9, 2021, our appeal was granted by the Ontario Divisional Court. The plaintiff has since filed a notice of further appeal. All remaining purported class actions are at preliminary stages or stayed.
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Government Investigations. We have cooperated with federal, state and foreign governmental agencies and officials investigating or otherwise seeking information, testimony and/or documents, regarding the 2017 cybersecurity incident and related matters and most of these investigations have been resolved as discussed in prior filings.
The U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) opened an enforcement investigation against our U.K. subsidiary, Equifax Limited, in October 2017. The investigation by the FCA has involved a number of information requirements and interviews. We continue to respond to the information requirements and are cooperating with the investigation.
Although we continue to cooperate in the above investigations and inquiries, an adverse outcome to any such investigations and inquiries could subject us to fines or other obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Data Processing, Outsourcing Services and Other Agreements
We have separate agreements with Google, Amazon Web Services, IBM, Tata Consultancy Services and others to outsource portions of our network and security infrastructure, computer data processing operations, applications development, business continuity and recovery services, help desk service and desktop support functions, operation of our voice and data networks, maintenance and related functions and to provide certain other administrative and operational services. Annual payment obligations in regard to these agreements vary due to factors such as the volume of data processed; changes in our servicing needs as a result of new product offerings, acquisitions or divestitures; the introduction of significant new technologies; foreign currency; or the general rate of inflation. In certain circumstances (e.g., a change in control or for our convenience), we may terminate these data processing and outsourcing agreements, and, in doing so, certain of these agreements require us to pay significant termination fees.
Guarantees and General Indemnifications
We may issue standby letters of credit and performance and surety bonds in the normal course of business. The aggregate notional amounts of all performance and surety bonds and standby letters of credit was not material at September 30, 2021 and generally have a remaining maturity of one year or less. We may issue other guarantees in the ordinary course of business. The maximum potential future payments we could be required to make under the guarantees in the ordinary course of business was not material at September 30, 2021. We have agreed to guarantee the liabilities and performance obligations (some of which have limitations) of a certain debt collections and recovery management variable interest entity under its commercial agreements.
We have agreed to standard indemnification clauses in many of our lease agreements for office space, covering such things as tort, environmental and other liabilities that arise out of or relate to our use or occupancy of the leased premises. Certain of our credit agreements include provisions which require us to make payments to preserve an expected economic return to the lenders if that economic return is diminished due to certain changes in law or regulations. In conjunction with certain transactions, such as sales or purchases of operating assets or services in the ordinary course of business, or the disposition of certain assets or businesses, we sometimes provide routine indemnifications, the terms of which range in duration and sometimes are not limited. Additionally, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers to indemnify such individuals to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against liabilities that arise by reason of their status as directors or officers. The Company maintains directors and officers liability insurance coverage to reduce its exposure to such obligations.
We cannot reasonably estimate our potential future payments under the guarantees and indemnities and related provisions described above because we cannot predict when and under what circumstances these provisions may be triggered.
Contingencies
In addition to the matters set forth above, we are involved in legal and regulatory matters, government investigations, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We periodically assess our exposure related to these matters based on the information that is available. We have recorded accruals in our Consolidated Financial Statements for those matters in which it is probable that we have incurred a loss and the amount of the loss, or range of loss, can be reasonably estimated.
For additional information about these and other commitments and contingencies, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
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7. INCOME TAXES
We are subject to U.S. federal, state and international income taxes. We are generally no longer subject to federal, state, or international income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2017 with a few exceptions. Due to the potential for resolution of state and foreign examinations, and the expiration of various statutes of limitations, it is reasonably possible that our gross unrecognized tax benefit balance may change within the next twelve months by a range of $0 to $6.7 million.
Effective Tax Rate
Our effective income tax rate was 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 25.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Our effective income tax rate was 22.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 24.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our effective tax rate was lower for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 as compared to 2020 due to a lower foreign income tax rate differential in 2021 due to the changes in fair value of our investment in Brazil.
In the first quarter of 2020, the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the Company to reassess the need for valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. As a result of this analysis, the Company determined it was necessary to place valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of certain subsidiaries. The total amount of the valuation allowances recorded in the first quarter of 2020 was approximately $7.0 million.
8. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, after tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, are as follows:

|  | Foreign currency |  | Pension and other postretirement benefit plans |  | Cash flow hedging transactions |  | Total
|  | (In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  | $ | (168.4) |  |  | $ | (2.0) |  |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  | $ | (171.4) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  | (84.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (84.9) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.6 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (84.9) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | (84.3) |
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  | $ | (253.3) |  |  | $ | (1.4) |  |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  | $ | (255.7) |

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to noncontrolling interests were not material as of September 30, 2021.
9. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
In the fourth quarter of 2020, we recorded $31.9 million ($24.3 million, net of tax) of restructuring charges, all of which were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses within our Consolidated Statements of Income. These charges were recorded to general corporate expense and resulted from our continuing efforts to realign our internal resources to support the Company’s strategic objectives and primarily relate to a reduction in headcount. To date, we have paid $25.5 million of the 2020 restructuring costs with $4.3 million and $21.5 million of it paid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The remaining future payments are expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2021.
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Reportable Segments. We manage our business and report our financial results through the following four reportable segments, which are the same as our operating segments:
–Workforce Solutions
–U.S. Information Solutions (“USIS”)
–International
–Global Consumer Solutions (“GCS”)
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The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in our summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K. We evaluate the performance of these reportable segments based on their operating revenues, operating income and operating margins, excluding unusual or infrequent items, if any. The measurement criteria for segment profit or loss and segment assets are substantially the same for each reportable segment. Inter-segment sales and transfers are not material for all periods presented. All transactions between segments are accounted for at fair market value or cost depending on the nature of the transaction, and no timing differences occur between segments.
A summary of segment products and services is as follows:
Workforce Solutions. This segment includes employment, income and social security number verification services as well as complementary payroll-based transaction services and employment tax management services.
U.S. Information Solutions. This segment includes consumer and commercial information services (such as credit information and credit scoring, credit modeling services and portfolio analytics (decisioning tools), which are derived from our databases of business credit and financial information, locate services, fraud detection and prevention services, identity verification services and other consulting services); mortgage loan origination services; financial marketing services; and identity management.
International. This segment includes information services products, which includes consumer and commercial services (such as credit and financial information, credit scoring and credit modeling services), credit and other marketing products and services. In Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Canada, we also provide information, technology and services to support debt collections and recovery management.
Global Consumer Solutions. This segment includes credit information, credit monitoring and identity theft protection products sold directly and indirectly to consumers via the internet and in various hard-copy formats in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. We also sell consumer and credit information to resellers who combine our information with other information to provide direct to consumer monitoring, reports and scores.
Operating revenue and operating income by operating segment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In millions) |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
Operating revenue: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Workforce Solutions |  | $ | 508.0 |  |  | $ | 376.8 |  |  | $ | 1,484.5 |  |  | $ | 1,031.4 |
U.S. Information Solutions |  | 387.8 |  |  | 386.3 |  |  | 1,203.0 |  |  | 1,095.1 |
International |  | 245.4 |  |  | 218.0 |  |  | 737.7 |  |  | 614.6 |
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 81.7 |  |  | 87.2 |  |  | 245.5 |  |  | 268.0 |
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |  |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In millions) |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
Operating income: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Workforce Solutions |  | $ | 253.1 |  |  | $ | 193.2 |  |  | $ | 783.0 |  |  | $ | 500.8 |
U.S. Information Solutions |  | 116.7 |  |  | 128.6 |  |  | 382.5 |  |  | 349.3 |
International |  | 27.9 |  |  | 25.4 |  |  | 85.1 |  |  | 34.5 |
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 11.8 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 33.4 |
General Corporate Expense |  | (136.3) |  |  | (155.3) |  |  | (402.5) |  |  | (410.8) |
Total operating income |  | $ | 273.2 |  |  | $ | 204.4 |  |  | $ | 885.8 |  |  | $ | 507.2 |

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Total assets by operating segment at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:

|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total assets: |  |  |  |
Workforce Solutions |  | $ | 2,019.2 |  |  | $ | 1,601.3 |
U.S. Information Solutions |  | 2,912.6 |  |  | 2,177.1 |
International |  | 3,268.8 |  |  | 3,368.3 |
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 328.5 |  |  | 319.1 |
General Corporate |  | 2,554.2 |  |  | 2,146.0 |
Total assets |  | $ | 11,083.3 |  |  | $ | 9,611.8 |

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As used herein, the terms Equifax, the Company, we, our and us refer to Equifax Inc., a Georgia corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where it is clear that the terms mean only Equifax Inc.
All references to earnings per share data in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, or MD&A, are to diluted earnings per share, or EPS, unless otherwise noted. Diluted EPS is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that would occur if stock options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in additional common shares outstanding.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Equifax Inc. is a global data, analytics and technology company. We provide information solutions for businesses, governments and consumers, and we provide human resources business process outsourcing services for employers. We have a large and diversified group of clients, including financial institutions, corporations, government agencies and individuals. Our services are based on comprehensive databases of consumer and business information derived from numerous sources including credit, financial assets, telecommunications and utility payments, employment, income, demographic and marketing data. We use advanced statistical techniques, machine learning and proprietary software tools to analyze available data to create customized insights, decision-making solutions and processing services for our clients. We also provide information, technology and services to support debt collections and recovery management. Additionally, we are a leading provider of payroll-related and human resource management business process outsourcing services in the U.S. For consumers, we provide products and services to help people understand, manage and protect their personal information and make more informed financial decisions.
We currently operate in four global regions: North America (U.S. and Canada), Asia Pacific (Australia, New Zealand and India), Europe (the U.K., Spain and Portugal) and Latin America (Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). We maintain support operations in the Republic of Ireland, Chile, Costa Rica and India. We also offer Equifax branded credit services in Russia through a joint venture, have investments in consumer and/or commercial credit information companies through joint ventures in Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore and have an investment in a consumer and commercial credit information company in Brazil.
Recent Events and Company Outlook
As further described in our 2020 Form 10-K, we operate in the U.S., which represented 78% of our revenue in 2020, and internationally in more than 20 countries. Our products and services span a wide variety of vertical markets including financial services, mortgage, federal, state and local governments, automotive, telecommunications and many others.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization designated the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 and related actions to attempt to control its spread began to impact our consolidated operating results in the first quarter of 2020. During 2020, the impact on the operating results in each country in which we operate differed based on the conditions and the vertical markets we serve in that country with the impact of the pandemic experienced most severely by our International business. Details of the impact of COVID-19 to our 2020 results can be found under the heading “Segment Financial Results” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section of the 2020 Form 10-K. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, as efforts to minimize the spread of COVID-19 have been more successful and access to vaccinations has increased, our consolidated revenue grew when compared to 2020, reflecting the U.S. mortgage market demand in 2021 compared to 2020, recovering country
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economies, Equifax-initiative growth and, to a lesser extent, revenue from acquired companies. A more thorough discussion of our business unit results are included under the heading “Segment Financial Results” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section of this Form 10-Q. We are unable to determine the severity or duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the individual markets in the countries we serve or how this impact will change with time. Although consolidated revenue has grown during the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 when compared to 2020, due to the uncertain effects on the global economy caused by the impact of COVID-19, the impact on our future results of operations related to the COVID-19 pandemic are unclear.
We expect that the global COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business and results of operations. While the COVID-19 pandemic affects the countries in which we operate, our critical priorities remain as follows:
(i)the health and safety of our employees and their families;
(ii)providing support to consumers;
(iii)helping our customers execute their changing business plans by providing innovative solutions combining our unique data assets and leading analytical and technology capabilities; and
(iv)executing on our cloud technology, data and security transformation per our previously stated plans.
We are generally following the requirements and protocols published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization, and federal, state and local governments. In jurisdictions where local restrictions have been lifted, as is the case at our major U.S. locations, our employees are returning to work to their assigned offices in conjunction with jurisdictional guidance. In jurisdictions where the local restrictions that were implemented to prevent the further spread of the virus allow, our employees can work from their assigned offices or from home. Generally across our facilities, we have undertaken actions to make these sites safer. We have also substantially reduced employee travel. If public health authorities dictate further measures to limit further spread of the virus, we may need to reinstate our business continuity plans in certain countries or regions in which we operate. As of the date of this filing, we do not believe our work from home and return to office protocols have materially adversely impacted our internal controls, financial reporting systems or our operations.
Our data and analytics, product and sales teams are focused on how to refine existing products and services, as well as generate new products and services, to meet the changing needs of our customers in this environment. Our technology teams continue to execute on our cloud technology, data and security transformation, including the continued migration of our technology to cloud native environments. To date, the change to our working environment has not caused material disruptions in the execution of these plans.
As a response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented plans to manage our costs. We limited the addition of new employees and third party contracted services, limited most travel except where necessary to meet customer or regulatory needs, and acted to limit discretionary spending. The pace of recovery of the global economy from the COVID-19 induced recession remains uncertain and may affect certain markets or regions we serve differently. Any future asset impairment charges, increase in allowance for doubtful accounts, or restructuring charges could be more likely and will be dependent on the severity and duration of the pandemic.
In light of the evolving health, social, economic and business environment, governmental regulations or mandates, and business disruptions that could occur, the potential impact that COVID-19 could have on our financial condition and operating results remains uncertain.
For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our business has been and will continue to be negatively impacted by the recent COVID-19 outbreak,” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
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2017 Cybersecurity Incident
In 2017, we experienced a cybersecurity incident following a criminal attack on our systems that involved the theft of certain personally identifiable information of U.S., Canadian and U.K. consumers. Criminals exploited a software vulnerability in a U.S. website application to gain unauthorized access to our network. In March 2017, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security distributed a notice concerning the software vulnerability. We undertook efforts to identify and remediate vulnerable systems; however, the vulnerability in the website application that was exploited was not identified by our security processes. We discovered unusual network activity in late-July 2017 and upon discovery promptly investigated the activity. Once the activity was identified as potential unauthorized access, we acted to stop the intrusion and engaged a leading, independent cybersecurity firm to conduct a forensic investigation to determine the scope of the unauthorized access, including the specific information impacted. Based on our forensic investigation, the unauthorized access occurred from mid-May 2017 through July 2017. No evidence was found that the Company’s core consumer, employment and income, or commercial reporting databases were accessed. On February 10, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that four members of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army were indicted on criminal charges for their involvement in the 2017 cybersecurity incident.
As a result of the 2017 cybersecurity incident, we were subject to a significant number of proceedings and investigations as described in Part II, “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” in this Form 10-Q. We did not record any settlement expenses related to the resolution of these proceedings and investigations for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. To date, we have recorded legal settlement expenses, net of insurance recoveries, of $800.9 million in selling, general, and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). As of September 30, 2021, $345.0 million is outstanding on the Consolidated Balance Sheet within other current liabilities related to the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation. The amounts accrued represent our best estimate of the liability related to these matters. The Company will continue to evaluate information as it becomes known and adjust accruals for new information and further developments in accordance with ASC 450-20-25.
Future Costs
We are currently executing substantial initiatives in security and consumer support, and a company-wide transformation of our technology platforms to cloud based technologies, which we refer to as our technology transformation, and incurred substantially increased expenses and capital expenditures in 2018, 2019 and 2020 related to these initiatives. We expect to continue to incur additional expenses and capital expenditures in the remainder of 2021 related to these initiatives, although at reduced levels compared to those incurred in 2020.
We will recognize the expenses and capital expenditures referenced herein as they are incurred.
Segment and Geographic Information
Segments. The Workforce Solutions segment consists of the Verification Services and Employer Services business lines. Verification Services revenue is transaction-based and is derived primarily from employment and income verification. Employer Services revenue is derived from our provision of certain human resources business process outsourcing services that include both transaction and subscription based product offerings. These services include unemployment claims management, employment-based tax credit services and other complementary employment-based transaction services.
The USIS segment consists of three service lines: Online Information Solutions, Mortgage Solutions, and Financial Marketing Services. Online Information Solutions and Mortgage Solutions revenue is principally transaction-based and is derived from our sales of products such as consumer and commercial credit reporting and scoring, identity management, fraud detection and modeling services. USIS also markets certain decisioning software services that facilitate and automate a variety of consumer and commercial credit-oriented decisions. Financial Marketing Services revenue is principally project and subscription based and is derived from our sales of batch credit and consumer wealth information such as those that assist clients in acquiring new customers, cross-selling to existing customers and managing portfolio risk.
The International segment consists of Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Canada. Canada’s services are similar to our USIS offerings. Asia Pacific, Europe and Latin America are made up of varying mixes of service lines that are generally consistent with those in our USIS reportable segment. We also provide information and technology services to support lenders and other creditors in the collections and recovery management process.
GCS revenue is both transaction and subscription based and is derived from the sale of credit monitoring and identity theft protection products, which we deliver electronically to consumers primarily via the internet in the U.S., Canada, and the
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U.K. We also sell consumer and credit information to resellers who combine our information with other information to provide direct-to-consumer monitoring, reports and scores.
Geographic Information. We currently have operations in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, the Republic of Ireland, Spain, the U.K., Uruguay and the U.S. We also offer Equifax branded credit services in Russia through a joint venture, have investments in consumer and/or commercial credit information companies through joint ventures in Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore and have an investment in a consumer and commercial credit information company in Brazil. Approximately 79% and 78% of our revenue was generated in the U.S. during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Approximately 79% and 78% of our revenue was generated in the U.S. during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Key Performance Indicators. Management focuses on a variety of key indicators to monitor operating and financial performance. These performance indicators include measurements of operating revenue, change in operating revenue, operating income, operating margin, net income, diluted earnings per share, cash provided by operating activities and capital expenditures. The key performance indicators for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | Key Performance Indicators
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | (In millions, except per share data) |  | (In millions, except per share data)
Operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |  |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |
Operating revenue change |  | 14 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 16 | %
Operating income |  | $ | 273.2 |  |  | $ | 204.4 |  |  | $ | 885.8 |  |  | $ | 507.2 |
Operating margin |  | 22.3 | % |  | 19.1 | % |  | 24.1 | % |  | 16.9 | %
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 205.4 |  |  | $ | 228.5 |  |  | $ | 622.1 |  |  | $ | 445.7 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.66 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 5.04 |  |  | $ | 3.63 |
Cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 398.4 |  |  | $ | 367.0 |  |  | $ | 949.5 |  |  | $ | 649.0 |
Capital expenditures* |  | $ | 121.0 |  |  | $ | (112.3) |  |  | $ | 345.9 |  |  | $ | (309.6) |

*Amounts include accruals for capital expenditures.
Operational and Financial Highlights
•We repurchased 0.4 million shares of our common stock on the open market for $69.9 million during the first nine months of 2021. At September 30, 2021, $520.2 million was available for future purchases of common stock under our share repurchase authorization.
•We paid out $142.6 million or $1.17 per share in dividends to our shareholders during the first nine months of 2021.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS—THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 AND 2020
Consolidated Financial Results
Operating Revenue

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Operating Revenue |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Workforce Solutions |  | $ | 508.0 |  |  | $ | 376.8 |  |  | $ | 131.2 |  |  | 35 | % |  | $ | 1,484.5 |  |  | $ | 1,031.4 |  |  | $ | 453.1 |  |  | 44 | %
U.S. Information Solutions |  | 387.8 |  |  | 386.3 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — | % |  | 1,203.0 |  |  | 1,095.1 |  |  | 107.9 |  |  | 10 | %
International |  | 245.4 |  |  | 218.0 |  |  | 27.4 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 737.7 |  |  | 614.6 |  |  | 123.1 |  |  | 20 | %
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 81.7 |  |  | 87.2 |  |  | (5.5) |  |  | (6) | % |  | 245.5 |  |  | 268.0 |  |  | (22.5) |  |  | (8) | %
Consolidated operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |  |  | $ | 154.6 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |  |  | $ | 661.6 |  |  | 22 | %

Revenue increased by $154.6 million, or 14%, and by $661.6 million, or 22%, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. Total revenue was positively impacted by foreign exchange rates, which increased revenue by $6.6 million and $52.1 million, or 1% and 2%, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
Revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 increased primarily due to growth in Workforce Solutions, International and USIS businesses, partially offset by declines in GCS.
Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Operating Expenses |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Consolidated cost of services |  | $ | 489.0 |  |  | $ | 433.2 |  |  | $ | 55.8 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 1,455.3 |  |  | $ | 1,256.5 |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  | 16 | %
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 344.2 |  |  | 330.0 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 981.4 |  |  | 955.9 |  |  | 25.5 |  |  | 3 | %
Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense |  | 116.5 |  |  | 100.7 |  |  | 15.8 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 348.2 |  |  | 289.5 |  |  | 58.7 |  |  | 20 | %
Consolidated operating expenses |  | $ | 949.7 |  |  | $ | 863.9 |  |  | $ | 85.8 |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 2,784.9 |  |  | $ | 2,501.9 |  |  | $ | 283.0 |  |  | 11 | %

Cost of services increased $55.8 million and $198.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases for both periods were primarily due to higher royalty costs, production costs, which include third party cloud usage fees, and people costs, partially offset by lower incremental technology and data security costs. The impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on costs of services led to an increase of $4.0 million and $28.3 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $14.2 million and $25.5 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases for both periods were due to increases in people costs, professional fees and advertising costs, partially offset by lower incremental technology and data security costs. The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates led to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses by $1.2 million and $10.9 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $15.8 million and $58.7 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases are due to the higher amortization of capitalized internal-use software and system costs from technology transformation capital spending incurred previously, as well as higher amortization of purchased intangible assets related to the acquisitions completed during 2021.
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Operating Income and Operating Margin

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Operating Income |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Consolidated operating revenue |  | $ | 1,222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,068.3 |  |  | $ | 154.6 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 3,670.7 |  |  | $ | 3,009.1 |  |  | $ | 661.6 |  |  | 22 | %
Consolidated operating expenses |  | 949.7 |  |  | 863.9 |  |  | 85.8 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 2,784.9 |  |  | 2,501.9 |  |  | 283.0 |  |  | 11 | %
Consolidated operating income |  | $ | 273.2 |  |  | $ | 204.4 |  |  | $ | 68.8 |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 885.8 |  |  | $ | 507.2 |  |  | $ | 378.6 |  |  | 75 | %
Consolidated operating margin |  | 22.3 | % |  | 19.1 | % |  |  |  | 3.2 | pts |  | 24.1 | % |  | 16.9 | % |  |  |  | 7.2 | pts

Total company operating margin increased by 3.2 percentage points and 7.2 percentage points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The margin increase is due to the operating income generated by the increased revenue and decreased incremental technology and data security costs offset by the aforementioned increase in amortization expense.
Interest Expense and Other Income, net

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Interest Expense and Other Income, net |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Consolidated interest expense |  | $ | (35.0) |  |  | $ | (37.4) |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | (6) | % |  | $ | (107.1) |  |  | $ | (104.7) |  |  | $ | (2.4) |  |  | 2 | %
Consolidated other income, net |  | 27.2 |  |  | 139.1 |  |  | (111.9) |  |  | nm |  | 32.3 |  |  | 188.3 |  |  | (156.0) |  |  | nm
Average cost of debt |  | 3.2 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  |  |  |
Total consolidated debt, net, at quarter end |  | $ | 5,470.0 |  |  | $ | 4,377.4 |  |  | $ | 1,092.6 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 5,470.0 |  |  | $ | 4,377.4 |  |  | $ | 1,092.6 |  |  | 25 | %

nm - not meaningful
Interest expense decreased by $2.4 million and increased by $2.4 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The decrease for the third quarter of 2021 is due to the retirement of various senior notes during the second and third quarters of 2021, partially offset by the issuance of the $1.0 billion 2.35% senior notes in August 2021. The increase for the first nine months of 2021 is due to the issuance of $1.0 billion senior notes in April 2020 and $1.0 billion issuance of 2.35% senior notes in August 2021, partially offset by the retirement of various senior notes during the second and third quarters of 2021.
Other income, net, decreased by $111.9 million and decreased by $156.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The decrease for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 is due to the $129.9 million gain recorded in the third quarter of 2020 related to a fair value adjustment of our investment in Brazil as a result of the initial public offering of stock of the associated business.
Income Taxes

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Provision for Income Taxes |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Consolidated provision for income taxes |  | $ | (58.8) |  |  | $ | (76.8) |  |  | $ | 18.0 |  |  | (23) | % |  | $ | (185.5) |  |  | $ | (142.2) |  |  | $ | (43.3) |  |  | 30 | %
Effective income tax rate |  | 22.1 | % |  | 25.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 22.9 | % |  | 24.1 | % |  |  |  |

Our effective income tax rate was 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 25.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Our effective income tax rate was 22.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 24.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our effective tax rate was lower for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 as compared to 2020 due to a lower foreign income tax rate differential in 2021 due to the changes in fair value of our investment in Brazil.
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Net Income

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Consolidated Net Income |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Consolidated operating income |  | $ | 273.2 |  |  | $ | 204.4 |  |  | $ | 68.8 |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 885.8 |  |  | $ | 507.2 |  |  | $ | 378.6 |  |  | 75 | %
Consolidated interest expense and other income, net |  | (7.8) |  |  | 101.7 |  |  | (109.5) |  |  | (108) | % |  | (74.8) |  |  | 83.6 |  |  | (158.4) |  |  | (189) | %
Consolidated provision for income taxes |  | (58.8) |  |  | (76.8) |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | (23) | % |  | (185.5) |  |  | (142.2) |  |  | (43.3) |  |  | 30 | %
Consolidated net income |  | 206.6 |  |  | 229.3 |  |  | (22.7) |  |  | (10) | % |  | 625.5 |  |  | 448.6 |  |  | 176.9 |  |  | 39 | %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | (1.2) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (50) | % |  | (3.4) |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (15) | %
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 205.4 |  |  | $ | 228.5 |  |  | $ | (23.1) |  |  | (10) | % |  | $ | 622.1 |  |  | $ | 445.7 |  |  | $ | 176.4 |  |  | 40 | %
Diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Equifax |  | $ | 1.66 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | (0.20) |  |  | (11) | % |  | $ | 5.04 |  |  | $ | 3.63 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | 39 | %
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share |  | 123.7 |  |  | 123.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123.5 |  |  | 122.7 |  |  |  |  |

Consolidated net income decreased by $22.7 million and increased by $176.9 million for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The decrease for the third quarter of 2021 is due to the decrease in other income as a result of the 2020 fair value adjustment of the Brazil investment, partially offset by increased operating income resulting from the increase in revenue from our Workforce Solutions and International business units and lower tax expense. The increase for the first nine months of 2021 is due to the increased operating income, partially offset by the decrease in other income and increase in tax expense.
Segment Financial Results
Workforce Solutions

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Workforce Solutions |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Operating revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Verification Services |  | $ | 402.7 |  |  | $ | 301.1 |  |  | $ | 101.6 |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 1,182.3 |  |  | $ | 773.2 |  |  | $ | 409.1 |  |  | 53 | %
Employer Services |  | 105.3 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 39 | % |  | 302.2 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | 17 | %
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 508.0 |  |  | $ | 376.8 |  |  | $ | 131.2 |  |  | 35 | % |  | $ | 1,484.5 |  |  | $ | 1,031.4 |  |  | $ | 453.1 |  |  | 44 | %
% of consolidated revenue |  | 42 | % |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | 34 | % |  |  |  |
Total operating income |  | $ | 253.1 |  |  | $ | 193.2 |  |  | $ | 59.9 |  |  | 31 | % |  | $ | 783.0 |  |  | $ | 500.8 |  |  | $ | 282.2 |  |  | 56 | %
Operating margin |  | 49.8 | % |  | 51.3 | % |  |  |  | (1.5) | pts |  | 52.7 | % |  | 48.6 | % |  |  |  | 4.1 | pts

Workforce Solutions revenue increased by 35% and 44% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases for both periods were due to strong growth in Verification Services driven by growth in both mortgage and non-mortgage verticals. Employer Services revenue also increased for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 due to acquisition related growth and employee services, partially offset by a decline in our unemployment claims business.
Verification Services
Revenue increased by 34% and 53% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase for both periods is due to strong growth in the mortgage vertical despite a reduction in mortgage inquiries that began in the second quarter and continued through the third quarter of 2021, and also due to growth in the talent solutions and government verticals. Revenue growth for both mortgage and non-mortgage verticals are supported by continued addition of new records to The Work Number database.
29

Employer Services
Revenue increased by 39% and 17% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase for both periods was due to acquisition revenue and growth in employee services, partially offset by a decrease in unemployment claims revenue as the number of claims has greatly reduced in 2021 after having been significantly higher in 2020 due to the economic impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. economy.
Workforce Solutions Operating Margin
Operating margin decreased to 49.8% for the third quarter of 2021 from 51.3% for the third quarter of 2020 and increased to 52.7% for the first nine months of 2021 from 48.6% for the first nine months of 2020. The decreased margin for the third quarter of 2021 was due to increased royalty, production and people costs, partially offset by the increase in revenue. The increased margin for the first nine months of 2021 was due to the increase in revenue, partially offset by increases in royalty, production and people costs.
USIS

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
U.S. Information Solutions |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Operating revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Online Information Solutions |  | $ | 286.3 |  |  | $ | 284.7 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 886.2 |  |  | $ | 800.3 |  |  | $ | 85.9 |  |  | 11 | %
Mortgage Solutions |  | 46.2 |  |  | 55.4 |  |  | (9.2) |  |  | (17) | % |  | 149.7 |  |  | 149.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — | %
Financial Marketing Services |  | 55.3 |  |  | 46.2 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 167.1 |  |  | 145.4 |  |  | 21.7 |  |  | 15 | %
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 387.8 |  |  | $ | 386.3 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 1,203.0 |  |  | $ | 1,095.1 |  |  | $ | 107.9 |  |  | 10 | %
% of consolidated revenue |  | 32 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 33 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |
Total operating income |  | $ | 116.7 |  |  | $ | 128.6 |  |  | $ | (11.9) |  |  | (9) | % |  | $ | 382.5 |  |  | $ | 349.3 |  |  | $ | 33.2 |  |  | 10 | %
Operating margin |  | 30.1 | % |  | 33.3 | % |  |  |  | (3.2) | pts |  | 31.8 | % |  | 31.9 | % |  |  |  | (0.1) | pts

USIS revenue was flat for the third quarter and up 10% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. For the third quarter of 2021, increases in acquisition-related revenue, non-mortgage online services and financial marketing services were offset by decreases in mortgage online services and mortgage solutions due to declining mortgage inquiry volumes. The increase for the first nine months of 2021 is due to overall improvements in our core credit decisioning services, acquisition-related revenue and financial marketing services.
Online Information Solutions
Revenue increased by 1% and 11% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase in the third quarter of 2021 was due to revenue from acquisitions and continued growth of our non-mortgage online services, partially offset by a decrease in mortgage online services due to declining mortgage origination volume compared to 2020. The increase for the first nine months of 2021 was due to growth in both mortgage and non-mortgage online services, as well as revenue from acquisitions.
Mortgage Solutions
Revenue decreased by 17% in the third quarter of 2021 and was flat for the first nine months of 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. Mortgage origination transaction volumes declined in the third quarter and are slightly down on the year for the first nine months, as compared to the prior year.
Financial Marketing Services
Revenue increased by 20% and 15% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase in both periods is due to increased marketing activities by customers as the U.S. economy continues its recovery from the economic impact of COVID-19.
30

USIS Operating Margin
USIS operating margin decreased to 30.1% for the third quarter of 2021 from 33.3% for the third quarter of 2020 and to 31.8% for the first nine months of 2021 from 31.9% for the first nine months of 2020. The margin decreases for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 were due to the increase in royalty costs, depreciation expense and production costs, partially offset by increased revenue and a decrease in incremental technology and data security costs.
International

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
International |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Operating revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific |  | $ | 88.7 |  |  | $ | 80.2 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 267.0 |  |  | $ | 215.1 |  |  | $ | 51.9 |  |  | 24 | %
Europe |  | 67.7 |  |  | 58.7 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 204.8 |  |  | 173.2 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 18 | %
Latin America |  | 44.6 |  |  | 40.4 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 130.3 |  |  | 117.8 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 11 | %
Canada |  | 44.4 |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 135.6 |  |  | 108.5 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | 25 | %
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 245.4 |  |  | $ | 218.0 |  |  | $ | 27.4 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 737.7 |  |  | $ | 614.6 |  |  | $ | 123.1 |  |  | 20 | %
% of consolidated revenue |  | 20 | % |  | 21 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 20 | % |  | 21 | % |  |  |  |
Total operating income |  | $ | 27.9 |  |  | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 85.1 |  |  | $ | 34.5 |  |  | $ | 50.6 |  |  | 147 | %
Operating margin |  | 11.4 | % |  | 11.6 | % |  |  |  | (0.2) | pts |  | 11.5 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  |  |  | 5.9 | pts

International revenue increased by 13% and 20% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 10% and 12% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, driven by increases in all geographies as local economies continue to recover from negative impacts of COVID-19 despite the continued lockdown measures within various regions. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $6.0 million, or 3%, for the third quarter of 2021 and by $49.4 million, or 8%, for the first nine months of 2021.
Asia Pacific
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 7% and 11% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases in both periods were driven by growth in our commercial, background check verifications and identity and fraud businesses in Australia. Additionally, the increase in revenue for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 is also attributable to growth in India due to higher consumer volumes related to economic recovery from the impacts of COVID-19. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $2.5 million, or 4%, and $27.8 million, or 13% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. Reported revenue increased by 11% and 24% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
Europe
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 9% in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases in both periods were driven by growth in the consumer and commercial verticals for the U.K. and Spain due to improving economic conditions in the third quarter of 2021, as well as growth in the debt management vertical driven by higher volumes within the private sector. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $3.5 million, or 6%, and $16.0 million, or 9% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. Reported revenue increased by 15% and 18% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
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Latin America
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 16% and 15% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases in both periods were driven by price increases in Argentina and growth in the consumer vertical primarily for Chile, Argentina and Ecuador due to economic recovery from the impacts of COVID-19 across the region despite extended lockdowns in some of the countries. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenue by $2.4 million, or 5%, and $4.9 million, or 4% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. The negative foreign currency impacts in both periods were driven by negative impacts from Argentina and Peru, partially offset by positive impacts from Chile and Mexico. Reported revenue increased by 11% for both the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020.
Canada
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 8% and 15% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases in both periods were driven by growth in the consumer, commercial, identity and fraud, and analytics businesses, mainly within the mortgage and fintech verticals, as Canada continues to recover from the negative impacts of COVID-19 despite continued lockdown measures in several Canadian provinces. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $2.4 million, or 7%, and $10.4 million, or 10% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. Reported revenue increased by 15% and 25% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.
International Operating Margin
Operating margin decreased slightly to 11.4% for the third quarter of 2021 from 11.6% for the third quarter of 2020 and increased to 11.5% for the first nine months of 2021 from 5.6% for the same period in 2020. The decreased margin for the third quarter of 2021 is due to increased people, royalty and production costs and higher depreciation expense related to the technology transformation, partially offset by the increased revenue and lower purchased intangible asset amortization costs in Australia. The increased margin for the first nine months of 2021 is due to the increased revenue and lower purchased intangible asset amortization costs mentioned above, lower technology and data security costs and discretionary expense control, partially offset by increased people costs, royalty costs, production costs and depreciation expense.
GCS

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Global Consumer Solutions |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
Total operating revenue |  | $ | 81.7 |  |  | $ | 87.2 |  |  | $ | (5.5) |  |  | (6) | % |  | $ | 245.5 |  |  | $ | 268.0 |  |  | $ | (22.5) |  |  | (8) | %
% of consolidated revenue |  | 6 | % |  | 8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 7 | % |  | 9 | % |  |  |  |
Total operating income |  | $ | 11.8 |  |  | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | (0.7) |  |  | (6) | % |  | $ | 37.7 |  |  | $ | 33.4 |  |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | 13 | %
Operating margin |  | 14.4 | % |  | 14.4 | % |  |  |  | — | pts |  | 15.3 | % |  | 12.5 | % |  |  |  | 2.8 | pts

Revenue decreased by 6% and 8% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. On a local currency basis, revenue decreased by 7% and 9% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. The reduction in revenue for both periods was driven by decreases in partner revenue, partially offset by growth in the direct to consumer business due to strong consumer subscription performance in North America. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $0.7 million, or 1%, and $2.7 million, or 1% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively.
GCS Operating Margin
Operating margin of 14.4% for the third quarter of 2021 was consistent with the third quarter of 2020 and increased to 15.3% for the first nine months of 2021 from 12.5% for the first nine months of 2020. The margin for the third quarter of 2021 remained constant as the decrease in revenue was offset by a reduction in operating expenses, primarily partner royalty and technology development costs. The increased margin for the first nine months of 2021 is due to a reduction in partner royalty costs and a decrease in technology development costs, partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense and advertising costs, as well as the decrease in revenue.
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General Corporate Expense

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
General Corporate Expense |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  | (In millions) |  |
General corporate expense |  | $ | 136.3 |  |  | $ | 155.3 |  |  | $ | (19.0) |  |  | (12) | % |  | $ | 402.5 |  |  | $ | 410.8 |  |  | $ | (8.3) |  |  | (2) | %

Our general corporate expenses are unallocated costs that are incurred at the corporate level and include those expenses impacted by corporate direction, including shared services, technology, security, data and analytics, administrative, legal, restructuring, and the portion of management incentive compensation determined by total company-wide performance.
General corporate expense decreased by $19.0 million and $8.3 million for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The decrease in both periods was due to a decrease in incremental technology and data security costs, partially offset by increased depreciation and amortization expense.
LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. We continue to generate substantial cash from operating activities, remain in a strong financial position, and manage our capital structure to meet short and long-term objectives including reinvestment in existing businesses and strategic acquisitions.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Funds generated by operating activities, our Revolver and related commercial paper program, more fully described below, are our most significant sources of liquidity. At September 30, 2021, we had $2.0 billion in cash balances, as well as $1.0 billion available to borrow under our Revolver.
The Company has and expects to make payments to resolve certain legal proceedings and investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident, described more fully in Part II, “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” in this Form 10-Q. Through September 30, 2021, the Company has made payments of $443.6 million for legal settlements related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident. The remaining $345.0 million to be paid to the Consumer Restitution Fund will be made after a final adjudication affirming the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation settlement or dismissal of the pending appeals. Although we expect this payment and the remaining settlement payments to be made later in 2021 or early 2022, we can give no assurance that these payments will occur in 2021 or early 2022 due to pending appeals. As a result of the possible payments that could be made in 2021 or early 2022 related to the losses associated with certain legal proceedings and government investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident and other requirements, funds generated by operating activities may not be sufficient to fund working capital and other cash requirements, including for acquisitions and share repurchases, through September 30, 2022. Our plan is to finance the payments with existing cash balances and borrowing capacity, as necessary. In the event that additional financing is needed, we would finance using the public and private corporate bond markets and/or syndicated loan markets, if available.
Fund Transfer Limitations. The ability of certain of our subsidiaries and associated companies to transfer funds to the U.S. may be limited, in some cases, by certain restrictions imposed by foreign governments. These restrictions do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially limit our ability to service our indebtedness, meet our current obligations or pay dividends. As of September 30, 2021, we held $186.2 million of cash in our foreign subsidiaries.
Information about our cash flows, by category, is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 vs. 2020
|  | (In millions)
Operating activities |  | $ | 949.5 |  |  | $ | 649.0 |  |  | $ | 300.5 |
Investing activities |  | $ | (1,440.3) |  |  | $ | (380.9) |  |  | $ | (1,059.4) |
Financing activities |  | $ | 842.4 |  |  | $ | 865.3 |  |  | $ | (22.9) |

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Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased by $300.5 million compared the prior year period due to increased net income.
Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Net cash used in: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 vs. 2020
|  | (In millions)
Capital expenditures* |  | $ | (332.9) |  |  | $ | (309.5) |  |  | $ | (23.4) |

*Amounts above are total cash outflows for capital expenditures.
Our capital expenditures are used for developing, enhancing and deploying new and existing software in support of our expanding product set, replacing or adding equipment, updating systems for regulatory compliance, the licensing of certain software applications, investing in system reliability, security and disaster recovery enhancements, and updating or expanding our office facilities.
Capital expenditures paid in the first nine months of 2021 increased by $23.4 million from the same period in 2020. We are continuing to invest in enhanced technology systems and infrastructure as part of our technology transformation.
Acquisitions, Divestitures and Investments

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Net cash used in: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 vs. 2020
|  | (In millions)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  | $ | (1,108.9) |  |  | $ | (61.4) |  |  | $ | (1,047.5) |
Cash received from divestiture |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.5 |
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (10.0) |  |  | $ | 10.0 |

During the first nine months of 2021 we acquired Kount and Teletrack within our USIS segment, and HIREtech, i2Verify and Health e(fx) within our Workforce Solutions segment, as well as a small tuck-in acquisition within our International segment. In addition, we also sold a small business within our International segment. During the first nine months of 2020, we acquired the remaining interest in our India joint venture within the International segment and a tuck-in acquisition within our USIS segment.
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Financing Activities
Borrowings and Credit Facility Availability

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 vs. 2020
|  | (In millions)
Net short-term borrowings |  | $ | 499.2 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 498.9 |
Payments on long-term debt |  | $ | (1,100.2) |  |  | $ | (125.0) |  |  | $ | (975.2) |
Borrowings on long-term debt |  | $ | 1,697.3 |  |  | $ | 1,123.3 |  |  | $ | 574.0 |

Credit Facilities Availability
In August 2021, the Company refinanced the existing unsecured revolving credit facility of $1.1 billion set to expire September 2023, and entered into a new $1.5 billion five-year unsecured Revolver and a new $700.0 million delayed draw Term Loan, collectively known as the “Senior Credit Facilities,” both which mature in August 2026. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities may be used for working capital, for capital expenditures, to refinance existing debt, to finance acquisitions, including the acquisition of Appriss Insights, and for other general corporate purposes. The Revolver includes an option to request a maximum of three one-year extensions of the maturity date, any time after the first anniversary of the closing date of the Revolver. Availability of the Revolver is reduced by the outstanding principal balance of our commercial paper notes and by any letters of credit issued under the Revolver.
In the third quarter of 2021, we increased the size of our commercial paper (“CP”) program from $1.1 billion to $1.5 billion, consistent with the increase in our Revolver. Our $1.5 billion CP program has been established to allow for borrowing through the private placement of CP with maturities ranging from overnight to 397 days. We may use the proceeds of CP for general corporate purposes. The CP program is supported by our Revolver and the total amount of CP which may be issued is reduced by the amount of any outstanding borrowings under our Revolver.
As of September 30, 2021, there were $0.7 million of letters of credit outstanding, no outstanding borrowings under the Revolver, $700.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan and $500.0 million of outstanding CP notes. Availability under the Revolver was $1.0 billion at September 30, 2021.
At September 30, 2021, 78% of our debt was fixed-rate debt and 22% was effectively variable debt. Our variable-rate debt consists of our outstanding term loan and CP. The interest rates reset periodically, depending on the terms of the respective financing agreements. At September 30, 2021, the interest rate on our variable-rate debt ranged from 0.20% to 1.31%.
Borrowing and Repayment Activity
We primarily borrow under our CP program and Revolver as needed and as availability allows.
Net short-term borrowings primarily represent borrowings or repayments of outstanding amounts under our CP program.
Payments on long-term debt reflect $1.1 billion payments related to senior notes in the first nine months of 2021 and $125.0 million payments made related to the now-terminated Receivables Facility in the first nine months of 2020.
Borrowings on long-term debt represent the net proceeds received from the issuance of the $1.0 billion 2031 Notes and $700.0 million Term Loan in the first nine months of 2021 and the net proceeds received from issuance of the 2025 and 2030 senior notes, as well as the net proceeds received from draw downs on the now-terminated Receivables Facility during the first nine months of 2020.
Debt Covenants. A downgrade in our credit ratings would increase the cost of borrowings under our CP program, Revolver and Term Loan, and could limit or, in the case of a significant downgrade, preclude our ability to issue CP. Our outstanding indentures and comparable instruments also contain customary covenants including, for example, limits on mortgages, liens, sale/leaseback transactions, mergers and sales of assets.
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In August 2021, we entered into our new Senior Credit Facilities as noted above in anticipation of the Appriss Insights acquisition, which provides additional financial flexibility. The Senior Credit Facilities include a maximum leverage ratio, defined as consolidated funded debt divided by consolidated EBITDA for the preceding four quarters, of (i) 3.75 to 1.0 initially, (ii) 4.25 to 1.0 for the first fiscal quarter ending after the consummation of the Company’s acquisition of Appriss Insights on October 1, 2021 (the “Appriss Closing Date”), until the fourth fiscal quarter ending after the Appriss Closing Date, (iii) 4.0 to 1.0 for the fifth fiscal quarter ending after the Appriss Closing Date until the sixth fiscal quarter ending after the Appriss Closing Date and (iv) 3.75 to 1.0 for the seventh fiscal quarter ending after the Appriss Closing Date and through the remaining term of the Revolver. We may also elect to increase the maximum leverage ratio by 0.5 to 1.0 (subject to a maximum leverage ratio of 4.75 to 1.0) in connection with certain material acquisitions if we satisfy certain requirements. The Senior Credit Facilities also permit cash in excess of $175 million to be netted against debt in the calculation of the leverage ratio, subject to certain restrictions.
As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.
We do not have any credit rating triggers that would accelerate the maturity of a material amount of the outstanding debt; however, our 3.3% senior notes due 2022, 3.95% senior notes due 2023, 2.6% senior notes due 2024, 2.6% senior notes due 2025, 3.25% senior notes due 2026, term loan due 2026, 3.1% senior notes due 2030, 2.35% senior notes due 2031 and 7.0% senior notes due 2037 (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) contain change in control provisions. If the Company experiences a change of control or publicly announces the Company’s intention to effect a change of control and the rating on the Senior Notes is lowered by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) below an investment grade rating within 60 days of such change of control or notice thereof, then the Company will be required to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. As of September 30, 2021, our S&P credit rating was BBB with a stable outlook and our Moody’s credit rating was Baa2 with a stable outlook. These ratings are subject to change as events and circumstances change.
For additional information about our debt, including the terms of our financing arrangements, basis for floating interest rates and debt covenants, see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Equity Transactions

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 vs. 2020
|  | (In millions)
Treasury stock repurchases |  | $ | (69.9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (69.9) |
Dividends paid to Equifax shareholders |  | $ | (142.6) |  |  | $ | (142.1) |  |  | $ | (0.5) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  | $ | (6.5) |  |  | $ | (2.6) |  |  | $ | (3.9) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  | $ | 33.4 |  |  | $ | 29.9 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests |  | $ | (11.2) |  |  | $ | (9.0) |  |  | $ | (2.2) |

Sources and uses of cash related to equity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
- During the first nine months of 2021, we repurchased 0.4 shares of our common stock on the open market for $69.9 million. During the first nine months of 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our stock.
- We maintained our quarterly dividend of $0.39 per share in the third quarter of 2021. We paid cash dividends to Equifax shareholders of $142.6 million and $142.1 million, or $1.17 per share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
- We received cash of $33.4 million and $29.9 million during the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, from the exercise of stock options and the employee stock purchase plan.
At September 30, 2021, the Company had $520.2 million remaining for stock repurchases under the existing authorization from the board of directors.
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Contractual Obligations, Commercial Commitments and Other Contingencies
Our contractual obligations have not changed materially from those reported in our 2020 Form 10-K. For additional information about certain obligations and contingencies, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There have been no material changes with respect to our off-balance sheet arrangements from those presented in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Benefit Plans
At December 31, 2020, our U.S. Retirement Income Plan met or exceeded ERISA’s minimum funding requirements. In the future, we expect to make minimum funding contributions as required and may make discretionary contributions, depending on certain circumstances, including market conditions and our liquidity needs. We believe additional funding contributions, if any, would not prevent us from continuing to meet our liquidity needs, which are primarily funded from cash flows generated by operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, our CP program and our Revolver.
For our non-U.S., tax-qualified retirement plans, we fund an amount sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements but no more than allowed as a tax deduction pursuant to applicable tax regulations. For our non-qualified supplementary retirement plans, we fund the benefits as they are paid to retired participants, but accrue the associated expense and liabilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
For additional information about our benefit plans, see Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Seasonality
Traditionally we experience seasonality in certain of our revenue streams. Revenue generated by the online consumer information services component of our USIS operating segment is typically the lowest during the first quarter, when consumer lending activity is at a seasonal low. Revenue generated from the Employer Services business unit within the Workforce Solutions operating segment is generally higher in the first quarter due primarily to the provision of Form W-2, 1094, and 1095 preparation services which occur in the first quarter each year. Revenue generated from our financial wealth asset products and data management services in our Financial Marketing Services business are generally higher in the fourth quarter each year. Mortgage related revenue is generally higher in the second and third quarters of the year due to the increase in consumer home purchasing during the summer in the U.S. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as described above within “Recent Events and Company Outlook,” we are unsure of how future results will compare to historic seasonality trends.
Foreign Currency
Argentina experienced multiple periods of increasing inflation rates, devaluation of the peso, and increasing borrowing rates. As such, Argentina was deemed a highly inflationary economy by accounting policymakers. Beginning in the third quarter of 2018, we have accounted for Argentina as highly inflationary which resulted in the recognition of a $0.1 million and $0.2 million foreign currency loss that was recorded in other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For information about new accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.
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APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. This requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their significance to the Consolidated Financial Statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates and assumptions about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The “Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section in the MD&A, and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in our 2020 Form 10-K describe the significant accounting estimates and policies used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.
Goodwill
We review goodwill for impairment annually (as of September 30) and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance or trends, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We have seven reporting units comprised of Workforce Solutions (which includes Verification Services and Employer Services), USIS (which includes Online Information Solutions, Mortgage Solutions and Financial Marketing Services), Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, Canada and GCS.
The goodwill balance at September 30, 2021, for our seven reporting units was as follows:

| September 30,
| 2021
| (In millions)
Workforce Solutions | $ | 1,234.5 |
U.S. Information Solutions | 1,774.6 |
Asia Pacific | 1,511.7 |
Europe | 185.5 |
Latin America | 217.1 |
Canada | 53.8 |
Global Consumer Solutions | 192.0 |
Total goodwill | $ | 5,169.2 |

We performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing was necessary for our Workforce Solutions, USIS, Europe, Canada and GCS reporting units. In this qualitative assessment, we considered the following items for each of the reporting units: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance and other entity specific events. In addition, for each of these reporting units, the most recent fair value determination resulted in an amount that significantly exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting units. Based on these assessments, we determined the likelihood that a current fair value determination would be less than the current carrying amount of the reporting unit is not more likely than not. As a result of our conclusions, no further testing was required for these reporting units.
Valuation Techniques
We performed a quantitative assessment for our Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units to determine whether impairment exists from the most recent valuation dates due to the size of the cushion and overall uncertainty in these reporting units due to the negative impacts of COVID-19. In determining the fair value of the reporting unit, we used a combination of the income and market approaches to estimate the reporting unit’s business enterprise value.
Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on estimated future discounted cash flows which require assumptions about short and long-term revenue growth rates, operating margins for each reporting unit, discount rates, foreign currency exchange rates and estimates of capital expenditures. The assumptions we use are based on what we believe a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of revenue or earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, for
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benchmark companies or guideline transactions. We believe the benchmark companies used for our Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units serve as an appropriate input for calculating a fair value for the reporting unit as those benchmark companies have similar risks, participate in similar markets, provide similar services for their customers and compete with us directly. The companies we use as benchmarks are principally outlined in our discussion of Competition in our 2020 Form 10-K and have not significantly changed since the date of our last annual impairment test. Competition for our Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units generally includes global consumer credit reporting companies, such as Experian, which offer a product suite similar to the reporting unit's credit reporting solutions.
The values separately derived from each of the income and market approach valuation techniques were used to develop an overall estimate of a reporting unit’s fair value. We use a consistent approach across all reporting units when considering the weight of the income and market approaches for calculating the fair value of each of our reporting units. This approach relies more heavily on the calculated fair value derived from the income approach with 70% of the value coming from the income approach. We believe this approach is consistent with that of a market participant in valuing prospective purchase business combinations. The selection and weighting of the various fair value techniques may result in a higher or lower fair value. Judgment is applied in determining the weightings that are most representative of fair value.
We have not made any material changes to the valuation methodology we use to assess goodwill impairment since the date of our last annual impairment test.
Growth Assumptions
The assumptions for our future cash flows begin with our historical operating performance, the details of which are described in our Management’s Discussion & Analysis of operating performance. Additionally, we consider the impact that known economic, industry and market trends, including the impact and anticipated recovery related to the COVID-19 global pandemic, will have on our future forecasts, as well as the impact that we expect from planned business initiatives including new product initiatives, client service and retention standards, and cost management programs. At the end of the forecast period, the long-term growth rate we used to determine the terminal value of our Asia Pacific and Latin American reporting units were between 3.0% and 4.0% based on management’s assessment of the minimum expected terminal growth rate of the reporting unit, as well as broader economic considerations such as GDP, inflation and the maturity of the markets we serve.
We projected revenue growth in 2022 for our Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units in completing our 2021 impairment testing based on expected economic recovery from the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on these regions in 2021 and planned business initiatives and prevailing trends exhibited by these reporting units. The anticipated revenue growth in these reporting units, however, is partially offset by assumed increases in expenses and capital expenditures for the reporting unit which reflects the additional level of investment needed in order to achieve the planned revenue growth and completion of our technology transformation initiatives.
Discount Rate Assumptions
We utilize a weighted average cost of capital, or WACC, in our impairment analysis that makes assumptions about the capital structure that we believe a market participant would make and include a risk premium based on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows for the reporting unit. We believe this approach yields a discount rate that is consistent with an implied rate of return that a market participant would require for an investment in a company having similar risks and business characteristics to the reporting unit being assessed. To calculate the WACC, the cost of equity and cost of debt are multiplied by the assumed capital structure of the reporting unit as compared to industry trends and relevant benchmark company structures. The cost of equity was computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model which considers the risk-free interest rate, beta, equity risk premium and specific company risk premium related to a particular reporting unit. The cost of debt was computed using a benchmark rate and the Company’s tax rate. For the 2021 annual goodwill impairment evaluation, the discount rates used to develop the estimated fair value of the Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units were between 9.0% and 13.0%.
Estimated Fair Value and Sensitivities
The estimated fair value of the reporting units is derived from the valuation techniques described above incorporating the related projections and assumptions. Impairment occurs when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is below the carrying value of its equity. The estimated fair value for our Asia Pacific and Latin America reporting units exceeded their related carrying values as of September 30, 2021. As a result, no goodwill impairment was recorded.
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The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is highly sensitive to changes in these projections and assumptions; therefore, in some instances changes in these assumptions could impact whether the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. For example, an increase in the discount rate and decline in the projected cumulative cash flow of a reporting unit could cause the fair value of certain reporting units to be below its carrying value. We perform sensitivity analyses around these assumptions in order to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values. Ultimately, future potential changes in these assumptions may impact the estimated fair value of a reporting unit and cause the fair value of the reporting unit to be below its carrying value. Due to the lower cushions when compared to other reporting units, Asia Pacific and Latin America are more sensitive to changes in the assumptions noted above that could result in a fair value that is less than its carrying value. The excess of fair value over carrying value for the Asia Pacific reporting unit was greater than 10% and the excess fair value over carrying value for the Latin America reporting unit was greater than 50% as of September 30, 2021.
Given the relatively smaller excess of fair value over carrying value for the Asia Pacific reporting unit, we believe that it is at risk of a possible future goodwill impairment. Although we experienced growth in this reporting unit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 in comparison to the estimates used in the 2020 goodwill impairment testing, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial negative impact on our results. Avoidance of a future impairment will be dependent on continued economic recovery from the negative impact caused by COVID-19 and our ability to execute on initiatives to grow revenue and manage expenses prudently. We will continue to monitor the performance of this reporting unit to ensure no interim indications of possible impairment have occurred before our next annual goodwill impairment assessment in September 2022.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information regarding our exposure to certain market risks, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” in Part II, Item 7A of our 2020 Form 10-K. There were no material changes to our market risk exposure during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by the Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Litigation and Investigations related to the 2017 Cybersecurity Incident
In 2017, we experienced a cybersecurity incident following a criminal attack on our systems that involved the theft of certain personally identifiable information of U.S., Canadian and U.K. consumers. Following the 2017 cybersecurity incident, hundreds of class actions and other lawsuits were filed against us typically alleging harm from the incident and seeking various remedies, including monetary and injunctive relief. We were also subject to investigations and inquiries by federal, state and foreign governmental agencies and officials regarding the 2017 cybersecurity incident and related matters. Most of these lawsuits and government investigations have concluded or been resolved, including pursuant to the settlement agreements described below, while others remain ongoing. The Company’s participation in these settlements does not constitute an admission by the Company of any fault or liability, and the Company does not admit fault or liability.
Consumer Settlement.
On July 19, 2019 and July 22, 2019, we entered into multiple agreements that resolve the U.S. consolidated consumer class action cases, captioned In re: Equifax, Inc. Customer Data Security Breach Litigation, MDL No. 2800 (the “U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation”), and the investigations of the FTC, the CFPB, the Attorneys General of 48 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and the NYDFS (collectively, the “Consumer Settlement”). Under the terms of the Consumer Settlement, the Company will contribute $380.5 million to a non-reversionary settlement fund (the “Consumer Restitution Fund”) to provide restitution for U.S. consumers identified by the Company whose personal information was compromised as a result of the 2017 cybersecurity incident as well as to pay reasonable attorneys’ fees and reasonable costs and expenses for the plaintiffs’ counsel in the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation (not to exceed $80.5 million), settlement administration costs and notice costs. The Company has agreed to contribute up to an additional $125.0 million to the Consumer Restitution Fund to cover certain unreimbursed costs and expenditures incurred by affected U.S. consumers in the event the $380.5 million in the Consumer Restitution Fund is exhausted. The Company also agreed to various business practice commitments related to consumer assistance and its information security program, including conducting third party assessments of its information security program.
On January 13, 2020, the Northern District of Georgia, the U.S. District Court overseeing centralized pre-trial proceedings for the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation and numerous other federal court actions relating to the 2017 cybersecurity incident (the “MDL Court”), entered an order granting final approval of the settlement in connection with the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation. The MDL Court entered an amended order granting final approval of the settlement (the “Final Approval Order”) on March 17, 2020. Several objectors appealed the Final Approval Order to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the “Eleventh Circuit”). On June 3, 2021, the Eleventh Circuit issued an order reversing the MDL Court’s grant of incentive awards to class representatives, but affirming all other aspects of the Final Approval Order. Several objectors filed petitions with the Eleventh Circuit seeking a rehearing, and on July 29, 2021, the Eleventh Circuit denied those petitions. On August 12, 2021, the MDL Court made the Eleventh Circuit’s mandate the judgment of the MDL Court. Since that time, one objector has filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. The deadline for any other objectors to file such petitions is October 27, 2021. Until all such petitions to the U.S. Supreme Court are finally adjudicated or dismissed, we can provide no assurance that the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation will be resolved as contemplated by the settlement agreement. If the Eleventh Circuit’s June 3, 2021 order affirming approval of the settlement (except with respect to incentive awards, as discussed above) is reviewed and reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court, there is a risk that we would not be able to settle the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation on acceptable terms or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Other Matters.
We face other lawsuits and government investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident that have not yet been concluded or resolved. These ongoing matters may result in judgments, fines or penalties, settlements or other relief. We dispute the allegations in the remaining lawsuits and intend to defend against such claims. Set forth below are descriptions of the main categories of these matters.
Georgia State Court Consumer Class Actions. Four putative class actions arising from the 2017 cybersecurity incident were filed against us in Fulton County Superior Court and Fulton County State Court in Georgia based on similar allegations and theories as alleged in the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation and seek monetary damages, injunctive relief and other related relief on behalf of Georgia citizens. These cases were transferred to a single judge in the Fulton County Business Court and
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three of the cases were consolidated into a single action. On July 27, 2018, the Fulton County Business Court granted the Company’s motion to stay the remaining single case, and on August 17, 2018, the Fulton County Business Court granted the Company’s motion to stay the consolidated case. These cases remain stayed pending final resolution of the U.S. Consumer MDL Litigation.
Canadian Class Actions. Five putative Canadian class actions, four of which are on behalf of a national class of approximately 19,000 Canadian consumers, are pending against us in Ontario, British Columbia and Alberta. Each of the proposed Canadian class actions asserts a number of common law and statutory claims seeking monetary damages and other related relief in connection with the 2017 cybersecurity incident. In addition to seeking class certification on behalf of Canadian consumers whose personal information was allegedly impacted by the 2017 cybersecurity incident, in some cases, plaintiffs also seek class certification on behalf of a larger group of Canadian consumers who had contracts for subscription products with Equifax around the time of the incident or earlier and were not impacted by the incident.
On December 13, 2019, the court in Ontario granted certification of a nationwide class that includes all impacted Canadians as well as Canadians who had subscription products with Equifax between March 7, 2017 and July 30, 2017 who were not impacted by the incident. We appealed one of the claims on which a class was certified and on June 9, 2021, our appeal was granted by the Ontario Divisional Court. The plaintiff has since filed a notice of further appeal. All remaining purported class actions are at preliminary stages or stayed.
Government Investigations. We have cooperated with federal, state and foreign governmental agencies and officials investigating or otherwise seeking information, testimony and/or documents, regarding the 2017 cybersecurity incident and related matters and most of these investigations have been resolved as discussed in prior filings.
The U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) opened an enforcement investigation against our U.K. subsidiary, Equifax Limited, in October 2017. The investigation by the FCA has involved a number of information requirements and interviews. We continue to respond to the information requirements and are cooperating with the investigation.
Although we continue to cooperate in the above investigations and inquiries, an adverse outcome to any such investigations and inquiries could subject us to fines or other obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Other
Equifax has been named as a defendant in various other legal actions, including administrative claims, regulatory matters, government investigations, class actions and other litigation arising in connection with our business. Some of the legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We believe we have defenses to and, where appropriate, will contest many of these matters. Given the number of these matters, some are likely to result in adverse judgments, penalties, injunctions, fines or other relief. We may explore potential settlements before a case is taken through trial because of the uncertainty and risks inherent in the litigation process.
For information regarding our accounting for legal contingencies, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed in our 2020 Form 10-K.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table contains information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Equifax or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a) (3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during our third quarter ended September 30, 2021:

|  | Total Number of Shares |  | Average Price Paid |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly-Announced |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or
Period |  | Purchased (1) |  | Per Share (2) |  | Plans or Programs |  | Programs (3)
July 1 - July 31, 2021 |  | 20,336 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 520,168,924 |
August 1 - August 31, 2021 |  | 1,358 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 520,168,924 |
September 1 - September 30, 2021 |  | 30,776 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 520,168,924 |
Total |  | 52,470 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)The total number of shares purchased for the quarter includes shares surrendered, or deemed surrendered, in satisfaction of the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of employee stock options, totaling 20,336 shares for the month of July 2021, 1,358 shares for the month of August 2021, and 30,776 shares for the month of September 2021.
(2)Average price paid per share for shares purchased as part of our share repurchase program (includes brokerage commissions). For the quarter ended September 30, 2021 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program.
(3)At September 30, 2021, the amount authorized for future share repurchases under the share repurchase program was $520.2 million. The program does not have a stated expiration date.
Dividend and Share Repurchase Restrictions
Our Revolver restricts our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock or repurchase capital stock if a default or event of default exists or would result if these payments were to occur, according to the terms of the applicable credit agreements.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description
4.1 |  |  | Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2021, between Equifax Inc. and the Trustee, including the form of Note as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Equifax’s Form 8-K filed August 16, 2021).
10.1 |  |  | Credit Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021, by and among Equifax Inc., Equifax Limited, Equifax Canada Co., Equifax International Treasury Services Unlimited Company and Equifax Australia Holdings Pty Limited, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Equifax’s Form 8-K filed August 31, 2021).
10.2 |  |  | Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021, by and between Equifax Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Equifax’s Form 8-K filed August 31, 2021).
31.1 |  |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 |  |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2 |  |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Equifax Inc.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | October 21, 2021 | By: | /s/ Mark W. Begor
|  |  | Mark W. Begor
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | October 21, 2021 |  | /s/ John W. Gamble, Jr.
|  |  | John W. Gamble, Jr.
|  |  | Corporate Vice President and
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | October 21, 2021 |  | /s/ James M. Griggs
|  |  | James M. Griggs
|  |  | Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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