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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
Commission File Number 1-9861
_______________________
M&T BANK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________

New York |  | 16-0968385
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One M&T Plaza Buffalo, New York |  | 14203
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
(716) 635-4000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbols | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.50 par value | MTB | New York Stock Exchange
Perpetual Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H | MTBPrH | New York Stock Exchange
Perpetual 7.500% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J | MTBPrJ | New York Stock Exchange

_____________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | o
Non-accelerated filer | o |  | Smaller reporting company | o
Emerging growth company | o |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
Number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.50 par value, outstanding as of the close of business on August 1, 2024: 167,000,691 shares.

M&T BANK CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2024

Table of Contents of Information Required in Report |  | Page
| Glossary of Terms |  | 3
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
| CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET – June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 |  | 4
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME – Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 5
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 6
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS – Six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 7
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY – Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 8
| NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |  | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 45
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 86
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 86
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 87
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 87
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 87
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 87
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 87
Item 5. | Other Information |  | 88
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 88
SIGNATURES |  | 89

- 2 -

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following listing includes acronyms and terms used throughout the document.

Term | Definition
2023 Annual Report | Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023
Bayview Financial | Bayview Financial Holdings, L.P. together with its affiliates
BLG | Bayview Lending Group, LLC
Capital Rules | Capital adequacy standards established by the federal banking agencies
CET1 | Common Equity Tier 1
CIT | Collective Investment Trust
Company | M&T Bank Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries
DUS | Delegated Underwriting and Servicing
Executive ALCO Committee | Executive Asset-Liability Liquidity Capital Committee of M&T
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve | Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank
FOMC | Federal Open Market Committee
FRB | Federal Reserve Bank
GAAP | Accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.
GDP | Gross Domestic Product
Junior subordinated debentures | Fixed and variable rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
LTV | Loan-to-value
M&T | M&T Bank Corporation
M&T Bank | Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company
People’s United | People’s United Financial, Inc.
RWA | Risk-weighted assets
SCB | Stress capital buffer
SOFR | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
U.S. | United States of America

- 3 -

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 1,731 |
Interest-bearing deposits at banks | 24,792 |  |  | 28,069 |
Trading account | 99 |  |  | 106 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
Available for sale (cost: $14,131 at June 30, 2024; $10,691 at December 31, 2023) | 13,892 |  |  | 10,440 |
Held to maturity (fair value: $13,509 at June 30, 2024; $14,308 at December 31, 2023) | 14,793 |  |  | 15,330 |
Equity and other securities (cost: $1,201 at June 30, 2024; $1,125 at December 31, 2023) | 1,209 |  |  | 1,127 |
Total investment securities | 29,894 |  |  | 26,897 |
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount of $990 at June 30, 2024 and $868 at December 31, 2023 | 135,002 |  |  | 134,068 |
Allowance for credit losses | (2,204) |  |  | (2,129) |
Loans and leases, net | 132,798 |  |  | 131,939 |
Premises and equipment | 1,719 |  |  | 1,739 |
Goodwill | 8,465 |  |  | 8,465 |
Core deposit and other intangible assets | 119 |  |  | 147 |
Accrued interest and other assets | 9,191 |  |  | 9,171 |
Total assets | $ | 208,855 |  |  | $ | 208,264 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 47,729 |  |  | $ | 49,294 |
Savings and interest-checking deposits | 94,668 |  |  | 93,221 |
Time deposits | 17,513 |  |  | 20,759 |
Total deposits | 159,910 |  |  | 163,274 |
Short-term borrowings | 4,764 |  |  | 5,316 |
Accrued interest and other liabilities | 4,438 |  |  | 4,516 |
Long-term borrowings | 11,319 |  |  | 8,201 |
Total liabilities | 180,431 |  |  | 181,307 |
Shareholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $1.00 par, 20,000,000 shares authorized; Issued and outstanding: Liquidation preference of $1,000 per share: 350,000 shares at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; Liquidation preference of $10,000 per share: 215,000 shares at June 30, 2024 and 140,000 shares at December 31, 2023; Liquidation preference of $25 per share; 10,000,000 shares at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 2,744 |  |  | 2,011 |
Common stock, $0.50 par, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 179,436,779 shares issued at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 90 |  |  | 90 |
Common stock issuable, 11,560 shares at June 30, 2024; 12,217 shares at December 31, 2023 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital | 9,976 |  |  | 10,020 |
Retained earnings | 18,211 |  |  | 17,524 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net | (551) |  |  | (459) |
Treasury stock — common, at cost — 12,223,276 shares at June 30, 2024; 13,300,298 shares at December 31, 2023 | (2,047) |  |  | (2,230) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 28,424 |  |  | 26,957 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 208,855 |  |  | $ | 208,264 |

See accompanying notes to financial statements.
- 4 -

M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share, shares in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases, including fees | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | 4,225 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully taxable | 244 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 381 |
Exempt from federal taxes | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 33 |
Deposits at banks | 400 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 819 |  |  | 579 |
Other | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total interest income | 2,789 |  |  | 2,516 |  |  | 5,534 |  |  | 4,843 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-checking deposits | 618 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 1,233 |  |  | 646 |
Time deposits | 217 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 239 |
Short-term borrowings | 69 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 154 |
Long-term borrowings | 167 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 187 |
Total interest expense | 1,071 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | 1,226 |
Net interest income | 1,718 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | 3,398 |  |  | 3,617 |
Provision for credit losses | 150 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 270 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 1,568 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | 3,048 |  |  | 3,347 |
Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking revenues | 106 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 192 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 127 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 232 |
Trust income | 170 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 366 |
Brokerage services income | 30 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 49 |
Trading account and other non-hedging derivative gains | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 28 |
Gain (loss) on bank investment securities | (8) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1 |
Other revenues from operations | 152 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 522 |
Total other income | 584 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 1,164 |  |  | 1,390 |
Other expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 764 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 1,597 |  |  | 1,546 |
Equipment and net occupancy | 125 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 256 |
Outside data processing and software | 124 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 212 |
Professional and other services | 91 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 225 |
FDIC assessments | 37 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 58 |
Advertising and marketing | 27 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 59 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 32 |
Other costs of operations | 116 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 264 |
Total other expense | 1,297 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 2,693 |  |  | 2,652 |
Income before taxes | 855 |  |  | 1,159 |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | 2,085 |
Income taxes | 200 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 516 |
Net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,516 |
Diluted | 626 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 1,516 |
Net income per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 3.75 |  |  | 5.07 |  |  | 6.79 |  |  | 9.09 |
Diluted | 3.73 |  |  | 5.05 |  |  | 6.76 |  |  | 9.06 |
Average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 166,951 |  | 165,842 |  | 166,705 |  | 166,782
Diluted | 167,659 |  | 166,320 |  | 167,372 |  | 167,359

See accompanying notes to financial statements.
- 5 -

M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax and reclassification adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities | 18 |  |  | (64) |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |
Cash flow hedges adjustments | 22 |  |  | (156) |  |  | (95) |  |  | (75) |
Defined benefit plans liability adjustments | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Other | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 2 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 38 |  |  | (220) |  |  | (92) |  |  | (75) |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 647 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | 1,494 |

See accompanying notes to financial statements.
- 6 -

M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | 350 |  |  | 270 |
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment | 159 |  |  | 149 |
Amortization of capitalized servicing rights | 70 |  |  | 57 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets | 28 |  |  | 32 |
Provision for deferred income taxes | (14) |  |  | (7) |
Asset write-downs | 6 |  |  | 1 |
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets | 3 |  |  | (234) |
Net change in accrued interest receivable, payable | — |  |  | 259 |
Net change in other accrued income and expense | 51 |  |  | (72) |
Net change in loans originated for sale | 11 |  |  | (340) |
Net change in trading account and other non-hedging derivative assets and liabilities | 112 |  |  | 1 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,962 |  |  | 1,685 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities: |  |  |
Available for sale | 58 |  |  | — |
Equity and other securities | 223 |  |  | 614 |
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities: |  |  |
Available for sale | 3,522 |  |  | 298 |
Held to maturity | 547 |  |  | 571 |
Purchases of investment securities: |  |  |
Available for sale | (7,200) |  |  | (344) |
Held to maturity | — |  |  | (2,948) |
Equity and other securities | (294) |  |  | (873) |
Net increase in loans and leases | (1,258) |  |  | (1,645) |
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits at banks | 3,277 |  |  | (2,148) |
Capital expenditures, net | (101) |  |  | (101) |
Net decrease in loan servicing advances | 153 |  |  | 286 |
Other, net | (384) |  |  | (360) |
Net cash used by investing activities | (1,457) |  |  | (6,650) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Net decrease in deposits | (3,366) |  |  | (1,455) |
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | (552) |  |  | 4,353 |
Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 3,357 |  |  | 3,486 |
Payments on long-term borrowings | (162) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of Series J preferred stock | 733 |  |  | — |
Purchases of treasury stock | — |  |  | (594) |
Dividends paid — common | (446) |  |  | (436) |
Dividends paid — preferred | (58) |  |  | (50) |
Other, net | 36 |  |  | (11) |
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities | (458) |  |  | 5,293 |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 47 |  |  | 328 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 1,731 |  |  | 1,520 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 1,848 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |
Interest received during the period | $ | 5,547 |  |  | $ | 4,814 |
Interest paid during the period | 2,115 |  |  | 923 |
Income taxes paid during the period | 106 |  |  | 329 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities |  |  |
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans | 23 |  |  | 12 |
Additions to right-of-use assets under operating leases | 43 |  |  | 69 |

See accompanying notes to financial statements.
- 7 -

M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share) | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Common Stock Issuable |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance — April 1, 2024 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9,976 |  |  | $ | 17,812 |  |  | $ | (589) |  |  | $ | (2,132) |  |  | $ | 27,169 |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 655 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 693 |
Issuance of Series J preferred stock | 733 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 733 |
Preferred stock cash dividends (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27) |
Stock-based compensation transactions, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 84 |
Common stock cash dividends — $1.35 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (228) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (228) |
Balance — June 30, 2024 | $ | 2,744 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9,976 |  |  | $ | 18,211 |  |  | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | (2,047) |  |  | $ | 28,424 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance — January 1, 2024 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10,020 |  |  | $ | 17,524 |  |  | $ | (459) |  |  | $ | (2,230) |  |  | $ | 26,957 |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | (92) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,094 |
Issuance of Series J preferred stock | 733 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 733 |
Preferred stock cash dividends (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (52) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (52) |
Stock-based compensation transactions, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | 138 |
Common stock cash dividends — $2.65 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (446) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (446) |
Balance — June 30, 2024 | $ | 2,744 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9,976 |  |  | $ | 18,211 |  |  | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | (2,047) |  |  | $ | 28,424 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance — April 1, 2023 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9,986 |  |  | $ | 16,212 |  |  | $ | (645) |  |  | $ | (2,278) |  |  | $ | 25,377 |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 867 |  |  | (220) |  |  | — |  |  | 647 |
Preferred stock cash dividends (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |
Stock-based compensation transactions, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 19 |
Common stock cash dividends — $1.30 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (217) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (217) |
Balance — June 30, 2023 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 16,837 |  |  | $ | (865) |  |  | $ | (2,273) |  |  | $ | 25,801 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance — January 1, 2023 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10,002 |  |  | $ | 15,754 |  |  | $ | (790) |  |  | $ | (1,750) |  |  | $ | 25,318 |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | (75) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,494 |
Preferred stock cash dividends (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |
Purchases of treasury stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (600) |  |  | (600) |
Stock-based compensation transactions, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 74 |
Common stock cash dividends — $2.60 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (435) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (435) |
Balance — June 30, 2023 | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 16,837 |  |  | $ | (865) |  |  | $ | (2,273) |  |  | $ | 25,801 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)For the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, dividends per share for Preferred Series E were $22.95 and $39.075, respectively. For the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 dividends per share for Preferred Series E were $16.125 and $32.25, respectively. For the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, dividends per preferred share were: Preferred Series F - $128.125 and $256.25, respectively; Preferred Series G - $125.00 and $250.00, respectively; Preferred Series H - $0.3516 and $0.7031, respectively; and Preferred Series I - $87.50 and $175.00, respectively.
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
- 8 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Significant accounting policies
The consolidated interim financial statements of the Company were compiled in accordance with GAAP using the accounting policies set forth in note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements included in M&T's 2023 Annual Report, except as described in the following table. The financial statements contain all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented.
Recent accounting developments

| Standard |  |  | Description |  |  | Required date of adoption |  |  | Effect on consolidated financial statements |
| Standards Adopted in 2024 |
| Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method |  |  | The amendments permit an election to account for tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial cost of the investment is amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received and the net amortization and income tax credits and other income tax benefits are recognized in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). |  |  | January 1, 2024 |  |  | As described in note 12, the Company adopted the amended guidance effective January 1, 2024 using a modified retrospective transition. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |

2. Divestiture
On April 29, 2023, the Company sold its CIT business to a private equity firm. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $225 million ($157 million after-tax effect) that has been included in "other revenues from operations" in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023. Prior to the sale, the CIT business contributed $15 million and $60 million to trust income in the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively. After considering expenses, the results of operations from the CIT business were not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations in those periods.
- 9 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
3. Investment securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities were as follows:

(Dollars in millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | $ | 7,819 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 7,736 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 2,101 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 2,089 |
Residential | 4,108 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 3,966 |
Other debt securities | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 101 |
| 14,131 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 13,892 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | 1,010 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 980 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |  |  | 2,306 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 2,037 |  |  | — |  |  | 157 |  |  | 1,880 |
Residential | 9,272 |  |  | — |  |  | 972 |  |  | 8,300 |
Privately issued | 40 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 42 |
Other debt securities | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
| 14,793 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,291 |  |  | 13,509 |
Total debt securities | $ | 28,924 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | $ | 27,401 |
Equity and other securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Readily marketable equity — at fair value | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 280 |
Other — at cost | 929 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 929 |
Total equity and other securities | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,209 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | $ | 7,818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 7,705 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 425 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 416 |
Residential | 2,272 |  |  | — |  |  | 118 |  |  | 2,154 |
Other debt securities | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 165 |
| 10,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 251 |  |  | 10,440 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | 1,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 974 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 2,434 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 2,033 |  |  | — |  |  | 130 |  |  | 1,903 |
Residential | 9,747 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 8,949 |
Privately issued | 42 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 46 |
Other debt securities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
| 15,330 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 14,308 |
Total debt securities | $ | 26,021 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 1,286 |  |  | $ | 24,748 |
Equity and other securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Readily marketable equity — at fair value | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 268 |
Other — at cost | 859 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 859 |
Total equity and other securities | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,127 |

- 10 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
3. Investment securities, continued
Gross realized losses from sales of investment securities totaled $13 million for each of the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024. There were no significant gross realized gains recognized for those same 2024 periods. There were no significant gross realized gains or losses from sales of investment securities for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023. Unrealized losses on equity securities are included in "gain (loss) on bank investment securities" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
At June 30, 2024, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity were as follows:

(Dollars in millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 3,133 |  |  | $ | 3,093 |
Due after one year through five years | 4,789 |  |  | 4,744 |
Due after five years through ten years | — |  |  | — |
Due after ten years | — |  |  | — |
| 7,922 |  |  | 7,837 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 6,209 |  |  | 6,055 |
| $ | 14,131 |  |  | $ | 13,892 |
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 579 |
Due after one year through five years | 653 |  |  | 628 |
Due after five years through ten years | 1,392 |  |  | 1,332 |
Due after ten years | 811 |  |  | 748 |
| 3,444 |  |  | 3,287 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 11,349 |  |  | 10,222 |
| $ | 14,793 |  |  | $ | 13,509 |

- 11 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
3. Investment securities, continued
A summary of investment securities that as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and those that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer follows:

| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More
(Dollars in millions) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | $ | 2,586 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 4,400 |  |  | $ | 70 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 1,061 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 6 |
Residential | 1,129 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | 137 |
Other debt securities | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 2 |
| 4,786 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 6,655 |  |  | 215 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | — |  |  | — |  |  | 980 |  |  | 30 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 45 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,214 |  |  | 126 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | 157 |
Residential | 790 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 7,510 |  |  | 959 |
Privately issued | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 5 |
| 835 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 12,615 |  |  | 1,277 |
Total | $ | 5,621 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 19,270 |  |  | $ | 1,492 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 7,474 |  |  | $ | 112 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 74 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 8 |
Residential | 151 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,959 |  |  | 116 |
Other debt securities | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 154 |  |  | 11 |
| 460 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9,917 |  |  | 247 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 924 |  |  | 31 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 218 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2,172 |  |  | 64 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 328 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  | 121 |
Residential | 955 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 7,139 |  |  | 791 |
Privately issued | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 5 |
| 1,551 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 11,844 |  |  | 1,012 |
Total | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 21,761 |  |  | $ | 1,259 |

- 12 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
3. Investment securities, continued
The Company owned 3,996 individual debt securities with aggregate gross unrealized losses of $1.5 billion at June 30, 2024. Based on a review of each of the securities in the investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2024, the Company concluded that it expected to recover the amortized cost basis of its investment. As of June 30, 2024, the Company does not intend to sell, nor is it anticipated that it would be required to sell, any of its impaired investment securities at a loss. At June 30, 2024, the Company has not identified events or changes in circumstances which may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the $929 million of cost method equity securities.
The Company estimated no material allowance for credit losses for its investment securities classified as held-to-maturity at June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, investment securities with carrying values of $7.1 billion (including $311 million related to repurchase transactions) and $8.2 billion (including $393 million related to repurchase transactions), respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings, lines of credit and governmental deposits.
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses
A summary of current, past due and nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 follows:

(Dollars in millions) | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Accruing Loans Past Due 90 Days or More |  | Nonaccrual |  | Total
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 58,982 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | 60,027 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial (a) | 21,913 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 22,766 |
Residential builder and developer | 1,026 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,030 |
Other commercial construction | 5,581 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 5,736 |
Residential (b) | 21,023 |  |  | 709 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 22,151 |
Residential — limited documentation | 762 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 852 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 4,449 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | 4,561 |
Recreational finance | 11,152 |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 11,260 |
Automobile | 4,459 |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 4,523 |
Other | 2,011 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2,096 |
Total | $ | 131,358 |  |  | $ | 1,387 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 2,024 |  |  | $ | 135,002 |
December 31, 2023 |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 56,091 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 57,010 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial (a) | 24,072 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 25,277 |
Residential builder and developer | 1,065 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,073 |
Other commercial construction | 6,322 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 6,653 |
Residential (b) | 21,080 |  |  | 763 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 22,353 |
Residential — limited documentation | 825 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 911 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 4,528 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 4,649 |
Recreational finance | 9,935 |  |  | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | 10,058 |
Automobile | 3,918 |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3,992 |
Other | 2,003 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 2,092 |
Total | $ | 129,839 |  |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  | $ | 134,068 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Commercial real estate loans held for sale were $168 million at June 30, 2024 and $189 million at December 31, 2023.
(b)One-to-four family residential mortgage loans held for sale were $209 million at June 30, 2024 and $190 million at December 31, 2023.
- 13 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
Credit quality indicators
The Company utilizes a loan grading system to differentiate risk amongst its commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans. Loans with a lower expectation of default are assigned one of ten possible “pass” loan grades and are generally ascribed lower loss factors when determining the allowance for credit losses. Loans with an elevated level of credit risk are designated as “criticized” and are ascribed a higher loss factor when determining the allowance for credit losses. Criticized loans may be designated as “nonaccrual” if the Company no longer expects to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days or more.
Line of business personnel in different geographic locations with support from and review by the Company’s credit risk personnel review and reassign loan grades based on their detailed knowledge of individual borrowers and their judgment of the impact on such borrowers resulting from changing conditions in their respective regions. Factors considered in assigning loan grades include borrower-specific information related to expected future cash flows and operating results, collateral values, geographic location, financial condition and performance, payment status, and other information. The Company’s policy is that at least annually, updated financial information be obtained from commercial borrowers associated with pass grade loans and additional analysis performed. On a quarterly basis, the Company’s credit personnel review all criticized commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans greater than $5 million to determine the appropriateness of the assigned loan grade, including whether the loan should be reported as accruing or nonaccruing.
- 14 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
The following table summarizes the loan grades applied at June 30, 2024 to the various classes of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans and gross charge-offs for those types of loans for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 by origination year.

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Total
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  |  |
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 4,226 |  |  | $ | 7,554 |  |  | $ | 7,107 |  |  | $ | 4,199 |  |  | $ | 1,932 |  |  | $ | 6,299 |  |  | $ | 24,139 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 55,529 |
Criticized accrual | 74 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 1,690 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 3,693 |
Criticized nonaccrual | 5 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 805 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 4,305 |  |  | $ | 7,933 |  |  | $ | 7,647 |  |  | $ | 4,500 |  |  | $ | 2,123 |  |  | $ | 7,258 |  |  | $ | 26,130 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 60,027 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 156 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 1,747 |  |  | $ | 1,377 |  |  | $ | 1,178 |  |  | $ | 1,860 |  |  | $ | 10,663 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,559 |
Criticized accrual | — |  |  | 294 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 695 |  |  | 2,333 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,500 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 615 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 707 |
Total commercial real estate | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 2,041 |  |  | $ | 2,125 |  |  | $ | 1,655 |  |  | $ | 2,592 |  |  | $ | 13,611 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,766 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52 |
Residential builder and developer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 884 |
Criticized accrual | 6 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Total residential builder and developer | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,030 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Other commercial construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 1,171 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |  |  | $ | 517 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,533 |
Criticized accrual | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,126 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Total other commercial construction | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,736 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |

The Company considers repayment performance a significant indicator of credit quality for its residential real estate loan and consumer loan portfolios. A summary of loans in accrual and nonaccrual status at June 30, 2024 for the various classes of the Company’s residential real estate loans and consumer loans and gross charge-offs for those types of loans for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 by origination year follows:
- 15 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Total
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  |  |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 971 |  |  | $ | 1,452 |  |  | $ | 4,584 |  |  | $ | 3,639 |  |  | $ | 2,475 |  |  | $ | 7,808 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,023 |
30-89 days past due | 3 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 709 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 160 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 214 |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 205 |
Total residential | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | 4,738 |  |  | $ | 3,746 |  |  | $ | 2,533 |  |  | $ | 8,597 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,151 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Residential - limited documentation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 762 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 762 |
30-89 days past due | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Total residential - limited documentation | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 852 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 2,990 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | 4,449 |
30-89 days past due | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 33 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 79 |
Total home equity lines and loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 2,991 |  |  | $ | 1,460 |  |  | $ | 4,561 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Recreational finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | 2,359 |  |  | $ | 2,126 |  |  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | 1,609 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,152 |
30-89 days past due | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Total recreational finance | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | 2,378 |  |  | $ | 2,145 |  |  | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 1,180 |  |  | $ | 1,641 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,260 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |
Automobile: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,459 |
30-89 days past due | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total automobile | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,523 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 1,390 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |
30-89 days past due | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Nonaccrual | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |
Total other | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 1,463 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,096 |
Gross charge-offs three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |
Gross charge-offs six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |
Total loans and leases at June 30, 2024 | $ | 9,545 |  |  | $ | 16,667 |  |  | $ | 19,766 |  |  | $ | 13,567 |  |  | $ | 9,431 |  |  | $ | 33,184 |  |  | $ | 31,249 |  |  | $ | 1,593 |  |  | $ | 135,002 |
Total gross charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 180 |
Total gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 343 |

- 16 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
The following table summarizes the loan grades applied at December 31, 2023 to the various classes of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans by origination year.

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  |  |  | Total
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 8,689 |  |  | $ | 8,087 |  |  | $ | 4,800 |  |  | $ | 2,248 |  |  | $ | 2,169 |  |  | $ | 4,843 |  |  | $ | 22,345 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 53,251 |
Criticized accrual | 292 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3,089 |
Criticized nonaccrual | 29 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 670 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 9,010 |  |  | $ | 8,434 |  |  | $ | 5,133 |  |  | $ | 2,465 |  |  | $ | 2,332 |  |  | $ | 5,474 |  |  | $ | 24,048 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 57,010 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 2,048 |  |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  | $ | 1,367 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 3,059 |  |  | $ | 8,491 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,158 |
Criticized accrual | 227 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,250 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | 46 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 869 |
Total commercial real estate | $ | 2,275 |  |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 1,835 |  |  | $ | 2,580 |  |  | $ | 4,118 |  |  | $ | 11,340 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,277 |
Residential builder and developer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 530 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 959 |
Criticized accrual | 1 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total residential builder and developer | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,073 |
Other commercial construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 813 |  |  | $ | 1,366 |  |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,066 |
Criticized accrual | 53 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 691 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 326 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,416 |
Criticized nonaccrual | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 171 |
Total other commercial construction | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | 1,771 |  |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,653 |

- 17 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
A summary of loans in accrual and nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023 for the various classes of the Company’s residential real estate loans and consumer loans by origination year follows:

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Total
(Dollars in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  |  |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 1,726 |  |  | $ | 4,709 |  |  | $ | 3,732 |  |  | $ | 2,543 |  |  | $ | 1,215 |  |  | $ | 7,060 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,080 |
30-89 days past due | 18 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 457 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 763 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | 1 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 295 |
Nonaccrual | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 215 |
Total residential | $ | 1,746 |  |  | $ | 4,876 |  |  | $ | 3,858 |  |  | $ | 2,615 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 7,901 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,353 |
Residential - limited documentation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 825 |
30-89 days past due | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Total residential - limited documentation | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 3,022 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |  |  | $ | 4,528 |
30-89 days past due | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 40 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 81 |
Total home equity lines and loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 4,649 |
Recreational finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 2,653 |  |  | $ | 2,338 |  |  | $ | 1,857 |  |  | $ | 1,286 |  |  | $ | 781 |  |  | $ | 1,020 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,935 |
30-89 days past due | 11 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Total recreational finance | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | 2,359 |  |  | $ | 1,884 |  |  | $ | 1,306 |  |  | $ | 797 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,058 |
Automobile: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | 1,047 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,918 |
30-89 days past due | 8 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total automobile | $ | 1,073 |  |  | $ | 1,114 |  |  | $ | 1,067 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,992 |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2,003 |
30-89 days past due | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 30 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Nonaccrual | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Total other | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1,467 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 2,092 |
Total loans and leases at December 31, 2023 | $ | 18,423 |  |  | $ | 21,683 |  |  | $ | 15,025 |  |  | $ | 10,555 |  |  | $ | 10,062 |  |  | $ | 27,464 |  |  | $ | 29,237 |  |  | $ | 1,619 |  |  | $ | 134,068 |

- 18 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
Allowance for credit losses
For purposes of determining the level of the allowance for credit losses, the Company evaluates its loan and lease portfolio by type. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

| Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Commercial |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 635 |  |  | $ | 2,191 |
Provision for credit losses | 176 |  |  | (70) |  |  | (8) |  |  | 52 |  |  | 150 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (78) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (180) |
Recoveries | 8 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 43 |
Net charge-offs | (70) |  |  | (26) |  |  | — |  |  | (41) |  |  | (137) |
Ending balance | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 2,204 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 1,975 |
Provision for credit losses | 12 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 150 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (24) |  |  | (99) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (38) |  |  | (162) |
Recoveries | 16 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 35 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (8) |  |  | (97) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (24) |  |  | (127) |
Ending balance | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |

Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

| Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Commercial |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | 2,129 |
Provision for credit losses | 313 |  |  | (61) |  |  | (6) |  |  | 104 |  |  | 350 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (156) |  |  | (68) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (343) |
Recoveries | 13 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 68 |
Net charge-offs | (143) |  |  | (45) |  |  | — |  |  | (87) |  |  | (275) |
Ending balance | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 2,204 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 1,925 |
Provision for credit losses | 33 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 270 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (44) |  |  | (128) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (82) |  |  | (257) |
Recoveries | 26 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 60 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (18) |  |  | (125) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (197) |
Ending balance | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |

- 19 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
Despite the allocation in the preceding tables, the allowance for credit losses is general in nature and is available to absorb losses from any loan or lease type. In determining the allowance for credit losses, accruing loans with similar risk characteristics are generally evaluated collectively. The Company utilizes statistically developed models to project principal balances over the remaining contractual lives of the loan portfolios and to determine estimated credit losses through a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Individual loan credit quality indicators, including loan grade and borrower repayment performance, can inform the models, which have been statistically developed based on historical correlations of credit losses with prevailing economic metrics, including unemployment, GDP and real estate prices. Model forecasts may be adjusted for inherent limitations or biases that have been identified through independent validation and back-testing of model performance to actual realized results. At each of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company utilized a reasonable and supportable forecast period of two years. Subsequent to this forecast period the Company reverted, ratably over a one-year period, to historical loss experience to inform its estimate of losses for the remaining contractual life of each portfolio.
The Company also estimates losses attributable to specific troubled credits identified through both normal and targeted credit review processes. The amounts of specific loss components in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios are determined through a loan-by-loan analysis of larger balance commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans that are in nonaccrual status. Such loss estimates are typically based on expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors that may impact the borrower’s ability to pay. To the extent that those loans are collateral-dependent, they are evaluated based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral as estimated at or near the financial statement date. As the quality of a loan deteriorates to the point of designating the loan as “criticized,” the process of obtaining updated collateral valuation information is usually initiated, unless it is not considered warranted given factors such as the relative size of the loan, the characteristics of the collateral or the age of the last valuation. In those cases where current appraisals may not yet be available, prior appraisals are utilized with adjustments, as deemed necessary, for estimates of subsequent declines in values as determined by line of business and/or loan workout personnel. Those adjustments are reviewed and assessed for reasonableness by the Company’s credit risk personnel. Accordingly, for real estate collateral securing larger nonaccrual commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans, estimated collateral values are based on current appraisals and estimates of value. For non-real estate loans, collateral is assigned a discounted estimated liquidation value and, depending on the nature of the collateral, is verified through field exams or other procedures. In assessing collateral, real estate and non-real estate values are reduced by an estimate of selling costs.
For residential real estate loans, including home equity loans and lines of credit, the excess of the loan balance over the net realizable value of the property collateralizing the loan is charged-off when the loan becomes 150 days delinquent. That charge-off is based on recent indications of value from external parties that are generally obtained shortly after a loan becomes nonaccrual. Loans to consumers that file for bankruptcy are generally charged-off to estimated net collateral value shortly after the Company is notified of such filings. When evaluating individual home equity loans and lines of credit for charge-off and for purposes of estimating losses in determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company gives consideration to the required repayment of any first lien positions related to collateral property. Other consumer loans are generally charged-off when the loans are 91 to 180 days past due, depending on whether the loan is collateralized and the status of repossession activities with respect to such collateral.
Changes in the amount of the allowance for credit losses reflect the outcome of the procedures described herein, including the impact of changes in macroeconomic forecasts as compared with previous forecasts, as well as the impact of portfolio concentrations, imprecision in economic forecasts, geopolitical conditions and other risk factors that might influence the loss estimation process.
The Company’s reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures was not material at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
- 20 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
Information with respect to loans and leases that were considered nonaccrual at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the interest income recognized on such loans for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 follows:

| Amortized Cost with Allowance |  | Amortized Cost without Allowance |  | Total |  | Amortized Cost |  | Interest Income Recognized
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | January 1, 2024 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | 864 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 315 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 26 |
Residential builder and developer | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other commercial construction | 13 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Residential | 95 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |
Residential — limited documentation | 20 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 37 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Recreational finance | 15 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,056 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 2,024 |  |  | $ | 2,302 |  |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 47 |

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2023 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | January 1, 2023 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial and industrial | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 376 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 1,330 |  |  | 1,240 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9 |
Residential builder and developer | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other commercial construction | 44 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Residential | 91 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9 |
Residential — limited documentation | 28 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 49 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Recreational finance | 23 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | 18 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 51 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 883 |  |  | $ | 1,553 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |  |  | $ | 2,557 |  |  | $ | 2,439 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 30 |

- 21 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
Loan modifications
During the normal course of business, the Company modifies loans to maximize recovery efforts from borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Such loan modifications typically include payment deferrals (predominantly extensions of maturity dates) and interest rate reductions but may also include other modified terms. Those modified loans may be considered nonaccrual if the Company does not expect to collect the contractual cash flows owed under the loan agreement. The tables that follow summarize the Company’s loan modification activities to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Amortized cost at June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions) | Payment Deferral (a) |  | Interest Rate Reduction |  | Other |  | Combination of Modification Types (b) |  | Total (c) (d) |  | Percent of Total Loan Class
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | .11 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |  |  | .74 |
Residential builder and developer | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2.49 |
Other commercial construction | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |  |  | 2.18 |
Residential | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 56 |  |  | .25 |
Residential — limited documentation | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | .26 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 441 |  |  | .33 | %
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | .35 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 373 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 1.66 |
Residential builder and developer | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 2.62 |
Other commercial construction | 197 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 197 |  |  | 3.44 |
Residential | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 101 |  |  | .46 |
Residential — limited documentation | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | .45 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | .03 |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 916 |  |  | .68 | %

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Predominantly extensions of maturity dates.
(b)Predominantly payment deferrals combined with interest rate reductions.
(c)Includes approximately $47 million and $88 million of loans guaranteed by government-related entities (predominantly first lien residential mortgage loans) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
(d)Excludes unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $1 million and $27 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
- 22 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued

| Amortized cost at June 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Payment Deferral (a) |  | Interest Rate Reduction |  | Other |  | Combination of Modification Types (b) |  | Total (c) (d) |  | Percent of Total Loan Class at Period End
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | .05 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 60 |  |  | .22 |
Residential builder and developer | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 7.49 |
Other commercial construction | 124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 1.95 |
Residential | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 39 |  |  | .17 |
Residential — limited documentation | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | .38 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | .02 |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | .26 | %
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | .17 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 142 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 150 |  |  | .56 |
Residential builder and developer | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | 7.99 |
Other commercial construction | 215 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 3.29 |
Residential | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 72 |  |  | .32 |
Residential — limited documentation | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | .90 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | .02 |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | .01 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 641 |  |  | .48 | %

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Predominantly extensions of maturity dates.
(b)Predominantly payment deferrals combined with interest rate reductions.
(c)Includes approximately $25 million and $48 million of loans guaranteed by government-related entities (predominantly first lien residential mortgage loans) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
(d)Excludes unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $78 million and $82 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
The financial effects of the modifications for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 include an increase in the weighted-average remaining term for commercial and industrial loans of 0.7 years and 0.8 years, respectively, for commercial real estate loans, inclusive of residential builder and development loans and other commercial construction loans, of 0.6 years and 0.8 years, respectively, and for residential real estate loans, of 8.9 years and 10.2 years, respectively.
- 23 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
The financial effects of the modifications for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 include an increase in the weighted-average remaining term for commercial and industrial loans of 1.3 years for each period, for commercial real estate loans, inclusive of residential builder and development loans and other commercial construction loans, of 1.0 years and 1.1 years, respectively, and for residential real estate loans, of 8.6 years and 8.9 years, respectively.
Modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are subject to the allowance for credit losses methodology described herein, including the use of models to inform credit loss estimates and, to the extent larger balance commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans are in nonaccrual status, a loan-by-loan analysis of expected credit losses on those individual loans. The following table summarizes the payment status, at June 30, 2024, of loans that were modified during the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2024.

| Payment status at June 30, 2024 (amortized cost)
(Dollars in millions) | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Past Due 90 Days or More (a) |  | Total
Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 294 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 312 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 545 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 601 |
Residential builder and developer | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Other commercial construction | 344 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |
Residential (b) | 104 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 187 |
Residential — limited documentation | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a) Predominantly loan modifications with payment deferrals.
(b)Includes loans guaranteed by government-related entities classified as 30 to 89 days past due of $45 million and as past due 90 days or more of $27 million.
- 24 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses, continued
The following table summarizes the payment status, at June 30, 2023, of loans that were modified during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023.

| Payment status at June 30, 2023 (amortized cost)
(Dollars in millions) | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Past Due 90 Days or More (a) |  | Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |
Residential builder and developer | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |
Other commercial construction | 223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |
Residential (b) | 53 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 72 |
Residential — limited documentation | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Recreational finance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 641 |

___________________________________________________________
(a) Predominantly loan modifications with payment deferrals.
(b)Includes loans guaranteed by government-related entities classified as 30 to 89 days past due of $11 million and as past due 90 days or more of $4 million.
The amount of foreclosed property held by the Company, predominantly consisting of residential real estate, was $33 million and $39 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. There were $165 million and $170 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of loans secured by residential real estate that were in the process of foreclosure. Of all loans in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2024, approximately 39% were government guaranteed.
At June 30, 2024, approximately $19.1 billion of commercial and industrial loans, including leases, $15.8 billion of commercial real estate loans, $18.6 billion of one-to-four family residential real estate loans, $2.6 billion of home equity loans and lines of credit and $10.3 billion of other consumer loans were pledged to secure outstanding borrowings and available lines of credit from the FHLB and the FRB of New York. At December 31, 2023, approximately $13.4 billion of commercial and industrial loans, including leases, $16.4 billion of commercial real estate loans, $18.8 billion of one-to-four family residential real estate loans, $2.6 billion of home equity loans and lines of credit and $11.0 billion of other consumer loans were pledged to secure outstanding borrowings and available lines of credit from the FHLB and the FRB of New York as described in note 5.
- 25 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
5. Borrowings

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Short-term borrowings |  |  |
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 316 |
FHLB advances | 4,500 |  |  | 5,000 |
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 4,764 |  |  | $ | 5,316 |
Long-term borrowings |  |  |
Senior notes — M&T | $ | 3,256 |  |  | $ | 2,482 |
Senior notes — M&T Bank | 3,743 |  |  | 3,741 |
FHLB advances | 2,005 |  |  | 5 |
Subordinated notes — M&T | 75 |  |  | 76 |
Subordinated notes — M&T Bank | 867 |  |  | 873 |
Junior subordinated debentures — M&T | 541 |  |  | 540 |
Asset-backed notes | 822 |  |  | 474 |
Other | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Total long-term borrowings | $ | 11,319 |  |  | $ | 8,201 |

In February 2024, M&T Bank advanced $2.0 billion from the FHLB of New York which matures in February 2025 at a variable rate of SOFR plus 25 basis points payable quarterly until maturity. In March 2024, M&T issued $850 million of senior notes that mature in March 2032 and pay a 6.082% fixed rate semi-annually until March 2031 after which SOFR plus 2.26% will be paid quarterly until maturity. Also in March 2024, M&T Bank issued asset-backed notes secured by automobile loans. A total of $511 million of such notes were purchased by third parties. Those asset-backed notes had a weighted-average estimated life of approximately two years and a weighted-average interest rate of 5.29% at the time of securitization. Further information about this financing transaction is provided in note 12.
M&T Bank had secured borrowing facilities available with the FHLB of New York and the FRB of New York totaling approximately $15.2 billion and $21.5 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2024. M&T Bank is required to pledge loans and investment securities as collateral for these borrowing facilities and could increase the availability under such facilities by pledging additional assets.
6. Shareholders' equity
M&T is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a $1.00 par value per share. Preferred shares outstanding rank senior to common shares both as to dividends and liquidation preference, but have no general voting rights. On May 13, 2024, M&T issued 75,000 shares of Perpetual 7.5% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share. On July 10, 2024, M&T announced its intention to redeem all outstanding shares of its Perpetual Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, on August 15, 2024. Issued and outstanding preferred stock of M&T as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is presented in the following table.
- 26 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
6. Shareholders' equity, continued

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Shares Issued and Outstanding |  | Carrying Value |  | Shares Issued and Outstanding |  | Carrying Value
Series E (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $1,000 liquidation preference per share | 350,000 |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | 350,000 |  |  | $ | 350 |
Series F (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $10,000 liquidation preference per share | 50,000 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 500 |
Series G (c) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $10,000 liquidation preference per share | 40,000 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 40,000 |  |  | 400 |
Series H (d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $25 liquidation preference per share | 10,000,000 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 10,000,000 |  |  | 261 |
Series I (e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $10,000 liquidation preference per share | 50,000 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 500 |
Series J (f) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock $10,000 liquidation preference per share | 75,000 |  |  | 733 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Dividends, if declared, were paid semi-annually at a rate of 6.45% through February 14, 2024 and thereafter are paid quarterly at a rate of the three-month SOFR plus 387 basis points. On July 10, 2024, M&T announced its intention to redeem all outstanding shares of the Series E Preferred Stock on August 15, 2024.
(b)Dividends, if declared, are paid semi-annually at a rate of 5.125% through October 31, 2026 and thereafter will be paid quarterly at a rate of the three-month SOFR plus 378 basis points. The shares are redeemable in whole or in part on or after November 1, 2026. Notwithstanding M&T’s option to redeem the shares, if an event occurs such that the shares no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, M&T may redeem all of the shares within 90 days following that occurrence.
(c)Dividends, if declared, are paid semi-annually at a rate of 5.0% through July 31, 2024. On August 1, 2024 the dividend rate reset at 7.246% and will reset at each subsequent five year anniversary date therefrom at a rate of the five-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 3.174%. The shares are redeemable in whole or in part on or after August 1, 2024. Notwithstanding M&T’s option to redeem the shares, if an event occurs such that the shares no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, M&T may redeem all of the shares within 90 days following that occurrence.
(d)Dividends, if declared, are paid quarterly at a rate of 5.625% through December 14, 2026 and thereafter will be paid quarterly at a rate of the three-month SOFR rate plus 428 basis points. The shares are redeemable in whole or in part on or after April 1, 2027. Notwithstanding M&T's option to redeem the shares, if an event occurs such that the shares no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, M&T may redeem all of the shares within 90 days following that occurrence.
(e)Dividends, if declared, are paid semi-annually at a rate of 3.5% through August 31, 2026. On September 1, 2026 and at each subsequent five year anniversary date therefrom the dividend rate will reset at a rate of the five-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.679%. The shares are redeemable in whole or in part on or after September 1, 2026. Notwithstanding M&T’s option to redeem the shares, if an event occurs such that the shares no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, M&T may redeem all of the shares within 90 days following that occurrence.
(f)Dividends, if declared, are paid quarterly at a rate of 7.5%. The shares are redeemable in whole or in part on or after June 15, 2029. Notwithstanding M&T’s option to redeem the shares, if an event occurs such that the shares no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, M&T may redeem all of the shares within 90 days following that occurrence.
7. Revenue from contracts with customers
The Company generally charges customer accounts or otherwise bills customers upon completion of its services. Typically, the Company’s contracts with customers have a duration of one year or less and payment for services is received at least annually, but oftentimes more frequently as services are provided. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $67 million and $68 million, respectively, of amounts receivable related to recognized revenue from the sources in the accompanying tables. Such amounts are classified in "accrued interest and other assets" in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. In certain situations, the Company is paid in advance of providing services and defers the recognition of revenue until its service obligation is satisfied. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had deferred revenue of $51 million and $54 million, respectively, related to the sources in the accompanying tables recorded in "accrued interest and other liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
- 27 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
7. Revenue from contracts with customers, continued
The following tables summarize sources of the Company’s noninterest income during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 that are subject to the revenue recognition accounting guidance.

(Dollars in millions) | Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Institutional Services and Wealth Management |  | Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
Classification in Consolidated Statement of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 127 |
Trust income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | 170 |
Brokerage services income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 30 |
Other revenues from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchant discount and credit card interchange fees | 19 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |
Other | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18 |
| $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 388 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Classification in Consolidated Statement of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 119 |
Trust income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 171 |  |  | 172 |
Brokerage services income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 25 |
Other revenues from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchant discount and credit card interchange fees | 19 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Other | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18 |
| $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 376 |

(Dollars in millions) | Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Institutional Services and Wealth Management |  | Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
Classification in Consolidated Statement of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 251 |
Trust income | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 328 |  |  | 330 |
Brokerage services income | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | 59 |
Other revenues from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchant discount and credit card interchange fees | 36 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Other | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 35 |
| $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 755 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Classification in Consolidated Statement of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 232 |
Trust income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 365 |  |  | 366 |
Brokerage services income | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |
Other revenues from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchant discount and credit card interchange fees | 36 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Other | 13 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 33 |
| $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 759 |

- 28 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
8. Pension plans and other postretirement benefits
The Company provides defined pension and other postretirement benefits (including health care and life insurance benefits) to qualified retired employees. Net periodic benefit for defined benefit plans consisted of the following:

| Pension Benefits |  | Other Postretirement Benefits
| Three Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Service cost | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation | 29 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expected return on plan assets | (50) |  |  | (50) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Amortization of net actuarial gain | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

| Pension Benefits |  | Other Postretirement Benefits
| Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Service cost | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation | 58 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Expected return on plan assets | (101) |  |  | (101) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Amortization of net actuarial gain | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Net periodic benefit | $ | (39) |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Service cost is reflected in "salaries and employee benefits" and the other components of net periodic benefit cost are reflected in "other costs of operations" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Expenses incurred in connection with the Company's defined contribution pension and retirement savings plans totaled $40 million and $36 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $85 million and $80 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
- 29 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
9. Earnings per common share
The computations of basic earnings per common share follow:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share, shares in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Income available to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |
Less: Preferred stock dividends | (27) |  |  | (25) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (50) |
Net income available to common equity | 628 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | 1,519 |
Less: Income attributable to unvested stock-based compensation awards | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,516 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares outstanding (including common stock issuable) and unvested stock-based compensation awards | 167,282 |  |  | 166,152 |  | 167,010 |  |  | 167,076
Less: Unvested stock-based compensation awards | (331) |  |  | (310) |  | (305) |  |  | (294)
Weighted-average shares outstanding | 166,951 |  | 165,842 |  | 166,705 |  | 166,782
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 5.07 |  |  | $ | 6.79 |  |  | $ | 9.09 |

The computations of diluted earnings per common share follow:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share, shares in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income available to common equity | $ | 628 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,519 |
Less: Income attributable to unvested stock-based compensation awards | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,516 |
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares outstanding (including common stock issuable) and unvested stock-based compensation awards | 167,282 |  |  | 166,152 |  | 167,010 |  |  | 167,076
Less: Unvested stock-based compensation awards | (331) |  |  | (310) |  | (305) |  |  | (294)
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of stock-based compensation awards | 708 |  |  | 478 |  | 667 |  |  | 577
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding | 167,659 |  | 166,320 |  | 167,372 |  | 167,359
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.73 |  |  | $ | 5.05 |  |  | $ | 6.76 |  |  | $ | 9.06 |

GAAP defines unvested share-based awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) as participating securities that shall be included in the computation of earnings per common share pursuant to the two-class method. The Company has issued stock-based compensation awards in the form of restricted stock and restricted stock units which, in accordance with GAAP, are considered participating securities.
Stock-based compensation awards to purchase common stock of M&T representing 1,213,284 common shares and 1,270,737 common shares during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 2,284,597 and 1,828,360 common shares during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively, were not included in the computations of diluted earnings per common share because the effect on those periods would have been antidilutive.
- 30 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
10. Comprehensive income
The following tables display the components of other comprehensive income (loss) and amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income:

(Dollars in millions) | Investment Securities |  | Cash Flow Hedges |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Other |  | Total Amount Before Tax |  | Income Tax |  | Net
Balance — January 1, 2024 | $ | (251) |  |  | $ | (203) |  |  | $ | (155) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (616) |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | (459) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses, net | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges | — |  |  | (313) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (313) |  |  | 78 |  |  | (235) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (1) |  |  | (313) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (316) |  |  | 78 |  |  | (238) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that (increase) decrease net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net losses realized in net income | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 9 |
Net yield adjustment from cash flow hedges currently in effect | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  | (a) | (46) |  |  | 140 |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  | (b) | — |  |  | (1) |
Amortization of actuarial gains | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  | (b) | — |  |  | (2) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 12 |  |  | (127) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (120) |  |  | 28 |  |  | (92) |
Balance — June 30, 2024 | $ | (239) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (736) |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | (551) |
Balance — January 1, 2023 | $ | (444) |  |  | $ | (336) |  |  | $ | (273) |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (1,066) |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | (790) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains, net | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges | — |  |  | (208) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (208) |  |  | 51 |  |  | (157) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 3 |  |  | (208) |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | (201) |  |  | 48 |  |  | (153) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that (increase) decrease net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net yield adjustment from cash flow hedges currently in effect | — |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |  | (a) | (27) |  |  | 81 |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  | (b) | — |  |  | (1) |
Amortization of actuarial gains | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  | (b) | — |  |  | (2) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 3 |  |  | (100) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (96) |  |  | 21 |  |  | (75) |
Balance — June 30, 2023 | $ | (441) |  |  | $ | (436) |  |  | $ | (276) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (1,162) |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | (865) |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Included in "interest income" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(b)Included in "other costs of operations" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net consisted of the following:

(Dollars in millions) | Investment Securities |  | Cash Flow Hedges |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Other |  | Total
Balance — December 31, 2023 | $ | (187) |  |  | $ | (151) |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | (459) |
Net gain (loss) during period | 8 |  |  | (95) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (92) |
Balance — June 30, 2024 | $ | (179) |  |  | $ | (246) |  |  | $ | (118) |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (551) |

- 31 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
11. Derivative financial instruments
As part of managing interest rate risk, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Company designates interest rate swap agreements utilized in the management of interest rate risk as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. Interest rate swap agreements are generally entered into with counterparties that meet established credit standards and most contain master netting, collateral and/or settlement provisions protecting the at-risk party. Based on adherence to the Company’s credit standards and the presence of the netting, collateral or settlement provisions, the Company believes that the credit risk inherent in these contracts was not material as of June 30, 2024. Information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes summarized by type of financial instrument the swap agreements were intended to hedge follows:

| Notional Amount |  | Weighted-Average Maturity (In years) |  | Weighted- Average Rate |  | Estimated Fair Value Gain (Loss) (a)
(Dollars in millions) |  |  | Fixed |  | Variable |
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (b) (c) | $ | 3,850 |  |  | 5.6 |  | 3.48 | % |  | 5.53 | % |  | $ | (9) |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest payments on variable rate commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans (b) (d) | 25,905 |  |  | 1.7 |  | 3.41 |  |  | 5.33 |  |  | (1) |
Total | $ | 29,755 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (10) |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (b) (e) | $ | 3,000 |  |  | 5.8 |  | 3.45 | % |  | 5.62 | % |  | $ | (1) |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest payments on variable rate commercial real estate loans (b) (f) | 23,977 |  |  | 1.7 |  | 3.45 |  |  | 5.36 |  |  | 11 |
Total | $ | 26,977 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Certain clearinghouse exchanges consider payments by counterparties for variation margin on derivative instruments to be settlements of those positions. The impact of such payments for interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges was a net settlement of losses of $113 million at June 30, 2024 and $43 million at December 31, 2023. The impact of such payments on interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges was a net settlement of losses of $329 million at June 30, 2024 and $214 million at December 31, 2023.
(b)Under the terms of these agreements, the Company receives settlement amounts at a fixed rate and pays at a variable rate.
(c)Includes notional amount and terms of $1.9 billion of forward-starting interest rate swap agreements that become effective in 2025.
(d)Includes notional amount and terms of $7.5 billion of forward-starting interest rate swap agreements that become effective in 2024 and 2025.
(e)Includes notional amount and terms of $1.0 billion of forward-starting interest rate swap agreements that become effective in 2025.
(f)Includes notional amount and terms of $9.0 billion of forward-starting interest rate swap agreements that become effective in 2024.
The Company utilizes commitments to sell residential and commercial real estate loans to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments have generally been designated as fair value hedges. The Company also utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to offset the exposure to changes in the fair value of certain commitments to originate real estate loans for sale. Changes in unrealized gains and losses as a result of those activities were not material in each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Such changes are included in mortgage banking revenues and, in general are realized in subsequent periods as the related loans are sold and commitments satisfied.
Other derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments included interest rate contracts, foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts. Interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments had notional values of $43.2 billion and $44.4 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The notional amounts of foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts not designated as hedging instruments aggregated $1.5 billion at each of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
- 32 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
11. Derivative financial instruments, continued
Information about the fair values of derivative instruments in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income follows:

| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Fair Value |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Derivatives designated and qualifying as hedging instruments (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Commitments to sell real estate loans | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |
| 3 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |
Derivatives not designated and qualifying as hedging instruments (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-related commitments to originate real estate loans for sale | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 32 |
Commitments to sell real estate loans | 32 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |
| 47 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts (b) | 232 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 879 |
Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts | 13 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 19 |
| 245 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 898 |
Total derivatives | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 943 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Asset derivatives are reported in "accrued interest and other assets" and liability derivatives are reported in "accrued interest and other liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(b)The impact of variation margin payments at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was a reduction of the estimated fair value of interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments in an asset position of $861 million and $783 million, respectively, as of each period end, and in a liability position of $16 million and $32 million, respectively.

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Derivative |  | Hedged Item |  | Derivative |  | Hedged Item
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (a) | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | (46) |  |  | $ | 47 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts (b) | $ | 3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  |
Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts (b) | 4 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Total | $ | 7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  |

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Derivative |  | Hedged Item |  | Derivative |  | Hedged Item
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (a) | $ | (78) |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | 35 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts (b) | $ | 6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  |
Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts (b) | 8 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |
Total | $ | 14 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Reported as an adjustment to "interest expense" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(b)Reported as "trading account and other non-hedging derivative gains" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
- 33 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
11. Derivative financial instruments, continued

| Carrying Amount of the Hedged Item |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Increasing (Decreasing) the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Item
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Location in the Consolidated Balance Sheet of the Hedged Items in Fair Value Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term borrowings | $ | 3,723 |  |  | $ | 2,954 |  |  | $ | (122) |  |  | $ | (44) |

The net effect of interest rate swap agreements was to decrease net interest income by $113 million and $213 million during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and to decrease net interest income by $63 million and $132 million during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The amount of interest income recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income associated with derivatives designated as cash flow hedges was a decrease of $99 million and $49 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a decrease of $186 million and $108 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 the unrealized net loss recognized in other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges was $330 million, of which losses of $189 million, $148 million and gains of $7 million relate to interest rate swap agreements maturing in 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively.
The Company does not offset derivative asset and liability positions in its consolidated financial statements. The Company’s exposure to credit risk by entering into derivative contracts is mitigated through master netting agreements and collateral posting or settlement requirements. Master netting agreements covering interest rate and foreign exchange contracts with the same party include a right to set-off that becomes enforceable in the event of default, early termination or under other specific conditions.
The aggregate fair value of derivative financial instruments in a liability position, which are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and the related collateral posted, was not material at each of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Certain of the Company’s derivative financial instruments contain provisions that require the Company to maintain specific credit ratings from credit rating agencies to avoid higher collateral posting requirements. If the Company’s debt ratings were to fall below specified ratings, the counterparties of the derivative financial instruments could demand immediate incremental collateralization on those instruments in a net liability position. The aggregate fair value of all derivative financial instruments with such credit risk-related contingent features in a net liability position on June 30, 2024 was not material.
The aggregate fair value of derivative financial instruments in an asset position with counterparties, which are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, was $208 million at June 30, 2024 and $179 million at December 31, 2023. Counterparties posted collateral relating to those positions of $205 million at June 30, 2024 and $179 million at December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest rate swap agreements entered into with customers are subject to the Company’s credit risk standards and often contain collateral provisions.
In addition to the derivative contracts noted above, the Company clears certain derivative transactions through a clearinghouse, rather than directly with counterparties. Those transactions cleared through a clearinghouse require initial margin collateral and variation margin payments depending on the contracts being in a net asset or liability position. The amount of initial margin collateral posted by the Company was $178 million and $129 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value asset and liability amounts of derivative contracts have been reduced by variation margin payments treated as settlements as described herein. Variation margin on derivative contracts not treated as settlements continues to represent collateral posted or received by the Company.
12. Variable interest entities and asset securitizations
The Company’s securitization activity includes securitizing loans originated for sale into government issued or guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. The Company has not recognized any material losses as a result of having securitized assets.
- 34 -

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
12. Variable interest entities and asset securitizations, continued
In March 2024, M&T Bank issued asset-backed notes secured by automobile loans. Approximately $526 million of such loans were sold into a special purpose trust which in turn issued asset-backed notes to investors. The loans continue to be serviced by the Company. A total of $511 million of such notes, representing the senior-most notes in the securitization, were purchased by third parties. Those asset-backed notes had a weighted-average estimated life of approximately two years and a weighted-average interest rate of 5.29% at the time of securitization. Additionally, $15 million of certificates representing the residual interests of the trust were retained by the Company. As a result of the retention of the residual interests and its continued role as servicer of the loans, the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary of the securitization trust and, accordingly, the trust has been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. At June 30, 2024, the remaining balance of the loans and leases in trust was $457 million and the outstanding asset-backed notes issued to third party investors was $446 million.
M&T has issued junior subordinated debentures payable to various trusts that have issued preferred capital securities. M&T owns the common securities of those trust entities. The Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of those entities and, accordingly, the trusts are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. At each of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company included the junior subordinated debentures as “long-term borrowings” in its Consolidated Balance Sheet and recognized $22 million in other assets for its “investment” in the common securities of the trusts that will be concomitantly repaid to M&T by the respective trust from the proceeds of M&T’s repayment of the junior subordinated debentures associated with preferred capital securities.
The Company has invested as a limited partner in various partnerships that collectively had total assets of approximately $9.5 billion and $9.8 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Those partnerships generally construct or acquire properties, including properties and facilities that produce renewable energy, for which the investing partners are eligible to receive certain federal income tax credits in accordance with government guidelines. Such investments may also provide tax deductible losses to the partners. The partnership investments also assist the Company in achieving its community reinvestment initiatives. The Company, in its position as limited partner, does not direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the partnerships and, therefore, the partnership entities are not included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing projects are accounted for using the proportional amortization method whereby those investments are amortized to "income taxes" in the Consolidated Statement of Income as tax credits and other tax benefits resulting from deductible losses associated with the projects are received. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted amended guidance which permits an election to account for other tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The Company has elected to apply the proportional amortization method to eligible renewable energy and certain other tax credit investments in addition to the low income housing tax credit investments for which the proportional amortization method had previously been applied. Information on the Company's carrying amount of its investments in tax equity partnerships and its related future funding commitments are presented in the following table:

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Affordable housing projects: |  |  |
Carrying amount (a) | $ | 1,332 |  |  | $ | 1,340 |
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount (b) | 390 |  |  | 410 |
Contingent commitments | 58 |  |  | 55 |
Renewable energy: |  |  |
Carrying amount (a) | 70 |  |  | 80 |
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount (b) | 6 |  |  | 31 |
Other: |  |  |
Carrying amount (a) | 39 |  |  | 41 |
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount (b) | — |  |  | — |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Included in "accrued interest and other assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(b)Included in "accrued interest and other liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
12. Variable interest entities and asset securitizations, continued
The reduction to income tax expense recognized from the Company's investments in partnerships accounted for using the proportional amortization method was $8 million (net of $45 million of investment amortization) and $10 million (net of $41 million of investment amortization) for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $15 million (net of $88 million of investment amortization) and $16 million (net of $82 million of investment amortization) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The net reduction to income tax expense has been reported in "net change in other accrued income and expense" in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. While the Company has elected to apply the proportional amortization method for renewable energy credit investments, at June 30, 2024 no such investments met the eligibility criteria for application of that method. The reduction to income tax expense recognized from renewable energy credit investments was $9 million and $20 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $4 million and $12 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively. As a limited partner, there is no recourse to the Company by creditors of the partnerships. However, the tax credits that result from the Company’s investments in such partnerships are generally subject to recapture should a partnership fail to comply with the respective government regulations. The Company has not provided financial or other support to the partnerships that was not contractually required. Although the Company currently estimates that no material losses are probable, its maximum exposure to loss from its investments in such partnerships as of June 30, 2024 was $2.2 billion, including possible recapture of certain tax credits.
The Company serves as investment advisor for certain registered money-market funds. The Company has no explicit arrangement to provide support to those funds, but may waive portions of its allowable management fees as a result of market conditions.
13. Fair value measurements
GAAP permits an entity to choose to measure eligible financial instruments and other items at fair value. The Company has not made any fair value elections at June 30, 2024.
Pursuant to GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy exists in GAAP for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability.
•Level 1 — Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
•Level 2 — Valuation is determined from quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or by model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable in the market.
•Level 3 — Valuation is derived from model-based and other techniques in which at least one significant input is unobservable and which may be based on the Company's own estimates about the assumptions that market participants would use to value the asset or liability.
When available, the Company attempts to use quoted market prices in active markets to determine fair value and classifies such items as Level 1 or Level 2. If quoted market prices in active markets are not available, fair value is often determined using model-based techniques incorporating various assumptions including interest rates, prepayment speeds and credit losses. Assets and liabilities valued using model-based techniques are classified as either Level 2 or Level 3, depending on the lowest level classification of an input that is considered significant to the overall valuation. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis at estimated fair value.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
13. Fair value measurements, continued
Trading account
Mutual funds held in connection with deferred compensation and other arrangements have been classified as Level 1 valuations. Valuations of investments in debt securities can generally be obtained through reference to quoted prices in less active markets for the same or similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2.
Available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities
The Company's available-for-sale investment securities have generally been valued by reference to prices for similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2. Certain investments in mutual funds and equity securities are actively traded and, therefore, have been classified as Level 1 valuations.
Real estate loans held for sale
The Company utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to hedge the exposure to changes in fair value of real estate loans held for sale. The carrying value of hedged real estate loans held for sale includes changes in estimated fair value during the hedge period. Typically, the Company attempts to hedge real estate loans held for sale from the date of close through the sale date. The fair value of hedged real estate loans held for sale is generally calculated by reference to quoted prices in secondary markets for commitments to sell real estate loans with similar characteristics and, accordingly, such loans have been classified as a Level 2 valuation.
Commitments to originate real estate loans for sale and commitments to sell real estate loans
The Company enters into various commitments to originate real estate loans for sale and commitments to sell real estate loans. Such commitments are accounted for as derivative financial instruments and, therefore, are carried at estimated fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The estimated fair values of such commitments were generally calculated by reference to quoted prices in secondary markets for commitments to sell real estate loans to certain government-sponsored entities and other parties. The fair valuations of commitments to sell real estate loans generally result in a Level 2 classification. The estimated fair value of commitments to originate real estate loans for sale are adjusted to reflect the Company's anticipated commitment expirations. The estimated commitment expirations are considered significant unobservable inputs contributing to the Level 3 classification of commitments to originate real estate loans for sale. Significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of estimated fair value of commitments to originate real estate loans for sale are included in the accompanying table of significant unobservable inputs to Level 3 measurements.
Interest rate swap agreements used for interest rate risk management
The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of the management of interest rate risk to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Company generally determines the fair value of its interest rate swap agreements using externally developed pricing models based on market observable inputs and, therefore, classifies such valuations as Level 2. The Company has considered counterparty credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap agreement assets and has considered its own credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap agreement liabilities.
Other non-hedging derivatives
Other non-hedging derivatives consist primarily of interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts with customers who require such services with offsetting positions with third parties to minimize the Company's risk with respect to such transactions. The Company generally determines the fair value of its other non-hedging derivative assets and liabilities using externally developed pricing models based on market observable inputs and, therefore, classifies such valuations as Level 2.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
13. Fair value measurements, continued
The following tables present assets and liabilities at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis:

(Dollars in millions) | Fair Value Measurements |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 (a)
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading account | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | 7,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,736 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 2,089 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,089 |  |  | — |
Residential | 3,966 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,966 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |
| 13,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,892 |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 280 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |
Real estate loans held for sale | 377 |  |  | — |  |  | 377 |  |  | — |
Other assets (b) | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | 15 |
Total assets | $ | 14,943 |  |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 14,564 |  |  | $ | 15 |
Other liabilities (b) | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Total liabilities | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 29 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading account | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | 7,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,705 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government issued or guaranteed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 416 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |
Residential | 2,154 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,154 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | 165 |  |  | — |
| 10,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,440 |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 268 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |
Real estate loans held for sale | 379 |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |  |  | — |
Other assets (b) | 324 |  |  | — |  |  | 309 |  |  | 15 |
Total assets | $ | 11,517 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 11,143 |  |  | $ | 15 |
Other liabilities (b) | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 32 |
Total liabilities | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 32 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of commitments to originate real estate loans held for sale included weighted-average commitment expirations of 6% at June 30, 2024 and 5% at December 31, 2023. An increase (decrease) in the estimate of expirations for commitments to originate real estate loans would generally result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Estimated commitment expirations are derived considering loan type, changes in interest rates and remaining length of time until closing.
(b)Comprised predominantly of interest rate swap agreements used for interest rate risk management (Level 2), interest rate and foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments (Level 2), commitments to sell real estate loans (Level 2) and commitments to originate real estate loans to be held for sale (Level 3).
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
13. Fair value measurements, continued
The Company is required, on a nonrecurring basis, to adjust the carrying value of certain assets or provide valuation allowances related to certain assets using fair value measurements. The more significant of those assets follow.
Loans
Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectable portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan and, as a result, the carrying value of the loan less the calculated valuation amount does not necessarily represent the fair value of the loan. Real estate collateral is typically valued using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace and the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have been classified as Level 2, unless significant adjustments have been made to the valuation that are not readily observable by market participants. Non-real estate collateral supporting commercial and industrial loans generally consists of business assets such as receivables, inventory and equipment. Fair value estimations are typically determined by discounting recorded values of those assets to reflect estimated net realizable value considering specific borrower facts and circumstances and the experience of credit personnel in their dealings with similar borrower collateral liquidations. Such discounts were in the range of 10% to 90% with a weighted-average of 42% at June 30, 2024. As these discounts are not readily observable and are considered significant, the valuations have been classified as Level 3. Automobile collateral is typically valued by reference to independent pricing sources based on recent sales transactions of similar vehicles and, accordingly, the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have been classified as Level 2. Collateral values for other consumer installment loans are generally estimated based on historical recovery rates for similar types of loans which at June 30, 2024 was 44%. As these recovery rates are not readily observable by market participants, such valuation adjustments have been classified as Level 3. Loans subject to nonrecurring fair value measurement were $1.0 billion at June 30, 2024 ($248 million and $783 million of which were classified as Level 2 and Level 3, respectively), $923 million at December 31, 2023 ($234 million and $689 million of which were classified as Level 2 and Level 3, respectively) and $652 million at June 30, 2023 ($297 million and $355 million of which were classified as Level 2 and Level 3, respectively). Changes in the fair value recognized for partial charge-offs of loans and loan impairment reserves on loans held by the Company on June 30, 2024 were decreases of $93 million and $221 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Changes in the fair value recognized for partial charge-offs of loans and loan impairment reserves on loans held by the Company on June 30, 2023 were decreases of $101 million and $177 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
Assets taken in foreclosure of defaulted loans
Assets taken in foreclosure of defaulted loans are primarily comprised of commercial and residential real property and are generally measured at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of the real property is generally determined using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace and the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have generally been classified as Level 2. Assets taken into foreclosure of defaulted loans subject to nonrecurring fair value measurement were not material at each of June 30, 2024 and 2023. Changes in fair value recognized for those foreclosed assets held by the Company were not material during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
13. Fair value measurements, continued
Capitalized servicing rights
Capitalized servicing rights are initially measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company utilizes the amortization method to subsequently measure its capitalized servicing assets. In accordance with GAAP, the Company must record impairment charges, on a nonrecurring basis, when the carrying value of certain strata exceed their estimated fair value. To estimate the fair value of servicing rights, the Company considers market prices for similar assets, if available, and the present value of expected future cash flows associated with the servicing rights calculated using assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future servicing income and expense. Such assumptions include estimates of the cost of servicing loans, loan default rates, an appropriate discount rate and prepayment speeds. For purposes of evaluating and measuring impairment of capitalized servicing rights, the Company stratifies such assets based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying financial instruments that are expected to have the most impact on projected prepayments, cost of servicing and other factors affecting future cash flows associated with the servicing rights. Such factors may include financial asset or loan type, note rate and term. The amount of impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the capitalized servicing rights for a stratum exceed estimated fair value. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance. The determination of fair value of capitalized servicing rights is considered a Level 3 valuation. Capitalized servicing rights related to residential mortgage loans required no valuation allowance at each of June 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023.
Disclosures of fair value of financial instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair value for certain financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet are presented in the following table:

(Dollars in millions) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 1,607 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits at banks | 24,792 |  |  | 24,792 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,792 |  |  | — |
Investment securities held to maturity | 14,793 |  |  | 13,509 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,467 |  |  | 42 |
Loans and leases, net | 132,798 |  |  | 129,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,865 |  |  | 123,001 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits | 17,513 |  |  | 17,463 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,463 |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 4,764 |  |  | 4,764 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,764 |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 11,319 |  |  | 11,282 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,282 |  |  | — |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,731 |  |  | 1,731 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits at banks | 28,069 |  |  | 28,069 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,069 |  |  | — |
Investment securities held to maturity | 15,330 |  |  | 14,308 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,262 |  |  | 46 |
Loans and leases, net | 131,939 |  |  | 129,138 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,240 |  |  | 121,898 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits | 20,759 |  |  | 20,715 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,715 |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 5,316 |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 8,201 |  |  | 8,107 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,107 |  |  | — |

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
13. Fair value measurements, continued
With the exception of marketable securities and mortgage loans originated for sale, the Company’s financial instruments presented in the preceding tables are not readily marketable and market prices do not exist. The Company, in attempting to comply with the provisions of GAAP that require disclosures of fair value of financial instruments, has not attempted to market its financial instruments to potential buyers, if any exist. Since negotiated prices in illiquid markets depend greatly upon the then present motivations of the buyer and seller, it is reasonable to assume that actual sales prices could vary widely from any estimate of fair value made without the benefit of negotiations. Additionally, changes in market interest rates can dramatically impact the value of financial instruments in a short period of time.
The Company does not believe that the estimated information presented herein is representative of the earnings power or value of the Company. The preceding analysis, which is inherently limited in depicting fair value, also does not consider any value associated with existing customer relationships nor the ability of the Company to create value through loan origination, deposit gathering or fee generating activities. Many of the estimates presented herein are based upon the use of highly subjective information and assumptions and, accordingly, the results may not be precise. Management believes that fair value estimates may not be comparable between financial institutions due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates which must be made. Furthermore, because the disclosed fair value amounts were estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts actually realized or paid upon maturity or settlement of the various financial instruments could be significantly different.
14. Commitments and contingencies
In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding. The following table presents the Company's significant commitments. Certain of these commitments are not included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Commitments to extend credit: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 29,201 |  |  | $ | 28,566 |
Commercial real estate loans to be sold | 682 |  |  | 916 |
Other commercial real estate | 3,764 |  |  | 5,019 |
Residential real estate loans to be sold | 281 |  |  | 163 |
Other residential real estate | 541 |  |  | 331 |
Home equity lines of credit | 8,005 |  |  | 8,109 |
Credit cards | 5,789 |  |  | 5,578 |
Other | 283 |  |  | 413 |
Standby letters of credit | 2,265 |  |  | 2,289 |
Commercial letters of credit | 74 |  |  | 62 |
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts | 4,133 |  |  | 4,036 |
Commitments to sell real estate loans | 1,269 |  |  | 1,400 |

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers, generally having fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require payment of a fee. In addition to the amounts in the preceding table, the Company had discretionary funding commitments to commercial customers of $12.4 billion and $12.3 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, that the Company had the unconditional right to cancel prior to funding. Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party, whereas commercial letters of credit are issued to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being funded when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and a third party. The credit risk associated with commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved with extending loans to customers and is subject to normal credit policies. Collateral may be obtained based on management's assessment of the customer's creditworthiness.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
14. Commitments and contingencies, continued
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are predominantly comprised of recourse obligations associated with sold loans and other guarantees and commitments. Included in financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are loan principal amounts sold with recourse in conjunction with the Company's involvement in the Fannie Mae DUS program. The Company's maximum credit risk for recourse associated with loans sold under this program totaled approximately $4.0 billion and $3.9 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At June 30, 2024, the Company estimated that the recourse obligations described above were not material to the Company's consolidated financial position. There have been no material losses incurred as a result of those credit recourse arrangements.
Since many loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and guarantees and indemnification contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows.
The Company utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to hedge exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments are accounted for as derivatives and along with commitments to originate real estate loans to be held for sale are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at estimated fair market value.
The Company is contractually obligated to repurchase previously sold residential real estate loans that do not ultimately meet investor sale criteria related to underwriting procedures or loan documentation. When required to do so, the Company may reimburse loan purchasers for losses incurred or may repurchase certain loans. The Company reduces residential mortgage banking revenues by an estimate for losses related to its obligations to loan purchasers. The amount of those charges is based on the volume of loans sold, the level of reimbursement requests received from loan purchasers and estimates of losses that may be associated with previously sold loans. At June 30, 2024, the Company's estimated obligation to loan purchasers was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position.
M&T and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings and other matters in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. On an on-going basis management, after consultation with legal counsel, assesses the Company’s liabilities and contingencies in connection with such proceedings. For those matters where it is probable that the Company will incur losses and the amounts of the losses can be reasonably estimated, the Company records an expense and corresponding liability in its consolidated financial statements. To the extent pending or threatened litigation could result in exposure in excess of that liability, the amount of such excess is not currently estimable. Although not considered probable, the range of reasonably possible losses for such matters in the aggregate, beyond the existing recorded liability, was between $0 and $25 million as of June 30, 2024. Although the Company does not believe that the outcome of pending legal matters will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, it cannot rule out the possibility that such outcomes will be material to the consolidated results of operations for a particular reporting period in the future.
In 2024, the FDIC notified member banks that the loss estimate attributable to certain failed banks had increased. The Company recorded FDIC special assessment expense of $5 million and $34 million in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, in addition to the $197 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023. The FDIC has indicated that the amount of the special assessment will be adjusted as its loss estimates change.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
15. Segment information
Reportable segments have been determined based upon the Company's organizational structure and its internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business unit. The reportable segments are Commercial Bank, Retail Bank and Institutional Services and Wealth Management.
The financial information of the Company's segments was compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in note 23 of Notes to Financial Statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report. The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to GAAP. As a result, the financial information of the reported segments is not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial data.
Information about the Company's segments follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Total Revenues(a) |  | Inter- segment Revenues |  | Net Income (Loss) |  | Total Average Assets |  | Total Revenues(a) |  | Inter- segment Revenues |  | Net Income (Loss) |  | Total Average Assets
Commercial Bank | $ | 717 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 81,198 |  |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 80,985 |
Retail Bank | 1,294 |  |  | — |  |  | 472 |  |  | 52,950 |  |  | 1,296 |  |  | — |  |  | 475 |  |  | 51,058 |
Institutional Services and Wealth Management | 401 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 3,668 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 3,720 |
All Other | (110) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (166) |  |  | 74,165 |  |  | (44) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (128) |  |  | 68,613 |
Total | $ | 2,302 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 211,981 |  |  | $ | 2,602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 204,376 |

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Total Revenues(a) |  | Inter- segment Revenues |  | Net Income (Loss) |  | Total Average Assets |  | Total Revenues(a) |  | Inter- segment Revenues |  | Net Income (Loss) |  | Total Average Assets
Commercial Bank | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 81,140 |  |  | $ | 1,570 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 80,014 |
Retail Bank | 2,562 |  |  | — |  |  | 918 |  |  | 52,591 |  |  | 2,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 927 |  |  | 51,175 |
Institutional Services and Wealth Management | 778 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 3,652 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 3,688 |
All Other | (194) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (410) |  |  | 74,346 |  |  | (74) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (321) |  |  | 68,615 |
Total | $ | 4,562 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 211,729 |  |  | $ | 5,007 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | 203,492 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Total revenues are comprised of net interest income and other income. Net interest income is the difference between taxable-equivalent interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities owed by a segment and a funding charge (credit) based on the Company's internal funds transfer and allocation methodology. Segments are charged a cost to fund any assets (e.g. loans) and are paid a funding credit for any funds provided (e.g. deposits). The taxable-equivalent adjustment aggregated $13 million and $14 million for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $25 million and $28 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is eliminated in "All Other" total revenues.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONTINUED
16. Relationship with BLG and Bayview Financial
M&T holds a 20% minority interest in BLG, a privately-held commercial mortgage company. That investment had no remaining carrying value at June 30, 2024 as a result of cumulative losses recognized and cash distributions received in prior years. Cash distributions now received from BLG are recognized as income by M&T and included in "other revenues from operations" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. That income totaled $25 million and $20 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no cash distributions during the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Bayview Financial, a privately-held specialty finance company, is BLG's majority investor. In addition to their common investment in BLG, the Company and Bayview Financial conduct other business activities with each other. The Company has obtained loan servicing rights for mortgage loans from BLG and Bayview Financial having outstanding principal balances of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Revenues from those servicing rights were $1 million and $2 million in the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3 million in each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company sub-services residential mortgage loans for Bayview Financial having outstanding principal balances of $112.5 billion and $115.3 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Revenues earned for sub-servicing loans for Bayview Financial were $31 million and $32 million for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $63 million and $64 million in the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, the Company held $40 million and $42 million of mortgage-backed securities in its held-to-maturity portfolio at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, that were securitized by Bayview Financial. At June 30, 2024, the Company held $701 million of Bayview Financial's $3.6 billion syndicated loan facility.
- 44 -

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as with M&T's 2023 Annual Report. Information regarding the Company's business, its supervision and regulation and potential risks and uncertainties that may affect the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations are also included in M&T's 2023 Annual Report.
As described in note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements in M&T's 2023 Annual Report, certain financial reporting changes became effective in the fourth quarter of 2023. Prior periods have been presented in conformity with the new classifications.
Overview
The Company's results of operations for the second quarter of 2024 reflect a stabilization of deposit and borrowing costs after those costs increased significantly following four FOMC federal funds target rate increases totaling 100 basis points in the first three quarters of 2023. The FOMC has not adjusted that rate since. The results of operations for each of the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 included seasonal salaries and employee benefits expenses of $99 million. Estimated increases in the Company's FDIC special assessment of $29 million and $5 million were recorded in the first and second quarter of 2024 results of operations, respectively. Additional information about the FDIC special assessment is included in note 14 of Notes to Financial Statements. Other income in the first six months of 2023 included a $225 million gain on the sale of the Company's CIT business in April 2023. A summary of financial results for the Company is provided below:
SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions, except per share) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Net interest income | $ | 1,718 |  |  | $ | 1,680 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 3,398 |  |  | $ | 3,617 |  |  | $ | (219) |  |  | -6 | %
Taxable-equivalent adjustment (a) | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (3) |  |  | -8 |
Net interest income (taxable-equivalent basis) (a) | 1,731 |  |  | 1,692 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3,423 |  |  | 3,645 |  |  | (222) |  |  | -6 |
Provision for credit losses | 150 |  |  | 200 |  |  | (50) |  |  | -25 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 30 |
Other income | 584 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,164 |  |  | 1,390 |  |  | (226) |  |  | -16 |
Other expense | 1,297 |  |  | 1,396 |  |  | (99) |  |  | -7 |  |  | 2,693 |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 2 |
Net income | 655 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | (383) |  |  | -24 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings | 3.75 |  |  | 3.04 |  |  | 0.71 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 6.79 |  |  | 9.09 |  |  | (2.30) |  |  | -25 |
Diluted earnings | 3.73 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | 0.71 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 6.76 |  |  | 9.06 |  |  | (2.30) |  |  | -25 |
Performance ratios, annualized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average assets | 1.24 | % |  | 1.01 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.13 | % |  | 1.55 | % |  |  |  |
Average common shareholders’ equity | 9.95 |  |  | 8.14 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.05 |  |  | 13.02 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin | 3.59 |  |  | 3.52 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.56 |  |  | 3.97 |  |  |  |  |

____________________________________________
(a)Net interest income data are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis which is a non-GAAP measure. The taxable-equivalent adjustment represents additional income taxes that would be due if all interest income were subject to income taxes. This adjustment, which is related to interest received on qualified municipal securities, industrial revenue financings and preferred equity securities, is based on a composite income tax rate of approximately 25%.
The increase in net income in the recent quarter as compared with the first quarter of 2024 resulted from the following:
•Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis increased $39 million reflecting an expansion of the net interest margin by 7 basis points as the cost of interest-bearing liabilities remained flat while yields on earning assets improved from the immediately preceding quarter.
•Provision for credit losses declined $50 million reflecting lower commercial real estate loans, including criticized loans, and modest improvement in forecasted real estate prices, partially offset by commercial and industrial and consumer loan growth.
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•Other expense declined $99 million reflecting seasonal salaries and employee benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by the full-quarter impact of annual merit increases awarded in the first quarter of 2024. Lower FDIC special assessment expense and other costs of operations also contributed to the decline.
The decline in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the same 2023 period reflects the following:
•Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis declined $222 million reflecting a narrowing of the net interest margin by 41 basis points as higher deposit and borrowing costs outpaced increased yields on the Company's earning assets.
•Provision for credit losses increased $80 million reflecting the impact of higher interest rates on the performance of commercial borrowers and loan growth.
•Other income in the first six months of 2024 declined $226 million as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflecting the gain on sale of the CIT business in April 2023.
•Other expense in the first half of 2024, excluding $34 million of FDIC special assessment expense, rose slightly from 2023. Higher salaries and employee benefits expenses and a rise in outside data processing and software costs were partially offset by lower professional and other services expenses.
The Company's effective income tax rates were 23.4% and 20.0% for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively, and 21.9% and 24.8% for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The first quarter of 2024 income tax expense reflects a net discrete benefit related to the resolution of a tax matter inherited from the acquisition of People's United.
On May 13, 2024, M&T issued 75,000 shares of Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share. On July 10, 2024, M&T announced its intention to redeem, on August 15, 2024, all 350,000 outstanding shares of its Perpetual Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E. Additional information about the issued and outstanding preferred stock of M&T is included in note 6 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Results of Operations
M&T consistently provides supplemental reporting of its results on a “net operating” or “tangible” basis, from which M&T excludes the after-tax effect of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets (and the related goodwill, core deposit intangible and other intangible asset balances, net of applicable deferred tax amounts) and gains (when realized) and expenses (when incurred) associated with merging acquired operations into the Company, since such items are considered by management to be “nonoperating” in nature. Although “net operating income” as defined by M&T is not a GAAP measure, M&T’s management believes that this information helps investors understand the effect of acquisition activity in reported results.
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORTING OF NON-GAAP RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions, except per share) |  | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Net operating income |  | $ | 665 |  |  | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | 22 | % |  | $ | 1,208 |  |  | $ | 1,594 |  |  | $ | (386) |  |  | -24 | %
Diluted net operating earnings per share |  | 3.79 |  |  | 3.09 |  |  | 0.70 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 6.89 |  |  | 9.21 |  |  | (2.32) |  |  | -25 |
Return on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average tangible assets |  | 1.31 | % |  | 1.08 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.20 | % |  | 1.65 | % |  |  |  |
Average tangible common equity |  | 15.27 |  |  | 12.67 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13.99 |  |  | 20.90 |  |  |  |  |
Efficiency ratio |  | 55.3 |  |  | 60.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58.0 |  |  | 52.0 |  |  |  |  |
Tangible equity per common share (a) |  | $ | 102.42 |  |  | $ | 99.54 |  |  | $ | 2.88 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 102.42 |  |  | $ | 91.58 |  |  | $ | 10.84 |  |  | 12 | %

____________________________________________
(a)At the period end.
The efficiency ratio measures the relationship of noninterest operating expenses, which exclude expenses M&T considers to be "nonoperating" in nature consisting of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets and
- 46 -

merger-related expenses, to revenues. The calculations of the Company’s efficiency ratio, or noninterest operating expenses divided by the sum of taxable-equivalent net interest income and noninterest income (exclusive of gains and losses from bank investment securities), and reconciliations of GAAP amounts with corresponding non-GAAP amounts are presented in Table 2.
Taxable-equivalent Net Interest Income
Interest income earned on certain of the Company's assets is exempt from federal income tax. Taxable-equivalent net interest income is a non-GAAP measure that adjusts income earned on a tax-exempt asset to present it on an equivalent basis to interest income earned on a fully taxable asset. The Company's average balance sheets accompanied by the annualized taxable-equivalent interest income and expense and the average rate on the Company's earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are presented as follows.
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND ANNUALIZED TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT RATES

|  | Three Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 58,152 |  |  | $ | 1,018 |  |  | 7.04 | % |  | $ | 56,821 |  |  | $ | 987 |  |  | 6.99 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 31,458 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 6.38 |  |  | 32,696 |  |  | 526 |  |  | 6.36 |
Residential real estate |  | 23,006 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 4.32 |  |  | 23,136 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 4.28 |
Consumer |  | 21,972 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 6.61 |  |  | 21,143 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 6.54 |
Total loans and leases, net |  | 134,588 |  |  | 2,135 |  |  | 6.38 |  |  | 133,796 |  |  | 2,103 |  |  | 6.32 |
Interest-bearing deposits at banks |  | 29,294 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 5.50 |  |  | 30,647 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 5.49 |
Trading account |  | 99 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3.47 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3.42 |
Investment securities (b): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies |  | 25,809 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 3.43 |  |  | 24,625 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 3.11 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 2,443 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3.81 |  |  | 2,489 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3.77 |
Other |  | 1,443 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 6.47 |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5.54 |
Total investment securities |  | 29,695 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 3.61 |  |  | 28,587 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 3.30 |
Total earning assets |  | 193,676 |  |  | 2,802 |  |  | 5.82 |  |  | 193,135 |  |  | 2,757 |  |  | 5.74 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (2,199) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,156) |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 1,754 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,687 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | 18,750 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,812 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 211,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 211,478 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | $ | 95,955 |  |  | $ | 618 |  |  | 2.59 | % |  | $ | 94,867 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 2.61 | %
Time deposits |  | 19,802 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 4.41 |  |  | 20,583 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 4.41 |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 115,757 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 2.90 |  |  | 115,450 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 2.93 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 4,962 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 5.62 |  |  | 6,228 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 5.42 |
Long-term borrowings |  | 11,490 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 5.83 |  |  | 9,773 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 5.81 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 132,209 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 3.26 |  |  | 131,451 |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 3.26 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | 47,734 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48,615 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 4,293 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,393 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  | 184,236 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 184,459 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 27,745 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27,019 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 211,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 211,478 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  |  | 2.56 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.48 |
Contribution of interest-free funds |  |  |  |  |  | 1.03 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.04 |
Net interest income/margin on earning assets |  |  |  | $ | 1,731 |  |  | 3.59 | % |  |  |  | $ | 1,692 |  |  | 3.52 | %

____________________________________________
(a)Includes nonaccrual loans.
(b)Includes available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.
- 47 -

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND ANNUALIZED TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT RATES (continued)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 57,486 |  |  | $ | 2,005 |  |  | 7.01 | % |  | $ | 53,531 |  |  | $ | 1,717 |  |  | 6.47 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 32,077 |  |  | 1,032 |  |  | 6.37 |  |  | 35,089 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 6.14 |
Residential real estate |  | 23,071 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 4.30 |  |  | 23,775 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 4.03 |
Consumer |  | 21,558 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 6.58 |  |  | 20,388 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 5.77 |
Total loans and leases, net |  | 134,192 |  |  | 4,238 |  |  | 6.35 |  |  | 132,783 |  |  | 3,863 |  |  | 5.87 |
Interest-bearing deposits at banks |  | 29,971 |  |  | 819 |  |  | 5.50 |  |  | 23,963 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 4.89 |
Trading account |  | 102 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3.45 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2.50 |
Investment securities (b): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies |  | 25,217 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 3.28 |  |  | 24,215 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 2.88 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 2,466 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 3.79 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 3.73 |
Other |  | 1,458 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | 1,349 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 4.62 |
Total investment securities |  | 29,141 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 3.46 |  |  | 28,126 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 3.04 |
Total earning assets |  | 193,406 |  |  | 5,559 |  |  | 5.78 |  |  | 185,008 |  |  | 4,871 |  |  | 5.31 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (2,178) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,962) |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 1,721 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,849 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | 18,780 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,597 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 211,729 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 203,492 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | $ | 95,411 |  |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | 2.60 | % |  | $ | 87,629 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | 1.49 | %
Time deposits |  | 20,192 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 4.41 |  |  | 13,832 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 3.49 |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 115,603 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 2.91 |  |  | 101,461 |  |  | 885 |  |  | 1.76 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 5,595 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 5.51 |  |  | 6,273 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 4.94 |
Long-term borrowings |  | 10,631 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 5.82 |  |  | 7,017 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 5.36 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 131,829 |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | 3.26 |  |  | 114,751 |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | 2.15 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | 48,175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,001 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 4,343 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,208 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  | 184,347 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 177,960 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 27,382 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,532 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 211,729 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 203,492 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  |  | 2.52 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.16 |
Contribution of interest-free funds |  |  |  |  |  | 1.04 |  |  |  |  |  |  | .81 |
Net interest income/margin on earning assets |  |  |  | $ | 3,423 |  |  | 3.56 | % |  |  |  | $ | 3,645 |  |  | 3.97 | %

____________________________________________
(a)Includes nonaccrual loans.
(b)Includes available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.
Expressed on a taxable-equivalent basis net interest income was $1.73 billion in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $1.69 billion in the first quarter of 2024. The increase in taxable-equivalent net interest income in the recent quarter reflects a 7 basis-point expansion of the net interest margin, or taxable-equivalent net interest income expressed as an annualized percentage of average earning assets, from the first quarter of 2024 to 3.59% in the recent quarter. That expansion largely reflects the deployment of cash to new loan originations and purchases of investment securities that generated higher yields than earning assets that have matured. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities has remained flat as compared with the first quarter of 2024, reflecting a shift in deposit mix from higher cost brokered deposits to lower cost customer savings and interest-checking deposits. That benefit was partially offset by higher balances of average borrowings. The Company continues to adjust its funding sources to include borrowings and brokered deposits in consideration of the competitive landscape for customer deposits. Average borrowings
- 48 -

collectively rose $451 million or 3%, while average brokered deposits declined $1.2 billion or 9% when comparing the recent quarter with the first quarter of 2024.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income in the first six months of 2024 was $3.42 billion, down from $3.64 billion in the corresponding 2023 period. The decrease reflected a 41 basis-point narrowing of the net interest margin to 3.56% in the 2024 period from 3.97% in the year-earlier period. An increase in average interest-bearing liabilities in the first six months of 2024 as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflected a shift in customer deposits toward higher cost interest-bearing products, including time deposits, and higher average brokered deposits and borrowings. Average interest-bearing deposits rose $14.1 billion or 14% in the first six months of 2024 as compared with the first six months of 2023 and included an increase in average brokered deposits of $3.3 billion or 35%. Average borrowings rose $2.9 billion or 22% when comparing the first six months of 2024 to the same period in 2023. The increase in average earning assets in the first six months of 2024 reflects higher average deposits at the FRB of New York, loan growth and purchases of investment securities.
Lending Activities
The Company's lending activities in 2023 and for the first six months of 2024 reflect its execution of various strategies to reduce its relative concentration of commercial real estate loans. The following table summarizes average loans and leases for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and percentage changes in the major components of the portfolio.
AVERAGE LOANS AND LEASES

|  |  | Percent Change from |  |  |  | Percent Change from
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Commercial and industrial | $ | 58,152 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 57,486 |  |  | 7 | %
Commercial real estate | 31,458 |  |  | -4 |  |  | 32,077 |  |  | -9 |
Residential real estate | 23,006 |  |  | -1 |  |  | 23,071 |  |  | -3 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recreational finance | 10,950 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 10,628 |  |  | 16 |
Automobile | 4,394 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4,286 |  |  | -1 |
Home equity lines and loans | 4,558 |  |  | -1 |  |  | 4,578 |  |  | -6 |
Other | 2,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,066 |  |  | 1 |
Total consumer | 21,972 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21,558 |  |  | 6 |
Total | $ | 134,588 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 134,192 |  |  | 1 | %

Average loans and leases totaled $134.6 billion in the second quarter of 2024, up $792 million or 1% from the first quarter of 2024.
•Average commercial and industrial loans and leases were $58.2 billion in the recent quarter, up $1.3 billion from the first quarter of 2024, reflecting higher levels of lending across most industry types.
•Commercial real estate loans averaged $31.5 billion in the second quarter of 2024, down $1.2 billion as compared with the first quarter of 2024, reflecting decreases of $676 million and $562 million of average permanent and construction commercial real estate loans, respectively.
•Largely reflecting customer payments on loans held for investment, average residential real estate loans decreased $130 million to $23.0 billion in the second quarter of 2024 as compared with the first quarter of 2024.
•Average consumer loans in the second quarter of 2024 increased $829 million from the first quarter of 2024 to $22.0 billion. That growth reflects an increase in average balances in recreational finance loans and automobile loans of $644 million and $217 million, respectively.
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In the first six months of 2024, average loans and leases totaled $134.2 billion, up 1%, from $132.8 billion in the corresponding 2023 period.
•Average commercial and industrial loans and leases in the first half of 2024 increased $4.0 billion from the first half of 2023, reflecting growth in most industries, predominantly financial and insurance and motor vehicle and recreational finance dealers.
•Average commercial real estate loans declined $3.0 billion in the first half of 2024 as compared with the corresponding 2023 period reflecting decreases of $2.1 billion in average permanent commercial real estate loans and $962 million in average construction loans.
•Average residential real estate loans decreased $704 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024 from the first half of 2023. That decrease was largely attributable to customer payments on loans held for investment.
•Average consumer loans in the first half of 2024 increased $1.2 billion from the first half of 2023. That growth reflected higher average balances of $1.5 billion of recreational finance loans, partially offset by a decline of $295 million in the average balance of home equity loans and lines of credit.
Investing Activities
The investment securities portfolio averaged $29.7 billion in the second quarter of 2024, up $1.1 billion from the first quarter of 2024. The higher average balance in the recent quarter when compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflects the purchase of $3.1 billion of U.S. Treasury securities and government issued or guaranteed commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities in the recent quarter. In the first six months of 2024 and 2023, investment securities averaged $29.1 billion and $28.1 billion, respectively. The rise in average balances in the first half of 2024 as compared with the first half of 2023 reflects purchases of U.S Treasury securities and government issued or guaranteed commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities of $7.2 billion during the first half of 2024. The Company sold $71 million of non-agency investment securities from its available-for-sale portfolio during the first half of 2024. There were no significant sales of investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company routinely increases and decreases its holdings of capital stock of the FHLB of New York and the FRB of New York based on amounts of outstanding borrowings and available lines of credit with those entities.
The investment securities portfolio is largely comprised of government issued or guaranteed commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities, but also includes municipal and other securities. When purchasing investment securities, the Company considers its liquidity position and its overall interest rate risk profile as well as the adequacy of expected returns relative to risks assumed, including prepayments. The Company may occasionally sell investment securities as a result of movements in interest rates and spreads, changes in liquidity needs, actual or anticipated prepayments, credit risk associated with a particular security, or as a result of restructuring its investment securities portfolio in connection with a business combination. The amounts of investment securities held by the Company are influenced by such factors as available yield in comparison with alternative investments, demand for loans, which generally yield more than investment securities, ongoing repayments, the levels of deposits, and management of liquidity and balance sheet size and resulting capital ratios.
The Company regularly reviews its debt investment securities for declines in value below amortized cost that might be indicative of credit-related losses. In light of such reviews, there were no credit-related losses on debt investment securities recognized in either of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. A further discussion of fair values of investment securities is included herein under the heading "Capital." Additional information about the investment securities portfolio is included in notes 3 and 13 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Other earning assets include interest-bearing deposits at banks, trading account assets, federal funds sold and agreements to resell securities. Those other earning assets in the aggregate averaged $29.4 billion in the recently completed quarter, compared with $30.8 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $30.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared with $24.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2023. The amounts of other earning assets at those respective dates were predominantly comprised of deposits held at the FRB of New York. In general, the levels of those deposits often fluctuate due to changes in deposits of retail and
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commercial customers, trust-related deposits, brokered deposits and additions to or maturities of investment securities or borrowings.
Funding Activities - Deposits
The most significant source of funding for the Company is core deposits. The Company considers noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits and time deposits of $250,000 or less as core deposits. The Company’s branch network is its principal source of core deposits, which generally carry lower interest rates than wholesale funds of comparable maturities. Average core deposits represented 76% of average earning assets for each of the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, and 76% and 81% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company also includes brokered deposits as a component of its wholesale funding strategy. Depending on market conditions, including demand by customers and other investors, and the cost of funds available from alternative sources, the Company may change the amount or composition of brokered deposits in the future. The following table provides an analysis of quarterly changes in the components of average deposits.
AVERAGE DEPOSITS

|  |  | Percent Change from |  |  |  | Percent Change from
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 47,734 |  |  | -2 | % |  | $ | 48,175 |  |  | -18 | %
Savings and interest-checking deposits | 87,762 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 87,300 |  |  | 4 |
Time deposits of $250,000 or less | 12,407 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 12,196 |  |  | 92 |
Total core deposits | $ | 147,903 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 147,671 |  |  | -1 | %
Time deposits greater than $250,000 | $ | 3,569 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 3,486 |  |  | 100 | %
Brokered deposits | 12,019 |  |  | -9 |  |  | 12,621 |  |  | 35 |
Total deposits | $ | 163,491 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 163,778 |  |  | 2 | %

Deposits averaged $163.5 billion in the recent quarter, a $574 million decrease from $164.1 billion in the first quarter of 2024.
•Average core deposits increased modestly from the first quarter of 2024 reflecting a stabilization of customer deposits in the higher rate environment.
•The decrease in average brokered deposits in the recent quarter reflects a shift in the Company's wholesale funding strategy. Average brokered time deposits decreased $1.4 billion to $3.8 billion in the recent quarter from $5.2 billion in the first quarter of 2024. The rates paid on those deposits averaged 4.99% and 5.01%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Average brokered savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts increased $163 million to $8.2 billion in the recent quarter from $8.0 billion in the first quarter of 2024. The rates paid on those deposits averaged 4.75% and 4.78%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The rate paid on total non-brokered interest-bearing deposits was 2.67% in each of the first and second quarters of 2024 reflecting a stabilization in deposit product pricing.
Average deposits increased $3.3 billion in the first six months of 2024 from $160.5 billion in the first half of 2023.
•Average core deposits decreased $1.7 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the similar prior-year period reflecting the impact of an elevated interest rate environment that influenced customers to seek higher rate alternatives, including a shift of funds to commercial sweep products and time deposits greater than $250,000.
•The increase in average brokered deposits in the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflects the Company's liquidity management and funding strategies during a period of rising interest rates, partially offset by the maturity of some brokered time deposits in the recent six-month period. Average brokered savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts increased $4.5 billion to $8.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $3.6 billion in the six months ended
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June 30, 2023 and the rates paid on those deposits averaged 4.77% and 3.72%, respectively. Average brokered time deposits decreased $1.2 billion to $4.5 billion in the first half of 2024 from $5.7 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the rates paid on those deposits averaged 5.01% and 4.90%, respectively. The rate paid on total non-brokered interest-bearing deposits was 2.67% in the first six months of 2024, compared with 1.48% in the similar 2023 period. That increase in the rate on non-brokered interest-bearing deposits reflected repricing on certain deposit products as customers sought higher yields in an elevated interest rate environment.
The accompanying table summarizes the components of average total deposits by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
AVERAGE DEPOSITS BY SEGMENT

(Dollars in millions) |  | Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Institutional Services and Wealth Management |  | All Other |  | Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 12,523 |  |  | $ | 25,150 |  |  | $ | 9,340 |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 47,734 |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | 30,003 |  |  | 51,655 |  |  | 7,895 |  |  | 6,402 |  |  | 95,955 |
Time deposits |  | 426 |  |  | 15,501 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 3,832 |  |  | 19,802 |
Total |  | $ | 42,952 |  |  | $ | 92,306 |  |  | $ | 17,278 |  |  | $ | 10,955 |  |  | $ | 163,491 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 13,459 |  |  | $ | 25,380 |  |  | $ | 9,081 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 48,615 |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | 29,721 |  |  | 51,274 |  |  | 7,131 |  |  | 6,741 |  |  | 94,867 |
Time deposits |  | 353 |  |  | 14,995 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 5,198 |  |  | 20,583 |
Total |  | $ | 43,533 |  |  | $ | 91,649 |  |  | $ | 16,249 |  |  | $ | 12,634 |  |  | $ | 164,065 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 12,991 |  |  | $ | 25,265 |  |  | $ | 9,211 |  |  | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 48,175 |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | 29,862 |  |  | 51,464 |  |  | 7,513 |  |  | 6,572 |  |  | 95,411 |
Time deposits |  | 389 |  |  | 15,248 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 4,515 |  |  | 20,192 |
Total |  | $ | 43,242 |  |  | $ | 91,977 |  |  | $ | 16,764 |  |  | $ | 11,795 |  |  | $ | 163,778 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 18,716 |  |  | $ | 29,760 |  |  | $ | 9,818 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 59,001 |
Savings and interest-checking deposits |  | 22,769 |  |  | 53,913 |  |  | 7,490 |  |  | 3,457 |  |  | 87,629 |
Time deposits |  | 321 |  |  | 7,741 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5,755 |  |  | 13,832 |
Total |  | $ | 41,806 |  |  | $ | 91,414 |  |  | $ | 17,323 |  |  | $ | 9,919 |  |  | $ | 160,462 |

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Funding Activities - Borrowings
The following table summarizes the average balances utilized from the Company's short-term and long-term borrowing facilities and note programs.
AVERAGE BORROWINGS

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions) |  | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Short-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 416 |
FHLB advances |  | 4,670 |  |  | 5,921 |  |  | 5,296 |  |  | 5,857 |
Total short-term borrowings |  | $ | 4,962 |  |  | $ | 6,228 |  |  | $ | 5,595 |  |  | $ | 6,273 |
Long-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  | $ | 7,088 |  |  | $ | 6,418 |  |  | $ | 6,753 |  |  | $ | 5,485 |
FHLB advances |  | 2,005 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | 1,664 |  |  | 5 |
Subordinated notes |  | 976 |  |  | 977 |  |  | 976 |  |  | 980 |
Junior subordinated debentures |  | 541 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 537 |
Asset-backed notes |  | 870 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 687 |  |  | — |
Other |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Total long-term borrowings |  | 11,490 |  |  | 9,773 |  |  | 10,631 |  |  | 7,017 |
Total borrowings |  | $ | 16,452 |  |  | $ | 16,001 |  |  | $ | 16,226 |  |  | $ | 13,290 |

The Company uses borrowing capacity from banks, the FHLBs, the FRB of New York and others as sources of funding. Short-term borrowings represent arrangements that at the time they were entered into had a contractual maturity of one year or less. The lower levels of short-term borrowings in the second quarter of 2024 as compared with the first quarter of 2024 as well as for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the similar 2023 period reflect the Company's management of liquidity.
Reflecting new issuances and advances of long-term borrowing arrangements of $3.4 billion during the first quarter of 2024, long-term borrowings averaged $11.5 billion and $9.8 billion in the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Long-term borrowings averaged $10.6 billion and $7.0 billion for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increased usage of borrowing facilities reflects the Company's strategies to diversify its wholesale funding options to provide long-term funding stabilization and prepare for proposed regulations enumerating certain long-term debt requirements as described in Part I, Item 1 of M&T's 2023 Annual Report.
Additional information regarding borrowings is provided in notes 5 and 12 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Net Interest Margin
Taxable-equivalent net interest income can be impacted by changes in the composition of the Company's earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as discussed herein, as well as changes in interest rates and spreads. Net interest spread, or the difference between the yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, was 2.56% in the recent quarter, up 8 basis points from 2.48% in the first quarter of 2024. The increase in the net interest spread from the first quarter of 2024 reflected increased yields on average earning assets and stability of the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The yield on earning assets during the second quarter of 2024 was 5.82%, up 8 basis points from 5.74% in the first quarter of 2024 largely due to a 31 basis-point increase in yield on investment securities and a 6 basis-point increase in yield on loans. The rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 3.26%, unchanged from the first quarter of 2024. For the first six months of 2024, the net interest spread was 2.52%, down from 3.16% in the corresponding year-earlier period. Higher rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other liabilities, which outpaced higher yields earned on loans and other earning assets, largely contributed to the decline in net interest spread.
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Net interest-free funds consist largely of noninterest-bearing demand deposits and shareholders’ equity, partially offset by bank owned life insurance and non-earning assets, including goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets. Net interest-free funds averaged $61.5 billion in the second quarter of 2024, relatively unchanged from $61.7 billion in the first quarter of 2024. Net interest-free funds averaged $61.6 billion and $70.3 billion in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Noninterest-bearing deposits averaged $47.7 billion in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $48.6 billion in the first quarter of 2024, and $48.2 billion in the first half of 2024 as compared with $59.0 billion in the first half of 2023. The declines in average noninterest-bearing deposits in the respective comparative periods reflect customer use of off-balance sheet investment products and a shift in deposits to interest-bearing accounts in an environment of elevated interest rates. The contribution of net interest-free funds to net interest margin was 1.03% in the second quarter of 2024, compared with 1.04% in the first quarter of 2024. In the first six months of 2024 and 2023, the contribution of net interest-free funds to net interest margin was 1.04% and .81%, respectively. The increased contribution of net interest-free funds to net interest margin in the first six months of 2024 as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflects higher rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities used to value net interest-free funds.
Reflecting the changes to the net interest spread and the contribution of net interest-free funds as described herein, the Company’s net interest margin was 3.59% in the second quarter of 2024, compared with 3.52% in the first quarter of 2024. During the first six months of 2024 and 2023, the net interest margin was 3.56% and 3.97%, respectively. That 41 basis-point narrowing of the net interest margin reflects an increase in the rates paid on the Company's sources of funding which has outpaced the rise in yields on earning assets. Future changes in market interest rates or spreads, as well as changes in the composition of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that result in changes to spreads, could impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin.
Management assesses the potential impact of future changes in interest rates and spreads by projecting net interest income under several interest rate scenarios. In managing interest rate risk, the Company has utilized interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Under the terms of those interest rate swap agreements, the Company received payments based on the outstanding notional amount at fixed rates and made payments at variable rates. Periodic settlement amounts arising from these agreements are reflected in either the yields on earning assets or the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The Company enters into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements predominantly to hedge interest rate exposures expected in future periods. The following table summarizes information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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INTEREST RATE SWAP AGREEMENTS - DESIGNATED AS HEDGES

|  |  |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Weighted-Average Maturity (In years) |  | Weighted- Average Rate |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  | Fixed |  | Variable |
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | 5.9 |  | 3.11 | % |  | 5.72 | % |  |
Forward-starting |  |  |  |  | 1,850 |  |  | 5.4 |  | 3.87 |  |  | 5.33 |  |  |
Total fair value hedges |  |  |  |  | 3,850 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable rate commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active |  |  |  |  | 18,405 |  |  | 1.3 |  | 3.18 |  |  | 5.34 |  |  |
Forward-starting |  |  |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 2.7 |  | 3.97 |  |  | 5.33 |  |  |
Total cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  | 25,905 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,755 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate long-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | 6.4 |  | 3.11 | % |  | 5.74 | % |  |
Forward-starting |  |  |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 4.8 |  | 4.13 |  |  | 5.37 |  |  |
Total fair value hedges |  |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable rate commercial real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active |  |  |  |  | 14,977 |  |  | 1.2 |  | 3.31 |  |  | 5.35 |  |  |
Forward-starting |  |  |  |  | 9,000 |  |  | 2.5 |  | 3.67 |  |  | 5.37 |  |  |
Total cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  | 23,977 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,977 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |

Information regarding the fair value of interest rate swap agreements is presented in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements. The average notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes (excluding forward-starting interest rate swap agreements not in effect during the quarter), the related effect on net interest income and margin and the weighted-average interest rates paid or received on those swap agreements are presented in the table that follows.
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INTEREST RATE SWAP AGREEMENTS - EFFECT ON NET INTEREST INCOME

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) | Amount |  | Rate (a) |  | Amount |  | Rate (a) |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | (99) |  |  | -.21 | % |  | $ | (87) |  |  | -.18 | % |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 14 |  |  | .04 |  |  | 13 |  |  | .04 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/margin | $ | (113) |  |  | -.23 | % |  | $ | (100) |  |  | -.21 | % |  |  |  |
Average notional amount (b) | $ | 20,589 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,202 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rate received (c) |  |  | 3.21 | % |  |  |  | 3.32 | % |  |  |  |
Rate paid (c) |  |  | 5.38 |  |  |  |  | 5.38 |  |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Amount |  | Rate (a) |  | Amount |  | Rate (a)
Increase (decrease) in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | (186) |  |  | -.19 | % |  | $ | (108) |  |  | -.12 | %
Interest expense | 27 |  |  | .04 |  |  | 24 |  |  | .04 |
Net interest income/margin | $ | (213) |  |  | -.22 | % |  | $ | (132) |  |  | -.14 | %
Average notional amount (b) | $ | 19,896 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,054 |  |  |
Rate received (c) |  |  | 3.26 | % |  |  |  | 2.92 | %
Rate paid (c) |  |  | 5.38 |  |  |  |  | 5.10 |

___________________________________________
(a)Computed as an annualized percentage of average earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities.
(b)Excludes forward-starting interest rate swap agreements not in effect during the period.
(c)Weighted-average rate paid or received on interest rate swap agreements in effect during the period.
Provision for Credit Losses
A provision for credit losses is recorded to adjust the level of the allowance to reflect expected credit losses that are based on economic forecasts as of each reporting date. A provision for credit losses of $150 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $200 million in the first quarter of 2024. The lower provision for credit losses in the recent quarter as compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflects lower commercial real estate loans, including criticized loans, and modest improvement in forecasted real estate prices, partially offset by growth in certain sectors of M&T's commercial and industrial and consumer loan portfolios. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $350 million and $270 million, respectively. The higher provision for credit losses in the most recent two quarters as compared with the similar 2023 period reflects declines in commercial real estate values and higher interest rates contributing to a deterioration in the performance of loans to commercial borrowers, including nonautomotive dealers and healthcare facilities, as well as growth in certain sectors of M&T's commercial and industrial and consumer loan portfolios.
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A summary of net charge-offs by loan type and as an annualized percentage of such average loans is presented in the table that follows.
NET CHARGE-OFF (RECOVERY) INFORMATION

| Three Months Ended
| June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | March 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) |  | Annualized Percentage of Average Loans |  |  |  |  |  | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) |  | Annualized Percentage of Average Loans
Commercial and industrial | $ | 70 |  |  | .48 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | .51 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 26 |  |  | .43 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | .13 |
Residential builder and developer | — |  |  | -.06 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | .03 |
Other commercial construction | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | .69 |
Residential | — |  |  | -.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | -.01 |
Residential - limited documentation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | — |  |  | -.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | .02 |
Recreational finance | 16 |  |  | .59 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | .80 |
Automobile | 2 |  |  | .25 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | .46 |
Other | 23 |  |  | 4.41 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  | 4.03 |
Total | $ | 137 |  |  | .41 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | .42 | %

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  |  |  | 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) |  | Annualized Percentage of Average Loans |  |  |  |  |  | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) |  | Annualized Percentage of Average Loans
Commercial and industrial | $ | 143 |  |  | .50 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | .07 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 34 |  |  | .28 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  | .94 |
Residential builder and developer | — |  |  | .04 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | .25 |
Other commercial construction | 11 |  |  | .35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | -.05 |
Residential | — |  |  | -.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | -.01 |
Residential - limited documentation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | .03 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines and loans | — |  |  | -.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recreational finance | 37 |  |  | .70 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | .47 |
Automobile | 7 |  |  | .35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | .13 |
Other | 43 |  |  | 4.23 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3.10 |
Total | $ | 275 |  |  | .41 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | .30 | %

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Asset Quality
A summary of nonperforming assets and certain past due loan data and credit quality ratios is presented in the accompanying table.
NONPERFORMING ASSET AND PAST DUE LOAN DATA

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023 |
Nonaccrual loans | $ | 2,024 |  |  | $ | 2,302 |  |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  | $ | 2,435 |  |
Real estate and other foreclosed assets | 33 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 43 |  |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 2,057 |  |  | $ | 2,340 |  |  | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | 2,478 |  |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more (a) | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |
Government-guaranteed loans included in totals above: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more (a) | 215 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 294 |  |
Loans 30-89 days past due | 1,387 |  |  | 1,410 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  | 1,656 |  |
Nonaccrual loans to total net loans and leases | 1.50 | % |  | 1.71 | % |  | 1.62 | % |  | 1.83 | % |
Nonperforming assets to total net loans and leases and real estate and other foreclosed assets | 1.52 |  |  | 1.73 |  |  | 1.64 |  |  | 1.86 |  |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more to total net loans and leases | .17 |  |  | .22 |  |  | .25 |  |  | .29 |  |
Loans 30-89 days past due to total net loans and leases | 1.03 |  |  | 1.04 |  |  | 1.29 |  |  | 1.24 |  |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Predominantly government-guaranteed residential real estate loans.
The $278 million decline in nonaccrual loans from March 31, 2024 to June 30, 2024 was mainly attributable to lower commercial real estate and commercial and industrial nonaccrual loans of $213 million and $59 million, respectively. As compared with December 31, 2023, the $142 million decline in nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2024 reflects a $257 million reduction in commercial real estate nonaccrual loans, partially offset by a $135 million increase in commercial and industrial nonaccrual loans. At June 30, 2024, approximately 57% of nonaccrual commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans were considered current with respect to their payment status.
Government-guaranteed loans designated as accruing loans past due 90 days or more included one-to-four family residential mortgage loans serviced by the Company that were repurchased to reduce associated servicing costs, including a requirement to advance principal and interest payments that had not been received from individual mortgagors. Despite the loans being purchased by the Company, the insurance or guarantee by the applicable government-related entity remains in force. The outstanding principal balances of the repurchased loans included in the amounts noted herein that are guaranteed by government-related entities totaled $170 million at June 30, 2024, $195 million at March 31, 2024, $228 million at December 31, 2023 and $223 million at June 30, 2023. Accruing loans past due 90 days or more not guaranteed by government-related entities were loans considered to be with creditworthy borrowers that were in the process of collection or renewal.
Approximately 74% of loans 30 to 89 days past due were less than 60 days delinquent at June 30, 2024, compared with 73% at each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Information about past due and nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is also included in note 4 of Notes to Financial Statements.
During the normal course of business, the Company modifies loans to maximize recovery efforts. The types of modifications that the Company grants typically include principal deferrals and interest rate reductions but may also include other types of modifications. The Company may offer such modified terms to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Such modified loans may be considered nonaccrual if the Company does not expect to collect the contractual cash flows owed under the loan agreement. Information about modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is included in note 4 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company utilizes a loan grading system to differentiate risk amongst its commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans. Loans with a lower expectation of default are assigned one of ten possible “pass” loan grades while specific loans determined to have an elevated level of credit risk are designated as “criticized.” A
- 58 -

criticized loan may be designated as “nonaccrual” if the Company no longer expects to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days or more.
Line of business personnel in different geographic locations with support from and review by the Company’s credit risk personnel review and reassign loan grades based on their detailed knowledge of individual borrowers and their judgment of the impact on such borrowers resulting from changing conditions in their respective regions. The Company’s policy is that, at least annually, updated financial information is obtained from commercial borrowers associated with pass grade loans and additional analysis performed. On a quarterly basis, the Company’s centralized credit risk department personnel reviews all criticized commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans greater than $5 million to determine the appropriateness of the assigned loan grade, including whether the loan should be reported as accruing or nonaccruing. For criticized nonaccrual loans, additional meetings are held with loan officers and their managers, workout specialists and senior management to discuss each of the relationships. In analyzing criticized loans, borrower-specific information is reviewed, including operating results, future cash flows, recent developments and the borrower’s outlook, and other pertinent data. The timing and extent of potential losses, considering collateral valuation and other factors, and the Company’s potential courses of action are contemplated.
Targeted loan reviews have periodically been performed over segments of loan portfolios that are experiencing heightened credit risk due to current or anticipated economic conditions. The intention of such reviews is to identify trends across such portfolios and inform portfolio risk limits and loss mitigation strategies. The business climate in the first half of 2024 has continued to be subjected to inflationary pressures and elevated interest rates. These conditions have impacted many borrowers, particularly those with investor-owned commercial real estate loans in the hotel, office, retail, multifamily and health services sectors, including construction-related financing, and commercial and industrial loans to nonautomotive dealers and to the manufacturing and transportation industries. In 2023 and 2024, the Company completed targeted loan reviews covering the majority of its investor-owned commercial real estate portfolio, inclusive of construction loans, with a focus on criticized loans and loans with maturities in the next twelve months. The primary source of repayment of these loans is typically tenant lease payments to the investor/borrower. Elevated vacancies and higher interest rates have contributed to lower current and anticipated future debt service coverage ratios, which has and could continue to influence the ability of borrowers to make existing loan payments. Lower debt service coverage ratios and reduced commercial real estate values also impact the ability of borrowers to refinance their obligations at loan maturity. As a result, criticized investor-owned commercial real estate loans have remained elevated at $7.6 billion or 26% of such loans at June 30, 2024, $8.5 billion or 26% at March 31, 2024 and $8.8 billion or 27% of such loans at December 31, 2023. Investor-owned commercial real estate loans comprised 63%, 66% and 70% of total criticized loans at June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The weighted-average LTV ratios for investor-owned commercial real estate loans was approximately 56% at each of June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Criticized loans secured by investor-owned commercial real estate had a weighted-average LTV ratio of approximately 62% at each of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, compared with 61% at December 31, 2023.
The Company monitors its concentration of commercial real estate lending as a percentage of its Tier 1 capital plus its allowable allowance for credit losses, consistent with a metric utilized to differentiate such concentrations amongst regulated financial institutions. This metric, as prescribed in supervisory guidance, excludes loans secured by commercial real estate considered to be owner-occupied, but includes certain other loans, such as loans to real estate investment trusts, that are classified as commercial and industrial loans. The Company's commercial real estate loan concentration approximated 151% of Tier 1 capital plus its allowable allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024, compared with 176% at March 31, 2024 and 183% at December 31, 2023. The Company has intentionally reduced its relative concentration of investor-owned commercial real estate loans throughout 2023 and the first half of 2024.
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The accompanying tables summarize the outstanding balances, and associated criticized balances, of commercial and industrial loans and leases by industry and commercial real estate loans by property type, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
CRITICIZED COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LOANS

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Outstanding |  | Criticized Accrual |  | Criticized Nonaccrual |  | Total Criticized |  | Outstanding |  | Criticized Accrual |  | Criticized Nonaccrual |  | Total Criticized
Commercial and industrial excluding owner-occupied real estate by industry: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial and insurance | $ | 11,129 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 10,679 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 349 |
Services | 7,487 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 6,715 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 395 |
Motor vehicle and recreational finance dealers | 6,454 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 6,242 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 215 |
Manufacturing | 6,313 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 5,981 |  |  | 549 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 614 |
Wholesale | 4,090 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 3,803 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 225 |
Transportation, communications, utilities | 3,499 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 3,342 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 266 |
Retail | 3,048 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 2,727 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 137 |
Construction | 2,301 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 2,092 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 235 |
Health services | 1,937 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 1,950 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 325 |
Real estate investors | 1,566 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 1,684 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 193 |
Other | 1,517 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 1,889 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 173 |
Total commercial and industrial excluding owner-occupied real estate | $ | 49,341 |  |  | $ | 2,930 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 3,549 |  |  | $ | 47,104 |  |  | $ | 2,613 |  |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |
Owner-occupied real estate by industry: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services | $ | 2,211 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 2,162 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 205 |
Motor vehicle and recreational finance dealers | 1,957 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 1,867 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |
Retail | 1,614 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 1,541 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 120 |
Health services | 1,339 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 656 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 81 |
Wholesale | 919 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 940 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 30 |
Manufacturing | 813 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 88 |
Real estate investors | 771 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 38 |
Other | 1,062 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 53 |
Total owner-occupied real estate | 10,686 |  |  | 763 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 949 |  |  | 9,906 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 632 |
Total | $ | 60,027 |  |  | $ | 3,693 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | 4,498 |  |  | $ | 57,010 |  |  | $ | 3,089 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 3,759 |

CRITICIZED COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions) | Outstanding |  | Criticized Accrual |  | Criticized Nonaccrual |  | Total Criticized |  | Outstanding |  | Criticized Accrual |  | Criticized Nonaccrual |  | Total Criticized
Permanent finance by property type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Apartments/Multifamily | $ | 5,824 |  |  | $ | 882 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 990 |  |  | $ | 6,165 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 1,299 |
Retail/Service | 5,257 |  |  | 774 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 5,912 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 1,302 |
Office | 4,484 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 4,727 |  |  | 879 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 1,064 |
Health services | 2,752 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  | 3,615 |  |  | 1,364 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 1,481 |
Hotel | 2,279 |  |  | 430 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 595 |  |  | 2,510 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 706 |
Industrial/Warehouse | 1,896 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 2,034 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 237 |
Other | 274 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 30 |
Total permanent | 22,766 |  |  | 4,500 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 5,207 |  |  | 25,277 |  |  | 5,250 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 6,119 |
Construction/Development | 6,766 |  |  | 2,270 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 2,349 |  |  | 7,726 |  |  | 2,527 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 2,701 |
Total | $ | 29,532 |  |  | $ | 6,770 |  |  | $ | 786 |  |  | $ | 7,556 |  |  | $ | 33,003 |  |  | $ | 7,777 |  |  | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 8,820 |

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Total criticized commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans were $12.1 billion, $12.9 billion and $12.6 billion at June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Criticized loans represented 13.5% of total commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans at June 30, 2024, compared with 14.3% at March 31, 2024 and 14.0% at December 31, 2023. At June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, permanent finance commercial real estate loans comprised 43%, 46% and 49% of total criticized loans, respectively, whereas commercial and industrial loans represented 37%, 34% and 30%, respectively. At each of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 construction loans represented 20% of total criticized loans, compared with 21% at December 31, 2023. Loans to nonautomotive finance dealers and health services companies predominantly contributed to the $739 million increase in commercial and industrial criticized loans from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024. The $1.3 billion decline in criticized commercial real estate loans from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 was largely driven by lower criticized loans secured by retail, multifamily, health services and hotel properties, partially offset by a rise in criticized loans secured by office properties.
The Company’s loss identification and estimation techniques with respect to loans secured by residential real estate make reference to loan performance and house price data in specific areas of the country where collateral securing the Company’s residential real estate loans is located. For residential real estate-related loans, including home equity loans and lines of credit, the excess of the loan balance over the net realizable value of the property collateralizing the loan is charged-off when the loan becomes 150 days delinquent. That charge-off is based on recent indications of value from external parties that are generally obtained shortly after a loan becomes nonaccrual. Loans to consumers that file for bankruptcy are generally charged-off to estimated net collateral value shortly after the Company is notified of such filings. Limited documentation first lien mortgage loans represent loans secured by residential real estate that at origination typically included some form of limited borrower documentation requirements as compared with more traditional loans. The Company no longer originates limited documentation loans. With respect to junior lien loans, to the extent known by the Company, if a related senior lien loan would be on nonaccrual status because of payment delinquency, even if such senior lien loan was not owned by the Company, the junior lien loan or line that is owned by the Company is placed on nonaccrual status. In monitoring the credit quality of its home equity portfolio for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company reviews delinquency and nonaccrual information and considers recent charge-off experience. When evaluating individual home equity loans and lines of credit for charge-off and for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers the required repayment of any first lien positions related to collateral property. Information about the location of loans secured by residential real estate is presented in the following table.
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NONACCRUAL LOANS SECURED BY RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE

| June 30, 2024
|  |  | Nonaccrual
(Dollars in millions) | Outstanding Balances |  | Balances |  | Percent of Outstanding Balances
Residential mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
New York | $ | 6,561 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | 1.32 | %
Mid-Atlantic (a) | 6,668 |  |  | 59 |  |  | .87 |
New England (b) | 5,988 |  |  | 43 |  |  | .72 |
Other | 2,934 |  |  | 17 |  |  | .58 |
Total | $ | 22,151 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | .92 | %
Limited documentation first lien mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
New York | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | 6.55 | %
Mid-Atlantic (a) | 347 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5.64 |
New England (b) | 81 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8.80 |
Other | 36 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 9.20 |
Total | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | 6.50 | %
First lien home equity loans and lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |
New York | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | 1.81 | %
Mid-Atlantic (a) | 945 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 2.31 |
New England (b) | 450 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.18 |
Other | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 16.58 |
Total | $ | 2,212 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | 2.01 | %
Junior lien home equity loans and lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |
New York | $ | 784 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | 1.82 | %
Mid-Atlantic (a) | 939 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1.53 |
New England (b) | 601 |  |  | 6 |  |  | .96 |
Other | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | .52 |
Total | $ | 2,349 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | 1.47 | %

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Includes Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia.
(b)Includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
Factors that influence the Company’s credit loss experience include overall economic conditions affecting businesses and consumers, generally, but also residential and commercial real estate valuations, in particular, given the size of the Company’s real estate loan portfolios. Commercial real estate valuations can be highly subjective, as they are based upon many assumptions. Such valuations can be significantly affected over relatively short periods of time by changes in business climate, economic conditions, interest rates and, in many cases, the results of operations of businesses and other occupants of the real property. Similarly, residential real estate valuations can be impacted by housing trends, the availability of financing at reasonable interest rates and general economic conditions affecting consumers.
A comparative summary of consumer loans in nonaccrual status by product is presented in the following table.
NONACCRUAL CONSUMER LOANS

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Home equity lines and loans | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 81 |
Recreational finance | 25 |  |  | 36 |
Automobile | 11 |  |  | 14 |
Other | 58 |  |  | 52 |
Total | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 183 |

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Allowance for Credit Losses
Management determines the allowance for credit losses under accounting guidance that requires estimating the amount of current expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term of the loan and lease portfolio. A description of the methodologies used by the Company to estimate its allowance for credit losses can be found in note 4 of Notes to Financial Statements.
In establishing the allowance for credit losses, the Company estimates losses attributable to specific troubled credits identified through both normal and targeted credit review processes and also estimates losses for other loans and leases with similar risk characteristics on a collective basis. For purposes of determining the level of the allowance for credit losses, the Company evaluates its loan and lease portfolio by type. At the time of the Company’s analysis regarding the determination of the allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2024 concerns existed about the lingering impact of elevated levels of inflation experienced in recent years; potential liquidity shortages and tightening credit in the financial services markets; a potential slowing of the economy during the second half of 2024; the volatile nature of global markets and international economic conditions that could impact the U.S. economy; Federal Reserve positioning of monetary policy; downward pressures on commercial real estate values, especially in the office, retail, multifamily and health services sectors, and residential real estate values; higher interest rates and wage pressures impacting commercial borrowers, including nonautomotive finance dealers; and the extent to which borrowers, in particular commercial borrowers, may be negatively affected by general economic conditions.
The Company generally estimates current expected credit losses on loans with similar risk characteristics on a collective basis. To estimate expected losses, the Company utilizes statistically developed models to project principal balances over the remaining contractual lives of the loan portfolios and determine estimated credit losses through a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Company’s approach for estimating current expected credit losses for loans and leases at each period end reporting date included utilizing macroeconomic assumptions to project losses over a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Subsequent to the forecast period, the Company reverted to longer-term historical loss experience, over a period of one year, to estimate expected credit losses over the remaining contractual life. Forward-looking estimates of certain macroeconomic variables are determined by the M&T Scenario Review Committee, which is comprised of senior management business leaders and economists. The assumptions utilized as of June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are presented in the following table and were based on information available at or near the time the Company was preparing its estimate of expected credit losses as of those dates.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES MACROECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS

| June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Year 1 |  | Year 2 |  | Cumulative |  | Year 1 |  | Year 2 |  | Cumulative |  | Year 1 |  | Year 2 |  | Cumulative
National unemployment rate | 4.5 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  |
Real GDP growth rate | 1.2 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | .9 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 2.8 | %
Commercial real estate price index growth/decline rate | -4.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | .7 |  |  | -6.9 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | -1.5 |  |  | -9.1 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | -4.5 |
Home price index growth/ decline rate | -.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | -2.0 |  |  | .4 |  |  | -1.6 |  |  | -3.2 |  |  | -.1 |  |  | -3.3 |

In establishing the allowance for credit losses, the Company also considers the impact of portfolio concentrations, imprecision in economic forecasts, geopolitical conditions and other risk factors that influence the loss estimation process. With respect to economic forecasts, the Company assessed the likelihood of alternative economic scenarios during the two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Generally, an increase in unemployment rate or a decrease in any of the rate of change in GDP, commercial real estate prices or home prices could have an adverse impact on expected credit losses and may result in an increase to the allowance for credit losses. Forward-looking economic forecasts are subject to inherent imprecision and future events may differ materially from forecasted events. In consideration of such uncertainty, the following alternative economic scenarios were considered to estimate the possible impact on modeled credit losses.
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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SENSITIVITIES

| June 30, 2024
| Year 1 |  | Year 2 |  | Cumulative
Potential downside economic scenario: |  |  |  |  |
National unemployment rate | 6.7 | % |  | 7.7 | % |  |
Real GDP growth/decline rate | -2.3 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | -.7 | %
Commercial real estate price index decline rate | -15.5 |  |  | -2.7 |  |  | -17.9 |
Home price index growth/decline rate | -9.3 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | -7.6 |
Potential upside economic scenario: |  |  |  |  |
National unemployment rate | 3.3 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |
Real GDP growth rate | 3.6 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 6.0 |
Commercial real estate price index growth rate | 1.2 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 9.6 |
Home price index growth rate | 4.9 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 9.2 |

(Dollars in millions) | Impact to Modeled Credit Losses Increase (Decrease)
Potential downside economic scenario | $ | 361 |
Potential upside economic scenario | (162) |

These examples are only a few of the numerous possible economic scenarios that could be utilized in assessing the sensitivity of expected credit losses. The estimated impacts on credit losses in such scenarios pertain only to modeled credit losses and do not include consideration of other factors the Company may evaluate when determining its allowance for credit losses. As a result, it is possible that the Company may, at another point in time, reach different conclusions regarding credit loss estimates. The Company’s process for determining the allowance for credit losses undergoes quarterly and periodic evaluations by independent risk management personnel, which among many other considerations, evaluate the reasonableness of management’s methodology and significant assumptions. Further information about the Company’s methodology to estimate expected credit losses is included in note 4 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Management has assessed that the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses inherent in the portfolio as of that date. The allowance for credit losses totaled $2.2 billion at each of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, compared with $2.1 billion at December 31, 2023. As a percentage of loans and leases outstanding, the allowance was 1.63% at June 30, 2024, 1.62% at March 31, 2024 and 1.59% at December 31, 2023. The increase in the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding since December 31, 2023 reflects a higher level of credit losses expected on certain commercial borrowers, including nonautomotive dealers, health services facilities and transportation companies. Included in the allocation of the allowance for credit losses were reserves for loans secured by office properties of 4.33% at June 30, 2024 and 4.37% at each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The level of the allowance reflects management’s evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio using the methodology and considering the factors as described herein. Should the various economic forecasts and credit factors considered by management in establishing the allowance for credit losses change and should management’s assessment of losses in the loan portfolio also change, the level of the allowance as a percentage of loans could increase or decrease in future periods. The reported level of the allowance reflects management’s evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio as of each respective date. Furthermore, the Company's allowance is general in nature and is available to absorb losses from any loan or lease category.
The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 109%, 95% and 98%, respectively. Given the Company’s general position as a secured lender and its practice of charging off loan balances when collection is deemed doubtful, that ratio and changes in the ratio are generally not an indicative measure of the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for credit losses, nor does management rely upon that ratio in assessing the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for credit losses.
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Other Income
The components of other income are presented in the accompanying table.
OTHER INCOME

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Mortgage banking revenues | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 9 | %
Service charges on deposit accounts | 127 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 8 |
Trust income | 170 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 366 |  |  | (36) |  |  | -10 |
Brokerage services income | 30 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 21 |
Trading account and other non-hedging derivative gains | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -29 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (12) |  |  | -44 |
Gain (loss) on bank investment securities | (8) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |
Other revenues from operations | 152 |  |  | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | 522 |  |  | (218) |  |  | -42 |
Total other income | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 1,164 |  |  | $ | 1,390 |  |  | $ | (226) |  |  | -16 | %

Mortgage banking revenues
Mortgage banking revenues are comprised of both residential and commercial mortgage banking activities, which consist of realized gains and losses from sales of real estate loans and loan servicing rights, unrealized gains and losses on real estate loans held for sale and related commitments, real estate loan servicing fees, and other real estate loan related fees and income. The Company's involvement in commercial mortgage banking activities includes the origination, sales and servicing of loans under the multifamily loan programs of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Residential mortgage banking revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on loans originated for sale | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 24 | %
Loan servicing fees | 38 |  |  | 39 |  |  | (1) |  |  | -3 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 34 |
Loan sub-servicing and other fees | 31 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (1) |  |  | -5 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (1) |  |  | -1 |
Total loan servicing revenues | 69 |  |  | 71 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -4 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 16 |
Total residential mortgage banking revenues | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | -3 | % |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 17 | %
New commitments to originate loans for sale | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | 38 | % |  | $ | 687 |  |  | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | 3 | %

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023
Balances at period end |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for sale | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 216 |
Commitments to originate loans for sale | 281 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 243 |
Commitments to sell loans | 419 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 393 |
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights | 409 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 505 |
Loans serviced for others | 39,034 |  |  | 39,598 |  |  | 40,021 |  |  | 40,943 |
Loans sub-serviced for others (a) | 112,486 |  |  | 111,964 |  |  | 115,321 |  |  | 112,756 |
Total loans serviced for others | $ | 151,520 |  |  | $ | 151,562 |  |  | $ | 155,342 |  |  | $ | 153,699 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)The contractual servicing rights associated with residential mortgage loans sub-serviced by the Company were predominantly held by affiliates of BLG. Information about the Company’s relationship with BLG and its affiliates is included in note 16 of Notes to Financial Statements.
•The increase in residential mortgage loan servicing fees of $20 million in the six-month period ending June 30, 2024 as compared with the same 2023 period primarily reflects a $350 million bulk purchase of residential mortgage loan servicing rights associated with $19.5 billion of residential real estate loans on March 31, 2023.
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COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Commercial mortgage banking revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on loans originated for sale | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 68 | % |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | -22 | %
Loan servicing fees and other | 18 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | -6 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Total commercial mortgage banking revenues | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 16 | % |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | -7 | %
Loans originated for sale to other investors | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 1,044 |  |  | $ | (418) |  |  | -40 | % |  | $ | 1,670 |  |  | $ | 1,612 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | 4 | %

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023
Balances at period end |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for sale | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Commitments to originate loans for sale | 682 |  |  | 451 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 310 |
Commitments to sell loans | 850 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 632 |
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights | 120 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 124 |
Loans serviced for others (a) | 25,541 |  |  | 24,771 |  |  | 24,157 |  |  | 23,124 |
Loans sub-serviced for others | 3,927 |  |  | 3,906 |  |  | 3,873 |  |  | 3,764 |
Total loans serviced for others | $ | 29,468 |  |  | $ | 28,677 |  |  | $ | 28,030 |  |  | $ | 26,888 |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Includes loan balances for which investors had recourse to the Company if such balances are ultimately uncollectible of $4.0 billion at each of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, and $3.9 billion at each of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023.
•The increase in gains on commercial mortgage loans originated for sale in the second quarter of 2024 as compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflects higher volumes of new commitments to originate commercial real estate loans for sale.
•The decrease in gains on commercial mortgage loans originated for sale in the first half of 2024 as compared with the first half of 2023 reflects lower volumes of new commitments to originate commercial real estate loans for sale, which were influenced by a higher interest rate environment.
Service charges on deposit accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts for the first six months of 2024 increased $19 million as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflecting higher commercial service charges from pricing changes and increased customer usage of sweep products.
Trust income
Trust income primarily includes revenues from two significant businesses managed within the Company's Institutional Services and Wealth Management segment. The Institutional Services business provides a variety of trustee, agency, investment management and administrative services for corporations and institutions, investment bankers, corporate tax, finance and legal executives, and other institutional clients who: (i) use capital markets financing structures; (ii) use independent trustees to hold assets (including retirement plan assets prior to the sale of CIT); and (iii) need investment and cash management services. The Wealth Management business offers personal trust, planning, fiduciary, asset management, family office and other services designed to help high net worth individuals and families grow, preserve and transfer wealth.
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TRUST INCOME AND ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Trust income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Institutional Services | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | 7 | % |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | (42) |  |  | -20 | %
Wealth Management | 82 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |
Commercial | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 114 |
Total trust income | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 6 | % |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | -10 | %

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023
Assets under management at period end |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trust assets under management (excluding proprietary funds) | $ | 65,274 |  |  | $ | 65,191 |  |  | $ | 63,963 |  |  | $ | 64,398 |
Proprietary mutual funds | 14,139 |  |  | 15,280 |  |  | 14,772 |  |  | 14,103 |
Total assets under management | $ | 79,413 |  |  | $ | 80,471 |  |  | $ | 78,735 |  |  | $ | 78,501 |

Trust income was $170 million in the recent quarter up $10 million from $160 million in the first quarter of 2024.
•Institutional Services trust income increased $6 million reflecting higher sales and fund management fees from its global capital markets business.
•Wealth Management income increased $4 million reflecting seasonal tax service fees in the recent quarter.
For the six months ended June 30, 2024 trust income totaled $330 million, compared with $366 million in the similar 2023 period.
•In April 2023, M&T completed the divestiture of its CIT business to a private equity firm. Revenues associated with that business and included in Institutional Services trust income totaled $60 million in the first half of 2023. After considering expenses, the results of operations of that business were not material to M&T's net income in 2023's initial six months.
•Institutional Services trust income not related to the CIT business increased $18 million for the first six months of 2024 as compared with the similar 2023 period reflecting higher sales and fund management fees from its global capital markets business.
•The higher level of trust income from the Wealth Management business reflected higher levels of assets under management and improved market performance.
Brokerage services income
Brokerage services income, which includes revenues from the sale of mutual funds and annuities, securities brokerage fees and select investment products of LPL Financial, an independent financial services broker, increased $10 million in the first six months of 2024 as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflecting higher annuities sales.
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Other revenues from operations
The components of other revenues from operations are presented in the accompanying table.
OTHER REVENUES FROM OPERATIONS

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Letter of credit and other credit-related fees | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 3 | %
Merchant discount and credit card fees | 46 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Bank owned life insurance revenue (a) | 17 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 22 |
Equipment operating lease income | 9 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -12 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (12) |  |  | -38 |
BLG income (b) | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (25) |  |  | -100 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 25 |
Gain on divestiture of CIT | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  | (225) |  |  | -100 |
Other | 31 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |
Total other revenues from operations | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | (218) |  |  | -42 | %

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Tax-exempt income earned from bank owned life insurance includes increases in the cash surrender value of life insurance policies and benefits received. The Company owns both general account and separate account life insurance policies. To the extent market conditions change such that the market value of assets in a separate account bank owned life insurance policy becomes less than the previously recorded cash surrender value, an adjustment is recorded as a reduction to other revenues from operations.
(b)During 2017, the operating losses of BLG resulted in M&T reducing the carrying value of its investment in BLG to zero. Subsequently, M&T has received cash distributions when declared by BLG that result in the recognition of income by M&T. M&T expects cash distributions from BLG in the future, but the timing and amount of those distributions are not within M&T's control. BLG is entitled to receive distributions from its affiliates that provide asset management and other services that are available for distribution to BLG’s owners, including M&T. Information about the Company’s relationship with BLG and its affiliates is included in note 16 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Other revenues from operations in 2024's second quarter as compared with the initial 2024 quarter reflect increases in merchant discount and credit card fees, letter of credit and other credit-related fees and distributions from renewable energy and certain other tax credit investments. In the first quarter of 2024, other revenues from operations included a $25 million distribution from BLG.
Other revenues from operations in the first six months of 2024 declined $218 million from the first half of 2023 reflecting a $225 million gain on the sale of the CIT business in April 2023, a $12 million decline in operating lease income reflecting higher gains on sales of leased equipment recognized in the 2023 period, partially offset by a $6 million increase in tax-exempt income earned from bank owned life insurance and a $5 million increase in distributions received from M&T's investment in BLG.
Other Expense
The components of other expense are presented in the accompanying table.
OTHER EXPENSE

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | (69) |  |  | -8 | % |  | $ | 1,597 |  |  | $ | 1,546 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | 3 | %
Equipment and net occupancy | 125 |  |  | 129 |  |  | (4) |  |  | -3 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 256 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -1 |
Outside data processing and software | 124 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 15 |
Professional and other services | 91 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 225 |  |  | (49) |  |  | -22 |
FDIC assessments | 37 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (23) |  |  | -38 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 67 |
Advertising and marketing | 27 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 59 |  |  | (12) |  |  | -20 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -15 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (4) |  |  | -14 |
Other costs of operations | 116 |  |  | 134 |  |  | (18) |  |  | -13 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 264 |  |  | (14) |  |  | -5 |
Total other expense | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | (99) |  |  | -7 | % |  | $ | 2,693 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | 2 | %

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Salaries and employee benefits
•The number of full time equivalent employees was 22,110 at June 30, 2024, compared with 21,980 at December 31, 2023 and 22,946 at June 30, 2023.
•Salaries and employee benefits expenses decreased $69 million in the recent quarter as compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflecting seasonally higher stock-based compensation, payroll related-taxes and other employee benefits expense in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by the full-quarter impact of annual merit increases awarded in the first quarter of 2024.
•Salaries and employee benefits expenses increased $51 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the year-earlier period reflecting higher salaries expense from annual merit and other increases and a rise in incentive compensation, partially offset by lower employee staffing levels.
Nonpersonnel expenses
•FDIC assessments reflect estimated special assessment expense of $5 million and $29 million in the second and first quarter of 2024, respectively, related to the FDIC's updated loss estimates associated with certain failed banks.
•Nonpersonnel expenses aggregated $533 million in the recent quarter as compared with $563 million in the first quarter of 2024. After considering the FDIC special assessment expenses in the first and second quarter of 2024, the $6 million decrease in the recent quarter as compared with 2024's first quarter reflects a decline in other costs of operations of $18 million that included lower expenses associated with the Company's supplemental executive retirement savings plan and losses on lease terminations related to certain vacated properties in the first quarter of 2024. That decline was partially offset by higher expenses for advertising and marketing and professional and other services in the first half of 2024.
•Nonpersonnel expenses decreased $10 million to $1.10 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with $1.11 billion in the first half of 2023. A decline in professional and other services expenses of $49 million, predominantly from lower sub-advisory fees following the sale of the CIT business in April 2023 and check fraud and other losses, were partially offset by higher FDIC assessments expense of $39 million. Estimated FDIC special assessment expense of $34 million was recognized in the first half of 2024.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $200 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $133 million in the first quarter of 2024. For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the provision for income taxes was $333 million and $516 million, respectively. The effective tax rates were 23.4% and 20.0% for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively, and 21.9% and 24.8% for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The first quarter of 2024 income tax expense included a net discrete benefit related to the resolution of a tax matter inherited from the acquisition of People's United. The effective tax rate is affected by the level of income earned that is exempt from tax relative to the overall level of pre-tax income, the amount of income allocated to the various state and local jurisdictions where the Company operates, because tax rates differ among such jurisdictions, and the impact of any large discrete or infrequently occurring items. The Company’s effective tax rate in future periods may also be affected by any change in income tax laws or regulations and interpretations of income tax regulations that differ from the Company’s interpretations by any of the various tax authorities that may examine tax returns filed by M&T or any of its subsidiaries.
Liquidity Risk
As a financial intermediary, the Company is exposed to various risks, including liquidity and market risk. Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to ensure that sufficient cash flow and liquid assets are available to satisfy current and future obligations, including demands for loans and deposit withdrawals, funding operating costs and other corporate purposes. Liquidity risk arises whenever cash flows associated with financial instruments included in assets and liabilities differ.
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The most significant source of funding for the Company is core deposits, which are generated from a large base of consumer, corporate and institutional customers. That customer base has, over the past several years, become more geographically diverse as a result of expansion of the Company’s businesses. Nevertheless, the Company faces competition in offering products and services from a large array of financial market participants, including banks, thrifts, mutual funds, securities dealers and others. Core deposits have remained stable in 2024, totaling $146.2 billion and $146.5 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The Company supplements funding provided through deposits with various short-term and long-term wholesale borrowings, including overnight federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements, advances from FHLBs, brokered deposits and longer-term borrowings. M&T Bank has access to additional funding sources through secured borrowings from the FHLB of New York and the FRB of New York. M&T Bank is also a counterparty to the FRB of New York standing repurchase agreement facility, which allows it to enter into overnight repurchase transactions using eligible investment securities. The Company has, in the past, issued subordinated capital notes and junior subordinated debentures associated with trust preferred securities to provide liquidity and enhance regulatory capital ratios. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, long-term borrowings aggregated $11.3 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, and short-term borrowings aggregated $4.8 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Information about the Company's borrowings is presented in note 5 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company has benefited from the placement of brokered deposits. The Company had brokered savings and interest-checking deposit accounts which aggregated $8.2 billion at June 30, 2024 and $7.8 billion at December 31, 2023. Reflecting a mix shift in the Company's wholesale funding strategy, brokered time deposits totaled $2.4 billion at June 30, 2024, down $3.7 billion from $6.1 billion at December 31, 2023, as brokered time deposits matured. Approximately 80% of brokered time deposits at June 30, 2024 have a contractual maturity date in the next 12 months.
Total uninsured deposits were estimated to be $68.0 billion at June 30, 2024 and $67.0 billion at December 31, 2023. Approximately $10.3 billion and $10.7 billion of those uninsured deposits were collateralized by the Company at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company maintains available liquidity sources which represent approximately 141% of uninsured deposits that are not collateralized by the Company at June 30, 2024.
The Company’s ability to obtain funding from these sources could be negatively impacted should the Company experience a substantial deterioration in its financial condition or its debt ratings or should the availability of funding become restricted due to a disruption in the financial markets. The Company attempts to quantify such risks by conducting scenario analyses that estimate the liquidity impact resulting from a debt ratings downgrade and other market events. Such impact is estimated by attempting to measure the effect on available unsecured lines of credit, available capacity from secured borrowing sources and securitizable assets.
M&T’s primary source of funds to pay for operating expenses, shareholder dividends and treasury stock repurchases has historically been the receipt of dividends from its bank subsidiaries, which are subject to various regulatory limitations. Dividends from any bank subsidiary to M&T are limited by the amount of earnings of the subsidiary in the current year and the two preceding years. For purposes of that test, at June 30, 2024 approximately $1.9 billion was available for payment of dividends to M&T from bank subsidiaries. M&T may also obtain funding through long-term borrowings. Further information about the long-term outstanding borrowings of M&T is provided in note 5 of Notes to Financial Statements. As a bank holding company, M&T is obligated to serve as a managerial and financial source of strength to its bank subsidiaries as described in Part I, Item 1, "Business" in M&T's 2023 Annual Report. As its ability to access the capital markets may be affected by market disruptions, M&T maintains sufficient cash resources at its parent company to satisfy projected cash outflows for an extended period without reliance on dividends from subsidiaries or external financing. As of June 30, 2024, M&T's parent company liquidity covered projected cash outflows for more than 24 months, including dividends on common and preferred stock, debt service and scheduled debt maturities.
In addition to deposits and borrowings, other sources of liquidity include maturities and repayments of investment securities, loans and other earning assets, as well as cash generated from operations, such as fees collected for services. The Company also has the ability to securitize or sell certain financial assets, including various loan types, to provide other liquidity alternatives. U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities and government issued or
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guaranteed mortgage-backed securities comprised 91% of the Company's debt securities portfolio at June 30, 2024. The weighted-average durations of debt investment securities available for sale and held to maturity at June 30, 2024 were 2.1 years and 5.3 years, respectively.
The Company enters into contractual obligations in the normal course of business that require future cash payments. Such obligations include, among others, payments related to deposits, borrowings, leases and other contractual commitments. Off-balance sheet commitments to customers may impact liquidity, including commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, commercial letters of credit, financial guarantees and indemnification contracts, and commitments to sell real estate loans. Because many of these commitments or contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows. Further discussion of these commitments is provided in note 14 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company's Executive ALCO Committee closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position on an ongoing basis for compliance with internal policies and regulatory expectations. As a Category IV institution, the Company adheres to enhanced liquidity standards which require the performance of internal liquidity stress testing. The stress testing is designed to ensure the Company has sufficient liquidity to withstand both institution-specific and market-wide stress scenarios. For each scenario, the Company applies liquidity stress which may include deposit run-off, increased draws on unfunded loan commitments, increased collateral need for margin calls, increased haircuts on investment security-based funding and reductions in unsecured and secured borrowing capacity. Stress scenarios are measured over various time frames ranging from overnight to twelve months. As required by regulation, the Company maintains a liquidity buffer comprised of cash and highly liquid unencumbered securities to cover a 30-day stress horizon. Liquidity stress events occurring over longer time horizons can be mitigated by the availability of secured funding sources at the FHLB of New York and FRB of New York. The following table is a summary of the Company's available sources of liquidity at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
AVAILABLE LIQUIDITY SOURCES

(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Deposits at the FRB of New York | $ | 24,678 |  |  | $ | 27,957 |
Unused secured borrowing facilities: |  |  |
FRB of New York | 21,485 |  |  | 17,106 |
FHLB of New York | 15,240 |  |  | 16,765 |
Unencumbered investment securities (after estimated haircuts) | 20,079 |  |  | 16,480 |
Total | $ | 81,482 |  |  | $ | 78,308 |

Management continuously evaluates the use and mix of its various available funding alternatives, including short-term borrowings, issuances of long-term debt, the placement of brokered deposits and the securitization of certain loan products. Management does not anticipate engaging in any activities, either currently or in the long term, for which adequate funding would not be available and would therefore result in a significant strain on liquidity at either M&T or its subsidiary banks. In accordance with liquidity regulations, the Company maintains a contingency funding plan to facilitate on-going liquidity management in times of liquidity stress. The plan outlines various funding options available during a liquidity stress event and establishes a clear escalation protocol to be followed within the Company's risk management framework. The plan sets forth funding strategies and procedures that management can quickly leverage to assist in decision-making and specifies roles and responsibilities for departments impacted by a potential liquidity stress event.
Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in the market prices and/or interest rates of the Company’s financial instruments. The primary market risk the Company is exposed to is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk arises from the Company’s core banking activities of lending and deposit-taking, because assets and liabilities reprice at different times and by different amounts as interest rates change. As a result, net interest income earned by the Company is subject to the effects of changing interest rates. The Company measures interest rate risk by calculating the variability of net interest income in future periods under various interest rate scenarios using projected balances for earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and derivatives used to hedge interest rate risk. Management’s philosophy toward interest rate risk management is to limit the variability of net interest income. The balances of
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financial instruments used in the projections are based on expected growth from forecasted business opportunities, anticipated prepayments of loans and investment securities, and expected maturities of investment securities, loans and deposits. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to help manage exposure to interest rate risk. At June 30, 2024, the aggregate notional amount of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes that were currently in effect was $20.4 billion. In addition, the Company has entered into $9.4 billion of forward-starting interest rate swap agreements designated for hedging purposes. Information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes is included herein under the heading “Net Interest Margin” and in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company’s Executive ALCO Committee monitors the sensitivity of the Company’s net interest income to changes in interest rates with the aid of a computer model that forecasts net interest income under different interest rate scenarios. In modeling changing interest rates, the Company considers different yield curve shapes that consider both parallel (that is, simultaneous changes in interest rates at each point on the yield curve) and non-parallel (that is, allowing interest rates at points on the yield curve to vary by different amounts) shifts in the yield curve. In utilizing the model, market-implied forward interest rates over the subsequent twelve months are generally used to determine a base interest rate scenario for the net interest income simulation. That calculated base net interest income is then compared with the income calculated under the varying interest rate scenarios. The model considers the impact of ongoing lending and deposit-gathering activities, as well as interrelationships in the magnitude and timing of the repricing of financial instruments, including the effect of changing interest rates on expected prepayments and maturities. When deemed prudent, management has taken actions to mitigate exposure to interest rate risk through the use of on- or off-balance sheet financial instruments and intends to do so in the future. Possible actions include, but are not limited to, changes in the pricing of loan and deposit products, modifying the composition of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and adding to, modifying or terminating existing interest rate swap agreements or other financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes.
The accompanying table as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 displays the estimated impact on net interest income in the base scenario described above resulting from parallel changes in interest rates across repricing categories during the first modeling year.
SENSITIVITY OF NET INTEREST INCOME TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES

|  | Calculated Increase (Decrease) in Projected Net Interest Income
(Dollars in millions) |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Changes in interest rates |  |  |  |
+200 basis points |  | $ | (57) |  |  | $ | (18) |
+100 basis points |  | (9) |  | 20
-100 basis points |  | (6) |  | (46)
-200 basis points |  | (19) |  | (83)

The Company utilized many assumptions to calculate the impact that changes in interest rates may have on net interest income. The more significant of those assumptions included the rate of prepayments of mortgage-related assets, cash flows from derivative and other financial instruments, loan and deposit volumes, mix and pricing, and deposit maturities. In the scenarios presented, the Company also assumed gradual changes in interest rates during a twelve-month period as compared with the base scenario. Changes in amounts presented since December 31, 2023 reflect changes in portfolio composition (including shifts between noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits, lower levels of brokered time deposits and higher levels of borrowings), the level of market-implied forward interest rates and hedging actions taken by the Company. Amidst the rising interest rate environment since the first quarter of 2022, M&T's cumulative deposit pricing beta, which is the change in deposit pricing in response to a change in market interest rates, approximated 55 percent. Excluding brokered deposits that cumulative pricing beta approximated 50 percent. The assumptions used in interest rate sensitivity modeling are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the Company cannot precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may differ significantly from those presented due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates and changes in market conditions and interest rate differentials (spreads) between maturity/repricing categories, as well as any actions, such as those previously described, which management may take to counter such
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changes. Management also uses an “economic value of equity” model to supplement the modeling technique described above and provide a long-term interest rate risk metric. Economic value of equity is a point-in-time analysis of the economic sensitivity of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions that incorporates all cash flows over their estimated remaining lives. Management measures the impact of changes in market values due to interest rates under a number of scenarios, including immediate shifts of the yield curve.
In addition to the effect of interest rates, changes in fair value of the Company’s financial instruments can also result from a lack of trading activity for similar instruments in the financial markets. Information about the fair valuation of financial instruments is presented in note 13 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company enters into interest rate and foreign exchange contracts to meet the financial needs of customers that it includes in its financial statements as other non-hedging derivatives within other assets and other liabilities. Financial instruments utilized for such activities consist predominantly of interest rate swap agreements and forward and futures contracts related to foreign currencies. The Company generally mitigates the foreign currency and interest rate risk associated with customer activities by entering into offsetting positions with third parties that are also included in other assets and other liabilities. The fair values of non-hedging derivative positions associated with interest rate contracts and foreign currency and other option and futures contracts are presented in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements. As with any non-government guaranteed financial instrument, the Company is exposed to credit risk associated with counterparties to the Company’s non-hedging derivative activities. Although the notional amounts of these contracts are not recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, the unsettled fair values of such financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair values of such non-hedging derivative assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet were $245 million and $992 million, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and $256 million and $898 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. The fair value asset and liability amounts at June 30, 2024 have been reduced by contractual settlements of $861 million and $16 million, respectively, and at December 31, 2023 have been reduced by contractual settlements of $783 million and $32 million, respectively. The amounts associated with the Company's non-hedging derivative activities at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 reflect changes in values associated with interest rate swap agreements entered into with commercial customers that are not subject to periodic variation margin settlement payments.
Trading account assets were $99 million at June 30, 2024 and $106 million at December 31, 2023. Included in trading account assets were assets related to deferred compensation plans of $22 million at each of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Changes in the fair values of such assets are recorded as trading account and other non-hedging derivative gains in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Included in accrued interest and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet were $26 million and $27 million of liabilities related to deferred compensation plans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Changes in the balances of such liabilities due to the valuation of allocated investment options to which the liabilities are indexed and recorded in other costs of operations in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Also included in trading account assets were investments in mutual funds and other assets that the Company was required to hold under terms of certain non-qualified supplemental retirement and other benefit plans that were assumed by the Company in various acquisitions. Those assets totaled $77 million at June 30, 2024 and $80 million at December 31, 2023.
Given the Company’s policies and positions, management believes that the potential loss exposure to the Company resulting from market risk associated with trading account and other non-hedging derivative activities was not material at June 30, 2024, however, as previously noted, the Company is exposed to credit risk associated with counterparties to transactions related to the Company’s actions to mitigate foreign currency and interest rate risk associated with customer activities. Information about the Company’s use of derivative financial instruments is included in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Capital
The following table presents components related to shareholders' equity and dividends. Reconciliations of total common shareholders’ equity and tangible common equity and total assets and tangible assets as of each of those dates are presented in Table 2.
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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY, DIVIDENDS AND SELECT RATIOS

(Dollars in millions, except per share) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023 |
Preferred stock | $ | 2,744 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |
Common shareholders' equity | 25,680 |  |  | 24,946 |  |  | 23,790 |  |
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 28,424 |  |  | $ | 26,957 |  |  | $ | 25,801 |  |
Per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shareholders’ equity | $ | 153.57 |  |  | $ | 150.15 |  |  | $ | 143.41 |  |
Tangible common shareholders’ equity | 102.42 |  |  | 98.54 |  |  | 91.58 |  |
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity to total assets | 13.61 | % |  | 12.94 | % |  | 12.42 | % |
Tangible common shareholders' equity to tangible assets | 8.55 |  |  | 8.20 |  |  | 7.63 |  |
Cash dividends declared for quarter ended: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock (a) | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |
Common stock per share | 1.35 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.30 |  |
Preferred stock (a) | 27 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |  |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Common stock dividends were $447 million and $436 million and preferred stock dividends were $52 million and $50 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
On May 13, 2024, M&T issued 75,000 shares of Perpetual 7.5% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share. On July 10, 2024, M&T announced its intention to redeem all 350,000 outstanding shares of its Perpetual Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, on August 15, 2024. Additional information about issued and outstanding preferred stock of M&T is included in note 6 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Shareholders’ equity reflects accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which includes the net after-tax impact of unrealized gains or losses on investment securities classified as available for sale, gains or losses associated with interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges and adjustments to reflect the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the following table.
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - NET OF INCOME TAX

(Dollars in millions, except per share) | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | June 30, 2023
Investment securities unrealized losses, net (a) | $ | (179) |  |  | $ | (187) |  |  | $ | (328) |
Cash flow hedges unrealized losses, net (b) | (246) |  |  | (151) |  |  | (325) |
Defined benefit plans adjustments, net (c) | (118) |  |  | (115) |  |  | (205) |
Other, net | (8) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (7) |
Total | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | (459) |  |  | $ | (865) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, per common share | $ | (3.29) |  |  | $ | (2.76) |  |  | $ | (5.21) |

_______________________________________________________________
(a)Refer to note 3 of Notes to Financial Statements.
(b)Refer to note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
(c)Refer to note 8 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Reflected in the carrying amount of available-for-sale investment securities at June 30, 2024 were pre-tax effect unrealized gains of $12 million on securities with an amortized cost of $2.4 billion and pre-tax effect unrealized losses of $251 million on securities with an amortized cost of $11.7 billion. Information concerning the Company’s fair valuations of investment securities is provided in notes 3 and 13 of Notes to Financial Statements. As also described in note 3 of Notes to Financial Statements, the Company does not expect any material credit-related losses with respect to its investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2024.
Pursuant to previously approved capital plans and authorizations approved by M&T's Board of Directors, M&T repurchased 3,838,157 shares of its common stock for a total cost of $600 million, including the share repurchase excise tax, in the first six months of 2023. No common stock repurchases occurred in the first half of 2024. Discretion as to the amount and timing of authorized share repurchases in a given period has been delegated, through the authorization of the Board of Directors, to management and can be influenced by capital and liquidity
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requirements, including funding of future loan growth and other balance sheet management activities, as well as market and economic conditions.
M&T and its subsidiary banks are required to comply with applicable Capital Rules. Pursuant to those regulations, the minimum capital ratios are as follows:
•4.5% CET1 to RWA (each as defined in the Capital Rules);
•6.0% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus additional Tier 1 capital) to RWA (each as defined in the Capital Rules);
•8.0% Total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to RWA (each as defined in the Capital Rules); and
•4.0% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the “leverage ratio”), as defined in the Capital Rules.
Capital Rules require buffers in addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratios noted above. M&T is subject to a SCB requirement that is determined through the Federal Reserve’s supervisory stress tests and M&T’s bank subsidiaries are subject to a 2.5% capital conservation buffer requirement. The buffer requirement must be composed entirely of CET1. M&T's current SCB is 4.0%. In June 2024, the Federal Reserve released the results of its most recent supervisory stress tests. Based on those results, M&T's SCB is estimated to be 3.8% effective October 1, 2024.
The regulatory capital ratios of the Company and its bank subsidiaries, M&T Bank and Wilmington Trust, N.A., as of June 30, 2024 are presented in the accompanying table.
REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS
June 30, 2024

(Dollars in millions) | M&T (Consolidated) |  | M&T Bank |  | Wilmington Trust, N.A.
CET1 | 11.45 | % |  | 12.16 | % |  | 268.47 | %
Tier 1 capital | 13.23 |  |  | 12.16 |  |  | 268.47 |
Total capital | 14.88 |  |  | 13.60 |  |  | 268.89 |
Tier 1 leverage | 10.04 |  |  | 9.22 |  |  | 87.74 |
RWA | $ | 154,646 |  |  | $ | 154,158 |  |  | $ | 226 |

Capital Rules generally require the deduction of goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets, net of applicable deferred taxes, from the calculation of capital in the determination of the minimum capital ratios. As a result of previous business acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $8.5 billion and core deposit and other intangible assets of $119 million at June 30, 2024. Goodwill, as required by GAAP, is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment at least annually at the business reporting unit level. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2023 and concluded the amount of goodwill was not impaired at the testing date. The Company has not identified events or circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a business reporting unit below its carrying amount at June 30, 2024. Should a business reporting unit with assigned goodwill experience declines in revenue, increased credit losses or expenses, or other adverse developments due to economic, regulatory, competition or other factors, that would be material to that reporting unit, an impairment of goodwill could occur in a future period that could be material to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet and its Consolidated Statement of Income. Although a goodwill impairment charge would not have a significant impact on the Company's regulatory tangible capital ratios, it would reduce the capacity of its bank subsidiary, M&T Bank, to dividend earnings to M&T. As described herein under the heading "Liquidity Risk", M&T's parent company liquidity at June 30, 2024 covered projected cash outflows for more than 24 months, including dividends on common and preferred stock, debt service and scheduled debt maturities. Information concerning goodwill and other intangible assets is included in note 8 of Notes to Financial Statements in M&T's 2023 Annual Report.
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The Company is subject to the comprehensive regulatory framework applicable to bank and financial holding companies and their subsidiaries, which includes examinations by a number of regulators. Regulation of financial institutions such as M&T and its subsidiaries is intended primarily for the protection of depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC and the banking and financial system as a whole, and generally is not intended for the protection of shareholders, investors or creditors other than insured depositors. Changes in laws, regulations and regulatory policies applicable to the Company’s operations can increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive environment in which the Company operates, all of which could have a material effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and on M&T’s ability to pay dividends. For additional information concerning this comprehensive regulatory framework, refer to Part I, Item 1 of M&T's 2023 Annual Report.
On July 27, 2023, the federal banking agencies issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to modify the regulatory capital requirements applicable to large banking organizations with total assets exceeding $100 billion, like the Company, to calculate RWAs using the higher of (i) an expanded risk-based approach and (ii) the current standardized approach and revised market risk requirements, among other changes described in Part I, Item 1 of M&T's 2023 Annual Report. Management is in the process of evaluating the impact of the proposed rule on the regulatory capital requirements of M&T and its subsidiary banks and currently estimates the proposed rules would increase the Company's RWA by a percentage in the mid-single digits.
Segment Information
Reportable segments have been determined based upon the Company's organizational structure and its internal profitability reporting system. Financial information about the Company's segments is presented in note 15 of Notes to Financial Statements. The reportable segments are Commercial Bank, Retail Bank, and Institutional Services and Wealth Management. All other business activities that are not included in the three reportable segment results have been included in the "All Other" category.
NET INCOME (LOSS) BY SEGMENT

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Bank | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | (162) |  |  | -28 | %
Retail Bank | 472 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 918 |  |  | 927 |  |  | (9) |  |  | -1 |
Institutional Services and Wealth Management | 144 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 395 |  |  | (123) |  |  | -31 |
All Other | (166) |  |  | (244) |  |  | 78 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (410) |  |  | (321) |  |  | (89) |  |  | -28 |
Total net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | (383) |  |  | -24 | %

Commercial Bank
The Commercial Bank segment provides a wide range of credit products and banking services to middle-market and large commercial customers, mainly within the markets served by the Company. Services provided by this segment include commercial lending and leasing, credit facilities which are secured by various types of commercial real estate, letters of credit, deposit products and cash management services. Commercial real estate loans may be secured by multifamily residential buildings, hotels, office, retail and industrial space or other types of collateral. Activities of this segment include the origination, sales and servicing of commercial real estate loans through the Fannie Mae DUS program and other programs. Commercial real estate loans held for sale are included in this segment.
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COMMERCIAL BANK SEGMENT FINANCIAL SUMMARY

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Income Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 553 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | 1,246 |  |  | $ | (145) |  |  | -12 | %
Noninterest income | 164 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 324 |  |  | (9) |  |  | -3 |
Total revenue | 717 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,416 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | (154) |  |  | -10 |
Provision for credit losses | 77 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | -1 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 19 |
Noninterest expense | 359 |  |  | 345 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 704 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 6 |
Income before taxes | 281 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 777 |  |  | (219) |  |  | -28 |
Income taxes | 76 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 209 |  |  | (57) |  |  | -28 |
Net income | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | (162) |  |  | -28 | %
Average Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 50,341 |  |  | $ | 49,048 |  |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 49,695 |  |  | $ | 45,732 |  |  | $ | 3,963 |  |  | 9 | %
Commercial real estate | 29,561 |  |  | 30,747 |  |  | (1,186) |  |  | -4 |  |  | 30,153 |  |  | 33,140 |  |  | (2,987) |  |  | -9 |
Residential real estate | 437 |  |  | 447 |  |  | (10) |  |  | -2 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 19 |
Consumer | 29 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |
Total loans and leases, net | $ | 80,368 |  |  | $ | 80,267 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 80,317 |  |  | $ | 79,267 |  |  | $ | 1,050 |  |  | 1 | %
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 12,523 |  |  | $ | 13,459 |  |  | $ | (936) |  |  | -7 | % |  | $ | 12,991 |  |  | $ | 18,716 |  |  | $ | (5,725) |  |  | -31 | %
Interest-bearing | 30,429 |  |  | 30,074 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 30,251 |  |  | 23,090 |  |  | 7,161 |  |  | 31 |
Total deposits | $ | 42,952 |  |  | $ | 43,533 |  |  | $ | (581) |  |  | -1 | % |  | $ | 43,242 |  |  | $ | 41,806 |  |  | $ | 1,436 |  |  | 3 | %

The Commercial Bank segment’s net income was $205 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $201 million in the first quarter of 2024.
•Net interest income was largely unchanged reflecting a widening of the net interest margin on loans and leases of 7 basis points, partially offset by a 7 basis-point narrowing of the net interest margin on deposits.
•Noninterest income increased $13 million reflecting higher credit-related fees of $6 million and a rise in commercial mortgage banking revenues of $4 million.
•Noninterest expenses increased $14 million reflecting a rise in personnel-related costs of $8 million, resulting from the full-quarter impact of annual merit increases awarded in the first quarter of 2024 and higher incentive compensation.
•Average loans and leases rose modestly reflecting a $1.3 billion increase in average commercial and industrial loans that spanned most industry types, largely offset by a $1.2 billion reduction in average commercial real estate loans.
•Average deposits in the recent quarter as compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflect moderating disintermediation amidst an elevated interest rate environment.
Net income for the Commercial Bank segment declined $162 million in the first half of 2024 from $568 million in the first six months of 2023.
•Net interest income declined $145 million reflecting a narrowing of the net interest margin on loans and deposits of 25 basis points and 36 basis points, respectively, partially offset by a rise in average outstanding loan and deposit balances of $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively.
•Noninterest income decreased $9 million due to lower gains on sales of leased equipment and a decline in commercial mortgage banking revenues, partially offset by higher service charges on commercial deposit accounts.
•Provision for credit losses increased $24 million reflecting higher net charge-offs of commercial and industrial loans, partially offset by lower net charge-offs of loans secured by commercial real estate.
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•Noninterest expense increased $41 million reflecting a rise in centrally-allocated costs associated with data processing, risk management and other support services provided to the Commercial Bank segment of $35 million.
•The increase in average loans as compared with the first six months of 2023 reflects higher average balances of commercial and industrial loans including growth in loans to financial and insurance industry customers and motor-vehicle and recreational finance dealers, partially offset by a reduction in average permanent commercial real estate and average construction loans.
•Average deposits grew $1.4 billion compared with the first six months of 2023 and reflected a shift in customer funds from noninterest-bearing accounts to interest-bearing products amidst an elevated interest rate environment.
Retail Bank
The Retail Bank segment provides a wide range of services to consumers and small businesses through the Company’s branch network and several other delivery channels such as telephone banking, internet banking and automated teller machines. The Company has branch offices in New York State, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia. The segment offers to its customers deposit products, including demand, savings and time accounts, and other services. Credit services offered by this segment include automobile and recreational finance loans (originated both directly and indirectly through dealers), home equity loans and lines of credit, credit cards and other loan products. This segment also originates and services residential mortgage loans and either sells those loans in the secondary market to investors or retains them for investment purposes. Residential mortgage loans are also originated and serviced on behalf of the Institutional Services and Wealth Management segment. The Company periodically purchases the rights to service residential real estate loans that have been originated by other entities and also sub-services residential real estate loans for others. Residential real estate loans held for sale are included in this segment. This segment also provides various business loans, including loans guaranteed by the SBA, business credit cards, deposit products and services such as cash management, payroll and direct deposit, merchant credit card and letters of credits to small businesses and professionals through the Company's branch network and other delivery channels.
RETAIL BANK SEGMENT FINANCIAL SUMMARY

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Income Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 2,161 |  |  | $ | 2,160 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | — | %
Noninterest income | 204 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 8 |
Total revenue | 1,294 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | 2,530 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 1 |
Provision for credit losses | 60 |  |  | 68 |  |  | (8) |  |  | -12 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 75 |
Noninterest expense | 599 |  |  | 599 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,198 |  |  | 1,205 |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |
Income before taxes | 635 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | (16) |  |  | -1 |
Income taxes | 163 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 325 |  |  | (7) |  |  | -2 |
Net income | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 918 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | -1 | %
Average Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 6,955 |  |  | $ | 6,874 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 6,914 |  |  | $ | 6,806 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | 2 | %
Commercial real estate | 1,859 |  |  | 1,904 |  |  | (45) |  |  | -2 |  |  | 1,881 |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | (14) |  |  | -1 |
Residential real estate | 20,628 |  |  | 20,843 |  |  | (215) |  |  | -1 |  |  | 20,736 |  |  | 21,669 |  |  | (933) |  |  | -4 |
Consumer | 21,201 |  |  | 20,387 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 20,794 |  |  | 19,539 |  |  | 1,255 |  |  | 6 |
Total loans and leases, net | $ | 50,643 |  |  | $ | 50,008 |  |  | $ | 635 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 50,325 |  |  | $ | 49,909 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | 1 | %
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 25,150 |  |  | $ | 25,380 |  |  | $ | (230) |  |  | -1 | % |  | $ | 25,265 |  |  | $ | 29,760 |  |  | $ | (4,495) |  |  | -15 | %
Interest-bearing | 67,156 |  |  | 66,269 |  |  | 887 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 66,712 |  |  | 61,654 |  |  | 5,058 |  |  | 8 |
Total deposits | $ | 92,306 |  |  | $ | 91,649 |  |  | $ | 657 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 91,977 |  |  | $ | 91,414 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | 1 | %

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The Retail Bank segment’s net income increased $26 million to $472 million in the second quarter of 2024 from $446 million in the first quarter of 2024.
•Net interest income increased $19 million reflecting a 7 basis-point widening of the net interest margin on deposits and an increase in average outstanding deposit balances of $657 million.
•Noninterest income increased $7 million reflecting higher service charges on deposit accounts and merchant discount and credit card fees.
•Provision for credit losses declined $8 million reflecting lower net charge-offs of indirect lending products.
•Average loans increased $635 million reflecting growth in the segment's portfolio of recreational finance loans and automobile loans, partially offset by net paydowns of residential real estate loans.
•Higher average deposits in the recent quarter as compared with the first quarter of 2024 reflect stability of retail customer deposits.
Net income for the Retail Bank segment decreased $9 million in the first half of 2024 from $927 million in the similar 2023 period.
•Noninterest income increased $31 million primarily due to higher residential mortgage banking revenues reflecting a rise in servicing income from the bulk purchase of residential mortgage loan servicing rights at the end of the first quarter of 2023 and an increase in service charges on deposit accounts.
•Provision for credit losses increased $55 million reflecting higher net charge-offs of consumer loans.
•Noninterest expense decreased $7 million predominantly due to lower other cost of operations of $23 million, reflecting lower check fraud and other losses, and a decline in personnel-related costs of $16 million reflecting lower staffing levels, partially offset by higher centrally-allocated costs associated with data processing, risk management, and other support services provided to the Retail Bank segment of $34 million.
•Average loans in the first half of 2024 grew $416 million as compared with the similar 2023 period, reflecting higher average consumer loans resulting from growth of recreational finance loan balances, partially offset by lower average balances of residential real estate loans.
•Average deposits in the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2023 reflect a shift from noninterest-bearing accounts to interest-bearing products amidst an elevated interest rate environment.
Institutional Services & Wealth Management
The Institutional Services and Wealth Management segment provides a variety of trustee, agency, investment management and administrative services for corporations and institutions, investment bankers, corporate tax, finance and legal executives, and other institutional clients, as well as personal trust, planning, fiduciary, asset management, family office and other services designed to help high net worth individuals and families grow, preserve and transfer wealth. This segment also provides investment products, including mutual funds and annuities and other services to customers.
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INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES & WEALTH MANAGEMENT SEGMENT FINANCIAL SUMMARY

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Income Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | 4 | % |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | 10 | %
Noninterest income | 207 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 635 |  |  | (237) |  |  | -37 |
Total revenue | 401 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 981 |  |  | (203) |  |  | -21 |
Provision for credit losses | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Noninterest expense | 203 |  |  | 205 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -1 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 447 |  |  | (39) |  |  | -9 |
Income before taxes | 195 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 534 |  |  | (167) |  |  | -31 |
Income taxes | 51 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 139 |  |  | (44) |  |  | -32 |
Net income | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | -31 | %
Average Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  | $ | (56) |  |  | -7 | % |  | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | (39) |  |  | -5 | %
Commercial real estate | 38 |  |  | 48 |  |  | (10) |  |  | -22 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 54 |  |  | (11) |  |  | -21 |
Residential real estate | 1,941 |  |  | 1,846 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,893 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 9 |
Consumer | 731 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 727 |  |  | 818 |  |  | (91) |  |  | -11 |
Total loans and leases, net | $ | 3,437 |  |  | $ | 3,399 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 3,418 |  |  | $ | 3,402 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | — | %
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 9,340 |  |  | $ | 9,081 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 9,211 |  |  | $ | 9,818 |  |  | $ | (607) |  |  | -6 | %
Interest-bearing | 7,938 |  |  | 7,168 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 7,553 |  |  | 7,505 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |
Total deposits | $ | 17,278 |  |  | $ | 16,249 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |  |  | 6 | % |  | $ | 16,764 |  |  | $ | 17,323 |  |  | $ | (559) |  |  | -3 | %

The Institutional Services and Wealth Management segment’s net income increased $16 million to $144 million in the second quarter of 2024 from $128 million in the first quarter of 2024.
•Net interest income increased $8 million reflecting a $1.0 billion increase in average outstanding deposit balances, partially offset by an 8 basis-point narrowing of the net interest margin on deposits.
•Noninterest income increased $16 million reflecting higher trust income of $10 million due to higher sales and fund management fees as well as seasonal tax service fees in the recent quarter.
Net income for the Institutional Services and Wealth Management segment decreased $123 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $395 million in the comparable 2023 period.
•Net interest income increased $34 million reflecting a widening of the net interest margin on deposits of 49 basis points, partially offset by a $559 million decline in average outstanding deposit balances.
•Noninterest income decreased $237 million predominantly due to the $225 million gain on sale of the CIT business in the second quarter of 2023 and a decline in trust income of $37 million, reflecting lower revenues associated with the CIT business of $60 million following its sale, partially offset by higher sales from the segment's global capital markets business, and an increase in brokerage services income of $10 million.
•Noninterest expenses decreased $39 million reflecting a $52 million decline in professional and other services expense due, in part, to lower sub-advisory fees as a result of the sale of the CIT business, partially offset by an increase in personnel-related costs of $7 million.
All Other
The “All Other” category reflects other activities of the Company that are not directly attributable to the reported segments. Reflected in this category are the difference between the provision for credit losses and the calculated provision allocated to the reportable segments; goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of financial institutions; merger-related gains and expenses related to acquisitions; the net impact of the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing methodology; eliminations of transactions between reportable segments; certain non-recurring transactions; and the residual effects of unallocated support systems and general and
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administrative expenses. The Company’s investment securities portfolio, brokered deposits and short-term and long-term borrowings are generally included in the “All Other” category. In its management of interest rate risk, the Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The results of such activities are captured in the "All Other" category.
ALL OTHER CATEGORY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

| Three Months Ended |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | % |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Income Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (expense) | $ | (119) |  |  | $ | (125) |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | 4 | % |  | $ | (244) |  |  | $ | (135) |  |  | $ | (109) |  |  | -82 | %
Noninterest income | 9 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (32) |  |  | -77 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 61 |  |  | (11) |  |  | -18 |
Total revenue (expense) | (110) |  |  | (84) |  |  | (26) |  |  | -31 |  |  | (194) |  |  | (74) |  |  | (120) |  |  | -164 |
Provision for credit losses | 10 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (45) |  |  | -82 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (2) |  |  | -3 |
Noninterest expense | 136 |  |  | 247 |  |  | (111) |  |  | -45 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 13 |
Loss before taxes | (256) |  |  | (386) |  |  | 130 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (642) |  |  | (478) |  |  | (164) |  |  | -34 |
Income taxes | (90) |  |  | (142) |  |  | 52 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (232) |  |  | (157) |  |  | (75) |  |  | -48 |
Net loss | $ | (166) |  |  | $ | (244) |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | 32 | % |  | $ | (410) |  |  | $ | (321) |  |  | $ | (89) |  |  | -28 | %

The “All Other” category recorded a net loss in the second quarter of 2024 of $166 million, compared with a net loss of $244 million in the first quarter of 2024.
•Noninterest income decreased $32 million primarily reflecting BLG distributions of $25 million received in the first quarter of 2024 and realized losses on sales of certain non-agency investment securities in the recent quarter.
•Provision for credit losses decreased $45 million reflecting the net impact of the allocation of provision for credit losses to reportable segments.
•Noninterest expense decreased $111 million reflecting seasonally higher salaries and employee benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2024 and lower FDIC special assessment expense of $24 million in the recent quarter.
The net loss recorded for the “All Other” category was $410 million for the first six months of 2024 as compared with $321 million in the similar 2023 period.
•Net interest income decreased $109 million reflecting higher net interest expense from interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes, as well as the unfavorable impact from the Company’s allocation methodologies for internal transfers related to funding charges and credits associated with earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities of the Company’s reportable segments.
•Noninterest income decreased $11 million reflecting realized losses on sales of certain non-agency investment securities.
•Noninterest expense increased $46 million reflecting the FDIC special assessment expense of $34 million recorded in the first half of 2024.
Other Matters
On March 6, 2024, the SEC adopted a final rule to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures by public companies. The final rule requires registrants, including the Company, to disclose their risk management processes for material climate-related risks, governance and oversight of material climate-risks and any risks that have materially impacted, or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on, its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Additionally, the final rule requires disclosure of material Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, material climate targets and goals and certain disclosures related to severe weather events and other natural conditions. Such disclosures will be required in a registrant’s annual reporting under a phased-in approach beginning with annual reports for the year ending December 31, 2025 for calendar-year-end large accelerated filers,
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such as M&T. On April 4, 2024, the SEC issued an order to stay the final rule pending the completion of judicial review by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Recent Accounting Developments
A discussion of the Company's significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates can be found in M&T's 2023 Annual Report. A summary of recent accounting developments is included in note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this quarterly report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statement that does not describe historical or current facts is a forward-looking statement, including statements based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s business, and management's beliefs and assumptions.
Statements regarding the potential effects of events or factors specific to the Company and/or the financial industry as a whole, as well as national and global events generally, on the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may constitute forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to the risk that the actual effects may differ, possibly materially, from what is reflected in those forward-looking statements due to factors and future developments that are uncertain, unpredictable and in many cases beyond the Company's control.
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "target," "estimate," "continue," or "potential," by future conditional verbs such as "will," "would," "should," "could," or "may," or by variations of such words or by similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions which are difficult to predict and may cause actual outcomes to differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted.
While there can be no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties is complete, important factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from those contemplated by forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation: economic conditions and growth rates, including inflation and market volatility; events and developments in the financial services industry, including industry conditions; changes in interest rates, spreads on earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and interest rate sensitivity; prepayment speeds, loan originations, loan concentrations by type and industry, credit losses and market values on loans, collateral securing loans, and other assets; sources of liquidity; levels of client deposits; ability to contain costs and expenses; changes in the Company's credit ratings; the impact of the People's United acquisition; domestic or international political developments and other geopolitical events, including international conflicts and hostilities; changes and trends in the securities markets; common shares outstanding, common stock price volatility; fair value of and number of stock-based compensation awards to be issued in future periods; the impact of changes in market values on trust-related revenues; federal, state or local legislation and/or regulations affecting the financial services industry, or M&T and its subsidiaries individually or collectively, including tax policy; regulatory supervision and oversight, including monetary policy and capital requirements; governmental and public policy changes; political conditions, either nationally or in the states in which M&T and its subsidiaries do business; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings, including tax-related examinations and other matters; changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, regulatory agencies or legislation; increasing price, product and service competition by competitors, including new entrants; technological developments and changes; the ability to continue to introduce competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis; the mix of products and services; protection and validity of intellectual property rights; reliance on large customers; technological, implementation and cost/financial risks in large, multi-year contracts; continued availability of financing; financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support M&T and its subsidiaries' future businesses; and material differences in the actual financial results of merger, acquisition, divestment and investment activities compared with M&T's initial expectations, including the full realization of anticipated cost savings and revenue enhancements.
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These are representative of the factors that could affect the outcome of the forward-looking statements. In addition, as noted, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates, general economic and political conditions, either nationally or in the states in which the Company does business, and other factors.
The Company provides further detail regarding these risks and uncertainties in its 2023 Annual Report, including in the Risk Factors section of such report, as well as in other SEC filings. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company assumes no duty and does not undertake to update forward-looking statements.
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M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table 1
QUARTERLY TRENDS

| 2024 Quarters |  | 2023 Quarters
(Dollars in millions, except per share, shares in thousands) | Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second |  | First
Earnings and dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income (taxable-equivalent basis) | $ | 2,802 |  |  | $ | 2,757 |  |  | $ | 2,753 |  |  | $ | 2,656 |  |  | $ | 2,530 |  |  | $ | 2,341 |
Interest expense | 1,071 |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 866 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 509 |
Net interest income | 1,731 |  |  | 1,692 |  |  | 1,735 |  |  | 1,790 |  |  | 1,813 |  |  | 1,832 |
Less: provision for credit losses | 150 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 120 |
Other income | 584 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 587 |
Less: other expense | 1,297 |  |  | 1,396 |  |  | 1,450 |  |  | 1,278 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 1,359 |
Income before income taxes | 868 |  |  | 676 |  |  | 638 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 940 |
Applicable income taxes | 200 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 224 |
Taxable-equivalent adjustment | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |
Net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 702 |
Net income available to common shareholders-diluted | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 664 |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 676 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings | 3.75 |  |  | 3.04 |  |  | 2.75 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.07 |  |  | 4.03 |
Diluted earnings | 3.73 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | 2.74 |  |  | 3.98 |  |  | 5.05 |  |  | 4.01 |
Cash dividends | 1.35 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.30 |
Average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 166,951 |  |  | 166,460 |  |  | 165,985 |  |  | 165,909 |  |  | 165,842 |  |  | 167,732 |
Diluted | 167,659 |  |  | 167,084 |  |  | 166,731 |  |  | 166,570 |  |  | 166,320 |  |  | 168,410 |
Performance ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Annualized return on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average assets | 1.24 | % |  | 1.01 | % |  | .92 | % |  | 1.33 | % |  | 1.70 | % |  | 1.40 | %
Average common shareholders’ equity | 9.95 |  |  | 8.14 |  |  | 7.41 |  |  | 10.99 |  |  | 14.27 |  |  | 11.74 |
Net interest margin on average earning assets (taxable-equivalent basis) | 3.59 |  |  | 3.52 |  |  | 3.61 |  |  | 3.79 |  |  | 3.91 |  |  | 4.04 |
Nonaccrual loans to total loans and leases, net of unearned discount | 1.50 |  |  | 1.71 |  |  | 1.62 |  |  | 1.77 |  |  | 1.83 |  |  | 1.92 |
Net operating (tangible) results (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating income | $ | 665 |  |  | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 879 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Diluted net operating income per common share | 3.79 |  |  | 3.09 |  |  | 2.81 |  |  | 4.05 |  |  | 5.12 |  |  | 4.09 |
Annualized return on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average tangible assets | 1.31 | % |  | 1.08 | % |  | .98 | % |  | 1.41 | % |  | 1.80 | % |  | 1.49 | %
Average tangible common shareholders’ equity | 15.27 |  |  | 12.67 |  |  | 11.70 |  |  | 17.41 |  |  | 22.73 |  |  | 19.00 |
Efficiency ratio (b) | 55.3 |  |  | 60.8 |  |  | 62.1 |  |  | 53.7 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  | 55.5 |
Balance sheet data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets (c) | $ | 211,981 |  |  | $ | 211,478 |  |  | $ | 208,752 |  |  | $ | 205,791 |  |  | $ | 204,376 |  |  | $ | 202,599 |
Total tangible assets (c) | 203,420 |  |  | 202,906 |  |  | 200,172 |  |  | 197,199 |  |  | 195,764 |  |  | 193,957 |
Earning assets | 193,676 |  |  | 193,135 |  |  | 190,536 |  |  | 187,403 |  |  | 185,936 |  |  | 184,069 |
Investment securities | 29,695 |  |  | 28,587 |  |  | 27,490 |  |  | 27,993 |  |  | 28,623 |  |  | 27,622 |
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount | 134,588 |  |  | 133,796 |  |  | 132,770 |  |  | 132,617 |  |  | 133,545 |  |  | 132,012 |
Deposits | 163,491 |  |  | 164,065 |  |  | 164,713 |  |  | 162,688 |  |  | 159,399 |  |  | 161,537 |
Borrowings | 16,452 |  |  | 16,001 |  |  | 13,057 |  |  | 12,585 |  |  | 15,055 |  |  | 11,505 |
Common shareholders’ equity (c) | 25,340 |  |  | 25,008 |  |  | 24,489 |  |  | 24,009 |  |  | 23,674 |  |  | 23,366 |
Tangible common shareholders’ equity (c) | 16,779 |  |  | 16,436 |  |  | 15,909 |  |  | 15,417 |  |  | 15,062 |  |  | 14,724 |
At end of quarter: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets (c) | 208,855 |  |  | 215,137 |  |  | 208,264 |  |  | 209,124 |  |  | 207,672 |  |  | 202,956 |
Total tangible assets (c) | 200,302 |  |  | 206,574 |  |  | 199,689 |  |  | 200,538 |  |  | 199,074 |  |  | 194,321 |
Earning assets | 189,787 |  |  | 195,712 |  |  | 189,140 |  |  | 189,942 |  |  | 188,504 |  |  | 183,853 |
Investment securities | 29,894 |  |  | 28,496 |  |  | 26,897 |  |  | 27,336 |  |  | 27,916 |  |  | 28,443 |
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount | 135,002 |  |  | 134,973 |  |  | 134,068 |  |  | 132,355 |  |  | 133,344 |  |  | 132,938 |
Deposits | 159,910 |  |  | 167,196 |  |  | 163,274 |  |  | 164,128 |  |  | 162,058 |  |  | 159,075 |
Borrowings | 16,083 |  |  | 16,245 |  |  | 13,517 |  |  | 13,854 |  |  | 15,325 |  |  | 14,458 |
Common shareholders’ equity (c) | 25,680 |  |  | 25,158 |  |  | 24,946 |  |  | 24,186 |  |  | 23,790 |  |  | 23,366 |
Tangible common shareholders’ equity (c) | 17,127 |  |  | 16,595 |  |  | 16,371 |  |  | 15,600 |  |  | 15,192 |  |  | 14,731 |
Equity per common share | 153.57 |  |  | 150.90 |  |  | 150.15 |  |  | 145.72 |  |  | 143.41 |  |  | 140.88 |
Tangible equity per common share | 102.42 |  |  | 99.54 |  |  | 98.54 |  |  | 93.99 |  |  | 91.58 |  |  | 88.81 |

____________________________________________
(a)Excludes amortization and balances related to goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets and merger-related expenses which, except in the calculation of the efficiency ratio, are net of applicable income tax effects. A reconciliation of net income and net operating income appears in Table 2.
(b)Excludes impact of merger-related expenses and net securities transactions.
(c)The difference between total assets and total tangible assets, and common shareholders’ equity and tangible common shareholders’ equity, represents goodwill, core deposit and other intangible assets, net of applicable deferred tax balances. A reconciliation of such balances appears in Table 2.
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M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table 2
RECONCILIATION OF QUARTERLY GAAP TO NON-GAAP MEASURES

| 2024 Quarters |  | 2023 Quarters
(Dollars in millions, except per share) | Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second |  | First
Income statement data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 702 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets (a) | 10 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Net operating income | $ | 665 |  |  | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 879 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.73 |  |  | $ | 3.02 |  |  | $ | 2.74 |  |  | $ | 3.98 |  |  | $ | 5.05 |  |  | $ | 4.01 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets (a) | .06 |  |  | .07 |  |  | .07 |  |  | .07 |  |  | .07 |  |  | .08 |
Diluted net operating earnings per common share | $ | 3.79 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |  |  | $ | 4.05 |  |  | $ | 5.12 |  |  | $ | 4.09 |
Other expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 1,450 |  |  | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | 1,359 |
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets | (13) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (17) |
Noninterest operating expense | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 1,381 |  |  | $ | 1,435 |  |  | $ | 1,263 |  |  | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |
Efficiency ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest operating expense (numerator) | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 1,381 |  |  | $ | 1,435 |  |  | $ | 1,263 |  |  | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |
Taxable-equivalent net interest income | $ | 1,731 |  |  | $ | 1,692 |  |  | $ | 1,735 |  |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  | $ | 1,813 |  |  | $ | 1,832 |
Other income | 584 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 587 |
Less: Gain (loss) on bank investment securities | (8) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Denominator | $ | 2,323 |  |  | $ | 2,270 |  |  | $ | 2,309 |  |  | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | 2,615 |  |  | $ | 2,419 |
Efficiency ratio | 55.3 | % |  | 60.8 | % |  | 62.1 | % |  | 53.7 | % |  | 48.9 | % |  | 55.5 | %
Balance sheet data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average assets | $ | 211,981 |  |  | $ | 211,478 |  |  | $ | 208,752 |  |  | $ | 205,791 |  |  | $ | 204,376 |  |  | $ | 202,599 |
Goodwill | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,473) |  |  | (8,490) |
Core deposit and other intangible assets | (126) |  |  | (140) |  |  | (154) |  |  | (170) |  |  | (185) |  |  | (201) |
Deferred taxes | 30 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |
Average tangible assets | $ | 203,420 |  |  | $ | 202,906 |  |  | $ | 200,172 |  |  | $ | 197,199 |  |  | $ | 195,764 |  |  | $ | 193,957 |
Average common equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average total equity | $ | 27,745 |  |  | $ | 27,019 |  |  | $ | 26,500 |  |  | $ | 26,020 |  |  | $ | 25,685 |  |  | $ | 25,377 |
Preferred stock | (2,405) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |
Average common equity | 25,340 |  |  | 25,008 |  |  | 24,489 |  |  | 24,009 |  |  | 23,674 |  |  | 23,366 |
Goodwill | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,473) |  |  | (8,490) |
Core deposit and other intangible assets | (126) |  |  | (140) |  |  | (154) |  |  | (170) |  |  | (185) |  |  | (201) |
Deferred taxes | 30 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |
Average tangible common equity | $ | 16,779 |  |  | $ | 16,436 |  |  | $ | 15,909 |  |  | $ | 15,417 |  |  | $ | 15,062 |  |  | $ | 14,724 |
At end of quarter |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 208,855 |  |  | $ | 215,137 |  |  | $ | 208,264 |  |  | $ | 209,124 |  |  | $ | 207,672 |  |  | $ | 202,956 |
Goodwill | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,490) |
Core deposit and other intangible assets | (119) |  |  | (132) |  |  | (147) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (177) |  |  | (192) |
Deferred taxes | 31 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 47 |
Total tangible assets | $ | 200,302 |  |  | $ | 206,574 |  |  | $ | 199,689 |  |  | $ | 200,538 |  |  | $ | 199,074 |  |  | $ | 194,321 |
Total common equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total equity | $ | 28,424 |  |  | $ | 27,169 |  |  | $ | 26,957 |  |  | $ | 26,197 |  |  | $ | 25,801 |  |  | $ | 25,377 |
Preferred stock | (2,744) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |  |  | (2,011) |
Common equity | 25,680 |  |  | 25,158 |  |  | 24,946 |  |  | 24,186 |  |  | 23,790 |  |  | 23,366 |
Goodwill | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,465) |  |  | (8,490) |
Core deposit and other intangible assets | (119) |  |  | (132) |  |  | (147) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (177) |  |  | (192) |
Deferred taxes | 31 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 47 |
Total tangible common equity | $ | 17,127 |  |  | $ | 16,595 |  |  | $ | 16,371 |  |  | $ | 15,600 |  |  | $ | 15,192 |  |  | $ | 14,731 |

____________________________________________
(a)After any related tax effect.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Incorporated by reference to the discussion contained in Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," under the captions "Liquidity Risk," "Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity" and "Capital."
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation of the effectiveness of M&T’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), René F. Jones, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Daryl N. Bible, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that M&T’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting. M&T regularly assesses the adequacy of its internal control over financial reporting and enhances its controls in response to internal control assessments and internal and external audit and regulatory recommendations. No changes in internal control over financial reporting have been identified in connection with the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, M&T’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
M&T and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings and other matters in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. On an on-going basis management, after consultation with legal counsel, assesses the Company’s liabilities and contingencies in connection with such proceedings. For those matters where it is probable that the Company will incur losses and the amounts of the losses can be reasonably estimated, the Company records an expense and corresponding liability in its consolidated financial statements. To the extent the pending or threatened litigation could result in exposure in excess of that liability, the amount of such excess is not currently estimable. Although not considered probable, the range of reasonably possible losses for such matters in the aggregate, beyond the existing recorded liability, was between $0 and $25 million as of June 30, 2024. Although the Company does not believe that the outcome of pending legal matters will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, it cannot rule out the possibility that such outcomes will be material to the consolidated results of operations for a particular reporting period in the future.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes in risk factors relating to M&T to those disclosed in response to Part I, Item 1A of M&T's 2023 Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) – (b) Not applicable.
(c)

| Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
April 1 - April 30, 2024 | 9,959 |  | $ | 146.38 |  |  | — |  | $ | 1,200,060,000 |
May 1 - May 31, 2024 | 18,359 |  | 152.08 |  |  | — |  | 1,200,060,000
June 1 - June 30, 2024 | 7,965 |  | 146.88 |  |  | — |  | 1,200,060,000
Total | 36,283 |  | $ | 149.37 |  |  | — |  |

____________________________________________
(1)The total number of shares purchased during the periods indicated includes shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs and/or shares deemed to have been received from employees who exercised stock options by attesting to previously acquired common shares in satisfaction of the exercise price or shares received from employees upon the vesting of restricted stock awards in satisfaction of applicable tax withholding obligations, as is permitted under M&T’s stock-based compensation plans.
(2)In July 2022, M&T's Board of Directors authorized a program under which $3.0 billion of common shares may be repurchased with the exact number, timing, price and terms of such repurchases to be determined at the discretion of management and subject to all regulatory limitations.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
(None.)
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
(Not applicable.)
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Item 5. Other Information.
(a) – (b) Not applicable.
(c) Certain of our officers or directors have made elections to participate in, and are participating in, our tax-qualified 401(k) plan and nonqualified deferred compensation plans, or have made, and may from time to time make, elections to reinvest dividends in M&T common stock, or have shares withheld to cover withholding taxes upon the vesting of equity awards or to pay the exercise price of options, each of which may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as a part of this report.

Exhibit No. |  |
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document. Filed herewith.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents. Filed herewith.
104 |  | The cover page from M&T's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| M&T BANK CORPORATION
Date: August 5, 2024 | By: | /s/ Daryl N. Bible
|  | Daryl N. Bible
|  | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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