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Commitments and contingencies | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2026
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] |
Commitments and contingencies | 14. Commitments and contingencies In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding. The following table presents the Company's significant credit-related commitments. Certain of these commitments are not included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2026 |  | December 31, 2025
Commitments to extend credit: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 37,156 |  |  | $ | 35,654 |
Commercial real estate loans to be sold | 485 |  |  | 773 |
Other commercial real estate | 3,292 |  |  | 2,331 |
Residential real estate loans to be sold | 258 |  |  | 224 |
Other residential real estate | 794 |  |  | 679 |
Home equity lines of credit | 7,885 |  |  | 7,974 |
Credit cards | 6,762 |  |  | 6,601 |
Other | 354 |  |  | 444 |
Standby letters of credit | 2,332 |  |  | 2,318 |
Commercial letters of credit | 63 |  |  | 72 |
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts | 4,883 |  |  | 4,751 |
Commitments to sell real estate loans | 1,207 |  |  | 1,898 |
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers and generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require payment of a fee. In addition to the amounts presented in the preceding table, the Company had discretionary funding commitments to commercial customers of $12.8 billion and $12.9 billion at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, that the Company had the unconditional right to cancel prior to funding. Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party, whereas commercial letters of credit are issued to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being funded when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and a third party. The credit risk associated with commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved with extending loans to customers and is subject to normal credit policies. Collateral may be obtained based on management's assessment of the customer's creditworthiness. Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are primarily comprised of recourse obligations associated with sold loans and other guarantees and commitments. Included in financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are loan principal amounts sold with recourse in conjunction with the Company's involvement in the Fannie Mae DUS program. The Company's contractual credit risk for recourse associated with loans sold under this program totaled approximately $4.7 billion and $4.6 billion at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Since many loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and guarantees and indemnification contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows. As disclosed in note 4, the Company maintains a reserve for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in Accrued interest and other liabilities in its Consolidated Balance Sheet, for estimated credit losses related to such contracts. The Company utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to hedge exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments are accounted for as derivatives and along with commitments to originate real estate loans for sale are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. The Company is contractually obligated to repurchase previously sold residential real estate loans that do not ultimately meet investor sale criteria related to underwriting procedures or loan documentation. When required to do so, the Company may reimburse loan purchasers for losses incurred or may repurchase certain loans. The Company reduces residential mortgage banking revenues by an estimate for losses related to its obligations to loan purchasers. The amount of those charges is based on the volume of loans sold, the level of reimbursement requests received from loan purchasers and estimates of losses that may be associated with previously sold loans. At June 30, 2026, the Company's estimate of its obligation to loan purchasers was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position. At June 30, 2026, the Company had no remaining liability related to the FDIC special assessment, compared with $22 million at December 31, 2025. Such amount was classified as Accrued interest and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025. The FDIC has indicated that the amount of the special assessment may be adjusted in the future should its loss estimate change. Legal proceedings and other matters M&T and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings and other matters in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. On an on-going basis management, after consultation with legal counsel, assesses the Company’s liabilities and contingencies in connection with such proceedings. For those matters where it is probable that the Company will incur losses and the amounts of the losses can be reasonably estimated, the Company records an expense and corresponding liability in its consolidated financial statements. It is reasonably possible that pending or threatened litigation could result in exposure in excess of that liability. Although not considered probable, the reasonably possible losses for such matters beyond the existing recorded liability is not likely to exceed $25 million in the aggregate at June 30, 2026. That estimate is subject to significant judgment based on currently available information and various assumptions about known and unknown uncertainties. That estimate does not represent the Company’s maximum loss exposure and actual losses may vary significantly from that amount. For the following matter the Company does not believe an estimate of loss can be made at the date of this filing and, therefore, has not included any amount related thereto in its consolidated financial statements or in the estimate of aggregate reasonably possible losses provided in the preceding paragraph. Wilmington Trust, N.A. On September 10, 2025, Tricolor Holdings, LLC, a subprime automobile lender and used vehicle retailer which packaged loans into asset-backed securitizations, filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy seeking to liquidate its business. Certain financial institutions reported credit impairments in the third quarter of 2025 related to alleged fraudulent activity with respect to Tricolor Holdings, LLC asset-backed financing arrangements. On December 17, 2025 the DOJ unsealed criminal charges against certain executives of Tricolor Holdings, LLC, alleging, among other things, that the executives conspired to defraud and defrauded certain lenders and asset-backed securities investors of Tricolor Holdings, LLC and its affiliates. The Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Trustee for Tricolor Holdings, LLC has alleged that certain individuals at Tricolor Holdings, LLC caused Tricolor Holdings, LLC's records to contain approximately $683 million of fictitious loans and has initiated a legal action against those same executives who were criminally charged by the DOJ. Neither Wilmington Trust, N.A. nor M&T Bank have any loans or loan commitments outstanding to Tricolor Holdings, LLC. Wilmington Trust, N.A. has served in certain corporate custodian and trust capacities for multiple Tricolor Holdings, LLC warehouse facilities and asset-backed securitization transactions since 2018. Such capacities varied from transaction to transaction and were generally service provider roles performed under the relevant transaction documents. On January 12, 2026, certain note holders filed a civil complaint against Wilmington Trust, N.A. for an unspecified amount of damages arising from alleged breaches of contract and fiduciary duty related to certain Tricolor Holdings, LLC asset-backed securitization transactions. On July 14, 2026, Wilmington Trust N.A. filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. Wilmington Trust, N.A. intends to vigorously defend itself against this legal action. The facts and circumstances of the Tricolor Holdings, LLC bankruptcy and its alleged fraudulent activities as well as the extent of damages, if any, incurred by parties participating in the warehouse facilities and asset-backed securitization transactions are still being learned. The Company believes it may incur losses as a result of this litigation or other potential claims that may arise as a result of these events, but at the current time it is not possible to estimate any potential legal or other liability of Wilmington Trust, N.A. as a result of its capacities in the warehouse facilities and asset-backed securitization transactions. Such losses, if any, are currently not expected to be material to the Company’s financial position at June 30, 2026.

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