v3.25.4
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Amortization Expense Associated with Identifiable Definite-Lived Intangible Assets Amortization expense associated with other identifiable definite-lived intangible assets was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
202520242023
Amortization expense$984 $965 $974 
Definite-Lived Identifiable Intangible Assets Amortized
Definite-lived other identifiable intangible assets are amortized primarily using an accelerated method that reflects the pattern in which the Company expects to benefit from the use of the asset over its estimated remaining useful life as follows:

Client relationships and backlog1-25 years
Software and related assets1-10 years
Trademarks, trade names and other1-17 years
Databases1-9 years
Non-compete agreements2-5 years
The following is a summary of other identifiable intangible assets:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(in millions)Gross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet AmountGross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Amount
Definite-lived identifiable intangible assets:
Client relationships and backlog$6,653 $(3,566)$3,087 $5,690 $(2,966)$2,724 
Software and related assets4,466 (2,782)1,684 3,914 (2,358)1,556 
Trademarks, trade names and other570 (406)164 539 (350)189 
Databases1,892 (1,873)19 1,773 (1,751)22 
Non-compete agreements11 (3)8 14 (6)8 
$13,592 $(8,630)$4,962 $11,930 $(7,431)$4,499 
Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of other identifiable intangible assets:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(in millions)Gross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet AmountGross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Amount
Definite-lived identifiable intangible assets:
Client relationships and backlog$6,653 $(3,566)$3,087 $5,690 $(2,966)$2,724 
Software and related assets4,466 (2,782)1,684 3,914 (2,358)1,556 
Trademarks, trade names and other570 (406)164 539 (350)189 
Databases1,892 (1,873)19 1,773 (1,751)22 
Non-compete agreements11 (3)8 14 (6)8 
$13,592 $(8,630)$4,962 $11,930 $(7,431)$4,499 
Summary of Goodwill by Segment
The following is a summary of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)		Technology & Analytics SolutionsResearch & Development SolutionsContract Sales & Medical SolutionsConsolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2023$11,976 $2,439 $152 $14,567 
Business combinations346 186 — 532 
Impact of foreign currency fluctuations and other(365)(17)(7)(389)
Balance as of December 31, 202411,957 2,608 145 14,710 
Business combinations865 394 20 1,279 
Impact of foreign currency fluctuations and other602 23 2 627 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$13,424 $3,025 $167 $16,616