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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-13619

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida |  |  |  | 59-0864469
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
300 North Beach Street, Daytona Beach, FL |  |  | 32114
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (386) 252-9601

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value | BRO | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.10 par value, outstanding as of April 24, 2023 was 283,644,264.

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

IND EX

|  |  |  | PAGE NO.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 8
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 9
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 10
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 25
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 40
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 40
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 42
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 42
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 42
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 43
SIGNATURE |  | 44

2

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Brown & Brown, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “Brown & Brown” or the “Company”), makes “forward-looking statements” within the “safe harbor” provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, throughout this report and in the documents we incorporate by reference into this report. You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan” and “continue” or similar words. We have based these statements on our current expectations about potential future events. Although we believe the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the reports, statements, information and announcements incorporated by reference into this report are based upon reasonable assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge of our business, a number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements, whether oral or written, made by us or on our behalf. Many of these factors have previously been identified in filings or statements made by us or on our behalf. Important factors which could cause our actual results to differ, possibly materially from the forward-looking statements in this report include but are not limited to the following items, in addition to those matters described in Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”:

•
The inability to retain or hire qualified employees, as well as the loss of any of our executive officers or other key employees;
•
Acquisition-related risks that could negatively affect the success of our growth strategy, including the possibility that we may not be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions, successfully integrate acquired businesses into our operations and expand into new markets;
•
A cybersecurity attack or any other interruption in information technology and/or data security that may impact our operations or the operations of third parties that support us;
•
Risks related to our international operations, which may result in additional risks or require more management time and expense than our domestic operations to achieve or maintain profitability;
•
The effects of inflation;
•
The requirement for additional resources and time to adequately respond to dynamics resulting from rapid technological change;
•
The loss of or significant change to any of our insurance company relationships, which could result in loss of capacity to write business, additional expense, loss of market share or material decrease in our commissions;
•
The effect of natural disasters on our profit-sharing contingent commissions, insurer capacity and claims expenses from our capitalized captive insurance facilities;
•
Adverse economic conditions, natural disasters, or regulatory changes in states or countries where we have a concentration of our business;
•
The inability to maintain our culture or a significant change in management, management philosophy or our business strategy;
•
Claims expense resulting from the limited underwriting risk associated with our participation in capitalized captive insurance facilities;
•
Risks associated with our automobile and recreational vehicle dealer services (“F&I") businesses;
•
Risks facing us in our Services segment, including our third-party claims administration operations, that are distinct from those we face in our insurance intermediary operations;
•
The limitations of our system of disclosure and internal controls and procedures in preventing errors or fraud, or in informing management of all material information in a timely manner;
•
The significant control certain shareholders have over the Company;
•
Changes in data privacy and protection laws and regulations or any failure to comply with such laws and regulations;
•
Improper disclosure of confidential information;
•
Our ability to comply with non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies;
•
The potential adverse effect of certain actual or potential claims, regulatory actions or proceedings on our businesses, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity;
•
Uncertainty in our business practices and compensation arrangements with insurance carriers due to potential changes in regulations;

3

•
Regulatory changes that could reduce our profitability or growth by increasing compliance costs, technology compliance, restricting the products or services we may sell, the markets we may enter, the methods by which we may sell our products and services, or the prices we may charge for our services and the form of compensation we may accept from our customers, carriers and third-parties;
•
Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors and customers with respect to our environmental, social and governance practices;
•
A decrease in demand for liability insurance as a result of tort reform legislation;
•
Our failure to comply with any covenants contained in our debt agreements;
•
The possibility that covenants in our debt agreements could prevent us from engaging in certain potentially beneficial activities;
•
Changes in the U.S.-based credit markets that might adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•
Risks associated with the current interest rate environment, and to the extent we use debt to finance our investments, changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net investment income;
•
Changes in current U.S. or global economic conditions, including an extended slowdown in the markets in which we operate;
•
Disintermediation within the insurance industry, including increased competition from insurance companies, technology companies and the financial services industry, as well as the shift away from traditional insurance markets;
•
Conditions that result in reduced insurer capacity;
•
Quarterly and annual variations in our commissions that result from the timing of policy renewals and the net effect of new and lost business production;
•
Intangible asset risk, including the possibility that our goodwill may become impaired in the future;
•
The COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”), as well as future pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases, and the resulting governmental and societal responses;
•
Other risks and uncertainties as may be detailed from time to time in our public announcements and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings; and
•
Other factors that the Company may not have currently identified or quantified.

Assumptions as to any of the foregoing, and all statements, are not based upon historical fact, but rather reflect our current expectations concerning future results and events. Forward-looking statements that we make or that are made by others on our behalf are based upon a knowledge of our business and the environment in which we operate, but because of the factors listed above, among others, actual results may differ from those in the forward-looking statements. Consequently, these cautionary statements qualify all of the forward-looking statements we make herein. We cannot assure you that the results or developments anticipated by us will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that those results or developments will result in the expected consequences for us or affect us, our business or our operations in the way we expect. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this filing, the Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or correct any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that subsequently occur or of which the Company hereafter becomes aware.

4

PART I — FINANC IAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 — Financial St atements (Unaudited)

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions and fees |  | $ | 1,108.0 |  |  | $ | 904.3 |
Investment income |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Other income, net |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Total revenues |  |  | 1,116.0 |  |  |  | 904.7 |
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 571.1 |  |  |  | 459.0 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 160.7 |  |  |  | 126.8 |
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | )
Amortization |  |  | 41.4 |  |  |  | 31.1 |
Depreciation |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 8.1 |
Interest |  |  | 46.7 |  |  |  | 18.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | )
Total expenses |  |  | 821.8 |  |  |  | 639.7 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 294.2 |  |  |  | 265.0 |
Income taxes |  |  | 58.7 |  |  |  | 44.7 |
Net income |  | $ | 235.5 |  |  | $ | 220.3 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |
Dividends declared per share |  | $ | 0.115 |  |  | $ | 0.103 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATE MENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 235.5 |  |  | $ | 220.3 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 47.1 |  |  |  | (2.1 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (0.9 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 282.9 |  |  | $ | 217.3 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATE D BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

(in millions, except per share data) |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 563.5 |  |  | $ | 650.0 |
Fiduciary cash |  |  | 1,380.0 |  |  |  | 1,383.2 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 9.3 |  |  |  | 12.0 |
Commission, fees and other receivables |  |  | 776.0 |  |  |  | 642.9 |
Fiduciary receivables |  |  | 914.2 |  |  |  | 881.4 |
Reinsurance recoverable |  |  | 142.7 |  |  |  | 831.0 |
Prepaid reinsurance premiums |  |  | 379.6 |  |  |  | 393.2 |
Other current assets |  |  | 190.8 |  |  |  | 202.3 |
Total current assets |  |  | 4,356.1 |  |  |  | 4,996.0 |
Fixed assets, net |  |  | 241.6 |  |  |  | 239.9 |
Operating lease assets |  |  | 210.0 |  |  |  | 214.9 |
Goodwill |  |  | 6,730.2 |  |  |  | 6,674.2 |
Amortizable intangible assets, net |  |  | 1,581.6 |  |  |  | 1,595.2 |
Investments |  |  | 25.4 |  |  |  | 22.4 |
Other assets |  |  | 255.0 |  |  |  | 230.9 |
Total assets |  | $ | 13,399.9 |  |  | $ | 13,973.5 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiduciary liabilities |  | $ | 2,294.3 |  |  | $ | 2,264.6 |
Losses and loss adjustment reserve |  |  | 154.1 |  |  |  | 841.1 |
Unearned premiums |  |  | 399.7 |  |  |  | 412.3 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 342.7 |  |  |  | 286.5 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | 375.8 |  |  |  | 541.5 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 246.3 |  |  |  | 250.6 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 3,812.9 |  |  |  | 4,596.6 |
Long-term debt less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | 3,680.0 |  |  |  | 3,691.5 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 191.0 |  |  |  | 195.9 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  |  | 563.5 |  |  |  | 584.0 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 307.5 |  |  |  | 298.9 |
Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; authorized 560.0 shares; issued 303.3 shares and outstanding 283.6 shares at 2023, issued 302.9 shares and outstanding 283.2 shares at 2022, respectively |  |  | 30.3 |  |  |  | 30.3 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 907.9 |  |  |  | 919.7 |
Treasury stock, at cost 19.7 shares at 2023, 19.7 shares at 2022, respectively. |  |  | (748.1 | ) |  |  | (748.0 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (101.0 | ) |  |  | (148.4 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 4,755.9 |  |  |  | 4,553.0 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 4,845.0 |  |  |  | 4,606.6 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 13,399.9 |  |  | $ | 13,973.5 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions, except per share data) |  | Shares Outstanding |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 283.2 |  |  | $ | 30.3 |  |  | $ | 919.7 |  |  | $ | (748.0 | ) |  | $ | (148.4 | ) |  | $ | 4,553.0 |  |  | $ | 4,606.6 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 235.5 |  |  |  | 235.5 |
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47.1 |
Shares issued - employee stock compensation plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.4 |
Stock incentive plans |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 20.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21.0 |
Repurchase shares to fund tax withholdings for non-cash stock-based compensation |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (36.1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (36.2 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.1150 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (32.6 | ) |  |  | (32.6 | )
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  | 283.6 |  |  | $ | 30.3 |  |  | $ | 907.9 |  |  | $ | (748.1 | ) |  | $ | (101.0 | ) |  | $ | 4,755.9 |  |  | $ | 4,845.0 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 282.5 |  |  | $ | 30.1 |  |  | $ | 849.4 |  |  | $ | (673.9 | ) |  | $ | (9.4 | ) |  | $ | 4,000.7 |  |  | $ | 4,196.9 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 220.3 |  |  |  | 220.3 |
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (0.9 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (2.1 | )
Shares issued - employee stock compensation plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Stock incentive plans |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 17.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17.5 |
Repurchase shares to fund tax withholdings for non-cash stock-based compensation |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (45.9 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (46.0 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24.1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24.1 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.1025 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28.9 | ) |  |  | (28.9 | )
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  |  | 283.1 |  |  | $ | 30.2 |  |  | $ | 823.5 |  |  | $ | (698.0 | ) |  | $ | (12.4 | ) |  | $ | 4,192.1 |  |  | $ | 4,335.4 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 235.5 |  |  | $ | 220.3 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization |  |  | 41.4 |  |  |  | 31.1 |
Depreciation |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 8.1 |
Non-cash stock-based compensation |  |  | 24.4 |  |  |  | 20.1 |
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 15.2 |
Amortization of debt discount and disposal of deferred financing costs |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 0.7 |
Net (gain)/loss on sales/disposals of investments, fixed assets and customer accounts |  |  | (5.4 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | )
Payments on acquisition earn-outs in excess of original estimated payables |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13.5 | )
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate changes |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions and divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions, fees and other receivables (increase) decrease |  |  | (130.7 | ) |  |  | (87.8 | )
Reinsurance recoverable (increase) decrease |  |  | 688.3 |  |  |  | 24.8 |
Prepaid reinsurance premiums (increase) decrease |  |  | 13.6 |  |  |  | 29.8 |
Other assets (increase) decrease |  |  | (6.1 | ) |  |  | 31.0 |
Losses and loss adjustment reserve increase (decrease) |  |  | (687.0 | ) |  |  | (24.8 | )
Unearned premiums increase (decrease) |  |  | (12.7 | ) |  |  | (29.7 | )
Accounts payable increase (decrease) |  |  | 71.5 |  |  |  | 22.2 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities increase (decrease) |  |  | (169.8 | ) |  |  | (143.1 | )
Other liabilities increase (decrease) |  |  | (12.4 | ) |  |  | 2.8 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 59.8 |  |  |  | 103.6 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to fixed assets |  |  | (11.8 | ) |  |  | (10.0 | )
Payments for businesses acquired, net of cash acquired |  |  | (37.6 | ) |  |  | (436.0 | )
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets and customer accounts |  |  | 6.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Purchases of investments |  |  | (3.6 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of investments |  |  | 3.7 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (43.2 | ) |  |  | (445.8 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiduciary receivables and liabilities, net |  |  | (18.7 | ) |  |  | (85.2 | )
Payments on acquisition earn-outs |  |  | (16.1 | ) |  |  | (33.4 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,200.0 |
Payments on long-term debt |  |  | (16.9 | ) |  |  | (10.6 | )
Deferred debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23.4 | )
Borrowings on revolving credit facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | 350.0 |
Repurchase shares to fund tax withholdings for non-cash stock-based compensation |  |  | (36.2 | ) |  |  | (46.0 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (24.1 | )
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (32.6 | ) |  |  | (28.9 | )
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities |  |  | (120.6 | ) |  |  | 1,298.4 |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash |  |  | 14.3 |  |  |  | (0.3 | )
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash |  |  | (89.7 | ) |  |  | 955.9 |
Cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash at beginning of period |  |  | 2,033.2 |  |  |  | 1,470.2 |
Cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash at end of period |  | $ | 1,943.5 |  |  | $ | 2,426.1 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 10 for the reconciliations of cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash.

9

NOTES TO CONDEN SED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 Nature of Operations

Brown & Brown, Inc., a Florida corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Brown & Brown” or the “Company”) is a diversified insurance agency, wholesale brokerage, insurance programs and service organization that markets and sells insurance products and services, primarily in the property, casualty and employee benefits areas. Brown & Brown’s business is divided into four reportable segments. The Retail segment provides a broad range of insurance products and services to commercial, public and quasi-public entities, professional and individual insured customers, and non-insurance risk-mitigating products through our automobile and recreational vehicle dealer services (“F&I”) businesses. The National Programs segment, which acts as a managing general agent (“MGA”), provides professional liability and related package products for certain professionals, a range of insurance products for individuals, flood coverage, and targeted products and services designated for specific industries, trade groups, governmental entities and market niches, all of which are delivered through a nationwide network of independent agents, including Brown & Brown retail agents. The Wholesale Brokerage segment markets and sells excess and surplus commercial and personal lines insurance, primarily through independent agents and brokers, as well as Brown & Brown retail agents. The Services segment provides insurance-related services, including third-party claims administration and comprehensive medical utilization management services in both the workers’ compensation and all-lines liability arenas, as well as Medicare Set-aside services, Social Security disability and Medicare benefits advocacy services and claims adjusting services.

The Company primarily operates as an agent or broker not assuming underwriting risks. However, we operate a write-your-own flood insurance carrier, Wright National Flood Insurance Company (“WNFIC”). WNFIC’s underwriting business consists of policies written pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”), the program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) to which premiums and underwriting exposure are ceded and excess flood and private flood policies which are fully reinsured in the private market. The Company also participates in two capitalized captive insurance facilities (the "Captives") for the purpose of facilitating additional underwriting capacity, generating incremental revenues and participating in underwriting results.

NOTE 2 Basis of Financial Reporting

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

None.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting." The amendments provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments, along with the amendments within ASU 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" that extended the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848, are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2020-04 in connection with enacting on February 10, 2023 the transition provision in our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 27, 2021. Under the allowable expedients, a modification of a debt contract that is only a replacement of the reference rate is accounted for as a non-substantial modification.

10

NOTE 3 Revenues

The following tables present the revenues disaggregated by revenue source:

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other (8) |  |  | Total |
Base commissions (1) |  | $ | 488.9 |  |  | $ | 157.8 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 746.7 |
Fees (2) |  |  | 126.1 |  |  |  | 50.3 |  |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 44.3 |  |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | 238.0 |
Other supplemental commissions (3) |  |  | 82.4 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86.5 |
Profit-sharing contingent commissions (4) |  |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | 7.9 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26.8 |
Earned premium (5) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Investment income (6) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  |  | 7.0 |
Other income, net (7) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 713.5 |  |  | $ | 229.8 |  |  | $ | 123.4 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 1,116.0 |

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2022 |
(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other (8) |  |  | Total |
Base commissions (1) |  | $ | 393.5 |  |  | $ | 117.3 |  |  | $ | 78.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 589.1 |
Fees (2) |  |  | 112.7 |  |  |  | 34.6 |  |  |  | 16.1 |  |  |  | 43.6 |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | 206.6 |
Other supplemental commissions (3) |  |  | 72.2 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 78.9 |
Profit-sharing contingent commissions (4) |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28.6 |
Earned premium (5) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Investment income (6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Other income, net (7) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 596.4 |  |  | $ | 162.2 |  |  | $ | 102.9 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | $ | 904.7 |

(1)
Base commissions generally represent a percentage of the premium paid by an insured and are affected by fluctuations in both premium rate levels charged by insurance companies and the insureds’ underlying “insurable exposure units,” which are units that insurance companies use to measure or express insurance exposed to risk (such as property values, or sales and payroll levels) to determine what premium to charge the insured. Insurance companies establish these premium rates based upon many factors, including loss experience, risk profile and reinsurance rates paid by such insurance companies, none of which we control.
(2)
Fee revenues relate to fees for services other than securing coverage for our customers, fees negotiated in lieu of commissions, and F&I products and services.
(3)
Other supplemental commissions include additional commissions over base commissions received from insurance carriers based on predetermined growth or production measures. This includes incentive commissions and guaranteed supplemental commissions.
(4)
Profit-sharing contingent commissions are based primarily on underwriting results, but may also reflect considerations for volume, growth and/or retention.
(5)
Earned premium relates to the premiums earned in the Captives.
(6)
Investment income consists primarily of interest on cash and investments.
(7)
Other income, net consists primarily of other miscellaneous income.
(8)
Fees within Other reflects the elimination of intercompany revenues.

The following table presents the revenues disaggregated by geographic area where our services are being performed:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
U.S. |  | $ | 998.2 |  |  | $ | 884.3 |
U.K. |  |  | 98.1 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Ireland |  |  | 11.3 |  |  |  | 9.2 |
Canada |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |  | 5.1 |
Other |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 1,116.0 |  |  | $ | 904.7 |

11

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The balances of contract assets and contract liabilities arising from contracts with customers as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Contract assets |  | $ | 543.5 |  |  | $ | 431.2 |
Contract liabilities |  | $ | 104.2 |  |  | $ | 113.3 |

Unbilled receivables (contract assets) arise when the Company recognizes revenue for amounts which have not yet been billed in the Company's systems and are reflected in commissions, fees and other receivables in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The increase in contract assets over the balance as of December 31, 2022 is due to normal seasonality, growth in our business, and from businesses acquired in the current year.

Deferred revenue (contract liabilities) relates to payments received in advance of performance under the contract before the transfer of a good or service to the customer. Deferred revenue is reflected within accrued expenses and other liabilities for those to be recognized in less than 12 months and in other liabilities for those to be recognized more than 12 months from the date presented in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of March 31, 2023, deferred revenue consisted of $67.1 million as current portion to be recognized within one year and $37.1 million in long-term to be recognized beyond one year. As of December 31, 2022, deferred revenue consisted of $79.9 million as current portion to be recognized within one year and $33.4 million in long-term deferred revenue to be recognized beyond one year.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the net amount of revenue recognized related to performance obligations satisfied in a previous period was $12.0 million and $16.9 million, respectively, consisting of additional variable consideration received on our profit-sharing contingent commissions and other supplemental commissions.

Other Assets and Deferred Cost

Incremental cost to obtain - The Company defers certain costs to obtain customer contracts primarily as they relate to commission-based compensation plans in the Retail segment, in which the Company pays an incremental amount of compensation on new business. These incremental costs are deferred and amortized over a 15 year period. The cost to obtain balance within the other assets caption in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $80.4 million and $76.0 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company deferred $5.9 million of incremental cost to obtain customer contracts. The Company recorded an expense of $1.5 million associated with the incremental cost to obtain customer contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cost to fulfill - The Company defers certain costs to fulfill contracts and recognizes these costs as the associated performance obligations are fulfilled. The cost to fulfill balance within the other current assets caption in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 was $92.1 million. The cost to fulfill balance as of December 31, 2022 was $108.7 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had net expense of $17.0 million related to the release of previously deferred contract fulfillment costs associated with performance obligations that were satisfied in the period, net of current year deferrals for costs incurred that related to performance obligations yet to be fulfilled.

12

NOTE 4 Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares (including participating securities) issued and outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding plus equivalent shares, assuming the issuance of all potentially issuable common shares. The dilutive effect of potentially issuable common shares is computed by application of the treasury stock method. The following is a reconciliation between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 235.5 |  |  | $ | 220.3 |
Net income attributable to unvested awarded performance stock |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  |  | (4.4 | )
Net income attributable to common shares |  | $ | 231.5 |  |  | $ | 215.9 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 283.4 |  |  |  | 282.8 |
Less unvested awarded performance stock included in weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | (4.8 | ) |  |  | (5.7 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share |  |  | 278.6 |  |  |  | 277.1 |
Dilutive effect of potentially issuable common shares |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 279.4 |  |  |  | 278.6 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |

NOTE 5 Business Combinations

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Brown & Brown acquired all of the stock of five insurance intermediaries, assets and assumed certain liabilities of one insurance intermediary, and one book of business (customer accounts) for a total of seven acquisitions. Additionally, adjustments were recorded to the purchase price allocation of certain prior acquisitions completed within the last 12 months as permitted by Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805 — Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Such adjustments are presented in the “Other” category within the following two tables. The recorded purchase price for all acquisitions includes an estimation of the fair value of liabilities associated with any potential earn-out provisions. Subsequent changes in the fair value of earn-out obligations will be recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income when incurred.

The fair value of earn-out obligations is based on the present value of the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired businesses in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements. In determining fair value, the acquired business’s future performance is estimated using financial projections developed by management for the acquired business and reflects market participant assumptions regarding revenue growth and/or profitability. The expected future payments are estimated on the basis of the earn-out formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement compared to the associated financial projections. These payments are then discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration the likelihood that the forecasted earn-out payments will be made.

Based on the acquisition date and the complexity of the underlying valuation work, certain amounts included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements may be provisional and thus subject to further adjustments within the permitted measurement period, as defined in ASC 805. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, adjustments were made within the permitted measurement period that resulted in an increase in the purchase price of the affected acquisitions of $2.9 million. These measurement period adjustments have been reflected as current period adjustments in the three months ended March 31, 2023 in accordance with the guidance in ASU 2015-16 “Business Combinations.” The measurement period adjustments primarily impacted goodwill, with no effect on earnings or cash in the current period.

Cash paid for the seven acquisitions was $44.7 million, or $37.6 million net of cash and fiduciary cash acquired, during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the measurement periods, the Company will adjust assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of those assets and liabilities as of that date. These adjustments are made in the period in which the amounts are determined, and the current period income effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition date.

13

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the aggregate assets and liabilities acquired through the three months ended March 31, 2023 as of the date of each acquisition and adjustments made during the measurement period of the prior year acquisitions.

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(in millions) |  | Other (1) |  |  | Total |
Cash paid |  | $ | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 44.7 |
Other payable |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Recorded earn-out payable |  |  | 19.6 |  |  |  | 19.6 |
Total consideration |  |  | 64.5 |  |  |  | 64.5 |
Maximum potential earn-out payable |  |  | 21.1 |  |  |  | 21.1 |
Allocation of purchase price: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and equivalents |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  | 3.3 |
Fiduciary cash |  |  | 3.8 |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Fiduciary receivables |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  | 3.3 |
Other current assets |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | 2.6 |
Fixed assets |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Goodwill |  |  | 23.0 |  |  |  | 23.0 |
Purchased customer accounts and other |  |  | 16.6 |  |  |  | 16.6 |
Other assets |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Total assets acquired |  |  | 53.0 |  |  |  | 53.0 |
Fiduciary liabilities |  |  | (7.1 | ) |  |  | (7.1 | )
Other current liabilities |  |  | (3.8 | ) |  |  | (3.8 | )
Deferred income tax, net (2) |  |  | 23.9 |  |  |  | 23.9 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  |  | (1.5 | )
Total liabilities assumed |  |  | 11.5 |  |  |  | 11.5 |
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 64.5 |  |  | $ | 64.5 |

(1)
The other column represents current year acquisitions with total net assets acquired of less than $50.0 million and adjustments from prior year acquisitions that were made within the permitted measurement period.
(2)
The Company has revised the provisional amounts in the measurement period for items for which the accounting was incomplete. Additional time was needed to obtain the information necessary, present at the date of the acquisition, to recognize and measure all the items exchanged related to the acquisition of Orchid Underwriters Agency and CrossCover Insurance Services.

The weighted average useful lives for the acquired amortizable intangible assets are as follows: purchased customer accounts, 15.0 years; and non-compete agreements, 5.0 years.

Goodwill of $23.0 million, which is net of any opening balance sheet adjustments within the allowable measurement period, was allocated to the Retail and National Programs segments in the amounts of $44.6 million and ($21.6) million, respectively. Of the total goodwill of $23.0 million, $21.7 million relates to goodwill that will not be deductible for income tax purposes from acquisitions where we acquired the stock of the company. The amount of goodwill currently deductible for income tax purposes is $1.1 million and the remaining $0.2 million relates to recorded earn-out payables which will not be deductible for income tax purposes until it is earned and paid.

14

For the acquisitions completed during 2023, the results of operations since the acquisition dates have been combined with those of the Company. The total revenues from the acquisitions completed through March 31, 2023, included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $2.6 million. The income before income taxes from the acquisitions completed through March 31, 2023, included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $1.0 million. If the acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the respective periods, the Company’s estimated results of operations would be as shown in the following table. These unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations that would have occurred had the acquisitions actually been made at the beginning of the respective periods.

(UNAUDITED) |  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,116.3 |  |  | $ | 907.7 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 294.3 |  |  | $ | 265.8 |
Net income |  | $ | 235.6 |  |  | $ | 221.0 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 278.6 |  |  |  | 277.1 |
Diluted |  |  | 279.4 |  |  |  | 278.6 |

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair values of the estimated acquisition earn-out payables were re-evaluated and measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in ASC 820- Fair Value Measurement. The resulting additions, payments, and net changes, as well as the interest expense accretion on the estimated acquisition earn-out payables, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  | $ | 251.6 |  |  | $ | 291.0 |
Additions to estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | 19.6 |  |  |  | 10.8 |
Payments for estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (16.1 | ) |  |  | (46.9 | )
Subtotal |  |  | 255.1 |  |  |  | 254.9 |
Net change in earnings from estimated acquisition earn-out payables: |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value on estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (4.2 | ) |  |  | (4.8 | )
Interest expense accretion |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Net change in earnings from estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the year |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | (0.6 | )
Balance as of March 31, |  | $ | 254.2 |  |  | $ | 250.9 |

Of the $254.2 million estimated acquisition earn-out payables as of March 31, 2023, $144.6 million was recorded as accounts payable and $109.6 million was recorded as other non-current liabilities. As of March 31, 2023, the maximum future acquisition contingency payments related to all acquisitions was $535.9 million, inclusive of the $254.2 million estimated acquisition earn-out payables as of March 31, 2023. Four of the estimated acquisition earn-out payables assumed in connection with the acquisition of GRP (Jersey) Holdco Limited and its businesses ("GRP") included provisions with no maximum potential earn-out amount. The amount recorded for these acquisitions as of March 31, 2023 is $3.6 million. The Company deems a significant increase to this amount to be unlikely. In cluded within the additions to estimated acquisition earn-out payables are any adjustments to opening balance sheet items within the allowable measurement period, which may therefore differ from previously reported amounts.

15

NOTE 6 Goodwill

Goodwill is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test. The Company completed its most recent annual assessment as of November 30, 2022 and identified no impairment as a result of the evaluation.

The changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows:

(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 4,309.0 |  |  | $ | 1,602.4 |  |  | $ | 591.5 |  |  | $ | 171.3 |  |  | $ | 6,674.2 |
Goodwill of acquired businesses |  |  | 44.6 |  |  |  | (21.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23.0 |
Goodwill disposed of relating to sales of businesses |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.7 | )
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments during the year |  |  | 34.3 |  |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35.7 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 4,387.9 |  |  | $ | 1,577.0 |  |  | $ | 594.0 |  |  | $ | 171.3 |  |  | $ | 6,730.2 |

NOTE 7 Amortizable Intangible Assets

Amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
(in millions) |  | Gross carrying value |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |  |  | Weighted average life (years) (1) |  |  | Gross carrying value |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |  |  | Weighted average life (years) (1) |
Purchased customer accounts and other |  | $ | 2,968.9 |  |  | $ | (1,404.2 | ) |  | $ | 1,564.7 |  |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | $ | 2,957.7 |  |  | $ | (1,363.7 | ) |  | $ | 1,594.0 |  |  |  | 14.8 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | (34.5 | ) |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | (34.0 | ) |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |  | 4.4 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the year |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4.5 | ) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 3,021.4 |  |  | $ | (1,439.8 | ) |  | $ | 1,581.6 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,992.5 |  |  | $ | (1,397.3 | ) |  | $ | 1,595.2 |  |  |  |

(1)
Weighted average life calculated as of the date of acquisition.

Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027 is estimated to be $163.2 million, $158.6 million, $155.8 million, $149.8 million, and $136.6 million, respectively.

16

NOTE 8 Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Current portion of long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of 5-year term loan facility expires 2026 |  | $ | 18.8 |  |  | $ | 15.6 |
Current portion of 5-year term loan facility expires 2023 |  |  | 202.5 |  |  |  | 210.0 |
Current portion of 5-year term loan facility expires 2027 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  |  | 25.0 |
Total current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 246.3 |  |  |  | 250.6 |
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |
Note agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |
4.200% senior notes, semi-annual interest payments, net of the unamortized discount, balloon due 2024 |  | $ | 499.7 |  |  | $ | 499.7 |
4.500% senior notes, semi-annual interest payments, net of the unamortized discount, balloon due 2029 |  |  | 349.7 |  |  |  | 349.7 |
2.375% senior notes, semi-annual interest payments, net of the unamortized discount, balloon due 2031 |  |  | 699.4 |  |  |  | 699.4 |
4.200% senior notes, semi-annual interest payments, net of the unamortized discount, balloon due 2032 |  |  | 598.1 |  |  |  | 598.0 |
4.950% senior notes, semi-annual interest payments, net of the unamortized discount, balloon due 2052 |  |  | 592.1 |  |  |  | 592.0 |
Total notes |  |  | 2,739.0 |  |  |  | 2,738.8 |
Credit agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |
5-year term loan facility, periodic interest and principal payments, SOFR plus up to 1.750%, expires October 27, 2026 |  |  | 212.5 |  |  |  | 218.8 |
5-year revolving loan facility, periodic interest payments, SOFR plus up to 1.525%, plus commitment fees up to 0.225%, expires October 27, 2026 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
3-year term loan facility, periodic interest and principal payments, SOFR plus up to 1.625%, expires March 31, 2025 |  |  | 300.0 |  |  |  | 300.0 |
5-year term loan facility, periodic interest and principal payments, SOFR plus up to 1.750%, expires March 31, 2027 |  |  | 450.0 |  |  |  | 456.2 |
Total credit agreements |  |  | 962.5 |  |  |  | 975.0 |
Debt issuance costs (contra) |  |  | (21.5 | ) |  |  | (22.3 | )
Total long-term debt less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | 3,680.0 |  |  |  | 3,691.5 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 246.3 |  |  |  | 250.6 |
Total debt |  | $ | 3,926.3 |  |  | $ | 3,942.1 |

Note agreements: On March 17, 2022, the Company completed the issuance of $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 4.200% Senior Notes due 2032 (the “2032 Notes”) and $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 4.950% Senior Notes due 2052 (the “2052 Notes,” and together with the 2032 Notes, the “Notes”). The net proceeds to the Company from the issuance of the Notes, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $1,178.2 million. The Senior Notes were given investment grade ratings of BBB- stable outlook and Baa3 stable outlook. The 2032 Notes bear interest at the rate of 4.200% per year and will mature on March 17, 2032. The 2052 Notes bear interest at the rate of 4.950% per year and will mature on March 17, 2052. Interest on the Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will rank equal in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. The Company may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time and from time to time, at the “make whole” redemption prices specified in the Prospectus Supplement for the Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the redemption date. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering of the Notes, together with borrowings under its revolving credit facility, cash on hand and other borrowings, to fund the cash consideration and other amounts payable in connection with our acquisition of GRP and to pay fees and expenses associated with the foregoing. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was a total outstanding debt balance of $1,200.0 million exclusive of the associated discount balance on both Notes.

The Company also maintains other notes from other issuances aggregating to a total outstanding debt balance of $1,550.0 million exclusive of the associated discount balance as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Credit Agreements: On October 27, 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A., Truist Bank and BMO Harris Bank N.A. as co-syndication agents, and U.S. Bank National Association, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, PNC Bank, National Association, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. and Citizens

17

Bank, N.A. as co-documentation agents. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the credit agreement dated April 17, 2014, among certain of such parties, as amended by that certain amended and restated credit agreement dated June 28, 2017 (the “Original Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among other certain terms, extended the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility of $800.0 million and unsecured term loans associated with the agreement of $250.0 million to October 27, 2026. At the time of the renewal, the Company added an additional $2.7 million in debt issuance costs related to the transaction. The Company carried forward $0.6 million of existing debt issuance costs related to the previous credit facility agreements while expensing $0.1 million in debt issuance costs due to certain lenders exiting the renewed facility agreement. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No.1 ("Amendment") of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which provided that the overnight London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) should be replaced with a successor rate. The amendment also included additional terms and conditions for the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans and Risk-free
Reference Rate ("RFR") loans.

On March 31, 2022 (the "Effective Date"), the Company entered into a Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with the lenders named therein, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as administrative agent, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents and BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Truist Securities, Inc., as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers. The Loan Agreement evidences commitments for (i) unsecured delayed draw term loans in an aggregate amount of up to $300.0 million (the “Term A-1 Loan Commitment”) and (ii) unsecured delayed draw term loans in an amount of up to $500.0 million (the “Term A-2 Commitment” and, together with the Term A-1 Loan Commitments, the “Term Loan Commitments”). The Company may, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including receipt of additional term loan commitments by new or existing lenders, increase either Term Loan Commitment or the term loans issued thereunder or issue new tranches of term loans in an aggregate additional amount of up to $400.0 million. The Company may borrow term loans (the “Term Loans”) under either of the Term Loan Commitments during the period from the Effective Date until the date which is the first anniversary thereof. The Term Loans issued under the Term A-1 Loan Commitment (“Term A-1 Loans”) are due and payable on the date that is the third anniversary of the Effective Date unless such maturity date is extended as provided under the Loan Agreement. The Term Loans issued under the Term A-2 Loan Commitment (“Term A-2 Loans”) are repayable in installments until the fifth anniversary the Effective Date with any remaining outstanding amounts due and payable on such fifth anniversary of the Effective Date unless such maturity date is extended as provided under the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement includes various covenants (including financial covenants), limitations and events of default customary for similar facilities for similarly rated borrowers. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was an outstanding debt balance issued under the Term A-1 Loans of $300.0 million. As of March 31, 2023 there was an outstanding loan balance on the Term A-2 Loans of $475.0 million and as of December 31, 2022 the outstanding balance on the Term A-2 Loans was $481.3 million.

The Company also maintains other credit agreements that include term loans and a revolving credit facility all having similar terms and covenants. The outstanding balances on the other term loans as of March 31, 2023 was $433.8 million and on December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance on these term loans was $444.4 million. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 there was no outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Term Loan Credit Agreement and Loan Agreement require the Company to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain other covenants. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The 30-day Adjusted LIBOR Rate for and the Term Loan Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2023 were each 3.125%. The 1-month Term SOFR Rate for the term loan of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is 4.907%, the 1-month Term SOFR Rate for the Term A-1 Loans is 4.856% and the 1-month Term SOFR Rate for the Term A-2 Loans is 4.919% as of March 31, 2023. These SOFR rates are inclusive of a 0.100% credit-spread adjustment per the terms of the relevant agreements.

NOTE 9 Leases

Substantially all of the Company's operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities represent real estate leases for office space used to conduct the Company's business that expire on various dates through 2041. Leases generally contain renewal options and escalation clauses based upon increases in the lessors’ operating expenses and other charges. The Company anticipates that most of these leases will be renewed or replaced upon expiration.

The Company assesses at inception of a contract if it contains a lease. This assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which is primarily composed of the initial lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments through the term of the lease. Minimum lease payments are discounted to present value using the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date, which approximates the rate of interest the Company expects to pay on a secured borrowing in an amount equal to the lease payments for the underlying asset under similar terms and economic conditions. The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a total term of 12 months or less. The effect of short-term leases on the Company's right-of-use asset and lease liability would not be significant.

18

The balances and classification of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet is as follows:

(in millions) |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | Operating lease assets |  | $ | 210.0 |  |  | $ | 214.9 |
Total assets |  |  |  | 210.0 |  |  |  | 214.9 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current operating lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | 46.2 |  |  |  | 45.0 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 191.0 |  |  |  | 195.9 |
Total liabilities |  |  | $ | 237.2 |  |  | $ | 240.9 |

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has entered into future lease agreements expected to commence later in 2023 consisting of undiscounted lease liabilities of $6.6 million.

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments, inclusive of lease incentives, plus any initial direct costs, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability. Variable lease cost is lease payments that are based on an index or similar rate. They are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and are based on the minimum payments stated in the lease. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate, or payments based on a change in the Company's portion of the operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, are recorded as a period expense when incurred.

The components of lease cost for operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

| Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating leases: |  |  |  |  |
Lease cost | $ | 14.3 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |
Variable lease cost |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Short-term lease cost |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Operating lease cost | $ | 15.5 |  |  | $ | 14.5 |
Sublease income |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | )
Total lease cost net | $ | 15.2 |  |  | $ | 14.1 |

The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were:

Weighted average remaining lease term |  |  | 6.21 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 3.14 | %

Maturities of the operating lease liabilities by fiscal year at March 31, 2023 for the Company's operating leases are as follows:

(in millions) |  | Operating leases |
2023 (Remainder) |  | $ | 38.8 |
2024 |  |  | 51.9 |
2025 |  |  | 44.7 |
2026 |  |  | 33.8 |
2027 |  |  | 27.0 |
Thereafter |  |  | 64.5 |
Total undiscounted lease payments |  |  | 260.7 |
Less: imputed interest |  |  | 23.5 |
Present value of lease payments |  | $ | 237.2 |

19

Supplemental cash flow information for operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

| Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 14.7 |  |  | $ | 14.1 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating liabilities | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |

NOTE 10 Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information and Non-Cash Financing and Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had an impact of $14.3 million on foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents inclusive of fiduciary cash reported on its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows which is primarily due to the increase in currency exchange rates for British pounds.

Cash paid during the period for interest and income taxes are summarized as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 72.9 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |
Income taxes, net of refunds |  | $ | 43.9 |  |  | $ | 4.6 |

Significant non-cash investing and financing activities are summarized as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Other payables issued for agency acquisitions and purchased customer accounts |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | — |
Estimated acquisition earn-out payables issued for agency acquisitions |  | $ | 19.6 |  |  | $ | 10.8 |

The Company's restricted cash balance is composed of funds held in separate premium trust accounts as required by state law or, in some cases, by agreement with carrier partners. The following is a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents inclusive of restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Table to reconcile restricted and non-restricted fiduciary cash |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted fiduciary cash |  | $ | 1,210.8 |  |  | $ | 1,231.9 |
Non-restricted fiduciary cash |  |  | 169.2 |  |  |  | 151.3 |
Total restricted and non-restricted fiduciary cash at the end of the period |  | $ | 1,380.0 |  |  | $ | 1,383.2 |

NOTE 11 Legal and Regulatory Proceedings

The Company is involved in numerous pending or threatened proceedings by or against Brown & Brown, Inc. or one or more of its subsidiaries that arise in the ordinary course of business. The damages that may be claimed against the Company in these various proceedings are in some cases substantial, including in certain instances claims for punitive or extraordinary damages. Some of these claims and lawsuits have been resolved; others are in the process of being resolved and others are still in the investigation or discovery phase. The Company will continue to respond appropriately to these claims and lawsuits and to vigorously protect its interests.

The Company continues to assess certain litigation and claims to determine the amounts, if any, that management believes will be paid as a result of such claims and litigation and, therefore, additional losses may be accrued and paid in the future, which could adversely impact the Company’s operating results, cash flows and overall liquidity. The Company maintains third-party insurance policies to provide coverage for certain legal claims, in an effort to mitigate its overall exposure to unanticipated claims or adverse decisions. However, as (i) one or more of the Company’s insurance carriers could take the position that portions of these claims are not covered by the Company’s insurance, (ii) to the extent that payments are made to resolve claims and lawsuits, applicable insurance policy limits are eroded and (iii) the claims and lawsuits relating to these matters are continuing to develop, it is possible that future results of operations or cash flows for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by unfavorable resolutions of these matters. Based upon the AM Best Company ratings of these third-party insurers and other factors, management does not believe there is a substantial risk of an insurer’s material non-performance related to any current insured claims.

20

On the basis of current information, the availability of insurance and legal advice, in management’s opinion, the Company is not currently involved in any legal proceedings which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, operations and/or cash flows that are not reflected in the financial statements.

NOTE 12 Segment Information

Brown & Brown’s business is divided into four reportable segments: (1) the Retail segment, which provides a broad range of insurance products and services to commercial, public and quasi-public entities, and to professional and individual customers, and non-insurance risk-mitigating products through our F&I businesses, (2) the National Programs segment, which acts as an MGA, provides professional liability and related package products for certain professionals, a range of insurance products for individuals, flood coverage, and targeted products and services designated for specific industries, trade groups, governmental entities and market niches, all of which are delivered through nationwide networks of independent agents, and Brown & Brown retail agents, (3) the Wholesale Brokerage segment, which markets and sells excess and surplus commercial and personal lines insurance, primarily through independent agents and brokers, as well as Brown & Brown retail agents, and (4) the Services segment, which provides insurance-related services, including third-party claims administration and comprehensive medical utilization management services in both the workers’ compensation and all-lines liability arenas, as well as Medicare Set-aside services, Social Security disability and Medicare benefits advocacy services and claims adjusting services.

Brown & Brown conducts most of its operations within the United States of America. International operations include Retail operations in England, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland and Northern Ireland, National Programs operations in Canada and England, and Wholesale Brokerage operations based in England, Italy and Belgium. These operations earned $117.8 million and $20.4 million of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Intersegment revenues are eliminated.

Summarized financial information concerning the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following tables. The “Other” column includes any income and expenses not allocated to reportable segments, corporate-related items, including the intercompany interest expense charge to the reporting segment.

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Total revenues |  | $ | 713.5 |  |  | $ | 229.8 |  |  | $ | 123.4 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 1,116.0 |
Investment income |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5.4 |  |  | $ | 7.0 |
Amortization |  | $ | 27.4 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41.4 |
Depreciation |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 21.8 |  |  | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 12.0 |  |  | $ | 46.7 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 210.2 |  |  | $ | 73.3 |  |  | $ | 31.2 |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | (25.7 | ) |  | $ | 294.2 |
Total assets |  | $ | 7,605.3 |  |  | $ | 3,675.2 |  |  | $ | 1,440.7 |  |  | $ | 285.0 |  |  | $ | 393.7 |  |  | $ | 13,399.9 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 11.8 |

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2022 |
(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Total revenues |  | $ | 596.4 |  |  | $ | 162.2 |  |  | $ | 102.9 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | $ | 904.7 |
Investment income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
Amortization |  | $ | 21.1 |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31.1 |
Depreciation |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 8.1 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 23.6 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | (11.6 | ) |  | $ | 18.3 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 184.1 |  |  | $ | 41.7 |  |  | $ | 25.6 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | 7.0 |  |  | $ | 265.0 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,903.9 |  |  | $ | 3,338.8 |  |  | $ | 1,124.8 |  |  | $ | 290.5 |  |  | $ | 1,614.9 |  |  | $ | 11,272.9 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |

21

NOTE 13 Investments

At March 31, 2023, the Company’s amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows:

(in millions) |  | Cost |  |  | Gross unrealized gains |  |  | Gross unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |
U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and municipalities |  | $ | 23.7 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | 22.3 |
Corporate debt |  |  | 7.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 6.8 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 30.8 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (1.8 | ) |  | $ | 29.1 |

At March 31, 2023, the Company held $22.3 million in fixed income securities composed of U.S. Treasury securities, securities issued by U.S. Government agencies and municipalities, and $6.8 million issued by corporations with investment grade ratings. Of that total, $3.7 million is classified as short-term investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as maturities are less than one year. Additionally, the Company holds $5.6 million in short-term investments, which are related to time deposits held with various financial institutions.

For securities in a loss position, the following table shows the investments’ gross unrealized loss and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2023:

|  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
(in millions) |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |
U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and municipalities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | )
Corporate debt |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 6.8 |  |  |  | (0.3 | )
Total |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24.2 |  |  | $ | (1.8 | ) |  | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | (1.8 | )

At March 31, 2023, the Company had 31 securities in an unrealized loss position. The unrealized losses for the period ended March 31, 2023 were caused by interest rate increases. The corporate securities are highly rated securities with no indicators of potential impairment. Based on the ability and intent of the Company to hold these investments until recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the bonds were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2022, the Company’s amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows:

(in millions) |  | Cost |  |  | Gross unrealized gains |  |  | Gross unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |
U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and municipalities |  | $ | 22.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1.8 | ) |  | $ | 21.0 |
Corporate debt |  |  | 8.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | 7.8 |
Total |  | $ | 31.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  | $ | 28.8 |

At December 31, 2022, the Company held $21.0 million in fixed income securities composed of U.S. Treasury securities, securities issued by U.S. Government agencies and municipalities, and $7.8 million issued by corporations with investment grade ratings. Of that total, $6.4 million is classified as short-term investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as maturities are less than one year, which also includes $5.6 million that is related to time deposits held with various financial institutions.

For securities in a loss position, the following table shows the investments’ gross unrealized loss and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2022:

|  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
(in millions) |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |  |  | Fair value |  |  | Unrealized losses |
U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and municipalities |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | (1.7 | ) |  | $ | 21.0 |  |  | $ | (1.8 | )
Corporate debt |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | (0.4 | )
Total |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 19.9 |  |  | $ | (2.0 | ) |  | $ | 28.8 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | )

22

The unrealized losses from corporate issuers were caused by interest rate increases. At December 31, 2022, the Company had 33 securities in an unrealized loss position. The corporate securities are highly rated securities with no indicators of potential impairment. Based on the ability and intent of the Company to hold these investments until recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the bonds were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2022.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the fixed maturity securities at March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are set forth below:

(in millions) |  | Amortized cost |  |  | Fair value |
Years to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |
Due after one year through five years |  | $ | 27.1 |  |  | $ | 25.4 |
Due after five years |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total |  | $ | 30.8 |  |  | $ | 29.1 |

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2022 by contractual maturity are set forth below:

(in millions) |  | Amortized cost |  |  | Fair value |
Years to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 6.5 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 24.5 |  |  |  | 22.4 |
Due after five years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 31.0 |  |  | $ | 28.8 |

The expected maturities in the foregoing table may differ from the contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty.

Proceeds from the sales and maturity of the Company’s investment in fixed maturity securities and maturing time deposits were $3.7 million from the period of January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023. These proceeds were generally used to purchase an additional $3.6 million of fixed income securities and time deposits. Their gains and losses realized on the sale of securities for the period from January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 were insignificant.

Realized gains and losses are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, with the cost of securities sold determined on a specific identification basis.

At March 31, 2023, investments with a fair value of approximately $4.2 million were on deposit with state insurance departments to satisfy regulatory requirements.

NOTE 14 Insurance Company Subsidiary Operations

Although the reinsurers are liable to the Company for amounts reinsured, our subsidiary, Wright National Flood Insurance Company (“WNFIC”), remains primarily liable to its policyholders for the full amount of the policies written whether or not the reinsurers meet their obligations to the Company when they become due. The Company also participates in two Captives for the purpose of facilitating additional underwriting capacity and participating in a portion of the underwriting results. One Captive participates on a quota share basis for policies placed by certain of our MGA businesses that are currently focused on property insurance for earthquake and wind exposed properties with a portion of premiums ceded to reinsurance companies, limiting, but not fully eliminating the Company's exposure to claims expenses. The other Captive participates through excess of loss reinsurance layers associated with one of our MGA businesses focused on placements of personal property, excluding flood, primarily in the southeastern United States with one layer of per risk excess reinsurance and three layers of catastrophe ("CAT") per occurrence reinsurance. All four layers have limited reinstatements and therefore have capped, maximum aggregate limits. The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned are as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(in millions) |  | Written |  |  | Earned |
Direct premiums - WNFIC |  | $ | 162.4 |  |  | $ | 184.7 |
Ceded premiums - WNFIC |  |  | (162.4 | ) |  |  | (184.7 | )
Net premiums - WNFIC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Assumed premiums - Quota share captive and excess of loss layer captive |  |  | 25.8 |  |  |  | 16.8 |
Ceded premiums - Quota share captive |  |  | (15.9 | ) |  |  | (6.8 | )
Net premiums - Quota share captive and excess of loss layer captive |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Net premiums - Total |  | $ | 9.9 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |

23

All premiums written by WNFIC under the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”) are 100% ceded to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, for which WNFIC received a 29.7% gross expense allowance from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023. For the period from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023, the Company ceded $161.8 million of written premiums to FEMA, with $0.6 million ceded to highly rated carriers for excess flood policies which are not within the NFIP.

As of March 31, 2023 the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet contained reinsurance recoverable of $139.2 million and prepaid reinsurance premium s of $359.6 million which are related to the WNFIC business. There was no net activity in the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense during the period January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023, as WNFIC’s direct premiums written were 100% ceded to two reinsurers. The balance of the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense for WNFIC, excluding related reinsurance recoverable, as of March 31, 2023 was $139.2 million.

WNFIC maintains capital in excess of the minimum statutory amount of $7.5 million as required by regulatory authorities. The unaudited statutory capital and surplus of WNFIC was $33.0 million at March 31, 2023 and $31.8 million as of December 31, 2022. For the period from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023, WNFIC generated statutory net income of $0.5 million. For the period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, WNFIC generated statutory net income of $1.3 million. The maximum amount of ordinary dividends that WNFIC can pay to shareholders in a rolling 12-month period is limited to the greater of 10% of statutory adjusted capital and surplus or 100% of adjusted net income. There was no dividend payout in 2022 and the maximum dividend payout that may be made in 2023 without prior approval is $3.2 million.

In December 2021, the initial funding to capitalize the quota share Captive was $5.9 million. This capital in addition to current earnings of $8.5 million through March 31, 2023, is considered at risk for loss. Assumed net written and net earned premiums for the quota share Captive for the three months ended March 31, 2023, were $9.0 million a nd $9.9 million, respectively. For three months ended March 31, 2023 the ultimate loss expense inclusive of incurred but not reported ("IBNR") claims was $8.6 million, of which $7.8 million is related to the estimated insured losses with Hurricane Ian. In connection with the estimated IBNR from Hurricane Ian claims, $3.6 million was recorded as estimated reinsurance recoverable for a net expected loss of $4.2 million. As of March 31, 2023, reported insured losses associated with Hurricane Ian of $2.4 million. As of March 31, 2023 the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet contained prepaid reinsurance premiums of $20.0 million related to the Captive of deferred acquisitions costs of $19.4 million, reinsurance payable for $5.3 million, and the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense, excluding related reinsurance recoverable, was $8.6 million. The first collateral release is expected in 2024 and is based on an IBNR factor times earned premium compared to the current collateral balance.

The excess of loss layer Captive was renewed in September 2022 with underlying reinsurance treaties effective from June 1 through May 31, 2023. This Captive’s maximum underwriting exposure is $5.2 million. Assumed net earned premiums for the Captive for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $0.9 million. As of March 31, 2023 the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet contained the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense of $6.3 million of which $6.0 million is related to Hurricane Ian.

NOTE 15 Shareholders’ Equity

Under the authorization from the Company’s Board of Directors, shares may be purchased from time to time, at the Company’s discretion and subject to the availability of stock, market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses for capital, the Company’s financial performance and other potential factors. These purchases may be carried out through open market purchases, block trades, accelerated share repurchase plans of up to $100.0 million each (unless otherwise approved by the Board of Directors), negotiated private transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

From January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023, the Company completed share repurchases in the open market of 2,100 shares at a total cost of $0.1 million, at an average price of $53.84 per share.

After completing these open market share repurchases, the Company has outstanding approval to purchase up to approximately $249.5 million, in the aggregate, of the Company's outstanding common stock.

During the first quarter, the Company paid a dividend of $0.1150 per share, which was approved by the Board of Directors on January 18, 2023 and paid on February 15, 2023 for a total of $32.6 million.

On April 24, 2023 the Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.1150 per share payable on May 17, 2023 to shareholders of record on May 8, 2023.

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ITEM 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis o f Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion updates the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and the two discussions should be read together.

GENERAL

Company Overview — First Quarter of 2023

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes to those Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, please see “Information Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below regarding important information on non-GAAP financial measures contained in our discussion and analysis.

We are a diversified insurance agency, wholesale brokerage, insurance programs and services organization headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida. As an insurance intermediary, our principal sources of revenue are commissions paid by insurance companies and, to a lesser extent, fees paid directly by customers. Commission revenues generally represent a percentage of the premium paid by an insured and are affected by fluctuations in both premium rate levels charged by insurance companies and the insureds’ underlying “insurable exposure units,” which are units that insurance companies use to measure or express insurance exposed to risk (such as property values, sales or payroll levels) to determine what premium to charge the insured. Insurance companies establish these premium rates based upon many factors, including loss experience, risk profile and reinsurance rates paid by such insurance companies, none of which we control. We also participate in capitalized captive insurance facilities (the "Captives") for the purpose of having additional capacity to place coverage, drive additional revenues and to participate in underwriting. The Company has traditionally participated in underwriting profits through profit-sharing contingent commissions. These Captives give us another way to deliver incremental revenue growth and continue to participate in underwriting results while limiting exposure to claims expenses. The Captives focus on property insurance for earthquake and wind exposed properties underwritten by certain managing general agents. The Captives limit the Company's exposure to claims expenses either through reinsurance or by only participating in certain tranches of the underwriting.

The volume of business from new and existing customers, fluctuations in insurable exposure units, changes in premium rate levels, changes in general economic and competitive conditions, a health pandemic or a reduction of purchase limits the occurrence of catastrophic weather events all affect our revenues. For example, higher levels of inflation, which increase the value of insurable exposure units, or a general decline in economic activity, which could decrease the value of insurable exposure units. Conversely, increasing costs of litigation settlements and awards could cause some customers to seek higher levels of insurance coverage. Historically, we have grown our revenues as a result of our focus on net new business and acquisitions. We foster a strong, decentralized sales and service culture, which enables responsiveness to changing business conditions and drives accountability for results.

The term “core commissions and fees” excludes profit-sharing contingent commissions, and therefore represents the revenues earned directly from specific insurance policies sold, and specific fee-based services rendered. The net change in core commissions and fees reflects the aggregate changes attributable to: (i) net new and lost accounts; (ii) net changes in our customers’ exposure units; (iii) net changes in insurance premium rates or the commission rate paid to us by our carrier partners; (iv) the net change in fees paid to us by our customers; and (v) any businesses acquired or disposed of.

We also earn profit-sharing contingent commissions, which are commissions based primarily on underwriting results, but in select situations may reflect additional considerations for volume, growth and/or retention. These commissions, which are included in our commissions and fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, are accrued throughout the year based on actual premiums written and are primarily received in the first and second quarters of each subsequent year, based upon the aforementioned considerations for the prior year(s). Over the last three years, profit-sharing contingent commissions have averaged approximately 3.0% of commissions and fees revenue.

Fee revenues primarily relate to services other than securing coverage for our customers, and to a lesser extent as fees negotiated in lieu of commissions. Fee revenues are generated by: (i) our Services segment, which is primarily a fee-based business that provides insurance-related services, including third-party claims administration and comprehensive medical utilization management services in both the workers’ compensation and all-lines liability arenas, as well as Medicare Set-aside services, Social Security disability and Medicare benefits advocacy services, and claims adjusting services; (ii) our National Programs and Wholesale Brokerage segments, which earn fees primarily for the issuance of insurance policies on behalf of insurance companies; and (iii) our Retail segment in our large-account customer base, where we primarily earn fees for securing insurance for our customers, and in our automobile dealer services (“F&I”) businesses where we earn fees for assisting our customers with creating and selling warranty and service risk management programs. Fee revenues as a percentage of our total commissions and fees, represented 25.8% in 2022 and 27.4% in 2021.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our total commissions and fees growth rate was 22.5%, and our consolidated Organic Revenue growth rate was 12.6%.

Historically, investment income has consisted primarily of interest earnings on operating cash and where permitted, on premiums and advance premiums collected and held in a fiduciary capacity before being remitted to insurance companies. Our policy as it relates to the Company’s capital is to invest available funds in high-quality, short-term money-market funds and fixed income investment securities. Investment income also includes gains and losses realized from the sale of investments. Other income primarily reflects other miscellaneous revenues.

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Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased from the first quarter of 2022 by $29.2 million or 11.0%, driven by net new business and acquisitions completed in the past 12 months, which were partially offset by increased amortization expense as a result of our recent acquisitions along with increased interest expense associated with higher average debt balances from debt issued and bank financing in the first quarter of 2022 to fund the acquisitions of GRP (Jersey) Holdco Limited and its businesses ("GRP"), Orchid Underwriters Agency and CrossCover Insurance Services ("Orchid") and BdB Limited companies ("BdB") as well as increases in the floating-rate benchmark used on our adjustable rate debt.

Information Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In the discussion and analysis of our results of operations, in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we provide references to the following non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G of the SEC rules: Total Revenues - Adjusted, Organic Revenue, EBITDAC, EBITDAC Margin, EBITDAC - Adjusted and EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted. We present these measures because we believe such information is of interest to the investment community and because we believe it provides additional meaningful methods to evaluate the Company’s operating performance from period to period on a basis that may not be otherwise apparent on a GAAP basis due to the impact of certain items that have a high degree of variability and that we believe are not indicative of ongoing performance. This non-GAAP financial information should be considered in addition to, not in lieu of, the Company’s consolidated income statements and balance sheets as of the relevant date. Consistent with Regulation G, a description of such information is provided below and tabular reconciliations of this supplemental non-GAAP financial information to our most comparable GAAP information are contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under “Results of Operations - Segment Information.”

We view Organic Revenue and Organic Revenue growth as important indicators when assessing and evaluating our performance on a consolidated basis and for each of our four segments, because it allows us to determine a comparable, but non-GAAP, measurement of revenue growth that is associated with the revenue sources that were a part of our business in both the current and prior year and that are expected to continue in the future. We also view Total Revenues - Adjusted, EBITDAC, EBITDAC - Adjusted, EBITDAC Margin and EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted as important indicators when assessing and evaluating our performance, as they present more comparable measurements of our operating margins in a meaningful and consistent manner. As disclosed in our most recent proxy statement, we use Organic Revenue, and EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted as key performance metrics for our short-term and long-term incentive compensation plans for executive officers and other key employees.

Non-GAAP Revenue Measures

•
Total Revenues - Adjusted is our total revenues, excluding Foreign Currency Translation (as defined below).
•
Organic Revenue is our core commissions and fees less: (i) the core commissions and fees earned for the first 12 months by newly acquired operations; (ii) divested business (core commissions and fees generated from offices, books of business or niches sold or terminated during the comparable period); and (iii) Foreign Currency Translation (as defined below). The term “core commissions and fees” excludes profit-sharing contingent commissions and therefore represents the revenues earned directly from specific insurance policies sold and specific fee-based services rendered. Organic Revenue can be expressed as a dollar amount or a percentage rate when describing Organic Revenue growth.

Non-GAAP Earnings Measures

•
EBITDAC is defined as income before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and the change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables.
•
EBITDAC Margin is defined as EBITDAC divided by total revenues.
•
EBITDAC - Adjusted is defined as EBITDAC, excluding (i) (gain)/loss on disposal, (ii) Acquisition/Integration Costs (as defined below), (iii) for 2023, the 1Q23 Nonrecurring Cost (as defined below) and (iv) Foreign Currency Translation (as defined below).
•
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted is defined as EBITDAC - Adjusted divided by Total Revenues - Adjusted.

Definitions Related to Certain Components of Non-GAAP Measures

•
“Acquisition/Integration Costs” means the acquisition and integration costs (e.g., costs associated with regulatory filings, legal/accounting services, due diligence and the costs of integrating our information technology systems) arising out of our acquisitions of GRP (Jersey) Holdco Limited and its business, Orchid Underwriters Agency and CrossCover Insurance Services, and BdB Limited companies, which are not considered to be normal, recurring or part of the ongoing operations.
•
“Foreign Currency Translation” means the period-over period impact of foreign currency translation, which is calculated by applying current-year foreign exchange rates to the various functional currencies in our business to our reporting currency of US dollars for the same period in the prior year.

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•
“1Q23 Nonrecurring Cost” means approximately $11.0 million expensed and substantially paid in the first quarter of 2023 to resolve a business matter, which is not considered to be normal, recurring or part of the ongoing operations.

Our industry peers may provide similar supplemental non-GAAP information with respect to one or more of these measures, although they may not use the same or comparable terminology and may not make identical adjustments and, therefore comparability may be limited. This supplemental non-GAAP financial information should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Acquisitions

Part of our continuing business strategy is to attract high-quality insurance intermediaries to join our operations. From 1993 through the first quarter of 2023, we acquired 618 insurance intermediary operations.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have had no changes to our Critical Accounting Policies as described in our most recent Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We believe that of our significant accounting and reporting policies, the more critical policies include our accounting for revenue recognition, business combinations and purchase price allocations including potential earn-out obligations, intangible asset impairments, non-cash stock-based compensation and reserves for litigation. In particular, the accounting for these areas requires significant use of judgment to be made by management. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Refer to Note 1 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for details regarding our critical and significant accounting policies.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022

The following discussion and analysis regarding results of operations and liquidity and capital resources should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes.

Financial information relating to our condensed consolidated financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 1,081.2 |  |  | $ | 875.7 |  |  |  | 23.5 | %
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | 26.8 |  |  |  | 28.6 |  |  |  | (6.3 | )%
Investment income |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | NMF |
Other income, net |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | NMF |
Total revenues |  |  | 1,116.0 |  |  |  | 904.7 |  |  |  | 23.4 | %
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 571.1 |  |  |  | 459.0 |  |  |  | 24.4 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 160.7 |  |  |  | 126.8 |  |  |  | 26.7 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | NMF |
Amortization |  |  | 41.4 |  |  |  | 31.1 |  |  |  | 33.1 | %
Depreciation |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |  | 22.2 | %
Interest |  |  | 46.7 |  |  |  | 18.3 |  |  |  | 155.2 | %
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | ) |  | NMF |
Total expenses |  |  | 821.8 |  |  |  | 639.7 |  |  |  | 28.5 | %
Income before income taxes |  |  | 294.2 |  |  |  | 265.0 |  |  |  | 11.0 | %
Income taxes |  |  | 58.7 |  |  |  | 44.7 |  |  |  | 31.3 | %
NET INCOME |  | $ | 235.5 |  |  | $ | 220.3 |  |  |  | 6.9 | %
Income Before Income Taxes Margin (1) |  |  | 26.4 | % |  |  | 29.3 | % |  |  |
EBITDAC - Adjusted (2) |  | $ | 398.2 |  |  | $ | 323.1 |  |  |  | 23.2 | %
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted (2) |  |  | 35.7 | % |  |  | 35.7 | % |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 12.6 | % |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits relative to total revenues |  |  | 51.2 | % |  |  | 50.7 | % |  |  |
Other operating expenses relative to total revenues |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 14.0 | % |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 11.8 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  |  | 18.0 | %
Total assets at March 31, |  | $ | 13,399.9 |  |  | $ | 11,272.9 |  |  |  |

(1) "Income Before Income Taxes Margin" is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

Commissions and Fees

Commissions and fees, including profit-sharing contingent commissions, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $203.7 million to $1,108.0 million, or 22.5%, over the same period in 2022. Core commissions and fees revenue for the first quarter of 2023 increased $205.5 million, composed of : (i) approximately $107.0 million of net new and renewal business, which reflects an Organic Revenue growth rate of 12.6%; (ii) $113.9 million from acquisitions that had no comparable revenues in the same period of 2022; (iii) an offsetting decrease from the impact of Foreign Currency Translation of $0.7 million; and (iv) an offsetting decrease of $15.6 million related to commissions and fees revenue from business divested in the preceding 12 months. Profit-sharing contingent commissions for the first quarter of 2022 decreased by $1.8 million, or 6.3%, compared to the same period in 2022.

Investment Income

Investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $6.8 million from the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily driven by higher average interest rates compared to the prior year.

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Other Income

Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $0.8 million to $1.0 million as compared to the same period in 2022.

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of total revenues was 51.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to 50.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and increased 24.4%, or $112.1 million. This increase included $56.0 million of compensation costs related to stand-alone acquisitions that had no comparable costs in the same period of 2022. Therefore, employee compensation and benefits expense attributable to those offices that existed in the same time periods of 2023 and 2022 increased by $56.1 million, or 12.2%. This underlying employee compensation and benefits expense increase was primarily related to: (i) an increase in staff salaries attributable to salary inflation; (ii) an increase in producer compensation associated with revenue growth and (iii) the year-over-year increase of approximately $14.7 million in the value of deferred compensation liabilities driven by changes in the market prices of our employees' investment elections associated with our deferred compensation plan, with such amount substantially offset within other operating expenses as we hold assets to fund these liabilities that closely match the investment elections of our employees.

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses represented 14.4% of total revenues for the first quarter of 2023 as compared to 14.0% for the first quarter of 2022. Other operating expenses for the first quarter of 2023 increased $33.9 million, or 26.7%, from the same period of 2022. The net increase included: (i) $27.0 million of other operating expenses related to stand-alone acquisitions that had no comparable costs in the same period of 2022; (ii) expenses of approximately $11.0 million to resolve a business matter during the first quarter of 2023 which is not considered to be normal, recurring or part of the ongoing operations; (iii) increased variable costs with travel and entertainment being the largest driver, partially offset by; (iv) the year-over-year decrease of approximately $14.7 million in the value of assets held to fund the associated liabilities within our deferred compensation plan, which was substantially offset within employee compensation and benefits as noted above.

Gain or Loss on Disposal

Gain on disposal for the first quarter of 2023 increased $5.5 million from the first quarter of 2022. The gains on disposal were due to activity associated with book of business sales. Although we do not routinely sell businesses or customer accounts, we periodically sell an office or a book of business (one or more customer accounts) that we believe does not produce reasonable margins or demonstrate a potential for growth, or because doing so is in the Company’s best interest.

Amortization

Amortization expense for the first quarter of 2023 increased $10.3 million, or 33.1%, compared to the first quarter of 2022. These increases reflect the amortization of new intangibles from businesses acquired within the past 12 months, partially offset by certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense for the first quarter of 2023 increased $1.8 million, or 22.2%, compared to the first quarter of 2022. Changes in depreciation expense reflect the addition of fixed assets resulting from business initiatives, and net additions of fixed assets resulting from businesses acquired in the past 12 months, which were partially offset by fixed assets that became fully depreciated.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the first quarter of 2023 increased $28.4 million, or 155.2%, compared to the first quarter of 2022. These increases were due to higher average debt balances resulting from debt issuance and bank financing in the first quarter of 2022 to fund the acquisitions of Orchid, GRP, and BdB, as well as increases in the floating-rate benchmark used on our adjustable-rate debt.

Change in Estimated Acquisition Earn-Out Payables

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805-Business Combinations is the authoritative guidance requiring an acquirer to recognize 100% of the fair value of acquired assets, including goodwill, and assumed liabilities (with only limited exceptions) upon initially obtaining control of an acquired entity. Additionally, the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements (such as earn-out purchase price arrangements) at the acquisition date must be included in the purchase price consideration. The recorded purchase price for acquisitions includes an estimation of the fair value of liabilities associated with any potential earn-out provisions. Subsequent changes in these earn-out obligations are required to be recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income when incurred or reasonably estimated. Estimations of potential earn-out obligations are typically based upon future earnings of the acquired operations or entities, usually for periods ranging from one to three years.

The net charge or credit to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period is the combination of the net change in the estimated acquisition earn-out payables balance, and the interest expense imputed on the outstanding balance of the estimated acquisition earn-out payables.

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As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair values of the estimated acquisition earn-out payables were re-evaluated based upon projected operating results and measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in ASC 820-Fair Value Measurement. The resulting net changes, as well as the interest expense accretion on the estimated acquisition earn-out payables, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Change in fair value of estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  | $ | (4.2 | ) |  | $ | (4.8 | )
Interest expense accretion |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Net change in earnings from estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  | $ | (2.3 | ) |  | $ | (3.4 | )

For the three months ending March 31, 2023, the fair value of estimated earn-out payables was re-evaluated and decreased by $4.2 million and decreased by $4.8 for the three months ending March 31, 2022, which resulted in credits to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, estimated acquisition earn-out payables totaled $254.2 million, of which $144.6 million was recorded as accounts payable and $109.6 million was recorded as other non-current liabilities.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate on income from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 20.0% and 16.9%. The
increase was driven primarily by the lower tax benefit associated with incremental vesting of restricted stock awards in the first quarter 2023 as compared to the first quarter of 2022.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — SEGMENT INFORMATION

As discussed in Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we operate four reportable segments: Retail, National Programs, Wholesale Brokerage, and Services. On a segmented basis, changes in amortization, depreciation and interest expenses generally result from activity associated with acquisitions. Likewise, other revenues in each segment reflects net gains from miscellaneous income. As such, in evaluating the operational efficiency of a segment, management focuses on the Organic Revenue growth rate and EBITDAC Margin.

The reconciliation of commissions and fees included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income to Organic Revenue, a non-GAAP financial measure, and the growth rates for Organic Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023, including by segment, are as follows:

2023 |  | Retail (1) |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Total |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Commissions and fees |  | $ | 712.2 |  |  | $ | 595.9 |  |  | $ | 228.4 |  |  | $ | 162.1 |  |  | $ | 123.1 |  |  | $ | 102.7 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 1,108.0 |  |  | $ | 904.3 |
Total change |  | $ | 116.3 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 66.3 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 203.7 |  |  |  |
Total growth % |  |  | 19.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 40.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 19.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 22.5 | % |  |  |
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | (15.4 | ) |  |  | (17.9 | ) |  |  | (7.9 | ) |  |  | (8.0 | ) |  |  | (3.5 | ) |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26.8 | ) |  |  | (28.6 | )
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 696.8 |  |  | $ | 578.0 |  |  | $ | 220.5 |  |  | $ | 154.1 |  |  | $ | 119.6 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 1,081.2 |  |  | $ | 875.7 |
Acquisitions |  |  | (78.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (20.0 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (113.9 | ) |  |  | — |
Dispositions |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3.9 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15.6 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.7 | )
Organic Revenue (2) |  | $ | 618.2 |  |  | $ | 568.4 |  |  | $ | 200.5 |  |  | $ | 149.9 |  |  | $ | 104.3 |  |  | $ | 97.5 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 967.3 |  |  | $ | 859.4 |
Organic Revenue growth (2) |  | $ | 49.8 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 50.6 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.9 |  |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 8.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 33.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 7.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 12.6 | % |  |  |

(1) The Retail segment includes commissions and fees reported in the “Other” column of the Segment Information in Note 12 of this 10-Q of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which includes corporate and consolidation items.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

The reconciliation of commissions and fees included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income to Organic Revenue, a non-GAAP financial measure, and the growth rates for Organic Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, including by segment, are as follows:

2022 |  | Retail (1) |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Total |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Commissions and fees |  | $ | 595.9 |  |  | $ | 521.7 |  |  | $ | 162.1 |  |  | $ | 154.6 |  |  | $ | 102.7 |  |  | $ | 90.7 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 47.0 |  |  | $ | 904.3 |  |  | $ | 814.0 |
Total change |  | $ | 74.2 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.5 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12.0 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3.4 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | 90.3 |  |  |  |
Total growth % |  |  | 14.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 4.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | (7.2 | )% |  |  |  |  |  | 11.1 | % |  |  |
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | (17.9 | ) |  |  | (15.7 | ) |  |  | (8.0 | ) |  |  | (8.3 | ) |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (28.6 | ) |  |  | (25.9 | )
Core commissions and fees |  |  | 578.0 |  |  |  | 506.0 |  |  |  | 154.1 |  |  |  | 146.3 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 88.8 |  |  |  | 43.6 |  |  |  | 47.0 |  |  |  | 875.7 |  |  |  | 788.1 |
Acquisition revenues |  | $ | (28.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (29.3 | ) |  | $ | — |
Divested business |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.4 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.7 | )
Organic Revenue (2) |  | $ | 549.7 |  |  | $ | 504.6 |  |  | $ | 154.0 |  |  | $ | 145.1 |  |  | $ | 99.1 |  |  | $ | 88.8 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 46.5 |  |  | $ | 846.4 |  |  | $ | 785.0 |
Organic Revenue growth (2) |  | $ | 45.1 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10.3 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (2.9 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | 61.4 |  |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 8.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | (6.2 | )% |  |  |  |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  |

(1) The Retail segment includes commissions and fees reported in the “Other” column of the Segment Information in Note 12 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which includes corporate and consolidation items.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

31

The reconciliation of total revenues to Total Revenues - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, income before incomes taxes, included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income, to EBITDAC, a non-GAAP measure, and EBITDAC - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, and Income Before Income Taxes Margin to EBITDAC Margin, a non-GAAP measure, and EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, including by segment, is as follows:

(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 713.5 |  |  | $ | 229.8 |  |  | $ | 123.4 |  |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 1,116.0 |
Total Revenues - Adjusted(2) |  |  | 713.5 |  |  |  | 229.8 |  |  |  | 123.4 |  |  |  | 44.3 |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 1,116.0 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 210.2 |  |  |  | 73.3 |  |  |  | 31.2 |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  |  | (25.7 | ) |  |  | 294.2 |
Income Before Income Taxes Margin(1) |  |  | 29.5 | % |  |  | 31.9 | % |  |  | 25.3 | % |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 26.4 | %
Amortization |  |  | 27.4 |  |  |  | 10.0 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41.4 |
Depreciation |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 9.9 |
Interest |  |  | 21.8 |  |  |  | 9.8 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 12.0 |  |  |  | 46.7 |
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.3 | )
EBITDAC(2) |  |  | 261.0 |  |  |  | 95.9 |  |  |  | 37.9 |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  |  | (12.2 | ) |  |  | 389.9 |
EBITDAC Margin(2) |  |  | 36.6 | % |  |  | 41.7 | % |  |  | 30.7 | % |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 34.9 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5.7 | )
Acquisition/Integration Costs |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.0 |
1Q23 Nonrecurring Cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11.0 |  |  |  | 11.0 |
EBITDAC - Adjusted(2) |  | $ | 263.8 |  |  | $ | 90.3 |  |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | 398.2 |
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted(2) |  |  | 37.0 | % |  |  | 39.3 | % |  |  | 30.8 | % |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 35.7 | %

(1) “Income Before Income Taxes Margin” is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

The reconciliation of total revenues to Total Revenues - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, income before incomes taxes, included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income, to EBITDAC - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, and Income Before Income Taxes Margin to EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, including by segment, is as follows:

(in millions) |  | Retail |  |  | National Programs |  |  | Wholesale Brokerage |  |  | Services |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 596.4 |  |  | $ | 162.2 |  |  | $ | 102.9 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | $ | 904.7 |
Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.7 | )
Total Revenues - Adjusted(2) |  |  | 596.0 |  |  |  | 161.9 |  |  |  | 102.9 |  |  |  | 43.6 |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | 904.0 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 184.1 |  |  |  | 41.7 |  |  |  | 25.6 |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 265.0 |
Income Before Income Taxes Margin(1) |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  | 25.7 | % |  |  | 24.9 | % |  |  | 15.1 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 29.3 | %
Amortization |  |  | 21.1 |  |  |  | 6.7 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31.1 |
Depreciation |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 8.1 |
Interest |  |  | 23.6 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | (11.6 | ) |  |  | 18.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3.4 | )
EBITDAC(2) |  |  | 227.6 |  |  |  | 53.5 |  |  |  | 32.0 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | 319.1 |
EBITDAC Margin(2) |  |  | 38.2 | % |  |  | 33.0 | % |  |  | 31.1 | % |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 35.3 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
Acquisition/Integration Costs |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 4.4 |
Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
EBITDAC - Adjusted(2) |  | $ | 229.6 |  |  | $ | 53.7 |  |  | $ | 32.4 |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | 323.1 |
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted(2) |  |  | 38.5 | % |  |  | 33.2 | % |  |  | 31.5 | % |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | NMF |  |  |  | 35.7 | %

(1) “Income Before Income Taxes Margin” is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

32

Retail Segment

The Retail segment provides a broad range of insurance products and services to commercial, public and quasi-public, professional and individual insured customers, and non-insurance risk-mitigating products through our F&I businesses. Approximately 77.3% of the Retail segment’s commissions and fees revenue is commission based.

Financial information relating to our Retail segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 697.4 |  |  | $ | 578.4 |  |  |  | 20.6 | %
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | (14.0 | %)
Investment income |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  | NMF |
Other income, net |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | NMF |
Total revenues |  |  | 713.5 |  |  |  | 596.4 |  |  |  | 19.6 | %
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 353.6 |  |  |  | 288.1 |  |  |  | 22.7 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 98.9 |  |  |  | 80.9 |  |  |  | 22.2 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | NMF |
Amortization |  |  | 27.4 |  |  |  | 21.1 |  |  |  | 29.9 | %
Depreciation |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 72.0 | %
Interest |  |  | 21.8 |  |  |  | 23.6 |  |  |  | (7.6 | %)
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  | NMF |
Total expenses |  |  | 503.3 |  |  |  | 412.3 |  |  |  | 22.1 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 210.2 |  |  | $ | 184.1 |  |  |  | 14.2 | %
Income Before Income Taxes Margin (1) |  |  | 29.5 | % |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  |
EBITDAC - Adjusted (2) |  | $ | 263.8 |  |  | $ | 229.6 |  |  |  | 14.9 | %
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted (2) |  |  | 37.0 | % |  |  | 38.5 | % |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 8.8 | % |  |  | 8.9 | % |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits relative to total revenues |  |  | 49.6 | % |  |  | 48.3 | % |  |  |
Other operating expenses relative to total revenues |  |  | 13.9 | % |  |  | 13.6 | % |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  |  | 200.0 | %
Total assets at March 31, |  | $ | 7,605.3 |  |  | $ | 4,903.9 |  |  |  |

(1) "Income Before Income Taxes Margin" is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

The Retail segment’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 19.6%, or $117.1 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $713.5 million. The $119.0 million increase in core commissions and fees revenue was driven by: (i) approximately $78.6 million related to the core commissions and fees revenue from acquisitions that had no comparable revenues in the same period of 2022; (ii) an increase of $49.8 million related to net new and renewal business; (iii) an offsetting decrease from the impact of Foreign Currency Translation of ($0.4) million; and (iv) an offsetting decrease of $9.2 million related to commissions and fees recorded in 2022 from businesses since divested. Profit-sharing contingent commissions for the first quarter of 2023 decreased 14.0%, or $2.5 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $15.4 million. The Retail segment’s total commissions and fees increased by 20.6%, and the Organic Revenue growth rate was 8.8% for the first quarter of 2023. The Organic Revenue growth rate was driven by net new business written during the preceding 12 months and growth on renewals of existing customers. Renewal business was impacted by rate increases in most lines of business with continued increases in commercial auto, personal lines home and auto, commercial and condo property, partially offset by continued premium rate reductions in workers’ compensation.

Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 14.2%, or $26.1 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $210.2 million. The primary factors driving this increase were: (i) the profit associated with the net increase in revenue as described above, partially offset by (ii) amortization and depreciation expenses growing faster than total revenues.

33

EBITDAC - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 14.9%, or $34.2 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $263.8 million. EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased to 37.0% from 38.5% in the same period in 2022. The decrease in EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted was driven by: (i) increased variable operating expenses, which are largely travel and meeting related; (ii) the seasonality of profit associated with recent acquisitions and (iii) lower year-over-year profit-sharing contingent commissions.

34

National Programs Segment

The National Programs segment manages over 40 programs supported by approximately 100 well-capitalized carrier partners. In most cases, the insurance carriers that support these programs have delegated underwriting and, in many instances, claims-handling authority to our programs operations. These programs are generally distributed through a nationwide network of independent agents and Brown & Brown retail agents, and offer targeted products and services designed for specific industries, trade groups, professions, public entities and market niches. Businesses within this segment also operate our write-your-own flood insurance carrier, WNFIC and participate in two Captives. WNFIC’s underwriting business consists of policies written under and fully ceded to the NFIP and excess flood and private flood policies which are fully reinsured in the private market. The Captives provide additional underwriting capacity and allow us to participate in underwriting results. The Company has traditionally participated in underwriting profits through profit-sharing contingent commissions. These Captives give us another way to continue to participate in underwriting results while limiting exposure to claims expenses. The Captives focus on property insurance for earthquake and wind exposed properties underwritten by certain managing general agents. The Captives limit the Company's exposure to claims expenses either through reinsurance or by participating in limited tranches of the underwriting risk.

The National Programs segment operations can be grouped into five broad categories: Professional Programs, Personal Lines Programs, Commercial Programs, Public Entity-Related Programs and Specialty Programs. Approximately 76.1% of the National Programs segment’s commissions and fees revenue is commission based.

Financial information relating to our National Programs segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 220.5 |  |  | $ | 154.1 |  |  |  | 43.1 | %
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | 7.9 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | (1.3 | )%
Investment income |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | NMF |
Other income, net |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  | NMF |
Total revenues |  |  | 229.8 |  |  |  | 162.2 |  |  |  | 41.7 | %
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 88.1 |  |  |  | 73.4 |  |  |  | 20.0 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 51.4 |  |  |  | 35.3 |  |  |  | 45.6 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | NMF |
Amortization |  |  | 10.0 |  |  |  | 6.7 |  |  |  | 49.3 | %
Depreciation |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 7.1 | %
Interest |  |  | 9.8 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | NMF |
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | NMF |
Total expenses |  |  | 156.5 |  |  |  | 120.5 |  |  |  | 29.9 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 73.3 |  |  | $ | 41.7 |  |  |  | 75.8 | %
Income Before Income Taxes Margin (1) |  |  | 31.9 | % |  |  | 25.7 | % |  |  |
EBITDAC - Adjusted (2) |  | $ | 90.3 |  |  | $ | 53.7 |  |  |  | 68.2 | %
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted (2) |  |  | 39.3 | % |  |  | 33.2 | % |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 33.8 | % |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits relative to total revenues |  |  | 38.3 | % |  |  | 45.3 | % |  |  |
Other operating expenses relative to total revenues |  |  | 22.4 | % |  |  | 21.8 | % |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  |  | (12.5 | %)
Total assets at March 31, |  | $ | 3,675.2 |  |  | $ | 3,338.8 |  |  |  |

(1) "Income Before Income Taxes Margin" is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

The National Programs segment’s total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 41.7%, or $67.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $229.8 million. The $66.4 million increased in core commissions and fees revenue was driven by: (i) approximately $50.6 million of net new, renewal business, and fee revenues; (ii) $20.0 million from acquisitions that had no comparable revenues in the same period of 2022; (iii) an offsetting decrease from the impact of Foreign Currency Translation of $0.3 million; and (iv) an

35

offsetting decrease of $3.9 million related to commissions and fees revenue from business divested in the preceding 12 months. Profit-sharing contingent commissions for the first quarter of 2023 decreased approximately $0.1 million or 1.3% as compared to the first quarter of 2022.

The National Programs segment’s total commissions and fees increased by 43.1%, and the Organic Revenue growth rate was 33.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Organic Revenue growth was driven by strong new business and rate increases, good retention and modest exposure unit expansion, as well as claims revenue associated with Hurricane Ian.

Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 75.8%, or $31.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $73.3 million. Income before income taxes increased due to the drivers of EBITDAC described below.

EBITDAC - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 68.2%, or $36.6 million, from the same period in 2022, to $90.3 million. EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased to 39.3% from 33.2% in the same period in 2022. EBITDAC - Adjusted grew due to total revenue growth and leveraging our expense base.

Wholesale Brokerage Segment

The Wholesale Brokerage segment markets and sells excess and surplus commercial and personal lines insurance, primarily through independent agents and brokers, including Brown & Brown retail agents. Approximately 84.9% of the Wholesale Brokerage segment’s commissions and fees revenue is commission based.

Financial information relating to our Wholesale Brokerage segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 119.6 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  |  | 19.6 | %
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 29.6 | %
Investment income |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Other income, net |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — | %
Total revenues |  |  | 123.4 |  |  |  | 102.9 |  |  |  | 19.9 | %
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 67.3 |  |  |  | 55.1 |  |  |  | 22.1 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 18.2 |  |  |  | 15.8 |  |  |  | 15.2 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Amortization |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | 35.0 | %
Depreciation |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | — | %
Interest |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | (22.9 | )%
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 200.0 | %
Total expenses |  |  | 92.2 |  |  |  | 77.3 |  |  |  | 19.3 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 31.2 |  |  | $ | 25.6 |  |  |  | 21.9 | %
Income Before Income Taxes Margin (1) |  |  | 25.3 | % |  |  | 24.9 | % |  |  |
EBITDAC - Adjusted (2) |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 32.4 |  |  |  | 17.3 | %
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted (2) |  |  | 30.8 | % |  |  | 31.5 | % |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 7.0 | % |  |  | 11.6 | % |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits relative to total revenues |  |  | 54.5 | % |  |  | 53.5 | % |  |  |
Other operating expenses relative to total revenues |  |  | 14.7 | % |  |  | 15.4 | % |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  |  | — | %
Total assets at March 31, |  | $ | 1,440.7 |  |  | $ | 1,124.8 |  |  |  |

(1) "Income Before Income Taxes Margin" is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

The Wholesale Brokerage segment’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 19.9%, or $20.5 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $123.4 million. The $19.6 million net increase in core commissions and fees revenue was driven primarily by: (i) $6.8 million related to net new and renewal business; and (ii) $15.3 million related to the core commissions and fees revenue

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from acquisitions that had no comparable revenues in the same period of 2022; partially offset by (iii) a decrease of $2.5 million related to commissions and fees recorded in 2022 from a business since divested. Profit-sharing contingent commissions for the first quarter of 2023 increased $0.8 million compared to the first quarter of 2022. The Wholesale Brokerage segment’s growth rate for total commissions and fees was 19.6%, and the Organic Revenue growth rate was 7.0% for the first quarter of 2023. The Organic Revenue growth rate was driven by good new business and retention.

Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 21.9%, or $5.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $31.2 million. The increase was due to: (i) the drivers of EBITDAC - Adjusted described below; (ii) lower intercompany interest expense and; (iii) decreased acquisition/integration costs; partially offset by (iv) higher amortization expenses; and (v) an increase in the change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables.

EBITDAC - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 17.3%, or $5.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $38.0 million. EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased to 30.8% from 31.5%, as compared to the same period in 2022. EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted decreased due to: (i) increased salary and related costs from incremental hiring as well as salary inflation; partially offset by (ii) total revenue growth; and (iv) higher profit-sharing contingent commissions.

Services Segment

The Services segment provides insurance-related services, including third-party claims administration and comprehensive medical utilization management services in both the workers’ compensation and all-lines liability arenas. The Services segment also provides Medicare Set-aside account services, Social Security disability and Medicare benefits advocacy services, and claims adjusting services.

Unlike the other segments, nearly all of the Services segment’s revenue is generated from fees, which are not significantly affected by fluctuations in general insurance premiums.

Financial information relating to our Services segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
(in millions, except percentages) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core commissions and fees |  | $ | 44.3 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  |  | 1.6 | %
Profit-sharing contingent commissions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Investment income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Other income, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Total revenues |  |  | 44.3 |  |  |  | 43.6 |  |  |  | 1.6 | %
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  | 24.4 |  |  |  | 22.6 |  |  |  | 8.0 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 12.6 |  |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | 4.1 | %
(Gain)/loss on disposal |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Amortization |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | — | %
Depreciation |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | — | %
Interest |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | (33.3 | )%
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %
Total expenses |  |  | 39.1 |  |  |  | 37.0 |  |  |  | 5.7 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  |  | (21.2 | %)
Income Before Income Taxes Margin (1) |  |  | 11.7 | % |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  |
EBITDAC - Adjusted (2) |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  |  | (18.0 | %)
EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted (2) |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  |
Organic Revenue growth rate (2) |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  | (6.2 | )% |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits relative to total revenues |  |  | 55.1 | % |  |  | 51.8 | % |  |  |
Other operating expenses relative to total revenues |  |  | 28.4 | % |  |  | 27.8 | % |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  |  | 50.0 | %
Total assets at March 31, |  | $ | 285.0 |  |  | $ | 290.5 |  |  |  |

(1) "Income Before Income Taxes Margin" is defined as income before income taxes divided by total revenues.

(2) A non-GAAP financial measure.

NMF = Not a meaningful figure

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The Services segment’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 1.6%, or $0.7 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $44.3 million. The Services segment’s Organic Revenue increased 1.6% for the first quarter of 2023 driven primarily by higher claims from winter storms as compared to the prior year.

Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 21.2%, or $1.4 million, as compared to the same period in 2022, to $5.2 million. Income before income taxes decreased due to the drivers of EBITDAC - Adjusted described below.

EBITDAC - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 18.0%, or $1.6 million, from the same period in 2022, to $7.3 million. EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased to 16.5% from 20.4% in the same period in 2022. The decrease in EBITDAC and EBITDAC Margin was driven primarily by the reduction in revenue, higher salary and related costs along with certain one-time expenses.

Other

As discussed in Note 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the “Other” column in the Segment Information table includes any revenue and expenses not allocated to reportable segments, and corporate-related items, including the intercompany interest expense charges to reporting segments.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company seeks to maintain a conservative balance sheet and strong liquidity profile. Our capital requirements to operate as an insurance intermediary are low and we have been able to grow and invest in our business principally through cash that has been generated from operations. We have the ability to utilize our Revolving Credit Facility, which as of March 31, 2023 provided up to $800.0 million in available cash. We believe that we have access to additional funds, if needed, through the capital markets or private placements to obtain further debt financing under the current market conditions. The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investment portfolio and funds generated from operations, together with the funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to satisfy our normal liquidity needs, including principal payments on our long-term debt, for at least the next 12 months and thereafter.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains an expansion option for up to an additional $500.0 million of borrowing capacity, subject to the approval of participating lenders. In addition, under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the unsecured term loan in the initial amount of $300.0 million may be increased by up to $150.0 million, subject to the approval of participating lenders. On March 31, 2022, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement") which provided term loan capacity of $800.0 million. Additionally, the Company may, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including receipt of additional term loan commitments by new or existing lenders, increase either Term Loan Commitment under the existing Loan Agreement or the term loans issued thereunder or issue new tranches of term loans in an aggregate additional amount of up to $400.0 million. Including the expansion options under all existing credit agreements, the Company has access to up to $1.9 billion of incremental borrowing capacity as of March 31, 2023.

Contractual Cash Obligations

As of March 31, 2023, our contractual cash obligations were as follows:

|  | Payments Due by Period |
(in millions) |  | Total |  |  | Less than 1 year |  |  | 1-3 years |  |  | 4-5 years |  |  | After 5 years |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 3,958.8 |  |  | $ | 246.3 |  |  | $ | 950.0 |  |  | $ | 512.5 |  |  | $ | 2,250.0 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 168.8 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 18.8 |  |  |  | 15.3 |  |  |  | 130.3 |
Operating leases (1) |  |  | 267.3 |  |  |  | 52.4 |  |  |  | 94.1 |  |  |  | 59.2 |  |  |  | 61.6 |
Interest obligations |  |  | 1,541.8 |  |  |  | 181.3 |  |  |  | 282.2 |  |  |  | 202.7 |  |  |  | 875.6 |
Maximum future acquisition contingency payments (2) |  |  | 535.9 |  |  |  | 289.5 |  |  |  | 240.2 |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  | — |
Total contractual cash obligations (3) |  | $ | 6,472.6 |  |  | $ | 773.9 |  |  | $ | 1,585.3 |  |  | $ | 795.9 |  |  | $ | 3,317.5 |

(1)
Includes $6.6 million of future lease commitments expected to commence later in 2023.
(2)
Includes $254.2 million of current and non-current estimated acquisition earn-out payables. Earn-out payables for acquisitions not denominated in U.S. dollars are measured at the current foreign exchange rate. Four of the estimated acquisition earn-out payables assumed in connection with the acquisition of GRP included provisions with no maximum potential earn-out amount. The amount recorded for these acquisitions as of March 31, 2023 is $3.6 million. The Company deems a significant increase to this amount to be unlikely.
(3)
Does not include approximately $32.6 million of current liability for a dividend of $0.1150 per share approved by the Board of Directors on April 24, 2023.

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Debt

Total debt at March 31, 2023 was $3,926.3 million net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, which was a decrease of $15.8 million compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease includes: the scheduled principal payments related to our various existing floating-rate debt term notes in total of $16.9 million; offset by the amortization of discounted debt related to our various unsecured Senior Notes, and debt issuance cost amortization of $1.0 million

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repaid $3.1 million of principal related to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement term loan through the quarterly scheduled principal payments. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement term loan had an outstanding balance of $231.3 million as of March 31, 2023. The Company's next scheduled principal payment is due June 30, 2023 and is equal to $3.1 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repaid $7.5 million of principal related to the Term Loan Credit Agreement through quarterly scheduled principal payments. The Term Loan Credit Agreement had an outstanding balance of $202.5 million as of March 31, 2023. The Company’s next scheduled principal payment is due June 30, 2023 and is equal to $7.5 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repaid $6.3 million of principal related to the Term Loans issued under the Term A-2 Loan Commitment (“Term A-2 Loans”) through quarterly scheduled principal payments. The Term A-2 Loans had an outstanding balance of $475.0 million as of March 31, 2023. The Company’s next scheduled principal payment is due June 30, 2023 and is equal to $6.3 million.

On October 27, 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A., Truist Bank and BMO Harris Bank N.A. as co-syndication agents, and U.S. Bank National Association, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, PNC Bank, National Association, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. and Citizens Bank, N.A. as co-documentation agents. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the credit agreement dated April 17, 2014, among certain of such parties, as amended by that certain amended and restated credit agreement dated June 28, 2017 (the “Original Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among other certain terms, extended the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility of $800.0 million and unsecured term loans associated with the agreement of $250.0 million to October 27, 2026. At the time of the renewal, the Company added an additional $2.7 million in debt issuance costs related to the transaction. The Company carried forward $0.6 million of existing debt issuance costs related to the previous credit facility agreements while expensing $0.1 million in debt issuance costs due to certain lenders exiting the renewed facility agreement. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No.1 ("Amendment") of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which provided that the overnight London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) should be replaced with a successor rate. The amendment also included additional terms and conditions for the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans and Risk-free
Reference Rate ("RFR") loans.

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualita tive Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and equity prices. We are exposed to market risk through our investments, revolving credit line, term loan agreements and international operations.

Our invested assets are held primarily as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, available-for-sale marketable debt securities, non-marketable debt securities, certificates of deposit, U.S. treasury securities, and professionally managed short duration fixed income funds. These investments are subject to interest rate risk. The fair value of our invested assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 approximated their respective carrying values due to their short-term duration and therefore, such market risk is not considered to be material.

We do not actively invest or trade in equity securities. In addition, we generally dispose of any significant equity securities received in conjunction with an acquisition shortly after the acquisition date.

As of March 31, 2023, we had $1,006.3 million outstanding under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the Loan Agreement tied to the SOFR and $202.5 million of borrowings outstanding under Term Loan Credit Agreement tied to the overnight LIBOR. These aforementioned notes bear interest on a floating basis and are therefore subject to changes in the associated interest expense. The effect of an immediate hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. As of July 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) has urged banks and institutions to discontinue their use of the LIBOR benchmark rate for floating-rate debt, and other financial instruments tied to the rate after 2021. However, on November 30, 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (“IBA”), announced that it would consult in early December 2020 on its intention to cease the publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on December 31, 2021, and the remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings (overnight and one, three, six and 12 months) immediately following the LIBOR publication on June 30, 2023. In connection to the released statement from the IBA, on December 4, 2020, the FCA released a similar statement in support of the continuation of the LIBOR rate beyond 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has recommended the SOFR as the best alternative rate to LIBOR post discontinuance and has proposed a transition plan and timeline designed to encourage the adoption of SOFR from LIBOR. Post consultation on March 5, 2021, IBA confirmed its proposed dates to stop publishing the London interbank offered rate for dollars ("USD LIBOR") on a representative basis.

When the Company entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement on October 27, 2021, it included provisions regarding transition from LIBOR to SOFR in preparation of the LIBOR cessation. As of February 10, 2023 we enacted the provision from LIBOR to SOFR as the benchmark rate for any outstanding loans under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On March 31, 2022, the Company entered into the Loan Agreement which bears interest tied to the annual rate for the adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR"). The Company does not have any other outstanding debt with LIBOR as the associated reference rate that requires conversion to SOFR or another reference rate.

The majority of our international operations do not have material transactions in currencies other than their functional currency which would expose the Company to transactional currency rate risk. We are subject to translational exchange rate risk having businesses operating outside of the U.S. in the following functional currencies, British pounds, Canadian dollar, and euros. Based upon our foreign currency rate exposure as of March 31, 2023, an immediate 10% hypothetical change of foreign currency exchange rates would not have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation (the “Evaluation”) required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act (“Disclosure Controls”) as of March 31, 2023. Based upon the Evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our senior management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Controls

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the Evaluation that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls and internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of

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controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.

The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

CEO and CFO Certifications

Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 are the Certifications of the CEO and the CFO, respectively. The Certifications are supplied in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Section 302 Certifications”). This Item 4 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains the information concerning the evaluation referred to in the Section 302 Certifications and this information should be read in conjunction with the Section 302 Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

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PART II

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

In Item 3 of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, certain information concerning litigation claims arising in the ordinary course of business was disclosed. Such information was current as of the date of filing. During the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, no new legal proceedings, or material developments with respect to existing legal proceedings, occurred which require disclosure in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. Ri sk Factors

There were no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information about our repurchase of shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

|  | Total number of shares purchased (1) |  |  | Average price paid per share |  |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  |  | Maximum value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2) |
January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023 |  |  | 32,435 |  |  | $ | 57.19 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 249.6 |
February 1, 2023 to February 28, 2023 |  |  | 608,318 |  |  |  | 56.49 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 249.6 |
March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,100 |  |  |  | 249.5 |
Total |  |  | 642,853 |  |  | $ | 56.52 |  |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | $ | 249.5 |

(1)
Of the shares reported in this column, 1,200 shares were purchased in open market transactions at a total cost of $113,059. All other shares reported in this column are attributable to shares withheld for taxes in connection with vesting of restricted shares awarded under our Performance Stock Plan, our 2010 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2)
On July 18, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of the Company's shares of common stock, and on July 20, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $400.0 million of the Company's shares of common stock. On May 1, 2019, the Board of Directors approved an additional repurchase authorization amount of $372.5 million to bring the total available share repurchase authorization to approximately $500.0 million. After completing these open market repurchases, the Company’s outstanding Board approved share repurchase authorization is approximately $249.5 million. Between January 1, 2014 and March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of approximately 19.7 million shares for an aggregate cost of approximately $748.1 million.
(3)
Dollar values stated in millions.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this Report:

3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (adopted January 18, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2023).
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2023).
10.1* |  | Amendment No. 1, dated as of February 10, 2023, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2021, among the Registrant, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and the lenders named therein.
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant.
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant.
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification by the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant.
101 |  | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in inline XBRL, include: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith

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SIGN ATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | BROWN & BROWN, INC.
|  | /s/ R. Andrew Watts
Date: April 27, 2023 |  | R. Andrew Watts
|  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|  | (duly authorized officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

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