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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 14. Income Taxes
For interim periods, we follow the general recognition approach whereby tax expense is recognized using an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is applied to the year-to-date operating results. Additionally, we recognize tax expense or benefit for any discrete items occurring within the interim period that were excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year due to impacts from the following items: (i) changes in forecasted pre-tax and taxable income or loss, (ii) changes in statutory law or regulations in jurisdictions where we operate, (iii) audits or settlements with taxing authorities, (iv) the tax impact of expanded product offerings or business acquisitions, and (v) changes in valuation allowance assumptions.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax benefit of $244 and $3,661, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded income tax benefit (expense) of $242 and $(629), respectively. Income taxes were primarily attributable to tax expense associated with the profitability of SoFi Bank in state jurisdictions where separate filings are required. For the three and nine month 2023 periods, this expense was more than offset by income tax benefits from foreign losses in jurisdictions with net deferred tax liabilities related to Technisys.
There were no material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and we do not expect any other significant increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets in applicable jurisdictions. In certain foreign and state jurisdictions where sufficient deferred tax liabilities exist, no valuation allowance is recognized. We will continue to recognize a full valuation allowance until there is sufficient positive evidence to support its release.