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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies Business We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL service and value-added services from a single integrated organization. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer our customers a broad range of value-added services including ground and air expedited transportation, container delivery, truckload brokerage, supply chain consulting, warehousing and consumer household pickup and delivery services. We also offer worldwide freight forwarding services. We have one operating segment and no single customer exceeds 10% of our revenue. Basis of Presentation The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. Revenue and Expense Recognition We recognize revenue based upon when our transportation services have been completed in accordance with the bill of lading contract, our general tariff provisions or contractual agreements with our customers. Generally, this occurs when we complete the delivery of a shipment. For transportation services not completed at the end of a reporting period, we use a percentage of completion method to allocate the appropriate revenue to each separate reporting period. Under this method, we develop a factor for each uncompleted shipment by dividing the actual number of days in transit at the end of a reporting period by that shipment’s standard delivery time schedule. This factor is applied to the total revenue for that shipment and revenue is allocated between reporting periods accordingly. Expenses are recognized when incurred. Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts and Revenue Adjustments We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate this allowance by analyzing the aging of our customer receivables, our historical loss experience and other trends and factors affecting the credit risk of our customers. Write-offs occur when we determine an account to be uncollectible and could differ from our allowance estimate as a result of factors such as changes in the overall economic environment or risks surrounding our customers. Additional allowances may be required if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. We periodically review the underlying assumptions in our estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts to ensure that the allowance reflects the most recent trends and factors. We also maintain an allowance for estimated revenue adjustments resulting from future billing corrections, customer allowances, money-back service guarantees and other miscellaneous revenue adjustments. These revenue adjustments are recorded in our revenue from operations. We use historical experience, trends and current information to update and evaluate these estimates. Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of customer receivables. We perform initial and ongoing credit evaluations of our customers to minimize credit risk. We generally do not require collateral but may require prepayment of our services under certain circumstances. Credit risk is generally diversified due to the large number of entities comprising our customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographic regions. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider cash on hand and deposits in banks along with certificates of deposit and short-term marketable securities with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred. We capitalize the cost of tires mounted on purchased revenue equipment as a part of the total equipment cost. Subsequent replacement tires are expensed at the time those tires are placed in service. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The following table provides the estimated useful lives by asset type:
Structures |  | 7 to 30 years
Revenue equipment |  | 4 to 15 years
Other equipment |  | 2 to 20 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Lesser of economic life or life of lease
Depreciation expense, which includes the amortization of capital leases, was $109.8 million, $89.9 million and $79.4 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During the first quarter of 2010, we completed an evaluation of the estimated useful lives and salvage values for our equipment and determined that the actual period of service of certain revenue equipment exceeded that of our previously estimated useful lives. As a result, we extended the estimated useful lives of most of our tractors to 9 years from 7 years and extended the estimated useful lives of our trailers to 15 years from 12. In addition, we reduced the estimated salvage values associated with this equipment to more accurately reflect the value we believe such equipment will have at the end of its respective useful lives. We made similar changes to the estimated useful lives and salvage values for certain of our other equipment but the results of these changes had less of an impact on our future depreciation expense. As a result of the impact on depreciation from these changes that were effective January 1, 2010, income from continuing operations and net income in 2010 increased by approximately $12.7 million and $7.7 million, respectively. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Intangible assets have been acquired in connection with business combinations and are comprised of goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill is calculated as the excess cost over the fair value of assets acquired and is not subject to amortization. We review our goodwill balance annually for impairment, unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments. During the fourth quarter of 2011, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment, which permits an initial assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. This initial assessment provides a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350. In the fourth quarter of 2012, we performed the qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit would be greater than its carrying amount. Therefore, we determined it was not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Furthermore, there has been no historical impairment of our goodwill. Other intangible assets include the value of acquired customer lists and related non-compete agreements and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, none of which exceeds ten years. The gross carrying amount of our other intangible assets totaled $8.1 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. Accumulated amortization for these assets was $5.7 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The net carrying amounts of our other intangible assets are included in “Other assets” on our Balance Sheets. Amortization expense was $0.9 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010. Annual amortization expense for the next five years for these intangible assets is estimated to be:
(In thousands) |
2013 | $ | 712 |
2014 | $ | 695 |
2015 | $ | 495 |
2016 | $ | 315 |
2017 | $ | 210 |
Long-Lived Assets We assess the realizable value of our long-lived assets and evaluate such assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Claims and Insurance Accruals At December 31, 2012, we maintained a self-insured retention ("SIR") of $2.75 million per occurrence for bodily injury and property damage ("BIPD") claims; a deductible of $100,000 per claim for cargo loss and damage; and deductible of $1.0 million per occurrence for workers' compensation claims. We also had an SIR of $400,000 per occurrence (with a $200,000 aggregate over our retention level) for group health claims. We fully self-insured long-term disability claims to a maximum of $3,000 per month for our salaried and non-salaried employees until April 2, 2010 and July 1, 2011, respectively. We subsequently began to offer elective long-term disability coverage to our employees and, therefore, we have no liability for new long-term disability claims after those dates. Claims and insurance accruals reflect the estimated cost of claims for cargo loss and damage, BIPD, workers' compensation, long-term disability, group health and group dental not covered by insurance. These accruals include amounts for future claims development and claims incurred but not reported, which are primarily based on historical claims development experience. The related costs for cargo loss and damage and BIPD are charged to insurance and claims expense, while the related costs for workers' compensation, long-term disability, group health and dental are charged to employee benefits expense. Our liability for claims and insurance totaled $93.5 million and $86.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The long-term portions of those reserves were $59.5 million and $50.1 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively, which were included in “Other non-current liabilities” on our Balance Sheets. Advertising The costs of advertising our services are expensed as incurred and are included in “General supplies and expenses” on our Statements of Operations. Advertising costs charged to expense totaled $11.0 million, $8.3 million and $6.3 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Common Stock Split On August 13, 2012, we announced a three-for-two common stock split for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date, August 24, 2012. On September 7, 2012, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of our common stock on the record date. On August 2, 2010, we announced a three-for-two common stock split for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date, August 9, 2010. On August 23, 2010, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the common stock on the record date. All references in this report to shares outstanding, weighted average shares outstanding and earnings per share amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect these stock splits. Fair Values of Financial Instruments The carrying values of financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, customer and other receivables and trade payables, approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of our long-term debt was $240.4 million and $269.2 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt was $247.9 million and $276.6 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using market interest rates for similar issuances of private debt. Since this methodology is based upon indicative market interest rates, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). The fair value of our other long-term debt approximates carrying value. Comprehensive Income The Company has no components of other comprehensive income. Accordingly, net income equals comprehensive income for all periods presented in this report. Earnings Per Share Earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. There were no potentially dilutive shares outstanding at the end of each period presented in this report.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 + Details
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