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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities | The significant components of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:
| December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2018
Deferred Tax Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities and other adjustments | $ | 38,931 |  |  | $ | 54,506 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 105,026 |  |  | 92,952 |
Federal benefit of unrecognized tax benefits | 3,051 |  |  | 2,925 |
Valuation allowance | (61,756 | ) |  | (55,666 | )
| 85,252 |  |  | 94,717 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Other assets, principally due to differences in amortization | (168,028 | ) |  | (166,469 | )
Plant and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation | (61,530 | ) |  | (74,147 | )
Other(1) | — |  |  | (26,260 | )
| (229,558 | ) |  | (266,876 | )
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (144,306 | ) |  | $ | (172,159 | )
______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | Other consists primarily of withholding taxes on the earnings of foreign qualified REIT subsidiaries, capital lease obligations and an accounting method change for certain tangible assets acquired as part of the IODC Transaction. At December 31, 2017, the comparable amount of approximately $12,800 was presented as a reduction to accrued liabilities and other adjustments in the table above.
Schedule of current and noncurrent deferred tax assets (liabilities) | The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:
| December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2018
Noncurrent deferred tax assets (Included in Other, a component of Other Assets, net) | $ | 11,422 |  |  | $ | 11,677 |
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities | (155,728 | ) |  | (183,836 | )
Roll forward of Valuation allowance | Rollforward of the valuation allowance is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, |  | Balance at Beginning of the Year |  | Charged (Credited) to Expense |  | Other Increases/(Decreases)(1) |  | Balance at End of the Year
2016 |  | $ | 60,009 |  |  | $ | 7,660 |  |  | $ | 3,690 |  |  | $ | 71,359 |
2017 |  | 71,359 |  |  | (4,317 | ) |  | (5,286 | ) |  | 61,756 |
2018 |  | 61,756 |  |  | 3,568 |  |  | (9,658 | ) |  | 55,666 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | Other increases and decreases in valuation allowances are primarily related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and disposal of certain foreign subsidiaries.
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes | The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate are:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018
United States | $ | 106,223 |  |  | $ | 161,198 |  |  | $ | 201,730 |
Canada | 28,157 |  |  | 50,019 |  |  | 53,779 |
Other Foreign | 12,264 |  |  | 4,888 |  |  | 102,402 |
| $ | 146,644 |  |  | $ | 216,105 |  |  | $ | 357,911 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following components:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018
Federal—current | $ | 52,944 |  |  | $ | 16,345 |  |  | $ | 703 |
Federal—deferred | (28,127 | ) |  | (12,655 | ) |  | (4,675 | )
State—current | 6,096 |  |  | 3,440 |  |  | 918 |
State—deferred | (1,479 | ) |  | (1,276 | ) |  | 627 |
Foreign—current | 36,272 |  |  | 42,532 |  |  | 45,371 |
Foreign—deferred | (20,762 | ) |  | (22,439 | ) |  | (6,681 | )
| $ | 44,944 |  |  | $ | 25,947 |  |  | $ | 36,263 |
Reconciliation of total income tax expense and amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate | A reconciliation of total income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the former federal statutory tax rate of 35.0% to income from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 and the current federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% to income from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018
Computed "expected" tax provision | $ | 51,325 |  |  | $ | 75,637 |  |  | $ | 75,161 |
Changes in income taxes resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax adjustment relating to REIT | (18,526 | ) |  | (78,873 | ) |  | (35,165 | )
Deferred tax adjustment and other taxes due to REIT conversion | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State taxes (net of federal tax benefit) | 3,796 |  |  | 2,692 |  |  | 1,599 |
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance (net operating losses) | 7,660 |  |  | (4,317 | ) |  | 3,568 |
Foreign repatriation | 510 |  |  | 29,476 |  |  | — |
U.S. Federal Rate Reduction | — |  |  | (4,685 | ) |  | — |
Reserve (reversal) accrual and audit settlements (net of federal tax benefit) | 1,898 |  |  | (9,103 | ) |  | (13,985 | )
Foreign tax rate differential | (13,328 | ) |  | (11,949 | ) |  | 5,545 |
Disallowed foreign interest, Subpart F income, and other foreign taxes | 7,773 |  |  | 29,325 |  |  | 903 |
Other, net | 3,589 |  |  | (2,256 | ) |  | (1,363 | )
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes | $ | 44,944 |  |  | $ | 25,947 |  |  | $ | 36,263 |
Tax years subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions | A summary of tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions is as follows:
Tax Years |  | Tax Jurisdiction
See Below |  | United States—Federal and State
2012 to present |  | Canada
2015 to present |  | United Kingdom
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits | A rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2015 | $ | 47,685 |
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 3,704 |
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years | 12,207 |
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years | (1,740 | )
Lapses of statutes | (2,390 | )
Settlements | — |
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2016 | $ | 59,466 |
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 4,067 |
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years | 3,368 |
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years(1) | (2,789 | )
Lapses of statutes | (2,629 | )
Settlements | (22,950 | )
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2017 | $ | 38,533 |
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 3,147 |
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years | 981 |
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years | (2,865 | )
Lapses of statutes | (4,462 | )
Settlements | (14 | )
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2018 | $ | 35,320 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | This amount includes gross additions related to the Recall Transaction.

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