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Segment Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Information | During the fourth quarter of 2018, as a result of changes in the management of our Information Governance and Digital Solutions business in Sweden, we reassessed the composition of our reportable operating segments. As a result of this reassessment, we determined that this business is now being managed as a component of our Other International Business segment rather than as a component of our Western European Business segment. As result of this change, previously reported segment information has been restated to conform to the current presentation. The remainder of our business in Sweden, excluding the Information Governance and Digital Solutions, has previously been managed and reported as a component of our Other International Business segment. As of December 31, 2018, our six reportable operating segments are described as follows:
• | North American Records and Information Management Business—provides (i) records and information management storage and related services, including the storage of physical records, including media such as microfilm and microfiche, film, X-rays and blueprints, including healthcare information services, vital records services, service and courier operations, and the collection, handling and disposal of sensitive documents for customers (“Records Management”), throughout the United States and Canada; (ii) certain services related to Records Management, including secure shredding operations, which typically include the scheduled pick-up of loose office records that customers accumulate in specially designed secure containers we provide; and (iii) Information Governance and Digital Solutions, which develops, implements and supports comprehensive storage and information management solutions for the complete lifecycle of our customers' information, including the management of physical records, document conversion and digital storage in the United States and Canada.
• | North American Data Management Business—provides storage and rotation of backup computer media as part of corporate disaster recovery plans, including service and courier operations (“Data Protection & Recovery”); server and computer backup services; and related services offerings including our Iron Mountain Iron Cloud solution.
• | Western European Business—provides records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions, throughout Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (consisting of our operations in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland).
• | Other International Business—provides records and information management services throughout the remaining European countries in which we operate, as well as the countries in which we operate in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions. Our European operations included in this segment provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions, throughout Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Turkey and Records Management and Information Governance and Digital Solutions in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden. Our Latin America operations provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery, destruction services and Information Governance and Digital Solutions, throughout Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Our Asia operations provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery, destruction services and Information Governance and Digital Solutions, throughout Australia and New Zealand, with Records Management and Data Protection & Recovery also provided in certain markets in China-Mainland, China -Taiwan, China-Macau S.A.R., China-Hong Kong S.A.R., India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates. Our African operations provide Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery, and Information Governance and Digital Solutions in South Africa.
• | Global Data Center Business—provides enterprise-class data center facilities to protect mission-critical assets and ensure the continued operation of our customers’ IT infrastructure, with secure and reliable colocation and wholesale options. As of December 31, 2018, we had data center operations in eight markets in the United States: Denver, Colorado; Kansas City, Missouri; Boston, Massachusetts; Boyers, Pennsylvania; Manassas, Virginia; Edison, New Jersey; Columbus, Ohio; and Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona and three international markets: Amsterdam, London, and Singapore.
• | Corporate and Other Business—primarily consists of the storage, safeguarding and electronic or physical delivery of physical media of all types and digital content repository systems to house, distribute, and archive key media assets, primarily for entertainment and media industry clients ("Entertainment Services"), throughout the United States, Canada, France, China-Hong Kong S.A.R., the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and our fine art storage businesses and consumer storage businesses in the United States, Canada, Europe and China - Hong Kong S.A.R. These businesses represent the primary product offerings of our Adjacent Businesses operating segment. Additionally, our Corporate and Other Business segment includes costs related to executive and staff functions, including finance, human resources and IT, which benefit the enterprise as a whole. These costs are primarily related to the general management of these functions on a corporate level and the design and development of programs, policies and procedures that are then implemented in the individual segments, with each segment bearing its own cost of implementation. Our Corporate and Other Business segment also includes stock-based employee compensation expense associated with all Employee Stock-Based Awards.
An analysis of our business segment information and reconciliation to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows:
|  | North American Records and Information Management Business |  | North American Data Management Business |  | Western European Business |  | Other International Business |  | Global Data Center Business |  | Corporate and Other Business |  | Total Consolidated
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 1,930,699 |  |  | $ | 392,814 |  |  | $ | 447,357 |  |  | $ | 659,370 |  |  | $ | 24,249 |  |  | $ | 56,964 |  |  | $ | 3,511,453 |
Storage Rental |  | 1,150,646 |  |  | 264,148 |  |  | 275,659 |  |  | 393,005 |  |  | 22,026 |  |  | 37,421 |  |  | 2,142,905 |
Service |  | 780,053 |  |  | 128,666 |  |  | 171,698 |  |  | 266,365 |  |  | 2,223 |  |  | 19,543 |  |  | 1,368,548 |
Depreciation and Amortization |  | 215,330 |  |  | 26,629 |  |  | 55,427 |  |  | 100,645 |  |  | 4,827 |  |  | 49,468 |  |  | 452,326 |
Depreciation |  | 186,467 |  |  | 20,666 |  |  | 42,458 |  |  | 67,465 |  |  | 4,610 |  |  | 43,860 |  |  | 365,526 |
Amortization |  | 28,863 |  |  | 5,963 |  |  | 12,969 |  |  | 33,180 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 5,608 |  |  | 86,800 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 775,717 |  |  | 224,522 |  |  | 136,985 |  |  | 169,563 |  |  | 6,212 |  |  | (225,711 | ) |  | 1,087,288 |
Total Assets(1) |  | 4,996,216 |  |  | 826,320 |  |  | 1,020,439 |  |  | 2,114,599 |  |  | 167,757 |  |  | 361,469 |  |  | 9,486,800 |
Expenditures for Segment Assets |  | 145,636 |  |  | 26,054 |  |  | 31,251 |  |  | 365,845 |  |  | 70,060 |  |  | 32,488 |  |  | 671,334 |
Capital Expenditures |  | 111,062 |  |  | 22,731 |  |  | 30,735 |  |  | 62,594 |  |  | 70,060 |  |  | 31,421 |  |  | 328,603 |
Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of Cash Acquired(2) |  | (2,591 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | (6,878 | ) |  | 300,451 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 291,965 |
Acquisitions of Customer Relationships and Customer Inducements |  | 37,165 |  |  | 3,382 |  |  | 7,394 |  |  | 2,800 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 50,766 |
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenues |  | 2,050,346 |  |  | 401,640 |  |  | 490,746 |  |  | 795,851 |  |  | 37,694 |  |  | 69,301 |  |  | 3,845,578 |
Storage Rental |  | 1,221,495 |  |  | 276,416 |  |  | 303,205 |  |  | 493,118 |  |  | 35,839 |  |  | 47,484 |  |  | 2,377,557 |
Service |  | 828,851 |  |  | 125,224 |  |  | 187,541 |  |  | 302,733 |  |  | 1,855 |  |  | 21,817 |  |  | 1,468,021 |
Depreciation and Amortization |  | 240,524 |  |  | 34,759 |  |  | 64,051 |  |  | 119,402 |  |  | 10,224 |  |  | 53,416 |  |  | 522,376 |
Depreciation |  | 201,204 |  |  | 24,623 |  |  | 47,526 |  |  | 78,664 |  |  | 8,617 |  |  | 45,649 |  |  | 406,283 |
Amortization |  | 39,320 |  |  | 10,136 |  |  | 16,525 |  |  | 40,738 |  |  | 1,607 |  |  | 7,767 |  |  | 116,093 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 884,158 |  |  | 223,324 |  |  | 159,142 |  |  | 227,312 |  |  | 11,275 |  |  | (245,015 | ) |  | 1,260,196 |
Total Assets(1) |  | 5,050,240 |  |  | 839,539 |  |  | 911,012 |  |  | 2,401,579 |  |  | 382,198 |  |  | 1,387,834 |  |  | 10,972,402 |
Expenditures for Segment Assets |  | 205,531 |  |  | 31,279 |  |  | 21,853 |  |  | 166,057 |  |  | 86,543 |  |  | 126,758 |  |  | 638,021 |
Capital Expenditures |  | 134,785 |  |  | 31,279 |  |  | 19,782 |  |  | 76,720 |  |  | 32,015 |  |  | 48,550 |  |  | 343,131 |
Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of Cash Acquired |  | 6,624 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80,345 |  |  | 54,528 |  |  | 78,208 |  |  | 219,705 |
Acquisitions of Customer Relationships and Customer Inducements |  | 64,122 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,071 |  |  | 8,992 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,185 |
|  | North American Records and Information Management Business |  | North American Data Management Business |  | Western European Business |  | Other International Business |  | Global Data Center Business |  | Corporate and Other Business |  | Total Consolidated
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 2,137,781 |  |  | $ | 393,993 |  |  | $ | 521,555 |  |  | $ | 821,333 |  |  | $ | 228,983 |  |  | $ | 122,116 |  |  | $ | 4,225,761 |
Storage Rental |  | 1,222,230 |  |  | 273,193 |  |  | 325,624 |  |  | 512,358 |  |  | 218,675 |  |  | 70,375 |  |  | 2,622,455 |
Service |  | 915,551 |  |  | 120,800 |  |  | 195,931 |  |  | 308,975 |  |  | 10,308 |  |  | 51,741 |  |  | 1,603,306 |
Depreciation and Amortization |  | 243,415 |  |  | 38,850 |  |  | 64,795 |  |  | 125,154 |  |  | 105,680 |  |  | 61,620 |  |  | 639,514 |
Depreciation |  | 190,493 |  |  | 30,066 |  |  | 45,590 |  |  | 75,294 |  |  | 58,707 |  |  | 52,590 |  |  | 452,740 |
Amortization |  | 52,922 |  |  | 8,784 |  |  | 19,205 |  |  | 49,860 |  |  | 46,973 |  |  | 9,030 |  |  | 186,774 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 956,890 |  |  | 213,893 |  |  | 180,172 |  |  | 243,008 |  |  | 99,574 |  |  | (257,668 | ) |  | 1,435,869 |
Total Assets(1) |  | 4,933,269 |  |  | 807,564 |  |  | 1,179,065 |  |  | 2,262,672 |  |  | 2,217,505 |  |  | 452,172 |  |  | 11,852,247 |
Expenditures for Segment Assets |  | 196,010 |  |  | 19,325 |  |  | 63,142 |  |  | 165,167 |  |  | 1,794,386 |  |  | 79,276 |  |  | 2,317,306 |
Capital Expenditures |  | 115,555 |  |  | 19,325 |  |  | 39,163 |  |  | 80,275 |  |  | 152,739 |  |  | 53,005 |  |  | 460,062 |
Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of Cash Acquired |  | 1,551 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,579 |  |  | 77,087 |  |  | 1,639,427 |  |  | 25,913 |  |  | 1,758,557 |
Acquisitions of Customer Relationships, Customer Inducements and Contract Fulfillment Costs |  | 78,904 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,400 |  |  | 7,805 |  |  | 2,220 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 98,687 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | Excludes all intercompany receivables or payables and investment in subsidiary balances.
(2) | Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired for the Other International Business segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily consists of the cash component of the purchase price for the Recall Transaction, as the IMI entity that made the cash payment was an Australian subsidiary. However, the Recall Transaction also benefited the North American Records and Information Management Business, North American Data Management Business and Western European Business segments.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Adjusted EBITDA for each segment is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net; (4) gain on sale of real estate, net of tax; and (5) Significant Acquisition Costs (as defined below). Internally, we use Adjusted EBITDA as the basis for evaluating the performance of, and allocated resources to, our operating segments. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations on a consolidated basis is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,087,288 |  |  | $ | 1,260,196 |  |  | $ | 1,435,869 |
(Add)/Deduct: |  |  |  |  |
Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax | (2,180 | ) |  | (1,565 | ) |  | (55,328 | )
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes | 44,944 |  |  | 25,947 |  |  | 36,263 |
Other Expense, Net | 44,300 |  |  | 79,429 |  |  | (11,692 | )
Interest Expense, Net | 310,662 |  |  | 353,575 |  |  | 409,289 |
Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-down of Property, Plant and Equipment (Excluding Real Estate), Net | 1,412 |  |  | 799 |  |  | (9,818 | )
Depreciation and Amortization | 452,326 |  |  | 522,376 |  |  | 639,514 |
Intangible Impairments | — |  |  | 3,011 |  |  | — |
Significant Acquisition Costs(1) | 131,944 |  |  | 84,901 |  |  | 50,665 |
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations | $ | 103,880 |  |  | $ | 191,723 |  |  | $ | 376,976 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | Represents operating expenditures associated with (1) the Recall Transaction, including: (i) advisory and professional fees to complete the Recall Transaction; (ii) costs associated with the Divestments required in connection with receipt of regulatory approvals (including transitional services); and (iii) costs to integrate Recall with our existing operations, including moving, severance, facility upgrade, REIT integration and system upgrade costs, as well as certain costs associated with our shared service center initiative for our finance, human resources and information technology functions; and (2) the advisory and professional fees to complete the IODC Transaction (collectively, "Significant Acquisition Costs").
Information as to our operations in different geographical areas is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 2,173,782 |  |  | $ | 2,310,296 |  |  | $ | 2,579,847 |
United Kingdom | 237,032 |  |  | 246,373 |  |  | 280,993 |
Canada | 230,944 |  |  | 243,625 |  |  | 249,505 |
Australia | 148,175 |  |  | 157,333 |  |  | 155,367 |
Other International | 721,520 |  |  | 887,951 |  |  | 960,049 |
Total Revenues | $ | 3,511,453 |  |  | $ | 3,845,578 |  |  | $ | 4,225,761 |
Long-lived Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 5,238,807 |  |  | $ | 5,476,551 |  |  | $ | 6,902,232 |
United Kingdom | 400,937 |  |  | 529,233 |  |  | 547,768 |
Canada | 463,396 |  |  | 500,396 |  |  | 453,398 |
Australia | 542,055 |  |  | 470,432 |  |  | 442,755 |
Other International | 1,729,498 |  |  | 2,045,475 |  |  | 2,297,980 |
Total Long-lived Assets | $ | 8,374,693 |  |  | $ | 9,022,087 |  |  | $ | 10,644,133 |
Information as to our revenues by product and service lines by segment are as follows:
|  | North American Records and Information Management Business |  | North American Data Management Business |  | Western European Business |  | Other International Business |  | Global Data Center Business |  | Corporate and Other Business |  | Total Consolidated
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Records Management(1) |  | $ | 1,629,367 |  |  | $ | 14,857 |  |  | $ | 373,994 |  |  | $ | 578,209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,468 |  |  | $ | 2,631,895 |
Data Management(1) |  | — |  |  | 370,419 |  |  | 73,182 |  |  | 59,989 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,496 |  |  | 525,086 |
Information Destruction(1)(2) |  | 301,332 |  |  | 7,538 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 21,172 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 330,223 |
Data Center |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,249 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,249 |
Total Revenues |  | 1,930,699 |  |  | 392,814 |  |  | 447,357 |  |  | 659,370 |  |  | 24,249 |  |  | 56,964 |  |  | 3,511,453 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Records Management(1) |  | 1,706,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 417,221 |  |  | 686,988 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,194 |  |  | 2,847,691 |
Data Management(1) |  | — |  |  | 391,346 |  |  | 73,389 |  |  | 77,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,103 |  |  | 574,251 |
Information Destruction(1)(2) |  | 344,058 |  |  | 10,294 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 31,450 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 385,942 |
Data Center |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,694 |
Total Revenues |  | 2,050,346 |  |  | 401,640 |  |  | 490,746 |  |  | 795,851 |  |  | 37,694 |  |  | 69,301 |  |  | 3,845,578 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Records Management(1) |  | 1,751,058 |  |  | — |  |  | 443,960 |  |  | 708,297 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,607 |  |  | 2,967,922 |
Data Management(1) |  | — |  |  | 384,370 |  |  | 77,189 |  |  | 77,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,509 |  |  | 596,544 |
Information Destruction(1)(2) |  | 386,723 |  |  | 9,623 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 35,560 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 432,312 |
Data Center |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228,983 |  |  | — |  |  | 228,983 |
Total Revenues |  | 2,137,781 |  |  | 393,993 |  |  | 521,555 |  |  | 821,333 |  |  | 228,983 |  |  | 122,116 |  |  | 4,225,761 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) | Each of the offerings within our product and service lines has a component of revenue that is storage rental related and a component that is service revenues, except the destruction services offering, which does not have a storage rental component.
(2) | Includes secure shredding services.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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