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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Roll forward of allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves
A rollforward of allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
BALANCE AT
BEGINNING OF
THE YEAR
CREDIT MEMOS
CHARGED TO
REVENUE
ALLOWANCE FOR
BAD DEBTS CHARGED
TO EXPENSE
DEDUCTIONS
AND OTHER(1)
BALANCE AT
END OF
THE YEAR
2021$56,981 $47,931 $26,896 $(69,799)$62,009 
202042,856 55,118 34,411 (75,404)56,981 
201943,584 51,846 19,389 (71,963)42,856 
(1)Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos, the write-off of accounts receivable, allowances associated with businesses acquired and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.
Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, with items greater than 5% of total current liabilities are shown separately, and consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20212020
Interest$124,764 $131,448 
Dividends190,559 187,867 
Operating lease liabilities259,597 250,239 
Other457,617 576,734 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$1,032,537 $1,146,288 
Property, Plant and Equipment at cost
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method with the following useful lives (in years):
DESCRIPTIONRANGE
Buildings and building improvements
5 to 40
Leasehold improvements
5 to 10 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Racking
1 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Warehouse equipment/vehicles
1 to 10
Furniture and fixtures
1 to 10
Computer hardware and software
2 to 5
Property, plant and equipment (including financing leases in the respective category), at cost, consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20212020
Land$372,411 $354,395 
Buildings and building improvements3,391,143 3,040,253 
Leasehold improvements1,054,757 969,273 
Racking2,075,473 2,083,199 
Warehouse equipment/vehicles494,464 499,787 
Furniture and fixtures50,692 52,978 
Computer hardware and software823,649 746,993 
Construction in progress384,714 499,459 
Property, plant and equipment$8,647,303 $8,246,337 
Schedule of Contract Fulfillment Costs and related amortization During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, capitalized interest is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Capitalized interest$12,673 $14,321 $15,980 
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects$48,557 $38,329 $34,650 
Contract Fulfillment Costs, which are included as a component of Other within Other Assets, Net, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2021DECEMBER 31, 2020
DESCRIPTIONGROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING
AMOUNT
GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING AMOUNT
Intake Costs asset$71,336 $(42,678)$28,658 $63,721 $(33,352)$30,369 
Commissions asset114,791 (50,553)64,238 91,069 (38,787)52,282 
Amortization expense associated with the Intake Costs and Commissions assets for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202120202019
Intake Costs asset$17,530 $13,300 $10,144 
Commissions asset30,739 24,052 19,109 
Schedule of operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20212020
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
$2,314,422 $2,196,502 
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(2)(3)
298,049 310,534 
Liabilities:
Current
Operating lease liabilities$259,597 $250,239 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
41,168 43,149 
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities$2,171,472 $2,044,598 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
315,561 323,162 
(1)At December 31, 2021 and 2020, these assets are comprised of approximately 99% real estate related assets (which include land, buildings and racking) and 1% non-real estate related assets (which include warehouse equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and computer hardware and software).
(2)At December 31, 2021, these assets are comprised of approximately 69% real estate related assets and 31% non-real estate related assets. At December 31, 2020, these assets are comprised of approximately 72% real estate related assets and 28% non-real estate related assets.
(3)Financing lease right-of-use assets, current financing lease liabilities and long-term financing lease liabilities are included within Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term Debt, net of current portion, respectively, within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of lease terms and discount rates/Other lease information
The components of the lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202120202019
Operating lease cost(1)
$545,097 $499,464 $459,619 
Financing lease cost:
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets$50,970 $51,629 $59,258 
Interest expense for financing lease liabilities19,808 19,942 21,031 
(1)Operating lease cost, the majority of which is included in Cost of sales, includes variable lease costs of $111,949, $111,501 and $105,922 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2021DECEMBER 31, 2020
OPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASESOPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASES
Remaining Lease Term10.9 years10.9 years11.1 years11.5 years
Discount Rate6.6 %5.9 %6.9 %5.9 %
Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
CASH PAID FOR AMOUNTS INCLUDED IN MEASUREMENT OF LEASE LIABILITIES:202120202019
Operating cash flows used in operating leases$392,987 $360,088 $338,059 
Operating cash flows used in financing leases (interest)19,808 19,942 21,031 
Financing cash flows used in financing leases46,118 47,829 58,033 
NON-CASH ITEMS:
Operating lease modifications and reassessments$144,310 $143,382 $108,023 
New operating leases (including acquisitions and sale-leaseback transactions) 282,490 370,011 170,464 
Operating lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments as of December 31, 2021, are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2022$399,242 $5,838 $55,115 
2023380,690 5,208 50,122 
2024353,617 3,631 41,150 
2025328,320 1,504 38,600 
2026296,895 1,075 34,731 
Thereafter1,706,142 2,271 235,872 
Total minimum lease payments3,464,906 $19,527 455,590 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest(1,033,837) (98,861)
Present value of lease obligations$2,431,069  $356,729 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Finance lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments as of December 31, 2021, are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2022$399,242 $5,838 $55,115 
2023380,690 5,208 50,122 
2024353,617 3,631 41,150 
2025328,320 1,504 38,600 
2026296,895 1,075 34,731 
Thereafter1,706,142 2,271 235,872 
Total minimum lease payments3,464,906 $19,527 455,590 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest(1,033,837) (98,861)
Present value of lease obligations$2,431,069  $356,729 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Components of Gain/Loss on Sale/Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2021(1)
2020(1)
2019
Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net$172,041 $363,537 $63,824 
The gains primarily consisted of:
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $164,000, of which (i) approximately $127,400 relates to the sale-leaseback transactions of five facilities in the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 2021 and (ii) approximately $36,600 relates to the sale and sale-leaseback transactions of nine facilities in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2021.


Gains associated with sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $342,100, of which (i) approximately $265,600 relates to the sale-leaseback transactions of 14 facilities in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2020 and (ii) approximately $76,400 relates to the sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities in the United States during the third quarter of 2020.
Gains of approximately $24,100 associated with the Frankfurt JV Transaction (as defined in Note 3).
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $67,800 in the United States.
The sale of certain land and buildings of approximately $36,000 in the United Kingdom.
Partially offset by losses from:
The impairment charge on the assets associated with the select offerings within our Iron Mountain Iron Cloud portfolio and loss on the subsequent sale of certain IT infrastructure assets and rights to certain hardware and maintenance contracts used to deliver these offerings of approximately $25,000.
The write-down of certain property, plant and equipment of approximately $15,700 in the United States.
(1) The gains recognized associated with the sale and sale-leaseback transactions during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are part of our program to monetize a small portion of our industrial real estate assets. The terms for these leases are consistent with the terms of our lease portfolio, which are disclosed in Note 2.i.
Schedule of carrying value of goodwill, net for each of the reporting units
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
   CARRYING VALUE AS OF
DECEMBER 31,
SEGMENTREPORTING UNIT20212020
Global RIM (as defined in Note 11) Business North America RIM$2,720,049 $2,719,182 
Europe RIM624,502 641,621 
Latin America RIM107,174 117,834 
ANZ RIM284,042 301,251 
Asia RIM240,494 244,294 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center426,074 436,987 
Corporate and Other BusinessFine Arts27,905 15,176 
Entertainment Services33,291 35,159 
Technology Escrow Services(1)
— 46,105 
Total$4,463,531  $4,557,609 
(1)The Technology Escrow Services reporting unit was divested in June 2021 (see Note 4).
Schedule of changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
 GLOBAL RIM
BUSINESS
GLOBAL
DATA CENTER
BUSINESS
CORPORATE
AND OTHER
BUSINESS
TOTAL
CONSOLIDATED
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2019$3,942,901 $424,568 $117,740 $4,485,209 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year54,258 — — 54,258 
Goodwill impairment— — (23,000)(23,000)
Fair value and other adjustments(3,815)— 403 (3,412)
Currency effects30,838 12,419 1,297 44,554 
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 20204,024,182 436,987 96,440 4,557,609 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year14,406 — 13,141 27,547 
Goodwill allocated to IPM Divestment— — (46,105)(46,105)
Fair value and other adjustments(6,091)— (1,268)(7,359)
Currency effects(56,236)(10,913)(1,012)(68,161)
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2021$3,976,261 $426,074 $61,196 $4,463,531 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2020$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2021$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Components of amortizable intangible assets
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2021DECEMBER 31, 2020
DESCRIPTIONGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNTGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNT
Assets:
Customer relationship intangible assets(1)
$1,835,949 $(763,943)$1,072,006 $1,852,700 $(668,547)$1,184,153 
Customer inducements(1)
51,403 (28,400)23,003 49,098 (26,923)22,175 
Data center lease-based intangible assets(1)(2)
278,904 (192,870)86,034 269,988 (149,339)120,649 
Third-party commissions asset(3)
33,947 (13,716)20,231 34,317 (8,761)25,556 
Liabilities:
Data center below-market leases(4)
$12,782 $(6,923)$5,859 $12,854 $(5,943)$6,911 
(1)Included in Customer relationships, customer inducements and data center lease-based intangibles in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
(2)Data center lease-based intangible assets includes Data Center In-Place Leases, Data Center Tenant Relationships and Data Center Above-Market Leases.
(3)Included in Other (within Other Assets, Net) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
(4)Included in Other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Schedule of amortization expenses
Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets, revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Customer Inducements and net revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Data Center Above-Market Leases and Data Center Below-Market Leases for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202120202019
Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization associated with:   
Customer relationship intangible assets$117,761 $117,514 $117,972 
Data center in-place leases and tenant relationships42,333 42,637 46,696 
Third-party commissions asset and other finite-lived intangible assets6,987 7,004 7,957 
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of:   
Customer inducements and data center above-market and below-market leases$8,852 $9,878 $13,703 
Estimated amortization expense for existing intangible assets for the next five succeeding fiscal years
Estimated amortization expense for existing finite-lived intangible assets (excluding Contract Fulfillment Costs, as defined and disclosed in Note 2.r.) is as follows:
 ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
YEARINCLUDED IN DEPRECIATION
AND AMORTIZATION
REVENUE REDUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CUSTOMER INDUCEMENTS
AND DATA CENTER ABOVE-MARKET AND
BELOW-MARKET LEASES
2022$134,107 $6,367 
2023128,681 4,628 
2024123,412 2,599 
2025117,306 1,506 
2026115,966 1,187 
Thereafter557,040 2,616 
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis
The assets and liabilities carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are as follows:
  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2021 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2021
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$101,022 $— $101,022 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
2,238 — 2,238 — 
Trading Securities11,147 11,062 
(2)
85 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
11,021 — 11,021 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
8,344 — 8,344 — 
  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 USING
DESCRIPTIONTOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2020
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$62,657 $— $62,657 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
2,121 2,121 — 
Trading Securities10,892 10,636 
(2)
256 
(3)
— 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
49,703 — 49,703 — 
(1)Money market funds and time deposits are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.
(2)Certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.
(3)Certain trading securities are measured based on inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable.
(4)Derivative assets and liabilities include (i) interest rate swap agreements, including forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, to limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness and (ii) cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rates impacts between the United States dollar and the Euro and certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. Our derivative financial instruments are measured using industry standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, forward and spot prices for currencies and implied volatilities. Credit risk is also factored into the determination of the fair value of our derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 for additional information on our derivative financial instruments.
Schedule of changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY
 TRANSLATION AND
OTHER ADJUSTMENTS
CHANGE IN FAIR
VALUE OF DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS
TOTAL
Balance as of December 31, 2018$(264,691)$(973)$(265,664)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments11,866 — 11,866 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (8,783)(8,783)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)11,866 (8,783)3,083 
Balance as of December 31, 2019(252,825)(9,756)(262,581)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments46,635 — 46,635 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (39,947)(39,947)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)46,635 (39,947)6,688 
Balance as of December 31, 2020(206,190)(49,703)(255,893)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(134,834)— (134,834)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 52,380 52,380 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income (134,834)52,380 (82,454)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$(341,024)$2,677 $(338,347)
Contract with customer, future amortization expense
Estimated amortization expense for Contract Fulfillment Costs is as follows:
YEAR
ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
2022$47,393 
202330,083 
202415,420 
Schedule of deferred revenue liabilities
Deferred revenue liabilities are reflected as follows in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTIONLOCATION IN BALANCE SHEET20212020
Deferred revenue - CurrentDeferred revenue$307,470 $295,785 
Deferred revenue - Long-termOther Long-term Liabilities33,691 35,612 
Schedule of revenue
Storage rental revenue, including revenue associated with power and connectivity, associated with our Global Data Center Business for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Storage rental revenue(1)
$289,592 $263,695 $246,925 
(1)Revenue associated with power and connectivity included within storage rental revenue was $62,185, $47,451 and $43,269 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Payments to be received
The future minimum lease payments we expect to receive under non-cancellable data center operating leases for which we are the lessor, excluding month to month leases, for the next five years are as follows:
YEARFUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS
2022$266,109 
2023218,324 
2024179,169 
2025126,269 
202698,440 
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Stock-based compensation expense$61,001 $37,674 $35,654 
Stock-based compensation expense, after tax59,243 36,584 33,103 
Schedule of weighted average assumptions These values were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average assumptions used for grants in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS202120202019
Expected volatility(1)
28.3 %25.4 %24.3 %
Risk-free interest rate(2)
1.45 %1.45 %2.47 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
%%%
Expected life(4)
10.0 years10.0 years5.0 years
(1)Expected volatility is calculated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the option.
(2)Risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of the stock options.
(3)Expected dividend yield is considered in the option pricing model and represents our current annualized expected per share dividends over the current trade price of our common stock.
(4)Expected life of the stock options granted is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
Summary of stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:
 OPTIONSWEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
REMAINING
CONTRACTUAL
TERM (YEARS)
AGGREGATE
INTRINSIC
VALUE
Outstanding at December 31, 20204,732,519 $35.83   
Granted429,618 34.73   
Exercised(869,855)34.26   
Forfeited(16,304)35.37   
Expired(51,905)34.27   
Outstanding at December 31, 20214,224,073 $36.06 5.75$68,747 
Options exercisable at December 31, 20213,168,908 $36.60 4.90$49,850 
Options expected to vest1,054,641 $34.42 8.34$18,888 
Summary of restricted stock and RSU activity
The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, are as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Fair value of RSUs vested$29,332 $26,492 $21,191 
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:
 RSUsWEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 20201,294,006 $33.02 
Granted1,178,170 34.98 
Vested(862,377)34.01 
Forfeited(206,166)32.65 
Non-vested at December 31, 20211,403,633 $34.11 
Schedule of performance stock units
The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202120202019
Fair value of earned PUs that vested$29,701 $11,812 $6,503 
Summary of performance unit (PU) activity
A summary of PU activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:
 ORIGINAL
PU AWARDS
PU
ADJUSTMENT(1)
TOTAL PU
AWARDS
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE
FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 20201,073,209 (319,508)753,701 $36.98 
Granted488,953 — 488,953 54.61 
Vested(630,151)— (630,151)47.13 
Forfeited/Performance or Market Conditions Not Achieved(58,776)(221,936)(280,712)35.84 
Non-vested at December 31, 2021873,235 (541,444)331,791 $44.65 
(1)Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs or a change in estimated awards based on the forecasted performance against the predefined targets.
Other expense (income), net
Consolidated other (income) expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 consists of the following:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202120202019
Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net(1)
$(15,753)$29,830 $24,852 
Debt extinguishment expense— 68,300 — 
Other, net(2)
(177,051)45,415 9,046 
Other (Income) Expense, Net$(192,804)$143,545 $33,898 
(1)The gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable measurement date, includes gains or losses primarily related to (i) borrowings in certain foreign currencies under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 7), (ii) our previously outstanding 3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025 ("Euro Notes"), (iii) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested and (iv) amounts that are paid or received on the net settlement amount from forward contracts (as more fully discussed in Note 6).
(2)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists primarily of (a) a gain of approximately $179,000 associated with our IPM Divestment and (b) a gain of approximately $20,300 associated with the loss of control and related deconsolidation, as of May 18, 2021, of one of our wholly owned Netherlands subsidiaries, for which we had value-added tax liability exposure that was recorded in 2019, partially offset by (c) losses on our equity method investments. Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 consists primarily of (a) changes in the estimated value of our mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests and (b) losses on our equity method investments.
Calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to the entity
The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202120202019
Income (loss) from continuing operations$452,725 $343,096 $268,211 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests2,506 403 938 
Income (loss) from continuing operations (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)450,219 342,693 267,273 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax— — 104 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$450,219 $342,693 $267,377 
Weighted-average shares—basic289,457,000 288,183,000 286,971,000 
Effect of dilutive potential stock options645,886 24,903 145,509 
Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs872,204 435,287 570,435 
Weighted-average shares—diluted290,975,090 288,643,190 287,686,944 
Earnings (losses) per share—basic:   
Income (loss) from continuing operations$1.56 $1.19 $0.93 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax— — — 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1)
$1.56 $1.19 $0.93 
Earnings (losses) per share—diluted:   
Income (loss) from continuing operations$1.55 $1.19 $0.93 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax— — — 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1)
$1.55 $1.19 $0.93 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation1,447,722 5,663,981 4,475,745 
(1)Columns may not foot due to rounding.