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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Roll forward of allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves
The rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
BALANCE AT
BEGINNING OF
THE YEAR
CREDIT MEMOS
CHARGED TO
REVENUE
ALLOWANCE FOR
BAD DEBTS CHARGED
TO EXPENSE
DEDUCTIONS
AND OTHER(1)
BALANCE AT
END OF
THE YEAR
2022$62,009 $62,891 $13,666 $(84,423)$54,143 
202156,981 47,931 26,896 (69,799)62,009 
202042,856 55,118 34,411 (75,404)56,981 
(1)Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos, the write-off of accounts receivable and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.
Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities with items greater than 5% of total current liabilities are shown separately and consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20222021
Interest$128,272 $124,764 
Dividends194,272 190,559 
Operating lease liabilities288,738 259,597 
Other420,628 457,617 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$1,031,910 $1,032,537 
Property, Plant and Equipment at cost
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method with the following useful lives (in years):
DESCRIPTIONRANGE
Buildings and building improvements
5 to 40
Leasehold improvements
5 to 10 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Racking
1 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Warehouse equipment/vehicles
1 to 10
Furniture and fixtures
1 to 10
Computer hardware and software
2 to 5
Property, plant and equipment (including financing leases in the respective categories), at cost, consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20222021
Land$486,715 $372,411 
Buildings and building improvements3,336,778 3,391,143 
Leasehold improvements1,079,419 1,054,757 
Racking2,058,054 2,075,473 
Warehouse equipment/vehicles493,128 494,464 
Furniture and fixtures49,610 50,692 
Computer hardware and software585,792 823,649 
Construction in progress936,269 384,714 
Property, plant and equipment$9,025,765 $8,647,303 
Schedule of Contract Fulfillment Costs and related amortization During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, capitalized interest is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Capitalized interest$14,078 $12,673 $14,321 
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects$44,152 $48,557 $38,329 
Contract Fulfillment Costs, which are included as a component of Other within Other Assets, Net, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2022DECEMBER 31, 2021
DESCRIPTIONGROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING
AMOUNT
GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING AMOUNT
Intake Costs asset$68,345 $(42,132)$26,213 $71,336 $(42,678)$28,658 
Commissions asset133,145 (58,949)74,196 114,791 (50,553)64,238 
Amortization expense associated with the Intake Costs and Commissions assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20222021
2020
Intake Costs asset$18,117 $17,530 $13,300 
Commissions asset40,612 30,739 24,052 
Schedule of operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20222021
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
$2,583,704 $2,314,422 
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(2)(3)
251,690 298,049 
Liabilities:
Current
Operating lease liabilities$288,738 $259,597 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
43,857 41,168 
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities$2,429,167 $2,171,472 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
289,048 315,561 
(1)At December 31, 2022 and 2021, these assets are comprised of approximately 99% real estate related assets (which include land, buildings and racking) and 1% non-real estate related assets (which include warehouse equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and computer hardware and software).
(2)At December 31, 2022, these assets are comprised of approximately 64% real estate related assets and 36% non-real estate related assets. At December 31, 2021, these assets are comprised of approximately 69% real estate related assets and 31% non-real estate related assets.
(3)Financing lease right-of-use assets, current financing lease liabilities and long-term financing lease liabilities are included within Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term Debt, net of current portion, respectively, within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of lease terms and discount rates/Other lease information
The components of the lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202220212020
Operating lease cost(1)
$574,115 $545,097 $499,464 
Financing lease cost:
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets$42,708 $50,970 $51,629 
Interest expense for financing lease liabilities17,329 19,808 19,942 
(1)Operating lease cost, the majority of which is included in Cost of sales, includes variable lease costs of $119,184, $111,949 and $111,501 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2022DECEMBER 31, 2021
OPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASESOPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASES
Remaining Lease Term11.3 years10.6 years10.9 years10.9 years
Discount Rate6.4 %5.8 %6.6 %5.9 %
Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
CASH PAID FOR AMOUNTS INCLUDED IN MEASUREMENT OF LEASE LIABILITIES:202220212020
Operating cash flows used in operating leases$409,163 $392,987 $360,088 
Operating cash flows used in financing leases (interest)17,329 19,808 19,942 
Financing cash flows used in financing leases44,869 46,118 47,829 
NON-CASH ITEMS:
Operating lease modifications and reassessments$179,094 $144,310 $143,382 
New operating leases (including acquisitions and sale-leaseback transactions) 540,830 282,490 370,011 
Operating lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2023$435,386 $(9,499)$52,340 
2024417,058 (5,766)46,244 
2025392,117 (3,243)119,130 
2026360,684 (2,528)31,232 
2027335,269 (3,521)15,778 
Thereafter1,962,941 — 144,701 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)3,903,455 $(24,557)409,425 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,185,550 76,520 
Present value of lease obligations$2,717,905 $332,905 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Finance lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2023$435,386 $(9,499)$52,340 
2024417,058 (5,766)46,244 
2025392,117 (3,243)119,130 
2026360,684 (2,528)31,232 
2027335,269 (3,521)15,778 
Thereafter1,962,941 — 144,701 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)3,903,455 $(24,557)409,425 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,185,550 76,520 
Present value of lease obligations$2,717,905 $332,905 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Disclosure of Long-Lived Assets Held-for-sale
Gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net$93,268 $172,041 $363,537 
The gains primarily consist of(1):
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $94,500, of which (i) approximately $49,000 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 11 facilities and parcels of land in the United States during the second quarter of 2022, (ii) approximately $17,000 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities in the United States and one in Canada during the third quarter of 2022 and (iii) approximately $28,500 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 12 facilities and one parcel of land in the United States and one facility in the United Kingdom during the fourth quarter of 2022.
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $164,000, of which (i) approximately $127,400 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of five facilities in the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 2021 and (ii) approximately $36,600 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of nine facilities in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2021.


Gains associated with sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $342,100, of which (i) approximately $265,600 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of 14 facilities in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2020 and (ii) approximately $76,400 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities in the United States during the third quarter of 2020.
Gains of approximately $24,100 associated with the Frankfurt JV Transaction (as defined in Note 5).
(1) The gains recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are the result of our program to monetize a small portion of our industrial assets through sale and sale-leaseback transactions. The terms for these leases are consistent with the terms of our lease portfolio, which are disclosed in Note 2.j.
Schedule of carrying value of goodwill, net for each of the reporting units
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNITCARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2021
Global RIM (as defined in Note 11) Business North America RIM$2,720,049 
Europe RIM624,502 
Latin America RIM107,174 
ANZ RIM284,042 
Asia RIM240,494 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center426,074 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts27,905 
Entertainment Services33,291 
Total$4,463,531 
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNITCARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022
Global RIM Business North America RIM$2,667,400 
ESA RIM521,949 
MENAT RIM25,007 
Latin America RIM109,069 
APAC RIM497,792 
Entertainment Services31,729 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center418,502 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts33,908 
ALM577,378 
Total$4,882,734 
Schedule of changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
 GLOBAL RIM
BUSINESS
GLOBAL
DATA CENTER
BUSINESS
CORPORATE
AND OTHER
TOTAL
CONSOLIDATED
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2020$4,022,641 $436,987 $97,981 $4,557,609 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year14,406 — 13,141 27,547 
Goodwill allocated to IPM Divestment— — (46,105)(46,105)
Fair value and other adjustments(6,091)— (1,268)(7,359)
Currency effects(58,104)(10,913)856 (68,161)
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 20213,972,852 426,074 64,605 4,463,531 
Deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 912 912 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year696 — 546,693 547,389 
Fair value and other adjustments(1)
(12,199)— 384 (11,815)
Currency effects(108,403)(7,572)(1,308)(117,283)
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2022$3,852,946 $418,502 $611,286 $4,882,734 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2021$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2022$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
(1) This amount primarily represents an adjustment to goodwill as a result of the deconsolidation of certain businesses, as described in Note 4.
Components of amortizable intangible assets
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2022DECEMBER 31, 2021
DESCRIPTIONGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNTGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNT
Assets:
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets(1)
$2,162,154 $(823,392)$1,338,762 $1,835,949 $(763,943)$1,072,006 
Customer inducements(1)
47,794 (26,158)21,636 51,403 (28,400)23,003 
Data center lease-based intangible assets(1)(2)
272,649 (209,902)62,747 278,904 (192,870)86,034 
Third-party commissions asset and other(3)
83,297 (28,581)54,716 33,947 (13,716)20,231 
Liabilities:
Data center below-market leases(4)
$12,831 $(7,806)$5,025 $12,782 $(6,923)$5,859 
(1)Included in Customer and supplier relationship and other intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(2)Data center lease-based intangible assets includes Data Center In-Place Leases, Data Center Tenant Relationships and Data Center Above-Market Leases.
(3)Included in Other (within Other Assets, Net) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(4)Included in Other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Schedule of amortization expenses
Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets, revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Customer Inducements and net revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Data Center Above-Market Leases and Data Center Below-Market Leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202220212020
Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization associated with:   
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets$156,779 $117,761 $117,514 
Data center in-place leases and tenant relationships16,955 42,333 42,637 
Third-party commissions asset and other finite-lived intangible assets16,148 6,987 7,004 
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of:   
Customer inducements and data center above-market and below-market leases$8,119 $8,852 $9,878 
Estimated amortization expense for existing intangible assets for the next five succeeding fiscal years
Estimated amortization expense for existing finite-lived intangible assets (excluding Contract Fulfillment Costs, as defined and disclosed in Note 2.s.) is as follows:
 ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
YEARINCLUDED IN DEPRECIATION
AND AMORTIZATION
REVENUE REDUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CUSTOMER INDUCEMENTS
AND DATA CENTER ABOVE-MARKET AND
BELOW-MARKET LEASES
2023$181,866 $6,198 
2024177,512 3,997 
2025175,963 2,504 
2026146,812 1,909 
2027124,434 1,299 
Thereafter648,895 1,447 
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis
The assets and liabilities carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are as follows:
  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2022
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$11,311 $— $11,311 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
1,102 — 1,102 — 
Trading Securities9,462 9,426 
(2)
36 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
51,396 — 51,396 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
489 — 489 — 
Deferred Purchase Obligations(5)
193,033 — — 193,033 
  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2021 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2021
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$101,022 $— $101,022 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
2,238 — 2,238 — 
Trading Securities11,147 11,062 
(2)
85 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
11,021 — 11,021 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
8,344 — 8,344 — 
(1)Money market funds and time deposits are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.
(2)Certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.
(3)Certain trading securities are measured based on inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable.
(4)Derivative assets and liabilities include (i) interest rate swap agreements, including our forward-starting interest rate swap agreement, to limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness and on future borrowings from our Virginia Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 7) and (ii) cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rate impacts between the United States dollar and the Euro and certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. Our derivative financial instruments are measured using industry standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, forward and spot prices for currencies and implied volatilities. Credit risk is also factored into the determination of the fair value of our derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 for additional information on our derivative financial instruments.
(5)Primarily relates to the fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation associated with the ITRenew Transaction (each as defined in Note 3), which was determined utilizing a Monte-Carlo model and takes into account our forecasted projections as it relates to the underlying performance of the business. The Monte-Carlo simulation model incorporates assumptions as to expected gross profits over the applicable achievement period, including adjustments for the volatility of timing and amount of the associated revenue and costs, as well as discount rates that account for the risk of the underlying arrangement and overall market risks. Any material change to these assumptions may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we recorded a change in the estimated fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation as described in Note 2.v.
Schedule of changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net
The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY
 TRANSLATION AND
OTHER ADJUSTMENTS
CHANGE IN FAIR
VALUE OF DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS
TOTAL
Balance as of December 31, 2019$(252,825)$(9,756)$(262,581)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments46,635 — 46,635 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (39,947)(39,947)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)46,635 (39,947)6,688 
Balance as of December 31, 2020(206,190)(49,703)(255,893)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(134,834)— (134,834)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 52,380 52,380 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(134,834)52,380 (82,454)
Balance as of December 31, 2021(341,024)2,677 (338,347)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(113,485)— (113,485)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 9,829 9,829 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income (113,485)9,829 (103,656)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$(454,509)$12,506 $(442,003)
Contract with customer, future amortization expense
Estimated amortization expense for Contract Fulfillment Costs is as follows:
YEAR
ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
2023$51,785 
202433,731 
202514,893 
Schedule of deferred revenue liabilities
Deferred revenue liabilities are reflected as follows in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTIONLOCATION IN BALANCE SHEET20222021
Deferred revenue - CurrentDeferred revenue$328,910 $307,470 
Deferred revenue - Long-termOther Long-term Liabilities32,960 33,691 
Schedule of revenue
Storage rental revenue, including revenue associated with power and connectivity, associated with our Global Data Center Business for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Storage rental revenue(1)
$372,208 $289,592 $263,695 
(1)Revenue associated with power and connectivity included within storage rental revenue was $130,101, $62,185 and $47,451 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Payments to be received
The future minimum lease payments we expect to receive under non-cancellable data center operating leases for which we are the lessor, excluding month to month leases, for the next five years are as follows:
YEARFUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS
2023$295,489 
2024269,438 
2025220,528 
2026185,368 
2027162,032 
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Stock-based compensation expense$56,861 $61,001 $37,674 
Stock-based compensation expense, after tax52,600 59,243 36,584 
Schedule of weighted average assumptions These values were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average assumptions used for grants in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS202220212020
Expected volatility(1)
28.0 %28.3 %25.4 %
Risk-free interest rate(2)
1.72 %1.45 %1.45 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
%%%
Expected life(4)
10.0 years10.0 years10.0 years
(1)Expected volatility is calculated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the option.
(2)Risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of the stock options.
(3)Expected dividend yield is considered in the option pricing model and represents our current annualized expected per share dividends over the current trade price of our common stock.
(4)Expected life of the stock options granted is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
Summary of stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 OPTIONSWEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
REMAINING
CONTRACTUAL
TERM (YEARS)
AGGREGATE
INTRINSIC
VALUE
Outstanding at December 31, 20214,224,073 $36.06 
Granted211,455 49.67 
Exercised(208,093)33.00 
Forfeited(1,116)35.72 
Expired— — 
Outstanding at December 31, 20224,226,319 $36.89 5.03$54,788 
Options exercisable at December 31, 20223,531,786 $36.49 4.41$47,169 
Options expected to vest694,533 $38.88 8.19$7,619 
Summary of restricted stock and RSU activity
The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Fair value of RSUs vested$27,078 $29,332 $26,492 
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 RSUsWEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 20211,403,633 $34.11 
Granted949,413 50.26 
Vested(802,454)33.74 
Forfeited(244,477)38.63 
Non-vested at December 31, 20221,306,115 $43.43 
Schedule of performance stock units
The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202220212020
Fair value of earned PUs that vested$20,059 $29,701 $11,812 
Summary of performance unit (PU) activity
A summary of PU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 ORIGINAL
PU AWARDS
PU
ADJUSTMENT(1)
TOTAL PU
AWARDS
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE
FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 2021873,235 (541,444)331,791 $44.65 
Granted435,675 — 435,675 52.27 
Prior year grant adjustments for performance (1)
— 56,894 56,894 36.78 
Vested(386,627)— (386,627)51.88 
Forfeited(92,110)— (92,110)49.61 
Non-vested at December 31, 2022830,173 (484,550)345,623 $45.65 
(1)Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs or a change in estimated awards based on the forecasted performance against the predefined targets.
Other (income) expense, net
Other (income) expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202220212020
Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net(1)
$(61,684)$(15,753)$29,830 
Debt extinguishment expense671 — 68,300 
Other, net(2)(3)
(8,768)(177,051)45,415 
Other (Income) Expense, Net$(69,781)$(192,804)$143,545 
(1)The gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable measurement date, includes gains or losses primarily related to (i) borrowings in certain foreign currencies under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 7), (ii) our previously outstanding 3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025, which were redeemed in 2020, and (iii) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested.
(2)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2022 consists primarily of (i) a gain of approximately $93,600 associated with the remeasurement of the Deferred Purchase Obligation to the present value of our best estimate of fair value and (ii) a gain of approximately $35,800 associated with the Clutter Transaction (as defined in Note 5), partially offset by (iii) a loss of approximately $105,800 associated with the OSG Deconsolidation (as defined in Note 4) and (iv) losses on our equity method investments.
(3)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists primarily of (i) a gain of approximately $179,000 associated with our IPM Divestment (as defined in Note 4) and (ii) a gain of approximately $20,300 associated with the loss of control and related deconsolidation, as of May 18, 2021, of one of our wholly owned Netherlands subsidiaries, for which we had value-added tax liability exposure that was recorded in 2019, partially offset by (iii) losses on our equity method investments.
Calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to the entity
The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202220212020
Net Income (Loss)$562,149 $452,725 $343,096 
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests5,168 2,506 403 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)$556,981 $450,219 $342,693 
Weighted-average shares—basic290,812,000 289,457,000 288,183,000 
Effect of dilutive potential stock options1,125,068 645,886 24,903 
Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs507,109 872,204 435,287 
Weighted-average shares—diluted292,444,177 290,975,090 288,643,190 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated:   
Basic$1.92 $1.56 $1.19 
Diluted$1.90 $1.55 $1.19 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation305,527 1,447,722 5,663,981