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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves
The rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
BALANCE AT
BEGINNING OF
THE YEAR
CREDIT MEMOS
CHARGED TO
REVENUE
ALLOWANCE FOR
BAD DEBTS CHARGED
TO EXPENSE
DEDUCTIONS
AND OTHER(1)
BALANCE AT
END OF
THE YEAR
2023$54,143 $92,881 $32,692 $(104,954)$74,762 
202262,009 62,891 13,666 (84,423)54,143 
202156,981 47,931 26,896 (69,799)62,009 
(1)Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos, the write-off of accounts receivable and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.
Schedule of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities with items greater than 5% of total current liabilities are shown separately and consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20232022
Interest$175,218 $128,272 
Deferred purchase obligations, purchase price holdbacks and other171,273 7,187 
Dividends202,392 194,272 
Operating lease liabilities291,795 288,738 
Other409,581 413,441 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$1,250,259 $1,031,910 
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment at cost
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method with the following useful lives (in years):
DESCRIPTIONRANGE
Buildings and building improvements
5 to 40
Leasehold improvements
5 to 10 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Racking
1 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Warehouse equipment/vehicles
1 to 10
Furniture and fixtures
1 to 10
Computer hardware and software
2 to 5
Property, plant and equipment (including financing leases in the respective categories), at cost, consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20232022
Land$536,780 $486,715 
Buildings and building improvements3,819,241 3,336,778 
Leasehold improvements1,166,810 1,079,419 
Racking2,054,046 2,058,054 
Warehouse equipment/vehicles526,965 493,128 
Furniture and fixtures46,094 49,610 
Computer hardware and software601,273 585,792 
Construction in progress1,622,780 936,269 
Property, plant and equipment$10,373,989 $9,025,765 
Schedule of Contract Fulfillment Costs and related amortization During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, capitalized interest is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Capitalized interest$44,845 $14,078 $12,673 
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects$64,488 $44,152 $48,557 
Contract Costs, which are included as a component of Other within Other Assets, Net as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2023DECEMBER 31, 2022
DESCRIPTIONGROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING
AMOUNT
GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING AMOUNT
Intake Costs asset$76,150 $(39,617)$36,533 $68,345 $(42,132)$26,213 
Commissions asset156,639 (64,279)92,360 133,145 (58,949)74,196 
Amortization expense associated with the Intake Costs and Commissions assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20232022
2021
Intake Costs asset$18,904 $18,117 $17,530 
Commissions asset43,413 40,612 30,739 
Schedule of Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20232022
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
$2,696,024 $2,583,704 
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(2)(3)
304,600 251,690 
Liabilities:
Current
Operating lease liabilities$291,795 $288,738 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
39,089 43,857 
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities$2,562,394 $2,429,167 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
310,776 289,048 
(1)At December 31, 2023 and 2022, these assets are comprised of approximately 99% real estate related assets (which include land, buildings and racking) and 1% non-real estate related assets (which include warehouse equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and computer hardware and software).
(2)At December 31, 2023, these assets are comprised of approximately 68% real estate related assets and 32% non-real estate related assets. At December 31, 2022, these assets are comprised of approximately 64% real estate related assets and 36% non-real estate related assets.
(3)Financing lease right-of-use assets, current financing lease liabilities and long-term financing lease liabilities are included within Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term Debt, net of current portion, respectively, within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of Lease terms and discount rates/Other lease information
The components of the lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202320222021
Operating lease cost(1)
$660,889 $574,115 $545,097 
Financing lease cost:
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets$42,089 $42,708 $50,970 
Interest expense for financing lease liabilities18,638 17,329 19,808 
(1)Operating lease cost, the majority of which is included in Cost of sales, includes variable lease costs of $142,154, $119,184 and $111,949 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2023DECEMBER 31, 2022
OPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASESOPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASES
Remaining Lease Term10.6 years9.2 years11.3 years10.6 years
Discount Rate6.6 %6.1 %6.4 %5.8 %
Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
CASH PAID FOR AMOUNTS INCLUDED IN MEASUREMENT OF LEASE LIABILITIES:202320222021
Operating cash flows used in operating leases$450,412 $409,163 $392,987 
Operating cash flows used in financing leases (interest)18,638 17,329 19,808 
Financing cash flows used in financing leases52,284 44,869 46,118 
NON-CASH ITEMS:
Operating lease modifications and reassessments$86,948 $179,094 $144,310 
New operating leases (including acquisitions and sale-leaseback transactions) 306,479 540,830 282,490 
Schedule of Operating lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2024$468,015 $(6,969)$56,901 
2025456,638 (4,282)127,074 
2026421,535 (2,979)40,283 
2027389,307 (3,451)30,098 
2028344,744 (48)55,523 
Thereafter1,970,950 (48)117,779 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)4,051,189 $(17,777)427,658 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,197,000 77,793 
Present value of lease obligations$2,854,189 $349,865 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Schedule of Finance lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2024$468,015 $(6,969)$56,901 
2025456,638 (4,282)127,074 
2026421,535 (2,979)40,283 
2027389,307 (3,451)30,098 
2028344,744 (48)55,523 
Thereafter1,970,950 (48)117,779 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)4,051,189 $(17,777)427,658 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,197,000 77,793 
Present value of lease obligations$2,854,189 $349,865 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Schedule of Long-Lived Assets Held-for-sale
Gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net$12,825 $93,268 $172,041 
The gains primarily consist of(1):
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $19,500, of which approximately $18,500 relates to a sale-leaseback transaction of a facility in Singapore during the first quarter of 2023. These gains are partially offset by losses related to the disposal of assets associated with facility consolidations.
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $94,500, of which (i) approximately $49,000 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 11 facilities and parcels of land in the United States during the second quarter of 2022, (ii) approximately $17,000 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities in the United States and one in Canada during the third quarter of 2022 and (iii) approximately $28,500 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 12 facilities and one parcel of land in the United States and one facility in the United Kingdom during the fourth quarter of 2022.
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $164,000, of which (i) approximately $127,400 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of five facilities in the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 2021 and (ii) approximately $36,600 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of nine facilities in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2021.


(1) The gains recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are the result of our program to monetize a small portion of our industrial assets through sale and sale-leaseback transactions. The terms for these leases are consistent with the terms of our lease portfolio, which are disclosed in Note 2.j.
Schedule of Carrying value of goodwill, net for each of the reporting units
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNITCARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022
Global RIM Business North America RIM$2,667,400 
ESA RIM521,949 
MENAT RIM25,007 
Latin America RIM109,069 
APAC RIM497,792 
Entertainment Services31,729 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center418,502 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts33,908 
ALM577,378 
Total$4,882,734 
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNITCARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023
Global RIM Business North America RIM$2,694,093 
Europe RIM541,860 
MENATSA RIM26,502 
Latin America RIM120,119 
APAC RIM496,944 
Entertainment Services32,427 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center478,930 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts47,535 
ALM579,502 
Total$5,017,912 
Schedule of Changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
 GLOBAL RIM
BUSINESS
GLOBAL
DATA CENTER
BUSINESS
CORPORATE
AND OTHER
TOTAL
CONSOLIDATED
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2021$3,972,852 $426,074 $64,605 $4,463,531 
Tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 912 912 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year696 — 546,693 547,389 
Fair value and other adjustments(1)
(12,199)— 384 (11,815)
Currency effects(108,403)(7,572)(1,308)(117,283)
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 20223,852,946 418,502 611,286 4,882,734 
Tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 11,928 11,928 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year21,594 56,674 383 78,651 
Fair value and other adjustments(80)— 2,333 2,253 
Currency effects37,485 3,754 1,107 42,346 
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2023
$3,911,945 $478,930 $627,037 $5,017,912 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2022$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2023$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
(1) This amount primarily represents an adjustment to goodwill as a result of the deconsolidation of certain businesses, as described in Note 4.
Schedule of Amortizable intangible assets
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2023DECEMBER 31, 2022
DESCRIPTIONGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNTGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNT
Assets:
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets(1)
$2,144,641 $(933,084)$1,211,557 $2,162,154 $(823,392)$1,338,762 
Customer inducements(1)
47,565 (25,562)22,003 47,794 (26,158)21,636 
Data center lease-based intangible assets(1)(2)
141,628 (95,422)46,206 272,649 (209,902)62,747 
Third-party commissions asset and other(3)
77,638 (39,323)38,315 83,297 (28,581)54,716 
Liabilities:
Data center below-market leases(4)
$10,873 $(5,772)$5,101 $12,831 $(7,806)$5,025 
(1)Included in Customer and supplier relationship and other intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Data center lease-based intangible assets includes Data Center In-Place Leases, Data Center Tenant Relationships and Data Center Above-Market Leases.
(3)Included in Other (within Other Assets, Net) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(4)Included in Other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of Amortization expenses
Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets, revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Customer Inducements and net revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Data Center Above-Market Leases and Data Center Below-Market Leases for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202320222021
Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization associated with:   
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets$153,128 $156,779 $117,761 
Data center in-place leases and tenant relationships22,322 16,955 42,333 
Third-party commissions asset and other12,541 16,148 6,987 
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of:   
Customer inducements and data center above-market and below-market leases$7,036 $8,119 $8,852 
Schedule of Estimated amortization expense for existing intangible assets for the next five succeeding fiscal years
Estimated amortization expense for existing finite-lived intangible assets (excluding Contract Costs, as defined and disclosed in Note 2.s.) is as follows:
 ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
YEARINCLUDED IN DEPRECIATION
AND AMORTIZATION
REVENUE REDUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CUSTOMER INDUCEMENTS
AND DATA CENTER ABOVE-MARKET AND
BELOW-MARKET LEASES
2024$187,933 $5,982 
2025173,432 3,494 
2026156,946 2,607 
2027127,284 2,096 
2028116,387 1,729 
Thereafter533,747 1,343 
Schedule of Assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis
The assets and liabilities carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are as follows:
  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2023 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2023
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$66,008 $— $66,008 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
15,913 — 15,913 — 
Trading Securities9,952 6,149 
(2)
3,803 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
6,359 — 6,359 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
5,769 — 5,769 — 
Deferred Purchase Obligations(5)
208,265 — — 208,265 
  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2022
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
$11,311 $— $11,311 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
1,102 — 1,102 — 
Trading Securities9,462 9,426 
(2)
36 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
51,396 — 51,396 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
489 — 489 — 
Deferred Purchase Obligations(5)
193,033 — — 193,033 
(1)Money market funds and time deposits are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.
(2)Certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.
(3)Certain trading securities are measured based on inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable.
(4)Derivative assets and liabilities include (i) interest rate swap agreements, and (ii) cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rate impacts between the United States dollar and the Euro and certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. Our derivative financial instruments are measured using industry standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, forward and spot prices for currencies and implied volatilities. Credit risk is also factored into the determination of the fair value of our derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 for additional information on our derivative financial instruments.
(5)Primarily relates to the fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation associated with the ITRenew Transaction (each as defined in Note 3), which was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo model and takes into account our forecasted projections as it relates to the underlying performance of the business. The Monte Carlo simulation model incorporates assumptions as to expected gross profits over the applicable achievement period, including adjustments for the volatility of timing and amount of the associated revenue and costs, as well as discount rates that account for the risk of the underlying arrangement and overall market risks. Any material change to these assumptions may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we recorded a change in the estimated fair value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation as described in Note 2.v. The change in value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation during the year ended December 31, 2023 was driven by the accretion of the obligation to present value.
Schedule of Changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net
The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY
 TRANSLATION AND
OTHER ADJUSTMENTS
CHANGE IN FAIR
VALUE OF DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS
TOTAL
Balance as of December 31, 2020$(206,190)$(49,703)$(255,893)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(134,834)— (134,834)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 52,380 52,380 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(134,834)52,380 (82,454)
Balance as of December 31, 2021(341,024)2,677 (338,347)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(113,485)— (113,485)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 9,829 9,829 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(113,485)9,829 (103,656)
Balance as of December 31, 2022(454,509)12,506 (442,003)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments80,881 — 80,881 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (2,454)(2,454)
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, net— (7,580)(7,580)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 80,881 (10,034)70,847 
Balance as of December 31, 2023$(373,628)$2,472 $(371,156)
Schedule of Contract with customer, future amortization expense
Estimated amortization expense for Contract Costs is as follows:
YEAR
ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
2024$61,379 
202544,161 
202623,353 
Schedule of Deferred revenue liabilities
Deferred revenue liabilities are reflected as follows in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTIONLOCATION IN BALANCE SHEET20232022
Deferred revenue - CurrentDeferred revenue$325,665 $328,910 
Deferred revenue - Long-termOther Long-term Liabilities100,770 32,960 
Schedule of Revenue
Storage rental revenue associated with our Global Data Center Business for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Storage rental revenue$474,066 $372,208 $289,592 
Schedule of Payments to be received
The future minimum lease payments we expect to receive under non-cancellable data center operating leases for which we are the lessor, excluding month to month leases, for the next five years are as follows:
YEARFUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS
2024$393,046 
2025388,491 
2026375,800 
2027342,441 
2028296,270 
Schedule of Stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Stock-based compensation expense$73,799 $56,861 $61,001 
Stock-based compensation expense, after tax68,309 52,600 59,243 
Schedule of Stock Option grant assumptions These values were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used for stock option grants in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
STOCK OPTION GRANT ASSUMPTIONS202320222021
Expected volatility(1)
29.1 %28.0 %28.3 %
Risk-free interest rate(2)
3.92 %1.72 %1.45 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
%%%
Expected life(4)
10.0 years10.0 years10.0 years
(1)Expected volatility is calculated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the option.
(2)Risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of the stock options.
(3)Expected dividend yield is considered in the option pricing model and represents our annualized expected per share dividends over the trade price of our common stock at the date of grant.
(4)Expected life of the stock options granted is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
Summary of Stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
 OPTIONSWEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
REMAINING
CONTRACTUAL
TERM (YEARS)
AGGREGATE
INTRINSIC
VALUE
Outstanding at December 31, 20224,226,319 $36.89 
Granted157,132 52.58 
Exercised(322,854)32.66 
Outstanding at December 31, 20234,060,597 $37.84 4.44$130,548 
Options exercisable at December 31, 20233,619,289 $36.85 3.98$119,903 
Options expected to vest441,308 $45.86 8.20$10,645 
Summary of Restricted stock and RSU activity
The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Fair value of RSUs vested$32,664 $27,078 $29,332 
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
 RSUsWEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 20221,306,115 $43.43 
Granted1,035,583 53.02 
Vested(762,683)42.83 
Forfeited(218,751)48.63 
Non-vested at December 31, 20231,360,264 $50.24 
Schedule of Performance stock units
The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202320222021
Fair value of earned PUs that vested$34,896 $20,059 $29,701 
Schedule of Performance unit (PU) activity
A summary of PU activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
 ORIGINAL
PU AWARDS
PU
ADJUSTMENT(1)
TOTAL PU
AWARDS
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE
FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 2022830,173 (484,550)345,623 $45.65 
Granted641,412 — 641,412 55.76 
Prior year grant adjustments for performance(1)
— 160,993 160,993 42.66 
Vested(615,588)— (615,588)56.69 
Forfeited(51,087)— (51,087)53.60 
Non-vested at December 31, 2023804,910 (323,557)481,353 $43.16 
(1)Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs.
Schedule of Other expense (income), net
Other expense (income), net for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202320222021
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net(1)
$36,799 $(61,684)$(15,753)
Debt extinguishment expense— 671 — 
Other, net(2)(3)(4)
71,841 (8,768)(177,051)
Other expense (income), net
$108,640 $(69,781)$(192,804)
(1)The gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable measurement date, includes gains or losses primarily related to (i) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested, and (ii) borrowings in certain foreign currencies under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 7).
(2)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2023 consists primarily of a loss of approximately $38,000 associated with the remeasurement to fair value of our previously held equity interest in the Clutter JV (as defined and discussed in Note 5), as well as losses on our equity method investments and the change in value of the Deferred Purchase Obligation.
(3)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2022 consists primarily of (i) a gain of approximately $93,600 associated with the remeasurement of the Deferred Purchase Obligation to the present value of our best estimate of fair value and (ii) a gain of approximately $35,800 associated with the Clutter Transaction (as defined in Note 5), partially offset by (iii) a loss of approximately $105,800 associated with the OSG Deconsolidation (as defined in Note 4) and (iv) losses on our equity method investments.
(4)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists primarily of (i) a gain of approximately $179,000 associated with our IPM Divestment (as defined in Note 4) and (ii) a gain of approximately $20,300 associated with the loss of control and related deconsolidation, as of May 18, 2021, of one of our wholly-owned Netherlands subsidiaries, for which we had value-added tax liability exposure that was recorded in 2019, partially offset by (iii) losses on our equity method investments.
Schedule of Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to the entity
The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202320222021
Net Income (Loss)$187,263 $562,149 $452,725 
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests3,029 5,168 2,506 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)$184,234 $556,981 $450,219 
Weighted-average shares—basic291,936,000 290,812,000 289,457,000 
Effect of dilutive potential stock options1,435,000 1,125,068 645,886 
Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs594,000 507,109 872,204 
Weighted-average shares—diluted293,965,000 292,444,177 290,975,090 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated:   
Basic$0.63 $1.92 $1.56 
Diluted$0.63 $1.90 $1.55 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation81,817 305,527 1,447,722