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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves
The rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
BALANCE AT
BEGINNING OF
THE YEAR
CREDIT MEMOS
CHARGED TO
REVENUE
ALLOWANCE FOR
BAD DEBTS CHARGED
TO EXPENSE
DEDUCTIONS
AND OTHER(1)
BALANCE AT
END OF
THE YEAR
2024$74,762 $104,130 $45,123 $(137,303)$86,712 
202354,143 92,881 32,692 (104,954)74,762 
202262,009 62,891 13,666 (84,423)54,143 
(1)Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos, the write-off of accounts receivable and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.
Schedule of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities with items greater than 5% of total current liabilities are shown separately and consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20242023
Current portion of operating lease liabilities$315,400 $291,795 
Accrued compensation and benefits244,499 242,992 
Dividends222,649 202,392 
Interest164,336 175,218 
Deferred purchase obligations, purchase price holdbacks and other137,207 171,273 
Other282,477 166,589 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$1,366,568 $1,250,259 
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment at cost
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method with the following useful lives (in years):
DESCRIPTIONRANGE
Buildings, building improvements and data center infrastructure
5 to 40
Leasehold improvements
5 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Racking structures
1 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)
Warehouse equipment/vehicles
1 to 10
Furniture and fixtures
1 to 10
Computer hardware and software
2 to 7
Property, plant and equipment (including financing leases in the respective categories), at cost, consist of the following:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20242023
Land$670,529 $536,780 
Buildings, building improvements and data center infrastructure4,768,835 3,819,241 
Leasehold improvements1,536,919 1,166,810 
Racking structures1,978,923 2,054,046 
Warehouse equipment/vehicles644,340 526,965 
Furniture and fixtures45,918 46,094 
Computer hardware and software751,627 601,273 
Construction in progress1,588,906 1,622,780 
Property, plant and equipment$11,985,997 $10,373,989 
Schedule of Contract Fulfillment Costs and related amortization During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, capitalized interest is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Capitalized interest$63,333 $44,845 $14,078 
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Capitalized costs associated with the development of internal use computer software projects$69,055 $64,488 $44,152 
Contract Costs, which are included as a component of Other within Other Assets, Net as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2024DECEMBER 31, 2023
DESCRIPTIONGROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING
AMOUNT
GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT
ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION
NET
CARRYING AMOUNT
Intake Costs asset$89,057 $(43,783)$45,274 $76,150 $(39,617)$36,533 
Commissions asset200,149 (78,955)121,194 156,639 (64,279)92,360 
Amortization expense associated with the Intake Costs and Commissions assets for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202420232022
Intake Costs asset$22,114 $18,904 $18,117 
Commissions asset54,841 43,413 40,612 
Schedule of Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
 DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION20242023
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
$2,489,893 $2,696,024 
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(2)(3)
359,265 304,600 
Liabilities:
Current
Operating lease liabilities$315,400 $291,795 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
128,397 39,089 
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities$2,334,826 $2,562,394 
Financing lease liabilities(3)
278,444 310,776 
(1)At December 31, 2024 and 2023, these assets are comprised of approximately 99% real estate related assets (which include land, buildings, data center infrastructure and racking structures) and 1% non-real estate related assets (which include warehouse equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and computer hardware and software).
(2)At December 31, 2024, these assets are comprised of approximately 58% real estate related assets and 42% non-real estate related assets. At December 31, 2023, these assets are comprised of approximately 68% real estate related assets and 32% non-real estate related assets.
(3)Financing lease right-of-use assets, current financing lease liabilities and long-term financing lease liabilities are included within Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term Debt, net of current portion, respectively, within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of Lease terms and discount rates/Other lease information
The components of the lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTION202420232022
Operating lease cost(1)
$682,960 $660,889 $574,115 
Financing lease cost:
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets$50,548 $42,089 $42,708 
Interest expense for financing lease liabilities21,949 18,638 17,329 
(1)Operating lease cost, the majority of which is included in Cost of sales, includes variable lease costs of $163,916, $142,154 and $119,184 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2024DECEMBER 31, 2023
OPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASESOPERATING LEASESFINANCING LEASES
Remaining Lease Term9.9 years7.8 years10.6 years9.2 years
Discount Rate6.8 %6.3 %6.6 %6.1 %
Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
CASH PAID FOR AMOUNTS INCLUDED IN MEASUREMENT OF LEASE LIABILITIES:202420232022
Operating cash flows used in operating leases$473,474 $450,412 $409,163 
Operating cash flows used in financing leases (interest)21,949 18,638 17,329 
Financing cash flows used in financing leases54,366 52,284 44,869 
NON-CASH ITEMS:
Operating lease modifications and reassessments$29,345 $86,948 $179,094 
New operating leases (including acquisitions and sale-leaseback transactions) 118,813 306,479 540,830 
Schedule of Operating lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2025$479,248 $(5,471)$143,971 
2026447,698 (3,469)55,849 
2027409,142 (2,980)45,534 
2028364,352 (2,135)81,501 
2029327,061 (1,331)33,958 
Thereafter1,669,671 (1,402)125,841 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)3,697,172 $(16,788)486,654 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,046,946 79,813 
Present value of lease obligations$2,650,226 $406,841 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Schedule of Finance lease maturity table
The estimated minimum future lease payments (receipts) as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
YEAR
OPERATING LEASES(1)
SUBLEASE INCOME
FINANCING LEASES(1)
2025$479,248 $(5,471)$143,971 
2026447,698 (3,469)55,849 
2027409,142 (2,980)45,534 
2028364,352 (2,135)81,501 
2029327,061 (1,331)33,958 
Thereafter1,669,671 (1,402)125,841 
Total minimum lease payments (receipts)3,697,172 $(16,788)486,654 
Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest1,046,946 79,813 
Present value of lease obligations$2,650,226 $406,841 
(1)Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes.
Schedule of Long-Lived Assets Held-for-sale
Loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net
$6,196 $(12,825)$(93,268)
Primarily consists of(1):
Losses related to the disposal of assets associated with facility consolidations.
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $19,500, of which approximately $18,500 relates to a sale-leaseback transaction of a facility in Singapore during the first quarter of 2023. These gains are partially offset by losses related to the disposal of assets associated with facility consolidations.
Gains associated with sale and sale-leaseback transactions of approximately $94,500, of which (i) approximately $49,000 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 11 facilities and parcels of land in the United States during the second quarter of 2022, (ii) approximately $17,000 relates to sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities in the United States and one in Canada during the third quarter of 2022 and (iii) approximately $28,500 relates to sale and sale-leaseback transactions of 12 facilities and one parcel of land in the United States and one facility in the United Kingdom during the fourth quarter of 2022.
(1) The gains recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are the result of our program to monetize a small portion of our industrial assets through sale and sale-leaseback transactions. The terms for these leases are consistent with the terms of our lease portfolio, which are disclosed in Note 2.j.
Schedule of Carrying value of goodwill, net for each of the reporting units
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNIT
CARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023
Global RIM BusinessNorth America RIM$2,694,093 
Europe RIM541,860 
MENATSA RIM26,502 
Latin America RIM120,119 
APAC RIM496,944 
Entertainment Services32,427 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center478,930 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts47,535 
ALM579,502 
Total$5,017,912 
The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2024 is as follows:
SEGMENTREPORTING UNIT
CARRYING VALUE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024
Global RIM BusinessNorth America RIM$2,675,999 
Europe RIM542,521 
Latin America RIM99,599 
APAC RIM467,059 
Media and Archive Services31,696 
Global Data Center BusinessGlobal Data Center469,461 
Corporate and OtherFine Arts47,925 
ALM749,557 
Total$5,083,817 
Schedule of Changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
 GLOBAL RIM
BUSINESS
GLOBAL
DATA CENTER
BUSINESS
CORPORATE
AND OTHER
TOTAL
CONSOLIDATED
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2022
$3,852,946 $418,502 $611,286 $4,882,734 
Tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 11,928 11,928 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year21,594 56,674 383 78,651 
Fair value and other adjustments(80)— 2,333 2,253 
Currency effects37,485 3,754 1,107 42,346 
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2023
3,911,945 478,930 627,037 5,017,912 
Tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 132,891 132,891 
Non-tax deductible goodwill acquired during the year— — 39,646 39,646 
Fair value and other adjustments372 (186)(186)— 
Currency effects(95,443)(9,283)(1,906)(106,632)
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2024
$3,816,874 $469,461 $797,482 $5,083,817 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2023$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2024$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 
Schedule of Amortizable intangible assets
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are as follows:
DECEMBER 31, 2024DECEMBER 31, 2023
DESCRIPTIONGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNTGROSS CARRYING AMOUNTACCUMULATED AMORTIZATIONNET CARRYING AMOUNT
Assets:
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets(1)
$2,268,949 $(1,035,846)$1,233,103 $2,144,641 $(933,084)$1,211,557 
Customer inducements(1)
38,782 (19,706)19,076 47,565 (25,562)22,003 
Data center lease-based intangible assets(1)(2)
138,714 (116,162)22,552 141,628 (95,422)46,206 
Third-party commissions asset and other(3)
86,314 (51,508)34,806 77,638 (39,323)38,315 
Liabilities:
Data center below-market leases(4)
$10,819 $(7,275)$3,544 $10,873 $(5,772)$5,101 
(1)Included in Customer and supplier relationship and other intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Data center lease-based intangible assets includes Data Center In-Place Leases, Data Center Tenant Relationships and Data Center Above-Market Leases.
(3)Included in Other (within Other Assets, Net) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(4)Included in Other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Schedule of Amortization expenses
Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets, revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Customer Inducements and net revenue reduction associated with the amortization of Data Center Above-Market Leases and Data Center Below-Market Leases for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202420232022
Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization associated with:   
Customer and supplier relationship intangible assets$155,872 $153,128 $156,779 
Data center in-place leases and tenant relationships22,304 22,322 16,955 
Third-party commissions asset and other16,478 12,541 16,148 
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of:   
Customer inducements and data center above-market and below-market leases$5,347 $7,036 $8,119 
Schedule of Estimated amortization expense for existing intangible assets for the next five succeeding fiscal years
Estimated amortization expense for existing finite-lived intangible assets (excluding Contract Costs, as defined in Note 2.s.) is as follows:
 ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
YEARINCLUDED IN DEPRECIATION
AND AMORTIZATION
REVENUE REDUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CUSTOMER INDUCEMENTS
AND DATA CENTER ABOVE-MARKET AND
BELOW-MARKET LEASES
2025$178,310 $4,493 
2026150,079 3,887 
2027131,057 2,838 
2028121,642 1,400 
2029107,935 1,114 
Thereafter601,323 1,915 
Schedule of Assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis
The assets and liabilities carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are as follows:
  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2024 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2024
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 
SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)(6)
Money Market Funds(1)
$2,488 $— $2,488 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
9,612 — 9,612 — 
Trading Securities8,144 6,390 
(2)
1,754 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
28,092 — 28,092 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
5,326 — 5,326 — 
Deferred Purchase Obligations(5)
147,055 — — 147,055 
  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2023 USING
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL CARRYING
VALUE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2023
QUOTED PRICES IN
ACTIVE MARKETS
(LEVEL 1)
 SIGNIFICANT OTHER
OBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 2)
 
SIGNIFICANT
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
(LEVEL 3)(6)
Money Market Funds(1)
$66,008 $— $66,008 $— 
Time Deposits(1)
15,913 — 15,913 — 
Trading Securities9,952 6,149 
(2)
3,803 
(3)
— 
Derivative Assets(4)
6,359 — 6,359 — 
Derivative Liabilities(4)
5,769 — 5,769 — 
Deferred Purchase Obligations(5)
208,265 — — 208,265 
(1)Money market funds and time deposits are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.
(2)Certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.
(3)Certain trading securities are measured based on inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable.
(4)Derivative assets and liabilities include (i) interest rate swap agreements, and (ii) cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rate impacts between the United States dollar and certain of our foreign functional currencies, including the Euro and the Canadian dollar. Our derivative financial instruments are measured using industry standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, forward and spot prices for currencies and implied volatilities. See Note 6 for additional information on our derivative financial instruments.
(5)Primarily relates to the fair values of the deferred purchase obligations associated with the ITRenew Transaction and the Regency Transaction (each as defined in Note 3).
(6)The following is a rollforward of the Level 3 liabilities presented above for December 31, 2023 through December 31, 2024:
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$208,265 
Additions63,700 
Payments(158,775)
Other changes33,865 
Balance as of December 31, 2024
$147,055 
Schedule of Changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net
The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY
 TRANSLATION AND
OTHER ADJUSTMENTS
CHANGE IN FAIR
VALUE OF DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS
TOTAL
Balance as of December 31, 2021$(341,024)$2,677 $(338,347)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(113,485)— (113,485)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— 9,829 9,829 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(113,485)9,829 (103,656)
Balance as of December 31, 2022(454,509)12,506 (442,003)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments80,881 — 80,881 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (2,454)(2,454)
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, net— (7,580)(7,580)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)80,881 (10,034)70,847 
Balance as of December 31, 2023(373,628)2,472 (371,156)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(194,501)— (194,501)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (1,767)(1,767)
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, net— (2,528)(2,528)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income (194,501)(4,295)(198,796)
Balance as of December 31, 2024$(568,129)$(1,823)$(569,952)
Schedule of Contract with customer, future amortization expense
Estimated amortization expense for Contract Costs is as follows:
YEAR
ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION
2025$85,924 
202656,997 
202723,547 
Schedule of Deferred revenue liabilities
Deferred revenue liabilities, which also include deferred revenues primarily related to contracts within our Global Data Center Business accounted for under ASC 842 (as described below), are reflected as follows in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
DECEMBER 31,
DESCRIPTIONLOCATION IN BALANCE SHEET2024
2023(1)
Deferred revenue - Current(2)
Deferred revenue$326,882 $325,665 
Deferred revenue - Long-term(3)
Other Long-term Liabilities110,601 100,770 
(1)The beginning balance of current and long-term deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $328,910 and $32,960, respectively.
(2)The current deferred revenue accounted for under ASC 842 is approximately $25,500 and $44,200 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(3)The long-term deferred revenue accounted for under ASC 842 is approximately $95,000 and $70,900 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Schedule of Revenue
Storage rental revenue associated with our Global Data Center Business for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Storage rental revenue$606,294 $474,066 $372,208 
Schedule of Payments to be received
The future minimum lease payments we expect to receive under non-cancellable data center operating leases for which we are the lessor, excluding month to month leases, for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
YEAR
FUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS(1)
2025$479,296 
2026433,670 
2027429,431 
2028399,736 
2029366,612 
Thereafter2,300,334 
(1)Future minimum lease payments we expect to receive exclude contingent and variable costs such as taxes, insurance and common area maintenance, which are included in our total storage revenue. These amounts also exclude $1,745,958 in total expected future minimum lease payments for non-cancellable leases that have not yet commenced, which we expect to receive over a weighed average period of 15 years.
Schedule of Stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Stock-based compensation expense$118,138 $73,799 $56,861 
Stock-based compensation expense, after tax109,252 68,309 52,600 
Schedule of Stock Option grant assumptions These values were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used for stock option grants in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
STOCK OPTION GRANT ASSUMPTIONS202420232022
Expected volatility(1)
28.6 %29.1 %28.0 %
Risk-free interest rate(2)
4.25 %3.92 %1.72 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
3.2 %4.7 %5.0 %
Expected life(4)
10.0 years10.0 years10.0 years
(1)Expected volatility is calculated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the option.
(2)Risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of the stock options.
(3)Expected dividend yield is considered in the option pricing model and represents our annualized expected per share dividends over the trade price of our common stock at the date of grant.
(4)Expected life of the stock options granted is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
Summary of Stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
 OPTIONSWEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
REMAINING
CONTRACTUAL
TERM (YEARS)
AGGREGATE
INTRINSIC
VALUE
Outstanding at December 31, 20234,060,597 $37.84 
Granted83,054 81.03 
Exercised(433,732)45.95 
Outstanding at December 31, 20243,709,919 $37.85 3.89$249,538 
Options exercisable at December 31, 20243,451,625 $36.12 3.57$238,128 
Options expected to vest258,294 $60.93 8.22$11,410 
Summary of Restricted stock and RSU activity
The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Fair value of RSUs vested$29,852 $32,664 $27,078 
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
 RSUsWEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 20231,360,264 $50.24 
Granted712,061 83.78 
Vested(647,901)46.07 
Forfeited(230,049)62.87 
Non-vested at December 31, 20241,194,375 $70.06 
Schedule of Performance stock units
The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
202420232022
Fair value of earned PUs that vested$24,617 $34,896 $20,059 
Schedule of Performance unit (PU) activity
A summary of PU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
 ORIGINAL
PU AWARDS
PU
ADJUSTMENT(1)
TOTAL PU
AWARDS
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
GRANT-DATE
FAIR VALUE
Non-vested at December 31, 2023804,910 (323,557)481,353 $43.16 
Granted462,501 — 462,501 92.01 
Prior year grant adjustments for performance(1)
— 273,653 273,653 52.33 
Vested(574,225)— (574,225)42.87 
Forfeited(81,254)— (81,254)76.29 
Non-vested at December 31, 2024611,932 (49,904)562,028 $83.33 
(1)Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs.
Schedule of Other expense (income), net
Other expense (income), net for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 consists of the following:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202420232022
Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net(1)
$(39,064)$36,799 $(61,684)
Debt extinguishment expense5,678 — 671 
Other, net(2)(3)(4)
76,808 71,841 (8,768)
Other expense (income), net
$43,422 $108,640 $(69,781)
(1)The gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable measurement date, includes gains or losses primarily related to (i) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested, and (ii) borrowings in certain foreign currencies under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 7).
(2)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily consists of (i) a loss of approximately $41,000 due to the change in value of our deferred purchase obligations and other deferred payments, (ii) approximately $29,200 in charges associated with the agreement to purchase the remaining interest in the Web Werks JV (as defined and discussed in Note 3) and (iii) losses on our equity method investments.
(3)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2023 consists primarily of a loss of approximately $38,000 associated with the remeasurement to fair value of our previously held equity interest in the Clutter JV (as defined and discussed in Note 3), as well as losses on our equity method investments and the change in value of our deferred purchase obligations.
(4)Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2022 consists primarily of (i) a gain of approximately $93,600 associated with the remeasurement of the deferred purchase obligation associated with the ITRenew Transaction to the present value of our best estimate of fair value and (ii) a gain of approximately $35,800 associated with the Clutter Transaction (as defined in Note 3), partially offset by (iii) a loss of approximately $105,800 associated with the OSG Deconsolidation (as defined in Note 4) and (iv) losses on our equity method investments.
Schedule of Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to the entity
The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 202420232022
Net Income (Loss)$183,666 $187,263 $562,149 
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests3,510 3,029 5,168 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)$180,156 $184,234 $556,981 
Weighted-average shares—basic293,365,000 291,936,000 290,812,000 
Effect of dilutive potential stock options2,241,000 1,435,000 1,125,068 
Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs628,000 594,000 507,109 
Weighted-average shares—diluted296,234,000 293,965,000 292,444,177 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated:   
Basic$0.61 $0.63 $1.92 
Diluted$0.61 $0.63 $1.90 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation225,847 81,817 305,527