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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file number 1-44
ARCHER-DANIELS-MIDLAND CO MPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 41-0129150
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)
77 West Wacker Drive, Suite 4600 |  |
Chicago, | Illinois |  | 60601
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(312) 634-8100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value | ADM | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐
Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, no par value – 556,974,059 shares
(July 31, 2019)

SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, expressed, or implied by such forward-looking information. Risks and uncertainties that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as may be updated in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. To the extent permitted under applicable law, the Company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (In millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 32,594 |
Cost of products sold | 15,325 |  |  | 15,887 |  |  | 29,701 |  |  | 30,524 |
Gross Profit | 972 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,900 |  |  | 2,070 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 602 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 1,073 |
Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs | 136 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 40 |
Interest expense | 109 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 180 |
Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated affiliates | (90 | ) |  | (100 | ) |  | (191 | ) |  | (247 | )
Interest income | (46 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (95 | ) |  | (75 | )
Other (income) expense – net | (13 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (17 | )
Earnings Before Income Taxes | 274 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 1,116 |
Income taxes | 36 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 154 |
Net Earnings Including Noncontrolling Interests | 238 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 962 |
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Net Earnings Attributable to Controlling Interests | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 959 |
Average number of shares outstanding – basic | 565 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 564 |
Average number of shares outstanding – diluted | 566 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 566 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |
Dividends per common share | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.335 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
3

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (In millions)
Net earnings including noncontrolling interests | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 962 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 94 |  |  | (402 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | (191 | )
Tax effect | 7 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (22 | )
Net of tax amount | 101 |  |  | (421 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (213 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities adjustment | (4 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 15 |
Tax effect | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | (4 | )
Net of tax amount | (2 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 11 |
Deferred gain (loss) on hedging activities | 14 |  |  | (64 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | (89 | )
Tax effect | (7 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 21 |
Net of tax amount | 7 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | (68 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 7 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | )
Tax effect | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Net of tax amount | 6 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (4 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 112 |  |  | (460 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (274 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) including noncontrolling interests | 350 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 688 |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interests | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 444 |  |  | $ | 685 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 849 |  |  | $ | 1,997 |
Short-term marketable securities | 4 |  |  | 6 |
Segregated cash and investments | 4,381 |  |  | 4,506 |
Trade receivables | 2,433 |  |  | 2,233 |
Inventories | 8,294 |  |  | 8,813 |
Other current assets | 3,587 |  |  | 3,033 |
Total Current Assets | 19,548 |  |  | 20,588 |
Investments and Other Assets |  |  |  |  |
Investments in and advances to affiliates | 5,449 |  |  | 5,317 |
Long-term marketable securities | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | 5,545 |  |  | 4,041 |
Other assets | 1,821 |  |  | 927 |
Total Investments and Other Assets | 12,823 |  |  | 10,292 |
Property, Plant, and Equipment |  |  |  |  |
Land and land improvements | 587 |  |  | 545 |
Buildings | 5,455 |  |  | 5,171 |
Machinery and equipment | 18,768 |  |  | 18,399 |
Construction in progress | 1,028 |  |  | 987 |
| 25,838 |  |  | 25,102 |
Accumulated depreciation | (15,593 | ) |  | (15,149 | )
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment | 10,245 |  |  | 9,953 |
Total Assets | $ | 42,616 |  |  | $ | 40,833 |
Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 1,699 |  |  | $ | 108 |
Trade payables | 3,067 |  |  | 3,545 |
Payables to brokerage customers | 4,696 |  |  | 4,628 |
Accrued expenses and other payables | 3,128 |  |  | 2,913 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 12 |  |  | 582 |
Total Current Liabilities | 12,602 |  |  | 11,776 |
Long-Term Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt | 7,701 |  |  | 7,698 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,305 |  |  | 1,067 |
Other | 1,976 |  |  | 1,247 |
Total Long-Term Liabilities | 10,982 |  |  | 10,012 |
Temporary Equity - Redeemable noncontrolling interest | 53 |  |  | 49 |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 2,588 |  |  | 2,560 |
Reinvested earnings | 18,497 |  |  | 18,527 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (2,130 | ) |  | (2,106 | )
Noncontrolling interests | 24 |  |  | 15 |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | 18,979 |  |  | 18,996 |
Total Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 42,616 |  |  | $ | 40,833 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

(In millions) | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Operating Activities |  |  |
Net earnings including noncontrolling interests | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 962 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 493 |  |  | 474 |
Asset impairment charges | 44 |  |  | 33 |
Deferred income taxes | 11 |  |  | (92 | )
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of dividends | (60 | ) |  | (84 | )
Stock compensation expense | 45 |  |  | 63 |
Deferred cash flow hedges | (63 | ) |  | (90 | )
Gains on sales of assets and businesses | (30 | ) |  | (12 | )
Other – net | 104 |  |  | (116 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Segregated investments | 113 |  |  | 729 |
Trade receivables | 129 |  |  | (30 | )
Inventories | 852 |  |  | 1,156 |
Deferred consideration in securitized receivables | (3,613 | ) |  | (4,107 | )
Other current assets | (467 | ) |  | (519 | )
Trade payables | (742 | ) |  | (1,265 | )
Payables to brokerage customers | 71 |  |  | (664 | )
Accrued expenses and other payables | (72 | ) |  | 383 |
Total Operating Activities | (2,713 | ) |  | (3,179 | )
Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment | (383 | ) |  | (379 | )
Proceeds from sales of business and assets | 23 |  |  | 26 |
Net assets of businesses acquired | (1,944 | ) |  | — |
Purchases of marketable securities | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 67 |  |  | — |
Investments in and advances to affiliates | (10 | ) |  | (132 | )
Investments in retained interest in securitized receivables | (2,590 | ) |  | (2,184 | )
Proceeds from retained interest in securitized receivables | 6,203 |  |  | 6,212 |
Other – net | (18 | ) |  | 7 |
Total Investing Activities | 1,346 |  |  | 3,548 |
Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt borrowings | 2 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt payments | (611 | ) |  | (6 | )
Net borrowings (payments) under lines of credit agreements | 1,413 |  |  | 196 |
Share repurchases | (94 | ) |  | — |
Cash dividends | (395 | ) |  | (379 | )
Other – net | (42 | ) |  | 13 |
Total Financing Activities | 273 |  |  | (176 | )
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | (1,094 | ) |  | 193 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period | 3,843 |  |  | 1,858 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents - end of period | $ | 2,749 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents to the consolidated balance sheets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 849 |  |  | $ | 851 |
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents included in segregated cash and investments | 1,900 |  |  | 1,200 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 2,749 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing Activity: |  |  |
Retained interest in securitized receivables | $ | 3,662 |  |  | $ | 3,978 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6

Archer-Daniels-Midland-Company
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Reinvested Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions, except per share amounts) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | 560 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 18,553 |  |  | $ | (2,242 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 18,910 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 350 |
Dividends paid - $0.35 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | (197 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (197 | )
Share repurchases | (2 | ) |  |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (94 | )
Stock compensation expense | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Other | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Balance, June 30, 2019 | 558 |  |  | $ | 2,588 |  |  | $ | 18,497 |  |  | $ | (2,130 | ) |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 18,979 |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | 559 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | 18,527 |  |  | $ | (2,106 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 18,996 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 468 |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 448 |
Dividends paid - $0.70 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | (395 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (395 | )
Share repurchases | (2 | ) |  |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (94 | )
Stock compensation expense | 1 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45 |
Other |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | (21 | )
Balance, June 30, 2019 | 558 |  |  | $ | 2,588 |  |  | $ | 18,497 |  |  | $ | (2,130 | ) |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 18,979 |
Balance, March 31, 2018 | 559 |  |  | $ | 2,428 |  |  | $ | 17,755 |  |  | $ | (1,451 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 18,737 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 566 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (460 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |
Dividends paid - $0.335 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | (189 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (189 | )
Stock compensation expense | — |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |
Other | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 24 |
Balance, June 30, 2018 | 559 |  |  | $ | 2,489 |  |  | $ | 18,132 |  |  | $ | (1,911 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 18,712 |
Balance, December 31, 2017 | 557 |  |  | $ | 2,398 |  |  | $ | 17,552 |  |  | $ | (1,637 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 18,322 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 959 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (274 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 688 |
Dividends paid - $0.67 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | (379 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (379 | )
Stock compensation expense | 1 |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |
Other | 1 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 18 |
Balance, June 30, 2018 | 559 |  |  | $ | 2,489 |  |  | $ | 18,132 |  |  | $ | (1,911 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 18,712 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

Note 1. | Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates all entities, including variable interest entities (VIEs), in which it has a controlling financial interest. For VIEs, the Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary as defined under the applicable accounting standard. Investments in affiliates, including VIEs through which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control the investee and is not the primary beneficiary of the investee’s activities, are carried at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings since acquisition and are adjusted, where appropriate, for basis differences between the investment balance and the underlying net assets of the investee. The Company’s portion of the results of certain affiliates and results of certain VIEs are included using the most recent available financial statements. In each case, the financial statements are within 93 days of the Company’s year end and are consistent from period to period.
Segregated Cash and Investments
The Company segregates certain cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances in accordance with regulatory requirements, commodity exchange requirements, and insurance arrangements. These balances represent deposits received from customers of the Company’s registered futures commission merchant and commodity brokerage services, cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses, and cash pledged as security under certain insurance arrangements. Segregated cash and investments also include restricted cash collateral for the various insurance programs of the Company’s captive insurance business. To the degree these segregated balances are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows.
Last-in, First-out (LIFO) Inventories
Interim period LIFO calculations are based on interim period costs and management’s estimates of year-end inventory levels. Because the availability and price of agricultural commodity-based LIFO inventories are unpredictable due to factors such as weather, government farm programs and policies, and changes in global demand, quantities of LIFO-based inventories at interim periods may vary significantly from management’s estimates of year-end inventory levels.
8

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 2. | New Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new guidance of ASC Topic 842, Leases (Topic 842), which superseded ASC Topic 840, Leases. Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases. The Company adopted Topic 842 using the optional transition method that allows entities to forgo the comparative reporting requirements under the modified retrospective transition method. In addition, the Company elected to apply the package of practical expedients that allows entities to forego reassessing at the transition date: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) whether unamortized initial direct costs for existing leases meet the definition of initial direct costs under the new guidance. The Company also elected to use the practical expedient that allows the combination of lease and non-lease contract components in all of its underlying asset categories, as well as the optional transition practical expedient that permits entities to continue applying current accounting policy for land easements that existed as of or expired before January 1, 2019. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recording of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $793 million and $795 million, respectively, at January 1, 2019. The new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings and had no impact on the consolidated statement of cash flows. For more information about the adoption of Topic 842, see Note 12.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the amended guidance of ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), which allows the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”), eliminating the stranded tax effects resulting from the Act and improving the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. In addition, the Company is required to disclose: (1) a description of its accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income; (2) whether it elects to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Act; and (3) information about other income tax effects related to the application of the Act that are reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings, if any. The Company has made a policy election to not release income tax effects from accumulated comprehensive income, including the stranded income tax effects resulting from the Act.

Note 3. | Pending Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company will be required to adopt the amended guidance of ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring more timely recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The amended guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is evaluating its current accounting policy of recording allowance for doubtful accounts for short-term and long-term receivables for compliance with the amended guidance. Based on that evaluation, the Company does not expect the adoption of this amended guidance to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial results.
Effective January 1, 2020, the Company will be required to adopt the amended guidance of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this amended guidance will not impact the Company’s financial results.
Effective December 31, 2020, the Company will be required to adopt the amended guidance of ASC Subtopic 715-20, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General, which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this amended guidance will not impact the Company’s financial results.
9

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues

Revenue Recognition
The Company principally generates revenue from merchandising and transporting agricultural commodities and manufactured products used as ingredients in food, feed, energy, and industrial products. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company follows a policy of recognizing revenue at a single point in time when it satisfies its performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers have one performance obligation and a contract duration of one year or less. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 10-50-14 of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. For transportation service contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, or container freight moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Topic 610-20).
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs related to contracts with customers for sale of goods are accounted for as a fulfillment activity and are included in cost of products sold. Accordingly, amounts billed to customers for such costs are included as a component of revenues.
Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities
The Company does not include taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers, in the measurement of transactions prices or as a component of revenues and cost of products sold.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities relate to advance payments from customers for goods and services that the Company has yet to provide. Contract liabilities of $367 million and $501 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were recorded in accrued expenses and other payables in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities recognized as revenues were $160 million and $326 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively and $183 million and $509 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
10

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues (Continued)

Disaggregation of Revenues
The following tables present revenue disaggregated by timing of recognition and major product lines for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Topic 606 Revenue | Topic 815(1) | Total
| Point in Time | Over Time | Total | Revenue | Revenues
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 809 |  | $ | 65 |  | $ | 874 |  | $ | 5,544 |  | $ | 6,418 |
Transportation | — |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | — |  | 63 |
Total Origination | 809 |  | 128 |  | 937 |  | 5,544 |  | 6,481 |
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 200 |  | — |  | 200 |  | 3,413 |  | 3,613 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 525 |  | — |  | 525 |  | 1,609 |  | 2,134 |
Total Oilseeds | 725 |  | — |  | 725 |  | 5,022 |  | 5,747 |
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 1,260 |  | — |  | 1,260 |  | 424 |  | 1,684 |
Bioproducts | 757 |  | — |  | 757 |  | — |  | 757 |
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 2,017 |  | — |  | 2,017 |  | 424 |  | 2,441 |
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 728 |  | — |  | 728 |  | — |  | 728 |
Animal Nutrition | 796 |  | — |  | 796 |  | — |  | 796 |
Total Nutrition | 1,524 |  | — |  | 1,524 |  | — |  | 1,524 |
Other | 104 |  | — |  | 104 |  | — |  | 104 |
Total Revenues | $ | 5,179 |  | $ | 128 |  | $ | 5,307 |  | $ | 10,990 |  | $ | 16,297 |

11

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues (Continued)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Topic 606 Revenue | Topic 815(1) | Total
| Point in Time | Over Time | Total | Revenue | Revenues
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 1,140 |  | $ | 114 |  | $ | 1,254 |  | $ | 11,222 |  | $ | 12,476 |
Transportation | — |  | 129 |  | 129 |  | — |  | 129 |
Total Origination | 1,140 |  | 243 |  | 1,383 |  | 11,222 |  | 12,605 |
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 371 |  | — |  | 371 |  | 6,498 |  | 6,869 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 1,037 |  | — |  | 1,037 |  | 3,255 |  | 4,292 |
Total Oilseeds | 1,408 |  | — |  | 1,408 |  | 9,753 |  | 11,161 |
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 2,459 |  | — |  | 2,459 |  | 847 |  | 3,306 |
Bioproducts | 1,538 |  | — |  | 1,538 |  | — |  | 1,538 |
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 3,997 |  | — |  | 3,997 |  | 847 |  | 4,844 |
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 1,402 |  | — |  | 1,402 |  | — |  | 1,402 |
Animal Nutrition | 1,404 |  | — |  | 1,404 |  | — |  | 1,404 |
Total Nutrition | 2,806 |  | — |  | 2,806 |  | — |  | 2,806 |
Other | 185 |  | — |  | 185 |  | — |  | 185 |
Total Revenues | $ | 9,536 |  | $ | 243 |  | $ | 9,779 |  | $ | 21,822 |  | $ | 31,601 |

12

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues (Continued)

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Topic 606 Revenue | Topic 815(1) | Total
| Point in Time | Over Time | Total | Revenue | Revenues
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 561 |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | 5,956 |  | $ | 6,577 |
Transportation | — |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | — |  | 63 |
Total Origination | 561 |  | 123 |  | 684 |  | 5,956 |  | 6,640 |
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 131 |  | — |  | 131 |  | 4,243 |  | 4,374 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 581 |  | — |  | 581 |  | 1,707 |  | 2,288 |
Total Oilseeds | 712 |  | — |  | 712 |  | 5,950 |  | 6,662 |
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 1,281 |  | — |  | 1,281 |  | 423 |  | 1,704 |
Bioproducts | 943 |  | — |  | 943 |  | — |  | 943 |
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 2,224 |  | — |  | 2,224 |  | 423 |  | 2,647 |
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 693 |  | — |  | 693 |  | — |  | 693 |
Animal Nutrition | 325 |  | — |  | 325 |  | — |  | 325 |
Total Nutrition | 1,018 |  | — |  | 1,018 |  | — |  | 1,018 |
Other | 101 |  | — |  | 101 |  | — |  | 101 |
Total Revenues | $ | 4,616 |  | $ | 123 |  | $ | 4,739 |  | $ | 12,329 |  | $ | 17,068 |

13

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues (Continued)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Topic 606 Revenue | Topic 815(1) | Total
| Point in Time | Over Time | Total | Revenue | Revenues
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 1,232 |  | $ | 122 |  | $ | 1,354 |  | $ | 11,435 |  | $ | 12,789 |
Transportation | — |  | 118 |  | 118 |  | — |  | 118 |
Total Origination | 1,232 |  | 240 |  | 1,472 |  | 11,435 |  | 12,907 |
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 317 |  | — |  | 317 |  | 7,342 |  | 7,659 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 1,108 |  | — |  | 1,108 |  | 3,497 |  | 4,605 |
Total Oilseeds | 1,425 |  | — |  | 1,425 |  | 10,839 |  | 12,264 |
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 2,438 |  | — |  | 2,438 |  | 904 |  | 3,342 |
Bioproducts | 1,906 |  | — |  | 1,906 |  | — |  | 1,906 |
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 4,344 |  | — |  | 4,344 |  | 904 |  | 5,248 |
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 1,329 |  | — |  | 1,329 |  | — |  | 1,329 |
Animal Nutrition | 639 |  | — |  | 639 |  | — |  | 639 |
Total Nutrition | 1,968 |  | — |  | 1,968 |  | — |  | 1,968 |
Other | 207 |  | — |  | 207 |  | — |  | 207 |
Total Revenues | $ | 9,176 |  | $ | 240 |  | $ | 9,416 |  | $ | 23,178 |  | $ | 32,594 |

(1) Topic 815 revenue relates to the physical delivery or the settlement of the Company’s sales contracts that are accounted for as derivatives and are outside the scope of Topic 606.
Origination
The Origination segment generates revenue from the sale of commodities and from service fees for the transportation of goods. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or providing service to a customer. For transportation service contracts in Transportation, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, or container freight moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20.
Oilseeds
The Oilseeds segment generates revenue primarily from the sale of products manufactured in its global processing facilities. The segment also generates revenue from the sale of raw commodities in its South American grain origination business and from the sale of peanuts, tree nuts, and peanut-derived ingredients. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contractually specified price which may include freight or other contractually specified cost components. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20.
14

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 4. | Revenues (Continued)

Carbohydrate Solutions
The Carbohydrate Solutions segment generates revenue from the sale of products manufactured at the Company’s global corn and milling facilities around the world. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. Products are shipped to customers from the Company’s various facilities and from its network of storage terminals. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration specified in the contract which could include freight and other costs depending on the specific shipping terms of each contract. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20.
Nutrition
The Nutrition segment sells specialty products including natural flavor ingredients, flavor systems, natural colors, animal nutrition products, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contracted price or the mutually agreed price of the product. Freight and shipping are recognized as a component of revenue at the same time control transfers to the customer.
Other
Other includes the Company’s futures commission business whose primary sources of revenue are commissions and brokerage income generated from executing orders and clearing futures contracts and options on futures contracts on behalf of its customers. Commissions and brokerage revenue are recognized on the date the transaction is executed. Other also includes the Company’s captive insurance business which generates third party revenue through its proportionate share of premiums from third-party reinsurance pools. Reinsurance premiums are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period underlying the policy.

Note 5. | Acquisitions

The Company acquired Neovia SAS (Neovia), Florida Chemical Company (FCC), and the Ziegler Group (Ziegler) in January 2019, March 2019, and May 2019, respectively. These acquisitions are in line with the Company’s strategy to become one of the world’s leading nutrition companies. The post-acquisition financial results of Neovia, FCC, and Ziegler are reported in the Nutrition segment.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired Neovia, FCC, Ziegler, and the remaining 50% interest in Gleadell Agriculture Ltd (Gleadell), for aggregate consideration of $2.0 billion in cash. The aggregate consideration of these acquisitions, net of $95 million in cash acquired, plus the acquisition-date value of the Company’s previously held equity interest in Gleadell of $15 million, were allocated as follows, subject to final measurement period adjustments:

In millions | Neovia | FCC | Ziegler | Gleadell | Total
Working capital | $ | 103 |  | $ | 40 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 157 |
Property, plant, and equipment | 405 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 13 |  | 438 |
Goodwill | 731 |  | 90 |  | 27 |  | 10 |  | 858 |
Other intangible assets | 659 |  | 23 |  | 24 |  | — |  | 706 |
Other long-term assets | 82 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 9 |  | 92 |
Long-term liabilities | (289 | ) | — |  | (7 | ) | (11 | ) | (307 | )
Aggregate cash consideration, net of cash acquired, plus acquisition-date fair value of previously held equity interest | $ | 1,691 |  | $ | 170 |  | $ | 68 |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | 1,944 |

Goodwill allocated in connection with the acquisitions is primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the Company’s acquisition of the businesses. Of the $858 million preliminarily allocated to goodwill, $90 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
15

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 5. | Acquisitions (Continued)

The Company recognized pre-tax gains of $3 million on the Gleadell transaction, representing the difference between the carrying value and acquisition-date fair value of the Company’s previously held equity interest. The acquisition-date fair value was determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis using market participant assumptions (a Level 3 measurement under applicable accounting standards).
The following table sets forth the preliminary fair values and the useful lives of the other intangible assets acquired.

| Useful Lives | Neovia | FCC | Ziegler | Total
| (In years) | (In millions)
Intangible assets with finite lives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks/brands | 5 | to | 15 | $ | 215 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 225 |
Customer lists | 10 | to | 20 | 306 |  | 12 |  | 5 |  | 323 |
Developed technology | 6 | to | 11 | 138 |  | 4 |  | 16 |  | 158 |
Total other intangible assets acquired |  |  |  | $ | 659 |  | $ | 23 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 706 |

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements

The following tables set forth, by level, the Company’s assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

| Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2019
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
| (In millions)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories carried at market | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 3,988 |
Unrealized derivative gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | — |  |  | 302 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 461 |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  |  | 160 |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Cash equivalents | 429 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 429 |
Marketable securities | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Segregated investments | 925 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 925 |
Deferred receivables consideration | — |  |  | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |
Total Assets | $ | 1,365 |  |  | $ | 3,513 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  | $ | 6,425 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized derivative losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Inventory-related payables | — |  |  | 740 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 762 |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,292 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 1,530 |

16

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
| (In millions)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories carried at market | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,032 |  |  | $ | 1,515 |  |  | $ | 4,547 |
Unrealized derivative gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | — |  |  | 306 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 461 |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  |  | 175 |  |  | — |  |  | 175 |
Cash equivalents | 1,288 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,288 |
Marketable securities | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Segregated investments | 1,044 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,044 |
Deferred receivables consideration | — |  |  | 379 |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,344 |  |  | $ | 3,893 |  |  | $ | 1,670 |  |  | $ | 7,907 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized derivative losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 589 |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  |  | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Inventory-related payables | — |  |  | 579 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 597 |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 1,358 |

Estimated fair values for inventories carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices adjusted for differences in local markets, broker or dealer quotations or market transactions in either listed or over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Market valuations for the Company’s inventories are adjusted for location and quality because the exchange-quoted prices represent contracts that have standardized terms for commodity, quantity, future delivery period, delivery location, and commodity quality or grade. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact on the measurement of fair value, the inventory is classified in Level 3. Changes in the fair value of inventories are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold.
17

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts, forward commodity purchase and sale contracts, and OTC instruments related primarily to agricultural commodities, energy, interest rates, and foreign currencies. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the Company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis and, therefore, are not included in these tables. Fair value for forward commodity purchase and sale contracts is estimated based on exchange-quoted prices adjusted for differences in local markets. These differences are generally determined using inputs from broker or dealer quotations or market transactions in either the listed or OTC markets. When observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the contract, it is classified in Level 2. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact (more than 10%) on the measurement of fair value, the contract is classified in Level 3. Except for certain derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of commodity-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of revenues, cost of products sold, or other (income) expense - net depending upon the purpose of the contract. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) until the hedged items are recorded in earnings or it is probable the hedged transaction will no longer occur.
The Company’s cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds valued using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1.
The Company’s marketable securities are comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and corporate debt securities. U.S. Treasury securities are valued using quoted market prices and are classified in Level 1. Corporate debt securities are valued using third-party pricing services and substantially all are classified in Level 2. Unrealized changes in the fair value of available-for-sale marketable debt securities are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of AOCI unless a decline in value is deemed to be other-than-temporary at which point the decline is recorded in earnings.
The Company’s segregated investments are comprised of U.S. Treasury securities. U.S. Treasury securities are valued using quoted market prices and are classified in Level 1.
The Company has deferred consideration under its accounts receivable securitization programs (the “Programs”) which represents notes receivable from the purchasers under the Programs (see Note 17 for more information). This amount is reflected in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 8 for more information). The Company carries the deferred consideration at fair value determined by calculating the expected amount of cash to be received. The fair value is principally based on observable inputs (a Level 2 measurement) consisting mainly of the face amount of the receivables adjusted for anticipated credit losses and discounted at the appropriate market rate. Payment of deferred consideration is not subject to significant risks other than delinquencies and credit losses on accounts receivable transferred under the Programs, which have historically been insignificant.
18

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

| Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at
| June 30, 2019
| Inventories Carried at Market |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains |  | Total Assets
| (In millions)
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,511 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 1,723 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* | 237 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 321 |
Purchases | 2,657 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,657 |
Sales | (2,958 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,958 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (137 | ) |  | (137 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | 232 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 242 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | (291 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (301 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |

* Includes increase in unrealized gains of $280 million relating to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2019.
The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

| Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at
| June 30, 2019
| Inventory- related Payables |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses |  | Total Liabilities
| (In millions)
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 159 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold* | 1 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 155 |
Purchases | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Sales | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (88 | ) |  | (88 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (10 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 238 |

* Includes increase in unrealized losses of $157 million relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at June 30, 2019.
19

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended June 30, 2018.

| Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at
| June 30, 2018
| Inventories Carried at Market |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains |  | Total Assets
| (In millions)
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,829 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 1,945 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* | (11 | ) |  | 125 |  |  | 114 |
Purchases | 2,133 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,133 |
Sales | (2,832 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,832 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (78 | ) |  | (78 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | 340 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 397 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | (81 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (93 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2018 | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 1,586 |

* Includes increase in unrealized gains of $105 million relating to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2018.
The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended June 30, 2018.

| Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at
| June 30, 2018
| Inventory- related Payables |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses |  | Total Liabilities
| (In millions)
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 366 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold* | (9 | ) |  | 48 |  |  | 39 |
Purchases | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Sales | (47 | ) |  | — |  |  | (47 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (161 | ) |  | (161 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (19 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2018 | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 222 |

* Includes increase in unrealized losses of $48 million relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at June 30, 2018.
20

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

| Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at
| June 30, 2019
| Inventories Carried at Market |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains |  | Total Assets
| (In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,515 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 1,670 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* | 216 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 444 |
Purchases | 5,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,346 |
Sales | (5,782 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,782 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (240 | ) |  | (240 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | 232 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 265 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | (139 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (156 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |

* Includes increase in unrealized gains of $491 million relating to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2019.
The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

| Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at
| June 30, 2019
| Inventory- related Payables |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses |  | Total Liabilities
| (In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 263 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold* | 1 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 173 |
Purchases | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Sales | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (187 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (38 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 238 |

* Includes increase in unrealized losses of $177 million relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at June 30, 2019.
21

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

| Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at
| June 30, 2018
| Inventories Carried at Market |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains |  | Total Assets
| (In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 1,597 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* | 269 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 441 |
Purchases | 4,372 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,372 |
Sales | (4,982 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,982 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (144 | ) |  | (144 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | 340 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 425 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | (107 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (123 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2018 | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 1,586 |

* Includes increase in unrealized gains of $280 million relating to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2018.
The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

| Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at
| June 30, 2018
| Inventory- related Payables |  | Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses |  | Total Liabilities
| (In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 142 |
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold* | 8 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 254 |
Purchases | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Sales | (49 | ) |  | — |  |  | (49 | )
Settlements | — |  |  | (218 | ) |  | (218 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | 106 |  |  | 106 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | (37 | ) |  | (37 | )
Ending balance, June 30, 2018 | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 222 |

* Includes increase in unrealized losses of $246 million relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at June 30, 2018.
22

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. | Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

For all periods presented, the Company had no transfers between Levels 1 and 2. Transfers into Level 3 of assets and liabilities previously classified in Level 2 were due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts rising above the 10% threshold. Transfers out of Level 3 were primarily due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts falling below the 10% threshold and thus permitting reclassification to Level 2.
In some cases, the price components that result in differences between exchange-traded prices and local prices for inventories and commodity purchase and sale contracts are observable based upon available quotations for these pricing components, and in some cases, the differences are unobservable. These price components primarily include transportation costs and other adjustments required due to location, quality, or other contract terms. In the table below, these other adjustments are referred to as basis. The changes in unobservable price components are determined by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these unobservable price components.
The following table sets forth the weighted average percentage of the unobservable price components included in the Company’s Level 3 valuations as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s Level 3 measurements may include basis only, transportation cost only, or both price components. As an example, for Level 3 inventories with basis, the unobservable component as of June 30, 2019 is a weighted average 40.8% of the total price for assets and 29.6% of the total price for liabilities.

| Weighted Average % of Total Price
| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Component Type | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Inventories and Related Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basis | 40.8 | % |  | 29.6 | % |  | 18.5 | % |  | 125.0 | %
Transportation cost | 31.5 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  | 25.9 | % |  | 39.4 | %
Commodity Derivative Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basis | 27.9 | % |  | 22.6 | % |  | 21.6 | % |  | 19.1 | %
Transportation cost | 32.3 | % |  | 43.0 | % |  | 29.5 | % |  | 35.1 | %

In certain of the Company’s principal markets, the Company relies on price quotes from third parties to value its inventories and physical commodity purchase and sale contracts. These price quotes are generally not further adjusted by the Company in determining the applicable market price. In some cases, availability of third-party quotes is limited to only one or two independent sources. In these situations, absent other corroborating evidence, the Company considers these price quotes as 100% unobservable and, therefore, the fair value of these items is reported in Level 3.

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The majority of the Company’s derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The Company uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts to manage its net position of merchandisable agricultural commodity inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in agricultural commodities and foreign currencies. The Company also uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts as components of merchandising strategies designed to enhance margins. The results of these strategies can be significantly impacted by factors such as the correlation between the value of exchange-traded commodities futures contracts and the value of the underlying commodities, counterparty contract defaults, and volatility of freight markets. Derivatives, including exchange-traded contracts and physical purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at market value. Inventory is not a derivative and therefore fair values of and changes in fair values of inventories are not included in the tables below.
23

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
| (In millions)
Foreign Currency Contracts | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 152 |
Commodity Contracts | 461 |  |  | 609 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 589 |
Total | $ | 621 |  |  | $ | 722 |  |  | $ | 636 |  |  | $ | 741 |

The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

|  |  |  |  | Other expense (income) - net |  |
|  |  | Cost of products sold |  |  |
(In millions) | Revenues |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 15,325 |  |  | $ | (13 | ) |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Contracts | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | — |  |  | (131 | ) |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (76 | )
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | 15,887 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Contracts | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (186 | ) |  | $ | (126 | ) |  |
Commodity Contracts | — |  |  | 392 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 108 |

24

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

|  |  |  |  | Other expense (income) - net |  |
|  |  | Cost of products sold |  |  |
(In millions) | Revenues |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 29,701 |  |  | $ | (21 | ) |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Contracts | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  |
Commodity Contracts | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 22 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 32,594 |  |  | $ | 30,524 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Contracts | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (201 | ) |  | $ | (61 | ) |  |
Commodity Contracts | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (122 | ) |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | $ | (158 | )

Changes in the market value of inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, forward cash purchase and sales contracts, exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts are recognized in earnings immediately as a component of cost of products sold.
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedging Strategies
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had certain derivatives designated as cash flow and fair value hedges.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) and as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows and reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and gains and losses related to discontinued hedges are recognized in the consolidated statement of earnings during the current period.
The Company uses interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to protect the fair value of $496 million in fixed-rate debt due to changes in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and the underlying fixed-rate debt are recorded in other (income) expense - net. The terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt. At June 30, 2019, the Company had $3 million in other current assets representing the fair value of the interest rate swaps and a corresponding increase in the underlying debt for the same amount with no net impact to earnings.
The Company uses interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the forecasted interest payments on certain letters of credit from banks. The terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the forecasted interest payments. The deferred gains and losses are recognized in other (income) expense - net over the period in which the related interest payments are paid to the banks. At June 30, 2019, the Company had $46 million of losses in AOCI related to these interest rate swaps. The Company expects to recognize this amount in its consolidated statement of earnings during the next 12 months.
25

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

For each of the commodity hedge programs described below, the derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. Assuming normal market conditions, the changes in the market value of such derivative contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item. Once the hedged item is recognized in earnings, the gains/losses arising from the hedge are reclassified from AOCI to either revenues or cost of products sold, as applicable. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $15 million of after-tax gains in AOCI related to gains and losses from commodity cash flow hedge transactions. The Company expects to recognize $15 million of these after-tax gains in its consolidated statement of earnings during the next 12 months.
The Company uses futures or options contracts to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of corn to be purchased and processed in a future month. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s forecasted purchases of corn. The Company’s corn processing plants currently grind approximately 72 million bushels of corn per month. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 19% and 95% of its monthly anticipated grind. At June 30, 2019, the Company had designated hedges representing between 1% and 32% of its anticipated monthly grind of corn for the next 12 months.
The Company, from time to time, also uses futures, options, and swaps to hedge the sales price of certain ethanol sales contracts. The Company has established hedging programs for ethanol sales contracts that are indexed to unleaded gasoline prices and to various exchange-traded ethanol contracts. The objective of these hedging programs is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s sales of ethanol. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 0 million and 121 million gallons of ethanol sales per month under these programs. At June 30, 2019, the Company had designated hedges representing between 0 million and 1 million gallons of ethanol sales per month over the next 3 months.
The Company uses futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of soybeans to be purchased and processed in a future month for certain of its U.S. soybean crush facilities. The Company also uses futures or options contracts to hedge the sales prices of anticipated soybean meal and soybean oil sales proportionate to the soybean crushing process at these facilities. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 99% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities. The Company has designated hedges representing between 0% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities over the next 12 months.
The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
| (In millions)
Interest Rate Contracts | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |
Total | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |

26

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

|  |  | Cost of products sold |  | Interest expense |  | Other expense (income) - net |  |
(In millions) | Revenues |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 15,325 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | (13 | ) |  |
Effective amounts recognized in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Interest Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | — |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | 15,887 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  |
Effective amounts recognized in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Interest Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (34 | )

|  |  | Cost of products sold |  | Interest expense |  | Other expense (income) - net |  |
(In millions) | Revenues |  |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 29,701 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | (21 | ) |  |
Effective amounts recognized in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Interest Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (10 | )
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statement of Earnings | $ | 32,594 |  |  | $ | 30,524 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  |
Effective amounts recognized in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax gains (losses) on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Interest Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (26 | )

27

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 7. | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

Net Investment Hedging Strategies
The Company issued €500 million aggregate principal amount of Floating Rate Notes and €600 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Notes on June 24, 2015, €650 million aggregate principal amount of 1.0% Notes on September 12, 2018, and €1.1 billion of commercial paper in June 2019 (collectively, the “Notes”). The €500 million Floating Rate Notes matured in June 2019. The Company has designated €2.3 billion of the outstanding Notes as a hedge of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had after-tax losses of $25 million and $26 million, respectively, in AOCI related to gains and losses from the net investment hedge transaction. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.
Note 8. Other Current Assets
The following table sets forth the items in other current assets:

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (In millions)
Unrealized gains on derivative contracts | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 636 |
Deferred receivables consideration | 447 |  |  | 379 |
Customer omnibus receivable | 593 |  |  | 450 |
Financing receivables - net (1) | 514 |  |  | 424 |
Insurance premiums receivable | 68 |  |  | 35 |
Prepaid expenses | 286 |  |  | 184 |
Tax receivables | 462 |  |  | 379 |
Non-trade receivables (2) | 344 |  |  | 323 |
Other current assets | 249 |  |  | 223 |
| $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | 3,033 |

(1) The Company provides financing to certain suppliers, primarily Brazilian farmers, to finance a portion of the suppliers’ production costs. The amounts are reported net of allowances of $4 million and $3 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Interest earned on financing receivables of $6 million and $14 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $5 million and $12 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, is included in interest income in the consolidated statements of earnings.
(2) Non-trade receivables included $82 million and $84 million of reinsurance recoverables as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
28

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Accrued Expenses and Other Payables
The following table sets forth the items in accrued expenses and other payables:

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (In millions)
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts | $ | 768 |  |  | $ | 761 |
Accrued compensation | 306 |  |  | 337 |
Income tax payable | 38 |  |  | — |
Other taxes payable | 105 |  |  | 98 |
Reinsurance premiums payable | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Insurance claims payable | 300 |  |  | 277 |
Contract liability | 367 |  |  | 501 |
Other accruals and payables | 1,231 |  |  | 924 |
| $ | 3,128 |  |  | $ | 2,913 |

Note 10. | Debt and Financing Arrangements

At June 30, 2019, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt exceeded the carrying value by $1.4 billion, as estimated using quoted market prices (a Level 2 measurement under applicable accounting standards).
At June 30, 2019, the Company had lines of credit, including the accounts receivable securitization programs described below, totaling $8.9 billion, of which $5.8 billion was unused. Of the Company’s total lines of credit, $5.0 billion supported the combined U.S. and European commercial paper borrowing programs, against which there was $1.5 billion of U.S. and European commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2019.
The Company has accounts receivable securitization programs (the “Programs”). The Programs, as amended, provide the Company with up to $1.8 billion in funding resulting from the sale of accounts receivable, of which $0.4 billion was unused as of June 30, 2019 (see Note 17 for more information about the Programs).

Note 11. | Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was 13.1% and 19.9%, respectively, compared to 13.2% and 13.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The change in the rates for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to the absence of the 2017 biodiesel tax credit and a favorable discrete tax item recorded in 2018 due to a law change in Brazil related to certain value added tax items.
The Company is subject to income taxation and routine examinations in many jurisdictions around the world and frequently faces challenges regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges include positions taken by the Company related to the timing, nature and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In its routine evaluations of the exposure associated with various tax filing positions, the Company recognizes a liability, when necessary, for estimated potential tax owed by the Company in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Resolution of the related tax positions, through negotiations with relevant tax authorities or through litigation, may take years to complete. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the timing for resolution of tax positions and the Company cannot predict or provide assurance as to the ultimate outcome of these ongoing or future examinations. However, the Company does not anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease significantly in the next twelve months. Given the long periods of time involved in resolving tax positions, the Company does not expect that the recognition of unrecognized tax benefits will have a material impact on the Company’s effective income tax rate in any given period.
29

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11. Income Taxes (Continued)
The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ADM do Brasil Ltda. (ADM do Brasil), received three separate tax assessments from the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service (BFRS) challenging the tax deductibility of commodity hedging losses and related expenses for the tax years 2004, 2006, and 2007. These assessments totaled approximately $110 million in tax and $317 million in interest and penalties as of June 30, 2019 (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). The statute of limitations for tax years 2005 and 2008 to 2011 has expired. The Company does not expect to receive any additional tax assessments with respect to this issue.
ADM do Brasil enters into commodity hedging transactions that can result in gains, which are included in ADM do Brasil’s calculation of taxable income in Brazil, and losses, which ADM do Brasil deducts from its taxable income in Brazil. The Company has evaluated its tax position regarding these hedging transactions and concluded, based upon advice from Brazilian legal counsel, that it was appropriate to recognize both gains and losses resulting from hedging transactions when determining its Brazilian income tax expense. Therefore, the Company has continued to recognize the tax benefit from hedging losses in its financial statements and has not recorded any tax liability for the amounts assessed by the BFRS.
ADM do Brasil filed an administrative appeal for each of the assessments. The appeal panel found in favor of the BFRS on these assessments and ADM do Brasil filed a second level administrative appeal. The second administrative appeal panel continues to conduct customary procedural activities, including ongoing dialogue with the BFRS auditor. If ADM do Brasil continues to be unsuccessful in the administrative appellate process, the Company intends to file appeals in the Brazilian federal courts. While the Company believes its consolidated financial statements properly reflect the tax deductibility of these hedging losses, the ultimate resolution of this matter could result in the future recognition of additional payments of, and expense for, income tax and the associated interest and penalties. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position against the current assessments.
The Company’s subsidiary in Argentina, ADM Agro SRL (formerly ADM Argentina SA and Alfred C. Toepfer Argentina SRL), received tax assessments challenging transfer prices used to price grain exports for the tax years 1999 through 2011. As of June 30, 2019, these assessments totaled $20 million in tax and $69 million in interest and penalties (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). The Argentine tax authorities conducted a review of income and other taxes paid by large exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities resulting in allegations of income tax evasion. The Company strongly believes that it has complied with all Argentine tax laws. To date, the Company has not received assessments for years subsequent to 2011. However, it cannot rule out receiving additional assessments challenging transfer prices used to price grain exports for these years, and estimates that these potential assessments could be approximately $56 million in tax and $53 million in interest (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates as of June 30, 2019). The Company believes that it has appropriately evaluated the transactions underlying these assessments, and has concluded, based on Argentine tax law, that its tax position would be sustained, and accordingly, has not recorded a tax liability for these assessments. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position against the current assessments and any similar assessments that may be issued for years subsequent to 2011.
In accordance with the accounting requirements for uncertain tax positions, the Company has not recorded an uncertain tax liability for these assessments because it has concluded that it is more likely than not to prevail on the Brazil and Argentina matters based upon their technical merits and because the taxing jurisdictions’ processes do not provide a mechanism for settling at less than the full amount of the assessment. The Company’s consideration of these tax assessments requires judgments about the application of income tax regulations to specific facts and circumstances. The final outcome of these matters cannot reliably be predicted, may take many years to resolve, and could result in financial impacts of up to the entire amount of these assessments.
In 2014, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, ADM Europe B.V., received a tax assessment from the Netherlands tax authority challenging the transfer pricing aspects of a 2009 business reorganization, which involved two of its subsidiary companies in the Netherlands. As of June 30, 2019, this assessment was $92 million in tax and $33 million in interest (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). The Company has appealed the assessment and a hearing was held in the first quarter of 2019. The Company expects to receive a decision in the second half of 2019. Further appeals may take an extended period of time and could result in additional financial impacts of up to the entire amount of the assessment. The Company has carefully evaluated the underlying transactions and has concluded that the amount of the gain recognized on the reorganization for tax purposes was appropriate. The Company has accrued an amount it believes will be the likely outcome of the litigation and will vigorously defend its position against the assessment.
30

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 12. | Leases

Lessee Accounting
The Company leases certain transportation equipment, plant equipment, office equipment, land, buildings, and storage facilities. Most leases include options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 month to 49 years. Certain leases also include index and non-index escalation clauses and options to purchase the leased property. Leases accounted for as finance leases were immaterial at June 30, 2019.
As an accounting policy election, the Company does not apply the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to short-term leases in all of its underlying asset categories. The Company recognizes short-term lease payments in earnings on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
The following table sets forth the amounts relating to the Company’s total lease cost and other information.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| (In millions)
Lease cost: |  |
Operating lease cost | $ | 73 |  | $ | 146 |
Short-term lease cost | 24 |  | 47 |
Total lease cost | $ | 97 |  | $ | 193 |
Other information: |  |
Operating lease liability principal payments |  | $ | 98 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 168 |
|  | June 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years) |  |  | 8 |
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases |  | 4.7 | %

Below is a tabular disclosure of the future annual undiscounted cash flows for operating lease liabilities.

| Undiscounted
| Cash Flows
| (In millions)
Remainder of 2019 | $ | 116 |
2020 | 200 |
2021 | 167 |
2022 | 138 |
2023 | 101 |
2024 | 58 |
Thereafter | 260 |
Total | 1,040 |
Less interest (1) | 183 |
Lease liability | $ | 857 |

(1) Calculated using the implicit rate of the lease, if available, or the incremental borrowing rate that is appropriate for the tenor and geography of the lease.
31

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 12. Leases (Continued)
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $837 million of right-of-use assets included in Other assets, $189 million of current lease liabilities included in Accrued expenses and other payables, and $668 million of non-current lease liabilities included in Other long-term liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet.
Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI)
The following tables set forth the changes in AOCI by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and the reclassifications out of AOCI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three months ended June 30, 2019
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Deferred Gain (Loss) on Hedging Activities |  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (2,242 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 94 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | 114 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Tax effect | 7 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |
Net of tax amount | 101 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 112 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | (1,950 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (202 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (2,130 | )
| Six months ended June 30, 2019
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Deferred Gain (Loss) on Hedging Activities |  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (1,962 | ) |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | (220 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (2,106 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 16 |  |  | (73 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (43 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (1 | ) |  | 10 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Tax effect | (3 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 16 |
Net of tax amount | 12 |  |  | (58 | ) |  | 18 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (24 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | (1,950 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (202 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (2,130 | )

32

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) (Continued)

| Amount reclassified from AOCI |
| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30, | Affected line item in the consolidated statement
Details about AOCI components | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 | of earnings
| (In millions) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  | Other (income) expense-net
| — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Tax
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  | Net of tax
Deferred loss (gain) on hedging activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) | Revenues
| (1 | ) |  | 34 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 28 |  | Cost of products sold
| 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  | Other (income) expense-net
| — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) | Interest expense
| — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 26 |  | Total before tax
| 2 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) | Tax
| $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 20 |  | Net of tax
Pension liability adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service credit | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (17 | ) | Other (income) expense-net
Actuarial losses | 6 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 32 |  | Other (income) expense-net
| (3 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 15 |  | Total before tax
| 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (3 | ) | Tax
| $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 12 |  | Net of tax

Note 14. | Other (Income) Expense - Net

The following table sets forth the items in other (income) expense:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (In millions)
Gains on sales of assets | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | (12 | )
Other – net | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (5 | )
Other (Income) Expense - Net | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | (17 | )

Gains on sales of assets in the three months ended June 30, 2019 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 included gains on disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business. Gains on sales of assets in the six months ended June 30, 2019 also included gains on the sale of certain assets, step-up gains on equity investments, and gains on disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business.
Other - net in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and the three months ended June 30, 2018 included foreign exchange losses, partially offset by other income. Other-net in the six months ended June 30, 2018 included other income, partially offset
33

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 14. Other (Income) Expense - Net (Continued)
by foreign exchange losses. Other-net also included the non-service components of net pension benefit income of $6 million and $8 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $2 million and $5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
Note 15. Segment Information
The Company is principally engaged in procuring, transporting, storing, processing, and merchandising agricultural commodities, products, and ingredients. The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into four reportable business segments: Origination, Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other.
The Origination segment utilizes its extensive global grain elevator and transportation networks and port operations to buy, store, clean, and transport agricultural commodities, such as oilseeds, corn, wheat, milo, oats, rice, and barley, and resells these commodities primarily as food and feed ingredients and as raw materials for the agricultural processing industry. The Origination segment includes international agricultural commodities merchandising and handling activities managed through a global trade desk based in Rolle, Switzerland. The Origination segment’s grain sourcing, handling, and transportation network provides reliable and efficient services to the Company’s customers and agricultural processing operations. The Origination segment’s transportation network capabilities include barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, and container freight services. The Origination segment also includes the activities related to structured trade finance, the import and distribution of agricultural feed products, and the Company’s share of the results of its Pacificor joint venture. In February 2019, the Company purchased the remaining 50% interest owned by InVivo Group in the Gleadell Agriculture Ltd. joint venture.
The Oilseeds segment includes global activities related to the origination, merchandising, crushing, and further processing of oilseeds such as soybeans and soft seeds (cottonseed, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, and flaxseed) into vegetable oils and protein meals. Oilseeds products produced and marketed by the Company include ingredients for the food, feed, energy, and industrial products industries. Crude vegetable oils produced by the segment’s crushing activities are sold “as is” or are further processed by refining, blending, bleaching, and deodorizing into salad oils. Salad oils are sold “as is” or are further processed by hydrogenating and/or interesterifying into margarine, shortening, and other food products. Partially refined oils are used to produce biodiesel and glycols or are sold to other manufacturers for use in chemicals, paints, and other industrial products. Oilseed protein meals are principally sold to third parties to be used as ingredients in commercial livestock and poultry feeds. In South America, the Oilseeds segment includes origination and merchandising activities as adjuncts to its oilseeds processing assets. These activities include a network of grain elevators, port facilities, and transportation assets used to buy, store, clean, and transport grains and oilseeds. The Oilseeds segment is a major supplier of peanuts, tree nuts, and peanut-derived ingredients to both the U.S. and export markets. In North America, cottonseed flour is produced and sold primarily to the pharmaceutical industry, and cotton cellulose pulp is manufactured and sold to the chemical, paper, and other industrial markets. The Oilseeds segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investment in Wilmar International Limited (Wilmar) and its share of the results of its Stratas Foods LLC, Edible Oils Limited, and Olenex Sarl (Olenex) joint ventures.
The Company’s Carbohydrate Solutions segment is engaged in corn and wheat wet and dry milling and other activities. The Carbohydrate Solutions segment converts corn and wheat into sweeteners, corn and wheat starches, wheat flour, and bioproducts. Its products include ingredients used in the food and beverage industry including sweeteners, starch, syrup, glucose, flour, and dextrose. Dextrose and starch are used by the Carbohydrate Solutions segment as feedstocks for its bioproducts operations. By fermentation of dextrose, the Carbohydrate Solutions segment produces alcohol and other food and animal feed ingredients. Ethyl alcohol is produced by the Company for industrial use as ethanol or as beverage grade. Ethanol, in gasoline, increases octane and is used as an extender and oxygenate. Corn gluten feed and meal, as well as distillers’ grains, are produced for use as animal feed ingredients. Corn germ, a by-product of the wet milling process, is further processed into vegetable oil and protein meal. Other Carbohydrate Solutions products include citric acids which are used in various food and industrial products. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Hungrana Ltd., Almidones Mexicanos S.A., and Red Star Yeast Company, LLC.
34

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 15. | Segment Information (Continued)

The Nutrition segment engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of specialty products including natural flavor ingredients, flavor systems, natural colors, proteins, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, natural health and nutrition products, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Nutrition segment includes activities related to the procurement, processing, and distribution of edible beans. The Nutrition segment also includes activities related to the processing and distribution of formula feeds and animal health and nutrition products and the manufacture of contract and private label pet treats and foods. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company completed the acquisitions of Neovia, a French-based global provider of value-added animal nutrition solutions, with 72 production facilities and a presence in 25 countries; Florida Chemical Company, one of the world’s largest producers of citrus oils and ingredients; and Ziegler Group, a leading European provider of natural citrus flavor ingredients.
Other includes the Company’s remaining operations, primarily its financial business units, related to futures commission and insurance activities.
Intersegment sales have been recorded at amounts approximating market. Operating profit for each segment is based on net sales less identifiable operating expenses. Also included in operating profit for each segment is equity in earnings of affiliates based on the equity method of accounting. Specified items included in total segment operating profit and certain corporate items are not allocated to the Company’s individual business segments because operating performance of each business segment is evaluated by management exclusive of these items. Corporate results principally include the impact of LIFO-related adjustments, unallocated corporate expenses, interest cost net of investment income, and the Company’s share of the results of its equity investment in Compagnie Industrialle et Financiere des Produits Amylaces SA (Luxembourg) (CIP).
In May 2019, the Company announced the creation of a new business unit called Ag Services & Oilseeds, which combines the Origination and Oilseeds business operations into a single reporting structure effective July 1, 2019.
35

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 15. | Segment Information (Continued)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gross revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Origination | $ | 7,193 |  |  | $ | 7,757 |  |  | $ | 14,168 |  |  | $ | 14,936 |
Oilseeds | 7,547 |  |  | 8,251 |  |  | 13,956 |  |  | 15,086 |
Carbohydrate Solutions | 2,878 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | 5,454 |  |  | 5,718 |
Nutrition | 1,541 |  |  | 1,029 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  | 1,987 |
Other | 104 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 207 |
Intersegment elimination | (2,966 | ) |  | (2,976 | ) |  | (5,003 | ) |  | (5,340 | )
Total gross revenues | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 32,594 |
Intersegment sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Origination | $ | 712 |  |  | $ | 1,117 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 2,029 |
Oilseeds | 1,800 |  |  | 1,589 |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 2,822 |
Carbohydrate Solutions | 437 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 470 |
Nutrition | 17 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 19 |
Total intersegment sales | $ | 2,966 |  |  | $ | 2,976 |  |  | $ | 5,003 |  |  | $ | 5,340 |
Revenues from external customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Origination |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 6,418 |  |  | $ | 6,577 |  |  | $ | 12,476 |  |  | $ | 12,789 |
Transportation | 63 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 118 |
Total Origination | 6,481 |  |  | 6,640 |  |  | 12,605 |  |  | 12,907 |
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 3,613 |  |  | 4,374 |  |  | 6,869 |  |  | 7,659 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 2,134 |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | 4,605 |
Total Oilseeds | 5,747 |  |  | 6,662 |  |  | 11,161 |  |  | 12,264 |
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 1,684 |  |  | 1,704 |  |  | 3,306 |  |  | 3,342 |
Bioproducts | 757 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | 1,906 |
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 2,441 |  |  | 2,647 |  |  | 4,844 |  |  | 5,248 |
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 728 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 1,402 |  |  | 1,329 |
Animal Nutrition | 796 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | 639 |
Total Nutrition | 1,524 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 2,806 |  |  | 1,968 |
Other | 104 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 207 |
Total revenues from external customers | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 32,594 |

36

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 15. | Segment Information (Continued)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Segment operating profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Origination | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 237 |
Oilseeds | 291 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 690 |
Carbohydrate Solutions | 192 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 460 |
Nutrition | 117 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 210 |
Other | 11 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 44 |
Specified Items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on sales of assets and businesses(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges(2) | (37 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (35 | )
Total segment operating profit | 645 |  |  | 902 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 1,606 |
Corporate | (371 | ) |  | (250 | ) |  | (667 | ) |  | (490 | )
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |

(1) Current year-to-date gains consisted of a gain on the sale of certain assets and a step-up gain on an equity investment.
(2) Current quarter and year-to-date charges primarily related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets. Prior quarter charges consisted of an impairment charge related to a long-term financing receivable and restructuring charges. Prior year-to-date charges consisted of impairment charges related to a long-term financing receivable and an equity investment and restructuring charges.
Note 16. Asset Impairment, Exit, and Restructuring Costs
Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs consisted of $35 million and $44 million of impairments related to certain long-lived assets presented as specified items within segment operating profit in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $101 million and $103 million of restructuring and pension remeasurement charges in Corporate primarily related to early retirement and reorganization initiatives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs in the three months ended June 30, 2018 consisted of $21 million of long-term receivable impairment and $1 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges presented as separate items within segment operating profit, and $2 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges in Corporate. Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs in the six months ended June 30, 2018 consisted of $12 million of an equity investment impairment, $21 million of long-term receivable impairment, and $2 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges presented as specified items within segment operating profit, and $5 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges in Corporate.
The $35 million impairment in the three months ended June 30, 2019 related to a Company facility and was based on the fair value of the asset determined using a third-party market participant’s offer to purchase the facility.
The $21 million impairment in the three and six ended June 30, 2018 related to a long-term receivable included in other assets in the accompanying balance sheet, and was based on the fair value of the collateral provided as security for the advance. The fair value was determined using internal and external sources, including published information on Brazilian land values.
37

Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 17. Sale of Accounts Receivable
The Company has an accounts receivable securitization program (the “Program”) with certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers (collectively, the “First Purchasers”). Under the Program, certain U.S.-originated trade accounts receivable are sold to a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote entity, ADM Receivables, LLC (“ADM Receivables”). ADM Receivables in turn transfers such purchased accounts receivable in their entirety to the First Purchasers pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement. In exchange for the transfer of the accounts receivable, ADM Receivables receives a cash payment of up to $1.2 billion and an additional amount upon the collection of the accounts receivable (deferred consideration). The Program terminates on June 18, 2020, unless extended.
The Company also has an accounts receivable securitization program (the “Second Program”) with certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers (collectively, the “Second Purchasers”). Under the Second Program, certain non-U.S.-originated trade accounts receivable are sold to a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote entity, ADM Ireland Receivables Company (“ADM Ireland Receivables”). ADM Ireland Receivables in turn transfers such purchased accounts receivable in their entirety to the Second Purchasers pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement. In exchange for the transfer of the accounts receivable, ADM Ireland Receivables receives a cash payment of up to $0.6 billion (€0.5 billion) and an additional amount upon the collection of the accounts receivable (deferred consideration). The Second Program terminates on March 13, 2020, unless extended.
Under the Program and Second Program (collectively, the “Programs”), ADM Receivables and ADM Ireland Receivables use the cash proceeds from the transfer of receivables to the First Purchasers and Second Purchasers (collectively, the “Purchasers”) and other consideration to finance the purchase of receivables from the Company and the ADM subsidiaries originating the receivables.
The Company accounts for these transfers as sales. The Company has no retained interests in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and its right to the deferred consideration. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not record a servicing asset or liability related to its retained responsibility, based on its assessment of the servicing fee, market values for similar transactions, and its cost of servicing the receivables sold.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of trade receivables transferred to the Purchasers under the Programs and derecognized from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet was $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. In exchange for the transfers as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company received cash of $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, and recorded a receivable for deferred consideration included in other current assets of $447 million and $379 million, respectively. Cash collections from customers on receivables sold were $16.5 billion and $17.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Of this amount, $6.2 billion were cash collections on the deferred consideration reflected as cash inflows from investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Deferred consideration is paid to the Company in cash on behalf of the Purchasers as receivables are collected; however, as this is a revolving facility, cash collected from the Company’s customers is reinvested by the Purchasers daily in new receivable purchases under the Programs.
The Company’s risk of loss following the transfer of accounts receivable under the Programs is limited to the deferred consideration outstanding. The Company carries the deferred consideration at fair value determined by calculating the expected amount of cash to be received and is principally based on observable inputs (a Level 2 measurement under the applicable accounting standards) consisting mainly of the face amount of the receivables adjusted for anticipated credit losses and discounted at the appropriate market rate. Payment of deferred consideration is not subject to significant risks other than delinquencies and credit losses on accounts receivable transferred under the Programs which have historically been insignificant.
Transfers of receivables under the Programs resulted in an expense for the loss on sale of $4 million and $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, which is classified as selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings.
In accordance with the amended guidance of Topic 230, the Company reflects cash flows related to the deferred consideration of the Programs as investing activities in its consolidated statements of cash flows. All other cash flows are classified as operating activities because the cash received from Purchasers upon both the sale and collection of the receivables is not subject to significant interest rate risk given the short-term nature of the Company’s trade receivables.
38

A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 17. Sale of Accounts Receivable (Continued)
The Company also sells certain of its receivables in their entirety to independent third-party institutions without recourse and no continuing involvement. The sold receivables are considered a true sale for accounting purposes, and therefore, are not reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
39

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Company Overview
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.
The Company is principally engaged in procuring, transporting, storing, processing, and merchandising agricultural commodities, products, and ingredients. The Company uses its significant global asset base to originate and transport agricultural commodities, connecting to markets in more than 170 countries. The Company also processes corn, oilseeds, and wheat into products for food, animal feed, chemical, and energy uses. In addition, the Company engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of specialty products including natural flavor ingredients, flavor systems, natural colors, proteins, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, natural health and nutrition products, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Company uses its global asset network, business acumen, and its relationships with suppliers and customers to efficiently connect the harvest to the home thereby generating returns for its shareholders, principally from margins earned on these activities.
The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into four reportable business segments: Origination, Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable business segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other. Financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments is set forth in Note 15 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 1 herein, “Financial Statements”.
In May 2019, the Company announced the creation of a new business unit called Ag Services & Oilseeds, which combines the Origination and Oilseeds business operations into a single reporting structure effective July 1, 2019.
The Company’s recent significant portfolio actions and announcements include:

• | the acquisition in January 2019 of Neovia, a French-based global provider of value-added animal nutrition solutions, with 72 production facilities and a presence in 25 countries;

• | the purchase in February 2019 of the remaining 50% interest owned by InVivo Group in the Gleadell Agriculture Ltd. joint venture;

• | the acquisition in March 2019 of Florida Chemical Company, one of the world’s largest producers of citrus oils and ingredients;

• | the formal launch in March 2019 of GrainBridge LLC, a 50% joint venture with Cargill that will develop digital tools to help North American farmers consolidate information on production economics and grain marketing activities into a single digital platform; and

• | the acquisition in May 2019 of Ziegler Group, a leading European provider of natural citrus flavor ingredients.

The Company executes its strategic vision through three pillars: Optimize the Core, Drive Efficiencies, and Expand Strategically, all supported by its Readiness effort. During 2018, the Company launched an effort called Readiness to drive new efficiencies and improve the customer experience in the Company’s existing businesses through a combination of data analytics, process simplification and standardization, and behavioral and cultural change, building upon its earlier 1ADM and operational excellence programs. Readiness will also support the execution of the Company’s growth strategies across its five key growth platforms: Taste, Nutrition, Animal Nutrition, Health and Wellness, and Carbohydrates.
Operating Performance Indicators
The Company is exposed to certain risks inherent to an agricultural-based commodity business. These risks are further described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The Company’s Origination and Oilseeds operations are principally agricultural commodity-based businesses where changes in selling prices move in relationship to changes in prices of the commodity-based agricultural raw materials. Therefore, changes in agricultural commodity prices have relatively equal impacts on both revenues and cost of products sold. Thus, changes in revenues of these businesses do not necessarily correspond to the changes in margins or gross profit.
The Company’s Carbohydrate Solutions and Nutrition businesses also utilize agricultural commodities (or products derived from agricultural commodities) as raw materials. However, in these businesses, agricultural commodity market price changes do not necessarily correlate to changes in cost of products sold. Thus, changes in revenues of these businesses may correspond to changes in margins or gross profit.
40

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The Company has consolidated subsidiaries in more than 80 countries. For the majority of the Company’s subsidiaries located outside the United States, the local currency is the functional currency. Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the weighted average exchange rates for the applicable periods. For the majority of the Company’s business activities in Brazil, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar; however, certain transactions, including taxes, occur in local currency and require remeasurement to the functional currency. Changes in revenues are expected to correlate to changes in expenses reported by the Company caused by fluctuations in the exchange rates of foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, British pound, Canadian dollar, and Brazilian real, as compared to the U.S. dollar.
The Company measures its performance using key financial metrics including net earnings, segment operating profit, return on invested capital, EBITDA, economic value added, manufacturing expenses, and selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company’s financial results can vary significantly due to changes in factors such as fluctuations in energy prices, weather conditions, crop plantings, government programs and policies, trade policies, changes in global demand, general global economic conditions, changes in standards of living, and global production of similar and competitive crops. Due to these unpredictable factors, the Company undertakes no responsibility for updating any forward-looking information contained within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Market Factors Influencing Operations or Results in the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
As an agricultural commodity-based business, the Company is subject to a variety of market factors which affect the Company's operating results. In Origination, sales volumes and margins were impacted by high water conditions in the Mississippi river system and the continuing global trade tensions with China. In Oilseeds, continued good global meal demand resulted in strong global crushing volumes and stable margins. South American origination volumes were impacted by softer Chinese demand and slower farming selling due to lower soybean prices. Global demand and margins for refined oil and biodiesel remained solid. In Carbohydrate Solutions, demand and prices for sweeteners and starches remained solid in North America while co-product prices were stable. Although ethanol demand was seasonably higher in North America, margins remained pressured as U.S. industry ethanol production and stocks remained at high levels and U.S. exports to China were limited. In addition, severe weather conditions in North America adversely impacted operations in the Origination, Oilseeds, and Carbohydrate Solutions business units. Nutrition benefited from growing demand for flavors and other food ingredients.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests decreased $331 million to $235 million. Segment operating profit decreased $257 million to $645 million. Included in segment operating profit in the current quarter was a charge of $37 million consisting of asset impairment and settlement charges. Included in segment operating profit in the prior year quarter was a charge of $22 million related to asset impairment and restructuring. Adjusted segment operating profit decreased $242 million to $682 million due to lower operating results in Merchandising and Handling, Crushing and Origination, and Bioproducts. Corporate results were a net charge of $371 million in the current quarter compared to $250 million in the prior year quarter. Corporate results in the current quarter included restructuring and pension remeasurement charges of $101 million related to early retirement and reorganization initiatives. Also included in Corporate results in the current quarter is a charge of $25 million from the effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves, compared to a credit of $13 million in the prior year quarter.
Income taxes of $36 million decreased $50 million due to lower earnings before income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 was 13.1% compared to 13.2% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
41

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Analysis of Statements of Earnings
Processed volumes by product for the quarter are as follows (in metric tons):

| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, |  |
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Oilseeds | 8,773 |  |  | 9,075 |  |  | (302 | )
Corn | 5,545 |  |  | 5,518 |  |  | 27 |
Total | 14,318 |  |  | 14,593 |  |  | (275 | )

The Company generally operates its production facilities, on an overall basis, at or near capacity, adjusting facilities individually, as needed, to react to the current margin environment and seasonal local supply and demand conditions. Processed volumes of oilseeds decreased from the high prior year levels primarily due to extended downtime in the Quincy, Illinois facility caused by weather-related logistical challenges.
Revenues by segment for the quarter are as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 6,418 |  |  | $ | 6,577 |  |  | $ | (159 | )
Transportation | 63 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Total Origination | 6,481 |  |  | 6,640 |  |  | (159 | )
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 3,613 |  |  | 4,374 |  |  | (761 | )
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 2,134 |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | (154 | )
Total Oilseeds | 5,747 |  |  | 6,662 |  |  | (915 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 1,684 |  |  | 1,704 |  |  | (20 | )
Bioproducts | 757 |  |  | 943 |  |  | (186 | )
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 2,441 |  |  | 2,647 |  |  | (206 | )
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 728 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 35 |
Animal Nutrition | 796 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 471 |
Total Nutrition | 1,524 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 506 |
Other | 104 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 17,068 |  |  | $ | (771 | )

42

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Revenues and cost of products sold in a commodity merchandising and processing business are significantly correlated to the underlying commodity prices and volumes. During periods of significant changes in commodity prices, the underlying performance of the Company is better evaluated by looking at margins since both revenues and cost of products sold, particularly in Oilseeds and Origination, generally have a relatively equal impact from commodity price changes which generally result in an insignificant impact to gross profit.
Revenues decreased $0.8 billion to $16.3 billion due to lower sales prices and, to a lesser extent, overall lower sales volumes. The decrease in sales prices was due principally to soybeans, meal, and oils. Origination revenues decreased 2% to $6.5 billion due to lower sales volumes ($0.2 billion). Oilseeds revenues decreased 14% to $5.7 billion due to lower sales prices ($0.6 billion) and lower sales volumes ($0.3 billion). Carbohydrate Solutions revenues decreased 8% to $2.4 billion due to lower sales volumes ($0.2 billion). Nutrition revenues increased 50% to $1.5 billion due to higher sales volumes ($0.5 billion) primarily related to acquisitions.
Cost of products sold decreased $562 million to $15.3 billion due to lower prices of commodities, and to a lesser extent, overall lower sales volumes. Included in cost of products sold in the current quarter was a charge of $25 million from the effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves compared to a credit of $13 million in the prior year quarter. Manufacturing expenses increased $0.1 billion to $1.4 billion primarily due to recent acquisitions and individually insignificant increases in certain expense categories.
Foreign currency translation impacts decreased both revenues and cost of products sold by $0.2 billion.
Gross profit decreased $209 million to $972 million. Lower results in Origination, Oilseeds, and Carbohydrate Solutions ($251 million) were partially offset by higher results in Nutrition ($95 million). These factors are explained in the segment operating profit discussion on page 45. The effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves had a negative impact on gross profit of $25 million in the current quarter compared to a positive impact of $13 million in the prior year quarter.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $42 million to $602 million due principally to new acquisitions and higher spending on IT, growth-related investments, and Readiness-related projects, partially offset by lower variable performance-related and stock compensation expenses.
Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs increased $112 million to $136 million. Charges in the current quarter consisted of $35 million of impairments related to certain long-lived assets presented as specified items within segment operating profit and $101 million of restructuring and pension remeasurement charges in Corporate related to early retirement and reorganization initiatives. Charges in the prior year quarter consisted of $21 million of long-term receivable impairment and $1 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges presented as specified items within segment operating profit, and $2 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges in Corporate.
Interest expense increased $20 million to $109 million due to higher borrowings to fund acquisitions.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates decreased $10 million to $90 million due to losses from the Company’s investments in CIP and Olenex, partially offset by higher earnings from the Company’s investment in Wilmar.
Other income - net increased $11 million to $13 million. Income in the current and prior year quarters included gains on disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business and other income, partially offset by foreign exchange losses.
43

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Segment operating profit (loss), adjusted segment operating profit (a non-GAAP measure), and earnings before income taxes for the quarter are as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
Segment Operating Profit (Loss) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | (92 | )
Transportation | 3 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (28 | )
Total Origination | 71 |  |  | 191 |  |  | (120 | )
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 150 |  |  | 195 |  |  | (45 | )
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 79 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (15 | )
Asia | 62 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 10 |
Total Oilseeds | 291 |  |  | 341 |  |  | (50 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 218 |  |  | 238 |  |  | (20 | )
Bioproducts | (26 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (35 | )
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 192 |  |  | 247 |  |  | (55 | )
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 103 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (3 | )
Animal Nutrition | 14 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |
Total Nutrition | 117 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 3 |
Other | 11 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (20 | )
Specified Items: |  |  |  |  |
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges | (37 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (15 | )
Total Specified Items | (37 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (15 | )
Total Segment Operating Profit | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | (257 | )
Adjusted Segment Operating Profit(1) | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 924 |  |  | $ | (242 | )
Segment Operating Profit | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | (257 | )
Corporate | (371 | ) |  | (250 | ) |  | (121 | )
Earnings Before Income Taxes | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | (378 | )

(1) Adjusted segment operating profit is segment operating profit excluding the above specified items.
44

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Origination operating profit decreased 63%. Merchandising and Handling results were lower when compared to the strong results from the second quarter of 2018, when the drought in Argentina and increased purchases of U.S. crops by China in anticipation of tariffs drove strong volumes and margins. Despite solid execution, current quarter volumes and margins in North America were impacted by continued high water conditions on U.S. rivers, which limited river asset utilization, and the competitiveness of U.S. crops, particularly corn, in export markets. Transportation was down year-over-year, as the unfavorable river conditions throughout the quarter limited barge volumes and margins.
Oilseeds operating profit decreased 15%. Crushing and Origination results were solid but lower than the strong results from the second quarter of 2018. Strong domestic industry demand supported crush margins in North America and EMEA. South American crushing and origination margins were down on bean prices and slow China demand during the quarter. In North America, crush volumes were down primarily due to production outages caused by weather-related logistical challenges at the Company’s Quincy, Illinois facility. Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other results were lower than the prior year quarter, driven by weaker margins in South America and some timing impacts in EMEA. Asia was up due to higher earnings from the Company’s investment in Wilmar.
Carbohydrate Solutions operating profit decreased 22%. Starches and Sweeteners was down compared to the second quarter of 2018 due to lingering high water impacts at the Company’s Columbus, Nebraska facility, partially offset by solid sales and margins in North America. Results in EMEA were pressured by lower margins due to low sugar prices and the Turkish quota on starch-based sweeteners. Bioproducts results were significantly lower than the prior year quarter on continued negative ethanol industry margins caused by ample industry inventory and lower U.S. exports.
Nutrition operating profit increased 3%. Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients results were slightly lower than the second quarter of 2018. Wild Flavors demonstrated very strong sales and margin growth in North America but was partially offset by changes in customer order patterns in EMEAI and lower sales in APAC. Specialty Ingredients was lower due to isolated production shortfalls. Health and Wellness continued on its growth trajectory, driven both by contributions from acquisitions as well as organic sales and margin improvements. Animal Nutrition results were higher than the second quarter of 2018 primarily related to the Neovia acquisition.
Other operating profit decreased 65% primarily due to increased captive insurance underwriting losses partially offset by higher earnings from the Company’s futures commission brokerage business.
Corporate results for the quarter are as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
LIFO credit (charge) | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (38 | )
Interest expense - net | (101 | ) |  | (73 | ) |  | (28 | )
Unallocated corporate costs | (132 | ) |  | (180 | ) |  | 48 |
Restructuring charges | (101 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (99 | )
Other charges | (12 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total Corporate | $ | (371 | ) |  | $ | (250 | ) |  | $ | (121 | )

Corporate results were a net charge of $371 million in the current quarter compared to $250 million in the prior year quarter. The effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves resulted in a charge of $25 million in the current quarter compared to a credit of $13 million in the prior year quarter. Interest expense - net increased $28 million due principally to higher borrowings and the absence of a tax credit received in 2018. Unallocated corporate costs decreased $48 million due principally to lower variable performance-related and stock compensation expenses, partially offset by higher spending on IT, growth-related investments, Readiness-related projects, and costs transferred in from the business units related to the centralization of certain activities. Restructuring charges, which include pension remeasurement charges, increased due to early retirement and reorganization initiatives in the current quarter.
45

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company uses adjusted earnings per share (EPS), adjusted earnings before taxes, interest, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), and adjusted segment operating profit, non-GAAP financial measures as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. These performance measures are not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted EPS is defined as diluted EPS adjusted for the effects on reported diluted EPS of specified items. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before taxes, interest, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted for specified items. The Company calculates adjusted EBITDA by removing the impact of specified items and adding back the amounts of interest expense and depreciation and amortization to earnings before income taxes. Adjusted segment operating profit is segment operating profit adjusted, where applicable, for specified items.
Management believes that adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted segment operating profit are useful measures of the Company’s performance because they provide investors additional information about the Company’s operations allowing better evaluation of underlying business performance and better period-to-period comparability. Adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted segment operating profit are not intended to replace or be an alternative to diluted EPS, earnings before income taxes, and segment operating profit, respectively, the most directly comparable amounts reported under GAAP.
The table below provides a reconciliation of diluted EPS to adjusted EPS for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Three months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| In millions |  | Per share |  | In millions |  | Per share
Average number of shares outstanding - diluted | 566 |  |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |
Net earnings and reported EPS (fully diluted) | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIFO charge (credit) - net of tax of $6 million in 2019 and $3 million in 2018 (1) | 19 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (0.02 | )
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges - net of tax of $33 million in 2019 and $8 million in 2018 (2) | 105 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 0.03 |
Certain discrete tax adjustments | (19 | ) |  | (0.03 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | 0.01 |
Total adjustments | 105 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 0.02 |
Adjusted net earnings and adjusted EPS | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |

(1) Tax effected using the Company’s U.S. tax rate.
(2) Tax effected using the U.S. and other applicable tax rates.
46

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The tables below provide a reconciliation of earnings before income taxes to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Three months ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | (378 | )
Interest expense | 109 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 20 |
Depreciation and amortization | 248 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 9 |
LIFO | 25 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 38 |
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges | 138 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 114 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | 991 |  |  | $ | (197 | )
| Three months ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Origination | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | (121 | )
Oilseeds | 344 |  |  | 399 |  |  | (55 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions | 274 |  |  | 333 |  |  | (59 | )
Nutrition | 173 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 22 |
Other | 18 |  |  | 39 |  |  | (21 | )
Corporate | (128 | ) |  | (165 | ) |  | 37 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | 991 |  |  | $ | (197 | )

47

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Market Factors Influencing Operations or Results in the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
As an agricultural commodity-based business, the Company is subject to a variety of market factors which affect the Company's operating results. In Origination, sales volumes and margins were impacted by high water conditions in the Mississippi river system and the continuing global trade tensions with China. In Oilseeds, continued good global meal demand resulted in strong global crushing volumes and stable margins. South American origination volumes were impacted by softer Chinese demand and slower farming selling due to lower soybean prices. Global demand and margins for refined oil and biodiesel remained solid. In Carbohydrate Solutions, demand and prices for sweeteners and starches remained solid in North America while co-product prices were stable. Although ethanol demand remained steady in North America, margins were pressured as U.S. industry ethanol production and stocks remained at high levels and U.S. exports to China were limited. In addition, severe weather conditions in North America adversely impacted operations in the Origination, Oilseeds, and Carbohydrate Solutions business units. Nutrition benefited from growing demand for flavors and other food ingredients.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests decreased $491 million to $468 million. Segment operating profit decreased $0.4 billion to $1.3 billion. Included in segment operating profit in the current period was a net charge of $34 million consisting of asset impairment and settlement charges, a gain on sale of assets, and a step-up gain on an equity investment. Included in segment operating profit in the prior period was a charge of $35 million related to asset impairment and restructuring. Adjusted segment operating profit decreased $0.4 billion to $1.3 billion due to the absence of the 2017 biodiesel tax credit recorded in the first quarter of 2018, lower margins in Carbohydrate Solutions, lower results in the Animal Nutrition business, and lower equity earnings from the Wilmar investment, partially offset by higher margins in Crushing and Origination, Merchandising and Handling, and Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients. Corporate results were a net charge of $667 million for the six months compared to $490 million the same period last year. Corporate results for the six months included restructuring and pension remeasurement charges of $103 million primarily related to early retirement and reorganization initiatives. Also included in Corporate results in the current period is a charge of $26 million from the effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves, compared to a credit of $21 million the same period last year.
Income taxes of $117 million decreased $37 million. The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 19.9% compared to 13.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The higher rate for the current period was primarily due to the absence of the 2017 biodiesel tax credit and a favorable discrete tax item recorded in 2018 due to a law change in Brazil related to certain value added tax items.
Analysis of Statements of Earnings
Processed volumes by product for the six months are as follows (in metric tons):

| Six Months Ended |
| June 30, |  |
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Oilseeds | 17,940 |  |  | 18,122 |  |  | (182 | )
Corn | 10,678 |  |  | 11,109 |  |  | (431 | )
Total | 28,618 |  |  | 29,231 |  |  | (613 | )

The Company generally operates its production facilities, on an overall basis, at or near capacity, adjusting facilities individually, as needed, to react to the current margin environment and seasonal local supply and demand conditions. Processed volumes of oilseeds decreased from the high prior year levels primarily due to extended downtime in the Quincy, Illinois facility caused by weather-related logistical challenges. The overall decrease in Corn is primarily related to production disruptions in the Columbus, Nebraska corn processing plant due to flooding and production issues in the Decatur, Illinois corn complex.
48

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Revenues by segment for the six months are as follows:

| Six Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 12,476 |  |  | $ | 12,789 |  |  | $ | (313 | )
Transportation | 129 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 11 |
Total Origination | 12,605 |  |  | 12,907 |  |  | (302 | )
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 6,869 |  |  | 7,659 |  |  | (790 | )
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 4,292 |  |  | 4,605 |  |  | (313 | )
Total Oilseeds | 11,161 |  |  | 12,264 |  |  | (1,103 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 3,306 |  |  | 3,342 |  |  | (36 | )
Bioproducts | 1,538 |  |  | 1,906 |  |  | (368 | )
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 4,844 |  |  | 5,248 |  |  | (404 | )
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 1,402 |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | 73 |
Animal Nutrition | 1,404 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 765 |
Total Nutrition | 2,806 |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 838 |
Other | 185 |  |  | 207 |  |  | (22 | )
Total | $ | 31,601 |  |  | $ | 32,594 |  |  | $ | (993 | )

Revenues and cost of products sold in a commodity merchandising and processing business are affected by the underlying commodity prices and volumes. During periods of significant changes in commodity prices, the underlying performance of the Company is better evaluated by looking at margins since both revenues and cost of products sold, particularly in Oilseeds and Origination, generally have a relatively equal impact from commodity price changes which generally result in an insignificant impact to gross profit.
Revenues decreased $1.0 billion to $31.6 billion due to lower sales prices and, to a lesser extent, overall lower sales volumes. The decrease in sales prices was due principally to soybeans, meal, oils, and alcohol. Origination revenues decreased 2% to $12.6 billion due to lower sales volumes ($0.4 billion), partially offset by higher sales prices ($0.1 billion). Oilseeds revenues decreased 9% to $11.2 billion due to lower sales prices ($0.9 billion) and lower sales volumes ($0.2 billion). Carbohydrate Solutions revenues decreased 8% to $4.8 billion due to lower sales volumes ($0.4 billion). Nutrition revenues increased 43% to $2.8 billion due to higher sales volumes ($0.8 billion) primarily related to acquisitions.
Cost of products sold decreased $0.8 billion to $29.7 billion due principally to lower prices of commodities, and to a lesser extent, overall lower sales volumes. Included in cost of products sold in the current period was a charge of $26 million from the effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves compared to a credit of $21 million in the prior year’s period. Manufacturing expenses increased $0.2 billion to $2.9 billion primarily due to recent acquisitions and individually insignificant increases in certain expense categories.
49

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Foreign currency translation impacts decreased both revenues and cost of products sold by $0.6 billion.
Gross profit decreased $0.2 billion to $1.9 billion. Lower results in Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other ($125 million) and Carbohydrate Solutions ($161 million) were offset by higher results in Crushing and Origination ($107 million) and Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients ($28 million). These factors are explained in the segment operating profit discussion on page 52. The effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves had a negative impact on gross profit of $26 million in the current period compared to a positive impact of $21 million in the prior period.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased 18% to $1.3 billion due principally to new acquisitions and higher spending on IT, growth-related investments, and Readiness-related projects, partially offset by lower variable performance-related and stock compensation expenses.
Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs increased $107 million to $147 million. Current period charges consisted of $44 million of impairments related to certain long-lived assets presented as specified items within segment operating profit, and $103 million of restructuring and pension remeasurement charges in Corporate primarily related to early retirement and reorganization initiatives. Prior period charges consisted of $12 million of an equity investment impairment, $21 million of asset impairment related to a financing receivable, and $2 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges presented as specified items within segment operating profit, and $5 million of individually insignificant restructuring charges in Corporate.
Interest expense increased $30 million to $210 million due to higher borrowings to fund acquisitions.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates decreased $56 million to $191 million primarily due to lower earnings from the Company’s investment in Wilmar.
Other income - net increased $4 million to $21 million. Current period income included gains on the sale of certain assets, step-up gains on equity investments, gains on disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business, and other income, partially offset by foreign exchange losses. Prior period income included gains on disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business and other income, partially offset by foreign exchange losses.
50

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Segment operating profit, adjusted segment operating profit (a non-GAAP measure), and earnings before income taxes for the six months are as follows:

| Six Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
Segment Operating Profit (Loss) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
Origination |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandising and Handling | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | (74 | )
Transportation | 18 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (16 | )
Total Origination | 147 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (90 | )
Oilseeds |  |  |  |  |
Crushing and Origination | 361 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 106 |
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other | 155 |  |  | 274 |  |  | (119 | )
Asia | 116 |  |  | 161 |  |  | (45 | )
Total Oilseeds | 632 |  |  | 690 |  |  | (58 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Starches and Sweeteners | 388 |  |  | 454 |  |  | (66 | )
Bioproducts | (100 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (106 | )
Total Carbohydrate Solutions | 288 |  |  | 460 |  |  | (172 | )
Nutrition |  |  |  |  |
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients | 191 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 12 |
Animal Nutrition | 7 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (24 | )
Total Nutrition | 198 |  |  | 210 |  |  | (12 | )
Other | 25 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (19 | )
Specified Items: |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on sales of assets and businesses | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges | (46 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (11 | )
Total Specified Items | (34 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | 1 |
Total Segment Operating Profit | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 1,606 |  |  | $ | (350 | )
Adjusted Segment Operating Profit(1) | $ | 1,290 |  |  | $ | 1,641 |  |  | $ | (351 | )
Segment Operating Profit | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 1,606 |  |  | $ | (350 | )
Corporate | (667 | ) |  | (490 | ) |  | (177 | )
Earnings Before Income Taxes | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | (527 | )

(1) Adjusted segment operating profit is segment operating profit excluding the above specified items.
51

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Origination operating profit decreased 38%. Merchandising and Handling results were lower than the first half of 2018 due to weaker margins and lower volumes in North American grain. Results in the current period were also negatively impacted by high water conditions, which limited grain movement and sales in North America. Transportation results were down due to lower overall average barge volumes caused by unfavorable river conditions.
Oilseeds operating profit decreased 8%. Crushing and Origination results were up compared to the first half of 2018, which included significant negative timing effects. Higher executed crush margins around the globe and favorable timing effects from hedges entered in the prior year drove improved results, partially offset by the impacts of slow farmer selling and lower Chinese demand on South American origination. Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other results were lower than the first half of 2018, which included the 2017 biodiesel tax credit. Asia was down due to lower earnings from the Company’s investment in Wilmar.
Carbohydrate Solutions operating profit decreased 37%. Starches and Sweeteners results were down due to higher manufacturing costs at the Decatur, IL complex and weaker margins in flour milling. Results in EMEA were pressured by lower margins due to low sugar prices and the Turkish quota on starch-based sweeteners. Bioproducts results were down due to significantly lower ethanol margins amid a continued weak industry environment.
Nutrition operating profit decreased 6%. Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients results were higher than the first half of 2018. Wild Flavors demonstrated very strong sales and margin growth in North America but was partially offset by changes in customer order patterns in EMEAI. Specialty Ingredients was lower due to isolated production shortfalls. Health and Wellness continued on its growth trajectory, driven both by contributions from acquisitions as well as organic sales and margin improvements. Animal Nutrition results were lower than the first half of 2018, which benefited from temporary industry effects on vitamin additives. Additional upfront costs related to inventory revaluation of newly-acquired Neovia, weaker lysine sales volumes, and higher costs also contributed to the current period results.
Other operating profit decreased 43% due to increased captive insurance underwriting losses partially offset by improved results from the Company’s futures commission brokerage business.
Corporate results for the six months are as follows:

| Six Months Ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
| (In millions)
LIFO credit (charge) | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (47 | )
Interest expense - net | (191 | ) |  | (156 | ) |  | (35 | )
Unallocated corporate costs | (315 | ) |  | (326 | ) |  | 11 |
Acquisition-related transaction expenses | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Restructuring charges | (103 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (98 | )
Other charges | (18 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | 6 |
Total Corporate | $ | (667 | ) |  | $ | (490 | ) |  | $ | (177 | )

Corporate results were a net charge of $667 million in the current period compared to $490 million in the prior period. The effect of changes in agricultural commodity prices on LIFO inventory valuation reserves resulted in a charge of $26 million in the current period compared to a credit of $21 million in the prior period. Interest expense - net increased $35 million due principally to higher borrowings and absence of a tax credit received in 2018. Unallocated corporate costs decreased $11 million due principally to lower variable performance-related and stock compensation expenses, partially offset by higher spending on IT, growth-related investments, Readiness-related projects, and costs transferred in from the business units related to the centralization of certain activities. Acquisition expenses in the current period related to the Neovia acquisition. Restructuring charges, which include pension remeasurement charges, increased due to early retirement and reorganization initiatives in the current period.
52

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company uses adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted segment operating profit, non-GAAP financial measures as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. These performance measures are not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted EPS is defined as diluted EPS adjusted for the effects on reported diluted EPS of specified items. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before taxes, interest, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted for specified items. The Company calculates adjusted EBITDA by removing the impact of specified items and adding back the amounts of interest expense and depreciation and amortization to earnings before income taxes. Adjusted segment operating profit is segment operating profit adjusted, where applicable, for specified items.
Management believes that adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted segment operating profit are useful measures of the Company’s performance because they provide investors additional information about the Company’s operations allowing better evaluation of underlying business performance and better period-to-period comparability. Adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted segment operating profit are not intended to replace or be an alternative to diluted EPS, earnings before income taxes and segment operating profit, respectively, the most directly comparable amounts reported under GAAP.
The table below provides a reconciliation of diluted EPS to adjusted EPS for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| In millions |  | Per share |  | In millions |  | Per share
Average number of shares outstanding - diluted | 566 |  |  |  |  | 566 |  |  |
Net earnings and reported EPS (fully diluted) | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIFO charge (credit) - net of tax of $6 million in 2019 and $5 million in 2018 (1) | 20 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (0.03 | )
(Gains) losses on sales of assets and businesses - net of tax of $3 million in 2019 (2) | (9 | ) |  | (0.02 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges - net of tax of $34 million in 2019 and $12 million in 2018 (2) | 115 |  |  | 0.20 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 0.05 |
Certain discrete tax adjustments | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (0.02 | )
Acquisition-related transaction expenses - net of tax of $5 million (2) | 9 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total adjustments | 133 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Adjusted net earnings and adjusted EPS | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |

(1) Tax effected using the Company’s U.S. tax rate.
(2) Tax effected using the applicable tax rates.
53

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The tables below provide a reconciliation of earnings before income taxes to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Six months ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | (527 | )
Interest expense | 210 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 30 |
Depreciation and amortization | 493 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 19 |
LIFO | 26 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 47 |
(Gains) losses on sales of assets and businesses | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | )
Acquisition-related transaction expenses | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Asset impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges | 149 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 109 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 1,789 |  |  | $ | (320 | )
| Six months ended |  |
| June 30, |  |
(In millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Origination | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | (95 | )
Oilseeds | 738 |  |  | 802 |  |  | (64 | )
Carbohydrate Solutions | 452 |  |  | 630 |  |  | (178 | )
Nutrition | 307 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 23 |
Other | 42 |  |  | 58 |  |  | (16 | )
Corporate | (299 | ) |  | (309 | ) |  | 10 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 1,789 |  |  | $ | (320 | )

54

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Liquidity and Capital Resources
A Company objective is to have sufficient liquidity, balance sheet strength, and financial flexibility to fund the operating and capital requirements of a capital intensive agricultural commodity-based business. The Company depends on access to credit markets, which can be impacted by its credit rating and factors outside of the Company’s control, to fund its working capital needs and capital expenditures. The primary source of funds to finance the Company’s operations, capital expenditures, and advancement of its growth strategy is cash generated by operations and lines of credit, including a commercial paper borrowing facility. In addition, the Company believes it has access to funds from public and private equity and debt capital markets in both U.S. and international markets.
Cash used in operating activities was $2.7 billion for the six months compared to $3.2 billion for the same period last year. Working capital changes, including the increase in deferred consideration, decreased cash by $3.7 billion for the six months compared to $4.3 billion for the same period last year. Inventories decreased approximately $0.9 billion due to lower inventory quantities partially offset by higher prices. Trade payables declined approximately $0.7 billion principally reflecting seasonal cash payments for North American harvest-related grain purchases.
Increase in deferred consideration in securitized receivables of $3.6 billion and $4.1 billion for the six months and the same period last year, respectively, was offset by $3.6 billion and $4.0 billion of net consideration received for beneficial interest obtained for selling trade receivables for the six months and the same period last year, respectively.
Cash provided by investing activities was $1.3 billion for the six months compared $3.5 billion for the same period last year. Capital expenditures were $0.4 billion for the six months and the same period last year. Net assets of businesses acquired were $1.9 billion for the six months compared to no acquisitions the same period last year. Net consideration received for beneficial interest obtained for selling trade receivables was $3.6 billion for the six months compared to $4.0 billion the same period last year.
Cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 billion for the six months compared to a use of $0.2 billion for the same period last year. Long-term debt payments for the six months of $0.6 billion primarily related to the €500 million Floating Rate Notes that matured in June 2019. Commercial paper borrowings for the six months were $1.4 billion compared to commercial paper borrowings of $0.2 billion for the same period last year. Share repurchases for the six months were $0.1 billion compared to an insignificant amount for the same period last year. Dividends were $0.4 billion for the six months and the same period last year.
At June 30, 2019, the Company had $0.9 billion of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities and a current ratio, defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, of 1.6 to 1. Included in working capital was $4.9 billion of readily marketable commodity inventories. At June 30, 2019, the Company’s capital resources included shareholders’ equity of $19.0 billion and lines of credit, including the accounts receivable securitization programs described below, totaling $8.9 billion, of which $5.8 billion was unused. The Company’s ratio of long-term debt to total capital (the sum of the Company’s long-term debt and shareholders’ equity) was 29% at June 30, 2019 and 29% at December 31, 2018. The Company uses this ratio as a measure of the Company’s long-term indebtedness and an indicator of financial flexibility. The Company’s ratio of net debt (the sum of short-term debt, current maturities of long-term debt, and long-term debt less the sum of cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities) to capital (the sum of net debt and shareholders’ equity) was 31% at June 30, 2019 and 25% at December 31, 2018. Of the Company’s total lines of credit, $5.0 billion supported the combined U.S. and European commercial paper borrowing programs, against which there was $1.5 billion of U.S. and European commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2019.
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $0.8 billion of cash and cash equivalents, $0.3 billion of which was cash held by foreign subsidiaries whose undistributed earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested. Based on the Company’s historical ability to generate sufficient cash flows from its U.S. operations and unused and available U.S. credit capacity of $3.7 billion, the Company has asserted that these funds are indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.
The Company has accounts receivable securitization programs (the “Programs”) with certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers. The Programs, as amended, provide the Company with up to $1.8 billion in funding against accounts receivable transferred into the Programs and expands the Company’s access to liquidity through efficient use of its balance sheet assets (see Note 17 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 1 herein, “Financial Statements” for more information and disclosures on the Programs). As of June 30, 2019, the Company utilized $1.4 billion of its facility under the Programs.
55

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company spent approximately $0.4 billion in capital expenditures and $0.4 billion in dividends. The Company has a stock repurchase program. Under the program, the Company acquired 2.4 million shares for the six months ended June 30, 2019, and has 9.7 million shares remaining that may be repurchased until December 31, 2019.
The Company expects capital expenditures of approximately $0.8 billion to $0.9 billion, dividends of $0.8 billion, and share repurchases of about $0.1 billion to $0.2 billion during 2019.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The Company’s purchase obligations as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $13.4 billion and $11.8 billion, respectively. The increase is related to obligations to purchase higher quantities of agricultural commodity inventories, obligations from new acquisitions, and new commitments. As of June 30, 2019, the Company expects to make payments related to purchase obligations of $12.5 billion within the next twelve months. There were no other material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations during the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
There were no significant changes in the Company’s off balance sheet arrangements during the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies
There were no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The market risk inherent in the Company’s market risk sensitive instruments and positions is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in: commodity market prices as they relate to the Company’s net commodity position, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. Significant changes in market risk sensitive instruments and positions for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 are described below. There were no material changes during the period in the Company’s potential loss arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
For detailed information regarding the Company’s market risk sensitive instruments and positions, see Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Commodities
The availability and prices of agricultural commodities are subject to wide fluctuations due to factors such as changes in weather conditions, crop disease, plantings, government programs and policies, competition, changes in global demand, changes in customer preferences and standards of living, and global production of similar and competitive crops.
The fair value of the Company’s commodity position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each commodity by valuing all of the commodity positions at quoted market prices for the period, where available, or utilizing a close proxy. The Company has established metrics to monitor the amount of market risk exposure, which consist of volumetric limits and value-at-risk (VaR) limits. VaR measures the potential loss, at a 95% confidence level, that could be incurred over a one-year period. Volumetric limits are monitored daily and VaR calculations and sensitivity analysis are monitored weekly.
In addition to measuring the hypothetical loss resulting from an adverse two standard deviation move in market prices (assuming no correlations) over a one-year period using VaR, sensitivity analysis is performed measuring the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in market prices. The highest, lowest, and average weekly position together with the market risk from a hypothetical 10% adverse price change is as follows:
56

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Continued)

|  | Six months ended |  | Year ended
|  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Long/(Short) (In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Market Risk |  | Fair Value |  | Market Risk
Highest position |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Lowest position |  | (83 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 25 |  |  | 2 |
Average position |  | 154 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 24 |

The change in fair value of the average position was the result of a decrease in prices and a decrease in average quantities underlying the weekly commodity position.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of June 30, 2019, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There was no change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
During 2018, the Company launched Readiness to drive new efficiencies and improve the customer experience in the Company’s existing businesses through a combination of data analytics, process simplification and standardization, and behavioral and cultural change, building upon its earlier 1ADM and operational excellence programs. As part of this transformation, the Company is implementing a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system on a worldwide basis, which is expected to occur in phases over the next several years. The Company continues to consider these changes in its design of and testing for effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting and concluded, as part of the evaluation described in the above paragraph, that the implementation of the new ERP in these circumstances has not materially affected its internal control over financial reporting.
In January 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Neovia. As a result of the acquisition, the Company is in the process of reviewing its internal control structure and, if necessary, will make appropriate changes as the Company incorporates its controls and procedures into the acquired business. In addition, during the quarter, the Company added certain controls related to the adoption of Topic 842 with no material effect to its internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is routinely involved in a number of actual or threatened legal actions, including those involving alleged personal injuries, employment law, product liability, intellectual property, environmental issues, alleged tax liability (see Note 11 for information on income tax matters), and class actions. The Company also routinely receives inquiries from regulators and other government authorities relating to various aspects of our business, and at any given time, the Company has matters at various stages of resolution with the applicable government authorities. The outcomes of these matters are not within our complete control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. In some actions, claimants seek damages, as well as other relief including injunctive relief, that could require significant expenditures or result in lost revenues. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company records a liability in its consolidated financial statements for material loss contingencies when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. When determining the estimated loss or range of loss, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of a loss to be recorded. Estimates of probable losses resulting from litigation and governmental proceedings involving the Company are inherently difficult to predict, particularly when the matters are in early procedural stages, with incomplete facts or legal discovery; involve unsubstantiated or indeterminate claims for damages; potentially involve penalties, fines, disgorgement, or punitive damages; or could result in a change in business practice.
The Company has been a party to numerous lawsuits pending in various U.S. state and federal courts arising out of Syngenta Corporation’s (Syngenta) marketing and distribution of genetically modified corn products, Agrisure Viptera and Agrisure Duracade, in the U.S. First, the Company brought a state court action in Louisiana against Syngenta in 2014, alleging Syngenta was negligent in commercializing its products before the products were approved in China. In December 2017, the Company and Syngenta reached a confidential settlement of this action. Second, Syngenta brought third-party claims against the Company in 2015 in a federal multidistrict litigation (MDL) in Kansas City, Kansas, a state court MDL in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and other courts, seeking contribution in the event Syngenta is held liable in class actions by farmers and other parties. In the December 2017 settlement, Syngenta agreed to dismiss all of these third-party claims against the Company. Third, farmers and other parties have sued the Company and other grain companies in numerous individual and purported class action suits in Illinois state and federal courts beginning in the fourth quarter of 2015, alleging the Company and other grain companies were negligent in failing to screen for genetically modified corn. On January 4, 2017, a federal court in the Southern District of Illinois dismissed, subject to appeal, all of the pending federal complaints against the Company, and thus the Company remains a defendant only in certain Illinois state court actions by farmers and other parties, which actions the Company has moved to dismiss as well. The Company denies liability in all of the actions in which it has been named as a third-party defendant or defendant and is vigorously defending itself in these cases. All of these actions are in pretrial proceedings. At this time, the Company is unable to predict the final outcome of this matter with any reasonable degree of certainty, but believes the outcome will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
The Company is not currently a party to any legal proceeding or environmental claim that it believes would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

There were no significant changes in the Company’s risk factors during the quarter ended June 30, 2019. For further information about the Company’s risk factors, refer to Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program (2) |  | Number of Shares Remaining that May be Purchased Under the Program (2)
April 1, 2019 to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
April 30, 2019 |  | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 42.040 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 12,062,945 |
May 1, 2019 to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2019 |  | 735,392 |  |  | 39.510 |  |  | 734,258 |  |  | 11,328,687 |
June 1, 2019 to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  | 1,623,607 |  |  | 39.925 |  |  | 1,623,346 |  |  | 9,705,341 |
Total |  | 2,360,562 |  |  | $ | 39.797 |  |  | 2,357,951 |  |  | 9,705,341 |

(1) | Total shares purchased represents those shares purchased in the open market as part of the Company’s publicly announced share repurchase program described below, shares received as payment for the exercise price of stock option exercises, and shares received as payment for the withholding taxes on vested restricted stock awards. During the three-month period ended June 30, 2019, there were 2,611 shares received as payments for the minimum withholding taxes on vested restricted stock awards and for the exercise price of stock option exercises.

(2) | On November 5, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 100,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock during the period commencing January 1, 2015 and ending December 31, 2019.

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

(3)(i) |  | Composite Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 (File No. 1-44)).
(3)(ii) |  | Bylaws, as amended, through May 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 7, 2019 (File No. 1-44)).
(31.1) |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a–14(a) and Rule 15d–14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
(31.2) |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a–14(a) and Rule 15d–14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
(32.1) |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32.2) |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(101) |  | Interactive Data File

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| ARCHER-DANIELS-MIDLAND COMPANY
| /s/ R. G. Young
| R. G. Young
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| /s/ D. C. Findlay
| D. C. Findlay
| Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary

Dated: August 1, 2019
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