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Basis of Presentation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The Consolidated Financial Statements of Archer-Daniels-Midland Company and its subsidiaries (“ADM” or the “Company”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Certain prior period data has been reclassified in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes to conform to the current period presentation. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates all entities, including variable interest entities (VIEs), in which it has a controlling financial interest. For VIEs, the Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary as defined under the applicable accounting standard. Investments in affiliates, including VIEs through which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control the investee and is not the primary beneficiary of the investee’s activities, are carried at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings since acquisition and are adjusted, where appropriate, for basis differences between the investment balance and the underlying net assets of the investee. The Company’s portion of the results of certain affiliates and results of certain VIEs are included using the most recent available financial statements. In each case, the financial statements are within 93 days of the Company’s year-end and are consistent from period to period. Segregated Cash and Investments The Company segregates certain cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances in accordance with regulatory requirements, commodity exchange requirements, and insurance arrangements. These balances represent deposits received from customers of the Company’s registered futures commission merchant and commodity brokerage services, cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses, and cash pledged as security under certain insurance arrangements. Segregated cash and investments also include restricted cash collateral for the various insurance programs of the Company’s captive insurance business. To the degree these segregated balances are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following represents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in millions).
| March 31, 2025 |  | March 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 864 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents included in segregated cash and investments | 3,192 |  |  | 4,015 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 4,056 |  |  | $ | 4,845 |
Receivables The Company records accounts receivable at net realizable value. This value includes an allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts to reflect any loss anticipated on the accounts receivable balances including any accrued interest receivables thereon. The Company estimates uncollectible accounts by pooling receivables according to type, region, credit risk rating, and age. Each pool is assigned an expected loss co-efficient to arrive at a general reserve based on historical write-offs adjusted, as needed, for regional, economic, and other forward-looking factors. The Company minimizes credit risk due to the large and diversified nature of its worldwide customer base. ADM manages its exposure to counter-party credit risk through credit analysis and approvals, credit limits, and monitoring procedures. Long-term receivables recorded in other assets were not material to the Company’s overall receivables portfolio. Changes to the allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts were as follows (in millions).
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Opening balance, January 1 | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 215 |
Provisions (reversals), net | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Write-offs against allowance | (14) |  |  | (13) |
Recoveries and other | 3 |  |  | 9 |
Closing balance, March 31 | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 216 |
Inventories Certain merchandisable agricultural commodity inventories, which include inventories acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at market value. In addition, the Company values certain inventories using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The following table sets forth the Company’s inventories as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions).
| March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Raw materials and supplies (1) | $ | 1,776 |  |  | $ | 1,922 |
Finished goods | 2,753 |  |  | 2,689 |
Market inventories | 7,021 |  |  | 6,961 |
Total inventories | $ | 11,550 |  |  | $ | 11,572 |
(1) Includes work in process inventories which were not material as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Cost Method Investments Cost method investments represent investments in private companies and private equity funds for strategic purposes or to diversify the overall investment portfolio. These investments are generally in the startup or development stages and the markets for products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages. The Company’s evaluation of privately held investments is based on the fundamentals of the businesses invested in. The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of such investments to determine if any valuation adjustments are appropriate under the applicable accounting pronouncements. Cost method investments of $436 million and $439 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were included in Other Assets in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revaluation gains and losses are recorded in interest and investment income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings. As of March 31, 2025, the lifetime cumulative amounts of upward and downward adjustments were $118 million and $75 million, respectively. Any year-to-date upward and downward adjustments were immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Investments in Affiliates The Company applies the equity method of accounting for investments in investees over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence. The Company had a 22.5% share ownership in Wilmar International Limited (“Wilmar”) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company’s investment in Wilmar had a carrying value of $3.6 billion as of March 31, 2025, and a market value of $3.5 billion based on the quoted Singapore Exchange market price, converted to U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rate, at March 31, 2025. In accordance with its accounting policy, as of March 31, 2025, the Company evaluated several factors in its determination of whether an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in Wilmar had occurred as of that date. This included consideration of the short duration of the carrying value being above Wilmar's stock price, the recent performance of Wilmar’s stock price as quoted on the Singapore Exchange, latest consensus analyst forecasts, Wilmar’s long history of earnings and dividends and the Company’s continued representation on Wilmar’s Board. The Company considers its investment in Wilmar a significant and strategic relationship and has the intent and ability to retain its investment in Wilmar for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Based on the evaluation of the factors above, the Company does not consider the investment to be other-than temporarily impaired at March 31, 2025. The Company will continue to reassess its investment in Wilmar, which may result in the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment in the future. As of March 31, 2025, the Company also held equity method investments in Pacificor (32.2%), Stratas Foods LLC (50.0%), Edible Oils Limited (50.0%), Olenex (37.5%), SoyVen (50.0%), Hungrana Ltd (50.0%), Almidones Mexicanos S.A. de C.V. (50.0%), Terminal de Grãos Ponta da Montanha S.A. (50.0%), Gradable, LLC (50.0%), Aston Foods and Food Ingredients (50.0%), Red Star Yeast Company, LLC (40.0%), LSCP, LLLP (22.1%), Vimison S.A. de C.V. (45.3%), ADM Matsutani LLC (50%), Matsutani Singapore Pte. Ltd. (50%), Dusial S.A. (42.8%), and Vitafort ZRT (34.3%). Property, Plant, and Equipment The Company’s net property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions).
| March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Land | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 566 |
Buildings | 6,250 |  |  | 6,143 |
Machinery and equipment | 20,963 |  |  | 20,636 |
Construction in progress | 1,545 |  |  | 1,553 |
| 29,343 |  |  | 28,898 |
Accumulated depreciation | (18,343) |  |  | (18,061) |
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment | $ | 11,000 |  |  | $ | 10,837 |
Redeemable Non-controlling Interests The Company presents any redeemable non-controlling interests in temporary equity within the Consolidated Balance Sheets at redemption value with period changes recorded in reinvested earnings. The Company reports the portion of its earnings or loss for redeemable non-controlling interests as net earnings (losses) attributable to non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes to the Company's redeemable non-controlling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Opening balance, January 1 | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 320 |
Net (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests | (2) |  |  | (10) |
Currency translation adjustments and other | 4 |  |  | (3) |
Closing balance, March 31 | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 307 |

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