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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes        
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, among other things, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.
As a result of the reduction of the U.S. corporate tax rate to 21%, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. Based on currently available information, the Company’s estimated value of its net deferred federal and state tax liability balances have been reduced by approximately $39.3 million, which was recorded as a reduction of income tax expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. Such estimate will be finalized upon the completion of the 2017 federal and state income tax returns as the Company continues to evaluate any further guidance that may be issued related to the Tax Act.
The Tax Act provides for a change from a worldwide to a territorial tax system and requires a one-time transition tax on certain deferred foreign income of specified foreign corporations. Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 provides a measurement period for companies to evaluate the effects of the Tax Act, and the Company made a provisional estimate at December 31, 2017 that the impact of such transition tax was expected to be immaterial. The Company has concluded, after completion of its analysis during the first quarter of 2018 that it is not subject to such transition tax. Our income tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 also included an estimate of the minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income for certain earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, as required under the Tax Act. The Company continues to evaluate the effects of the Tax Act related to the repatriation of certain foreign earnings and believes that such effects are immaterial.
For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our income tax provision from continuing operations was $26.5 million and $33.0 million, respectively, based on an effective income tax rate, before discrete items and less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, of 27.8% and 37.5%, respectively. The actual income tax rate on income from continuing operations, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, inclusive of discrete items, was 27.2% and 36.8%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our income tax provision from continuing operations was $47.2 million and $59.9 million, respectively, based on an effective income tax rate, before discrete items and less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, of 27.7% and 37.7%, respectively. The actual income tax rate on income from continuing operations, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, inclusive of discrete items, was 27.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The decrease in the 2018 income tax provision and the 2018 actual income tax rate on income from continuing operations was primarily due to the enactment of the Tax Act.
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits was $0.8 million.
We report interest expense and/or income related to unrecognized income tax benefits in the income tax provision. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had approximately $0.1 million of accrued interest expense related to unrecognized income tax benefits included as a liability in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Total income tax reserves included in “Other long-term liabilities” were $0.9 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million of interest expense, respectively, was recognized in the income tax provision. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, less than $0.1 million of interest expense and $0.3 million of interest income, respectively, was recognized in the income tax provision.
We do not anticipate any significant changes to our reserves for uncertain tax positions in the next twelve months. We file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and various state, local and foreign tax agencies. The Company is currently under examination by various taxing authorities for the years 2012 through 2015. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company settled an examination with a taxing authority which resulted in a $3.3 million reversal of reserves for previously uncertain tax positions.