0000105634 12/31 2023 Q3 FALSE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 At the Company’s election, borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the applicable tenor plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (5.42% at September 30, 2023) plus a margin of 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of: (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (8.50% at September 30, 2023), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus 1/2 of 1.00%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%. The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 6.42% and 5.73%, respectively. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.10% of the unused amount as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. 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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM | 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-8267

EMCOR Group, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 11-2125338
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
301 Merritt Seven |  |
Norwalk, | Connecticut |  | 06851-1092
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(203) | 849-7800
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | EME |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Applicable Only To Corporate Issuers
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on October 23, 2023: 47,044,440 shares.

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[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

Table of Contents
EMCOR Group, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | PAGE
PART I. - Financial Information. |
Item 1. | Financial Statements. |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets - as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 28
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. | 40
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. | 41
PART II. - Other Information. |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. | 42
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. | 42
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. | 42
Item 5. | Other Information. | 42
Item 6. | Exhibits. | 43

Table of Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They generally contain words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “may,” “can,” “could,” “might,” variations of such wording and other words or phrases of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements in this report include discussions of our future operating or financial performance and other forward-looking commentary regarding aspects of our business, including market share growth, gross profit, remaining performance obligations, project mix, projects with varying profit margins and contractual terms, selling, general and administrative expenses, our ability to maintain a strong safety record, and trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, such as the effects of supply chain disruptions and delays. Each forward-looking statement included in this report is subject to risks and uncertainties, including those identified in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section, and other sections of this report, and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including, without limitation, the “Risk Factors” section of such Form 10-K. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
•adverse effects of general economic conditions;
•changes in interest rates;
•domestic and international political developments;
•changes in the specific markets for EMCOR’s services;
•adverse business conditions, including scarcity of skilled labor, productivity challenges, the nature and extent of supply chain disruptions impacting availability and pricing of materials, and inflationary trends more generally, including fluctuations in energy costs;
•the impact of legislation and/or government regulations;
•the availability of adequate levels of surety bonding;
•increased competition;
•unfavorable developments in the mix of our business; and
•other factors discussed elsewhere in this report.
Such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those that might be anticipated from, or projected or implied by, our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these statements do not guarantee future performance or events. The forward-looking statements contained in this report speak only as of the filing date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements unless required by law. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) should be consulted. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, due to their inherent uncertainty.

Table of Contents
PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| (Unaudited) September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 523,632 |  |  | $ | 456,439 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $21,644 and $22,382, respectively | 3,063,917 |  |  | 2,567,371 |
Contract assets | 308,868 |  |  | 273,176 |
Inventories | 115,466 |  |  | 85,641 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 57,012 |  |  | 79,346 |
Total current assets | 4,068,895 |  |  | 3,461,973 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 170,693 |  |  | 157,819 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 306,112 |  |  | 268,063 |
Goodwill | 953,359 |  |  | 919,151 |
Identifiable intangible assets, net | 600,790 |  |  | 593,975 |
Other assets | 124,344 |  |  | 123,626 |
Total assets | $ | 6,224,193 |  |  | $ | 5,524,607 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance lease liabilities | $ | 6,482 |  |  | $ | 15,567 |
Accounts payable | 824,155 |  |  | 849,284 |
Contract liabilities | 1,489,324 |  |  | 1,098,263 |
Accrued payroll and benefits | 553,838 |  |  | 465,000 |
Other accrued expenses and liabilities | 284,275 |  |  | 258,190 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | 74,728 |  |  | 67,218 |
Total current liabilities | 3,232,802 |  |  | 2,753,522 |
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities | 97,480 |  |  | 231,625 |
Operating lease liabilities, long-term | 256,306 |  |  | 220,764 |
Other long-term obligations | 357,636 |  |  | 344,405 |
Total liabilities | 3,944,224 |  |  | 3,550,316 |
Equity: |  |  |
EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 61,074,439 and 60,947,947 shares issued, respectively | 611 |  |  | 609 |
Capital surplus | 87,018 |  |  | 74,795 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (91,357) |  |  | (93,451) |
Retained earnings | 3,611,442 |  |  | 3,214,281 |
Treasury stock, at cost 13,932,485 and 13,281,222 shares, respectively | (1,328,784) |  |  | (1,222,645) |
Total EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 2,278,930 |  |  | 1,973,589 |
Noncontrolling interests | 1,039 |  |  | 702 |
Total equity | 2,279,969 |  |  | 1,974,291 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 6,224,193 |  |  | $ | 5,524,607 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

Table of Contents
EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)(Unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  | $ | 2,826,361 |  |  | $ | 9,143,652 |  |  | $ | 8,126,298 |
Cost of sales | 2,662,126 |  |  | 2,413,130 |  |  | 7,672,058 |  |  | 6,977,504 |
Gross profit | 545,472 |  |  | 413,231 |  |  | 1,471,594 |  |  | 1,148,794 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 308,139 |  |  | 263,137 |  |  | 882,684 |  |  | 761,099 |
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | 2,350 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,350 |  |  | — |
Operating income | 234,983 |  |  | 150,094 |  |  | 586,560 |  |  | 387,695 |
Net periodic pension (cost) income | (284) |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | (840) |  |  | 3,288 |
Interest expense, net | (90) |  |  | (3,194) |  |  | (4,614) |  |  | (6,234) |
Income before income taxes | 234,609 |  |  | 147,925 |  |  | 581,106 |  |  | 384,749 |
Income tax provision | 64,863 |  |  | 42,153 |  |  | 159,292 |  |  | 104,927 |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | 169,746 |  |  | 105,772 |  |  | 421,814 |  |  | 279,822 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. | $ | 169,409 |  |  | $ | 105,772 |  |  | $ | 421,477 |  |  | $ | 279,822 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 3.59 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |  |  | $ | 8.88 |  |  | $ | 5.52 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.57 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |  |  | $ | 8.85 |  |  | $ | 5.50 |
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Table of Contents
EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)(Unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income including noncontrolling interests | $ | 169,746 |  |  | $ | 105,772 |  |  | $ | 421,814 |  |  | $ | 279,822 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (5,368) |  |  | (8,712) |  |  | 503 |  |  | (19,257) |
Post-retirement plans, amortization of actuarial loss included in net income (1) | 538 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | 1,288 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (4,830) |  |  | (8,308) |  |  | 2,094 |  |  | (17,969) |
Comprehensive income | 164,916 |  |  | 97,464 |  |  | 423,908 |  |  | 261,853 |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |
Comprehensive income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. | $ | 164,579 |  |  | $ | 97,464 |  |  | $ | 423,571 |  |  | $ | 261,853 |

_________
(1)Net of tax of $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and net of tax of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)(Unaudited)

| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows - operating activities: |  |  |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | $ | 421,814 |  |  | $ | 279,822 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 38,444 |  |  | 35,168 |
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets | 49,335 |  |  | 45,465 |
Non-cash expense for impairment of long-lived assets | 2,350 |  |  | — |
Non-cash share-based compensation expense | 10,703 |  |  | 9,322 |
Other reconciling items | (3,865) |  |  | (682) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effect of businesses acquired | (42,884) |  |  | (130,741) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 475,897 |  |  | 238,354 |
Cash flows - investing activities: |  |  |
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | (89,741) |  |  | (91,078) |
Proceeds from sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | 12,015 |  |  | 6,897 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (56,306) |  |  | (38,717) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (134,032) |  |  | (122,898) |
Cash flows - financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | 100,000 |  |  | 270,000 |
Repayments of revolving credit facility | (100,000) |  |  | (100,000) |
Repayments of long-term debt | (142,813) |  |  | — |
Repayments of finance lease liabilities | (2,138) |  |  | (2,741) |
Dividends paid to stockholders | (24,198) |  |  | (20,037) |
Repurchases of common stock | (105,299) |  |  | (656,573) |
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of equity awards | (5,365) |  |  | (7,295) |
Issuances of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 6,769 |  |  | 6,097 |
Payments for contingent consideration arrangements | (3,113) |  |  | (2,049) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (276,157) |  |  | (512,598) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 856 |  |  | (20,540) |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 66,564 |  |  | (417,682) |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year (1) | 457,068 |  |  | 822,568 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period (2) | $ | 523,632 |  |  | $ | 404,886 |

_________
(1)Includes $0.6 million and $1.2 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2)Includes $1.1 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023
(In thousands)(Unaudited)

|  |  | EMCOR Group, Inc. Stockholders |  |
| Total |  | Common stock |  | Capital surplus |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1) |  | Retained earnings |  | Treasury stock |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | 1,952,791 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 65,212 |  |  | $ | (93,223) |  |  | $ | 2,995,844 |  |  | $ | (1,016,353) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | 105,772 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,772 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive loss | (8,308) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,308) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | (56) |  |  | — |  |  | (56) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan | 2,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,074 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock dividends | (6,418) |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,450) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock | (206,292) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (206,292) |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | 2,859 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,859 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | 1,842,422 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 70,121 |  |  | $ | (101,531) |  |  | $ | 3,095,166 |  |  | $ | (1,222,645) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | 2,118,087 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 81,556 |  |  | $ | (86,527) |  |  | $ | 3,450,553 |  |  | $ | (1,328,808) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | 169,746 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 169,409 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |
Other comprehensive loss | (4,830) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,830) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | (70) |  |  | — |  |  | (70) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan | 2,328 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,328 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock dividends | (8,484) |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | (8,520) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock (2) | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | 3,168 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | 2,279,969 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 87,018 |  |  | $ | (91,357) |  |  | $ | 3,611,442 |  |  | $ | (1,328,784) |  |  | $ | 1,039 |

_________
(1)Represents cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and post-retirement liability adjustments.
(2)Represents adjustment to estimate of excise tax on net share repurchases. Estimates of excise tax are subject to change in subsequent reporting periods, particularly if the amount of our share issuances exceed our share repurchases, thereby reducing the estimated excise tax due for the annual period. Refer to Note 10 - Common Stock for further detail regarding the excise tax on net share repurchases.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023
(In thousands)(Unaudited)

|  |  | EMCOR Group, Inc. Stockholders |  |
| Total |  | Common stock |  | Capital surplus |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1) |  | Retained earnings |  | Treasury stock |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 2,253,089 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | $ | 61,874 |  |  | $ | (83,562) |  |  | $ | 2,835,504 |  |  | $ | (562,036) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | 279,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 279,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive loss | (17,969) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,969) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | (7,295) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,295) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan | 6,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,097 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock dividends | (20,037) |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | (20,160) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock | (660,609) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (660,609) |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | 9,322 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,322 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | 1,842,422 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 70,121 |  |  | $ | (101,531) |  |  | $ | 3,095,166 |  |  | $ | (1,222,645) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | 1,974,291 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 74,795 |  |  | $ | (93,451) |  |  | $ | 3,214,281 |  |  | $ | (1,222,645) |  |  | $ | 702 |
Net income including noncontrolling interests | 421,814 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 421,477 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |
Other comprehensive income | 2,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans | (5,365) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,365) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan | 6,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,769 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock dividends | (24,198) |  |  | — |  |  | 118 |  |  | — |  |  | (24,316) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock | (106,139) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (106,139) |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | 10,703 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,703 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | 2,279,969 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 87,018 |  |  | $ | (91,357) |  |  | $ | 3,611,442 |  |  | $ | (1,328,784) |  |  | $ | 1,039 |

_________
(1)Represents cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and post-retirement liability adjustments.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 1 - Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Consequently, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. References to the “Company,” “EMCOR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar words refer to EMCOR Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. Readers of this report should refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of those of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present fairly our financial position and the results of our operations.
Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.
The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.
NOTE 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) has issued an accounting standards update, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to existing U.S. GAAP. This guidance is aimed at easing the financial reporting burdens related to reference rate reform, including the market transition from the London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”), or other interbank offered rates, to alternative reference rates. Such accounting pronouncement, as amended, allows entities to account for and present certain contract modifications, which occur before December 31, 2024 and result from the transition to an alternative reference rate, as an event that does not require remeasurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In order to utilize such guidance, an entity must first conclude that the modified terms directly replace or have the potential to replace an eligible reference rate due to reference rate reform, and that any contemporaneous changes to other terms that change, or have the potential to change, the amount or timing of contractual cash flows are related to the replacement of a reference rate. During the second quarter of 2023, we amended our credit agreement to change the reference rate from LIBOR to an interest rate based on the secured overnight financing rate, as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). As such amendment falls within the scope of the aforementioned guidance, we adopted this accounting pronouncement and utilized the optional expedients referenced above. We are not exposed to any other material contracts that reference LIBOR. The amendment of our credit agreement and the adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a material impact on our financial position and/or results of operations.
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the following five step model:
(1) Identify the contract with a customer
A contract with a customer exists when: (a) the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the rights of the parties can be identified, (c) payment terms can be identified, (d) the arrangement has commercial substance, and (e) collectability of consideration is probable. Judgment is required when determining if the contractual criteria are met, specifically in the earlier stages of a project when a formally executed contract may not yet exist. In these situations, the Company evaluates all relevant facts and circumstances, including the existence of other forms of documentation or historical experience with our customers that may indicate a contractual agreement is in place and revenue should be recognized. In determining if the collectability of consideration is probable, the Company considers the customer’s ability and intention to pay such consideration through an evaluation of several factors, including an assessment of the creditworthiness of the customer and our prior collection history with such customer.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract and identifies, as a separate performance obligation, each distinct promise to transfer goods or services to the customer. The identified performance obligations represent the “unit of account” for purposes of determining revenue recognition. In order to properly identify separate performance obligations, the Company applies judgment in determining whether each good or service provided is: (a) capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and (b) distinct within the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.
In addition, when assessing performance obligations within a contract, the Company considers the warranty provisions included within such contract. To the extent the warranty terms provide the customer with an additional service, other than assurance that the promised good or service complies with agreed upon specifications, such warranty is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. In determining whether a warranty provides an additional service, the Company considers each warranty provision in comparison to warranty terms which are standard in the industry.
Our contracts are often modified through change orders to account for changes in the scope and price of the goods or services we are providing. Although the Company evaluates each change order to determine whether such modification creates a separate performance obligation, the majority of our change orders are for goods or services that are not distinct within the context of our original contract and, therefore, are not treated as separate performance obligations.
(3) Determine the transaction price
The transaction price represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to our customers. The consideration promised within a contract may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. To the extent the performance obligation includes variable consideration, including contract bonuses and penalties that can either increase or decrease the transaction price, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price utilizing one of two prescribed methods, depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled. Such methods include: (a) the expected value method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts, and (b) the most likely amount method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. When applying these methods, the Company considers all information that is reasonably available, including historical, current, and estimates of future performance. The expected value method is typically utilized in situations where a contract contains a large number of possible outcomes while the most likely amount method is typically utilized in situations where a contract has only two possible outcomes.
Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable, in the Company’s judgment, that a significant future reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. This threshold is referred to as the variable consideration constraint. In assessing whether to apply the variable consideration constraint, the Company considers if factors exist that could increase the likelihood or the magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue, including, but not limited to, whether: (a) the amount of consideration is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence, such as the actions of third parties, (b) the uncertainty surrounding the amount of consideration is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time, (c) the Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited or that experience has limited predictive value, (d) the Company has a practice of either offering a broad range of price concessions or changing the payment terms and conditions of similar contracts in similar circumstances, and (e) the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts.
Pending change orders represent one of the most common forms of variable consideration included within contract value and typically represent contract modifications for which a change in scope has been authorized or acknowledged by our customer but the final adjustment to contract price is yet to be negotiated. In estimating the transaction price for pending change orders, the Company considers all relevant facts, including documented correspondence with the customer regarding acknowledgment of and/or agreement with the modification, as well as historical experience with the customer or similar contractual circumstances. Based upon this assessment, the Company estimates the transaction price, including whether the variable consideration constraint should be applied.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
Contract claims are another form of variable consideration which is common within our industry. Claim amounts represent revenue that has been recognized for contract modifications that are not submitted or are in dispute as to both scope and price. In estimating the transaction price for claims, the Company considers all relevant facts available. However, given the uncertainty surrounding claims, including the potential long-term nature of dispute resolution and the broad range of possible consideration amounts, there is an increased likelihood that any additional contract revenue associated with contract claims is constrained. The resolution of claims involves negotiations and, in certain cases, litigation. In the event litigation costs are incurred by us in connection with claims, such litigation costs are expensed as incurred, although we may seek to recover these costs.
For some transactions, the receipt of consideration does not match the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For such contracts, the Company evaluates whether this timing difference represents a financing arrangement within the contract. Although rare, if a contract is determined to contain a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when determining the transaction price of such contract. Although our customers may retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the project and final contract settlement, these retainage amounts are not considered a significant financing component as the intent of the withheld amounts is to provide the customer with assurance that we will complete our obligations under the contract rather than to provide financing to the customer. In addition, although we may be entitled to advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts, these advanced payments generally do not represent a significant financing component as the payments are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract, as well as to protect us from our customer failing to meet its obligations under the contract.
Changes in the estimates of transaction prices are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Such changes in estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the ultimate outcome differs from the Company’s previous estimate.
(4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The Company determines the standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation would have been sold separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If the standalone selling price is not observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account all available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. In certain circumstances, the standalone selling price is determined using an expected profit margin on anticipated costs related to the performance obligation.
(5) Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied
The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to its customers. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. The Company can transfer control of a good or service and satisfy its performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following three criteria are met: (a) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform, (b) the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or (c) the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
For our performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion can be either an input method or an output method and requires judgment based on the nature of the goods or services to be provided.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
For our construction contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as it is created or enhanced. Our fixed price construction projects generally use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. For our unit price construction contracts, progress towards complete satisfaction is measured through an output method, such as the number of units produced or delivered, when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process or finished goods prior to complete satisfaction of such performance obligations.
For our services contracts, revenue is also generally recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our performance as we perform the service. For our fixed price service contracts with specified service periods, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over such service period when our inputs are expended evenly and the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance throughout the contract term.
The timing of revenue recognition for the manufacturing of new build heat exchangers within our United States industrial services segment depends on the payment terms of the contract, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us. For those contracts for which we have a right to payment for performance completed to date at all times throughout our performance, inclusive of a cancellation, we recognize revenue over time. For these performance obligations, we use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. However, for those contracts for which we do not have a right, at all times, to payment for performance completed to date, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the heat exchanger, which may be prior to shipping if certain recognition criteria are met.
For certain of our revenue streams, such as call-out repair and service work, outage services, refinery turnarounds, and specialty welding services that are performed under time and materials contracts, our progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligations is measured using an output method as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance completed to date.
Changes in Estimates
Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, as well as the significant judgment involved in determining variable consideration, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation, and/or our estimates of transaction prices, will be revised in the near term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, or changes in the estimate of transaction prices, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicates a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident.
Based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs or anticipated contract value, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, our operating results were negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as summarized in the following table (in thousands):

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,635 |  |  | $ | 10,549 |  |  | $ | 12,219 |  |  | $ | 26,460 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 7,933 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | 13,416 |  |  | 8,443 |
United States building services | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,977 |  |  | — |
Total impact | $ | 10,568 |  |  | $ | 11,822 |  |  | $ | 28,612 |  |  | $ | 34,903 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized revenue of approximately $10.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively, on individual projects that were substantially complete in prior periods, but had revisions to total estimated cost or anticipated contract value, which resulted in an increase to profitability in excess of $1.0 million. Of the amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $4.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and approximately $5.8 million and $18.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment. There were no significant amounts of revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.
Disaggregation of Revenues
Our revenues are principally derived from contracts to provide construction services relating to electrical and mechanical systems, as well as to provide a number of building services and industrial services to our customers. Our contracts are with many different customers in numerous industries.
The following tables provide further disaggregation of our revenues, by categories we use to evaluate our financial performance within each of our reportable segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except for percentages). Refer to Note 14 - Segment Information of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on how we disaggregate our revenues by reportable segment.
Due to continued growth in certain of our end markets, beginning with the first quarter of 2023, we have expanded the market sectors included in the disclosure for each of our United States construction segments, as shown below. All prior period disclosures have been adjusted to additionally reflect these changes.

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Network and communications market sector | $ | 236,454 |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 209,265 |  |  | 33 | %
Commercial market sector | 104,270 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 106,058 |  |  | 17 | %
Manufacturing and industrial market sector | 97,788 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 78,562 |  |  | 12 | %
Healthcare market sector | 62,126 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 43,911 |  |  | 7 | %
High-tech manufacturing market sector | 33,482 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 20,132 |  |  | 3 | %
Institutional market sector | 37,916 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 46,344 |  |  | 7 | %
Transportation market sector | 43,287 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 40,525 |  |  | 7 | %
Water and wastewater market sector | 6,327 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 5,466 |  |  | 1 | %
Hospitality and entertainment market sector | 16,708 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 8,598 |  |  | 1 | %
Short duration projects (1) | 43,481 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 58,637 |  |  | 9 | %
Service work | 15,927 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 16,829 |  |  | 3 | %
| 697,766 |  |  |  |  | 634,327 |  |  |
Less intersegment revenues | (360) |  |  |  |  | (944) |  |  |
Total segment revenues | $ | 697,406 |  |  |  |  | $ | 633,383 |  |  |

________
(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Network and communications market sector | $ | 102,630 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 87,070 |  |  | 8 | %
Commercial market sector | 283,659 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 271,908 |  |  | 25 | %
Manufacturing and industrial market sector | 178,123 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 156,524 |  |  | 14 | %
Healthcare market sector | 123,025 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 120,185 |  |  | 11 | %
High-tech manufacturing market sector | 255,229 |  |  | 19 | % |  | 81,970 |  |  | 7 | %
Institutional market sector | 89,215 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 99,066 |  |  | 9 | %
Transportation market sector | 10,168 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 15,494 |  |  | 1 | %
Water and wastewater market sector | 65,219 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 66,667 |  |  | 6 | %
Hospitality and entertainment market sector | 14,716 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 9,910 |  |  | 1 | %
Short duration projects (1) | 81,851 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 76,073 |  |  | 7 | %
Service work | 128,912 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 127,033 |  |  | 11 | %
| 1,332,747 |  |  |  |  | 1,111,900 |  |  |
Less intersegment revenues | (3,147) |  |  |  |  | (3,245) |  |  |
Total segment revenues | $ | 1,329,600 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,108,655 |  |  |

________
(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States building services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mechanical services | $ | 542,371 |  |  | 66 | % |  | $ | 471,134 |  |  | 65 | %
Commercial site-based services | 222,499 |  |  | 27 | % |  | 199,957 |  |  | 28 | %
Government site-based services | 52,848 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 48,292 |  |  | 7 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 817,718 |  |  |  |  | $ | 719,383 |  |  |

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States industrial services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Field services | $ | 214,341 |  |  | 85 | % |  | $ | 213,866 |  |  | 87 | %
Shop services | 37,807 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 33,373 |  |  | 13 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 252,148 |  |  |  |  | $ | 247,239 |  |  |
Total United States operations | $ | 3,096,872 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,708,660 |  |  |

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United Kingdom building services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service work | $ | 54,286 |  |  | 49 | % |  | $ | 51,762 |  |  | 44 | %
Project work | 56,440 |  |  | 51 | % |  | 65,939 |  |  | 56 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 110,726 |  |  |  |  | $ | 117,701 |  |  |
Total operations | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,826,361 |  |  |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Network and communications market sector | $ | 665,493 |  |  | 33 | % |  | $ | 534,130 |  |  | 31 | %
Commercial market sector | 295,188 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 301,908 |  |  | 17 | %
Manufacturing and industrial market sector | 278,912 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 210,331 |  |  | 12 | %
Healthcare market sector | 182,442 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 119,259 |  |  | 7 | %
High-tech manufacturing market sector | 102,075 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 62,956 |  |  | 4 | %
Institutional market sector | 112,577 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 115,799 |  |  | 7 | %
Transportation market sector | 118,436 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 128,047 |  |  | 7 | %
Water and wastewater market sector | 18,388 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 15,962 |  |  | 1 | %
Hospitality and entertainment market sector | 56,510 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 19,892 |  |  | 1 | %
Short duration projects (1) | 141,901 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 167,553 |  |  | 10 | %
Service work | 50,080 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 47,253 |  |  | 3 | %
| 2,022,002 |  |  |  |  | 1,723,090 |  |  |
Less intersegment revenues | (1,683) |  |  |  |  | (3,565) |  |  |
Total segment revenues | $ | 2,020,319 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,719,525 |  |  |

________
(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Network and communications market sector | $ | 289,085 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 203,347 |  |  | 6 | %
Commercial market sector | 828,809 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 799,729 |  |  | 25 | %
Manufacturing and industrial market sector | 485,809 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 461,385 |  |  | 15 | %
Healthcare market sector | 353,595 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 367,002 |  |  | 12 | %
High-tech manufacturing market sector | 549,678 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 211,071 |  |  | 7 | %
Institutional market sector | 224,889 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 251,715 |  |  | 8 | %
Transportation market sector | 31,615 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 47,793 |  |  | 1 | %
Water and wastewater market sector | 201,167 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 196,157 |  |  | 6 | %
Hospitality and entertainment market sector | 38,324 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 34,108 |  |  | 1 | %
Short duration projects (1) | 237,246 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 254,102 |  |  | 8 | %
Service work | 368,378 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 340,682 |  |  | 11 | %
| 3,608,595 |  |  |  |  | 3,167,091 |  |  |
Less intersegment revenues | (6,324) |  |  |  |  | (8,143) |  |  |
Total segment revenues | $ | 3,602,271 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,158,948 |  |  |

________
(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States building services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mechanical services | $ | 1,519,410 |  |  | 65 | % |  | $ | 1,300,555 |  |  | 64 | %
Commercial site-based services | 639,193 |  |  | 28 | % |  | 596,589 |  |  | 29 | %
Government site-based services | 159,502 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 144,411 |  |  | 7 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 2,318,105 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,041,555 |  |  |

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United States industrial services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Field services | $ | 751,062 |  |  | 86 | % |  | $ | 732,826 |  |  | 87 | %
Shop services | 124,252 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 109,698 |  |  | 13 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 875,314 |  |  |  |  | $ | 842,524 |  |  |
Total United States operations | $ | 8,816,009 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,762,552 |  |  |

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
United Kingdom building services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service work | $ | 157,631 |  |  | 48 | % |  | $ | 170,840 |  |  | 47 | %
Project work | 170,012 |  |  | 52 | % |  | 192,906 |  |  | 53 | %
Total segment revenues | $ | 327,643 |  |  |  |  | $ | 363,746 |  |  |
Total operations | $ | 9,143,652 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,126,298 |  |  |

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable are recognized in the period we deliver goods and services to our customers or when our right to consideration is unconditional. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to reduce outstanding receivables to their net realizable value. A considerable amount of judgment is required when determining expected credit losses. Estimates of such losses are recorded when we believe a customer, or group of customers, may not be able to meet their financial obligations due to deterioration in financial condition or credit rating. Factors relevant to our assessment include our prior collection history with our customers, the related aging of past due balances, projections of credit losses based on historical trends in credit quality indicators or past events, and forecasts of future economic conditions. In addition to monitoring delinquent accounts, management reviews the credit quality of its receivables by, among other things, obtaining credit ratings of significant customers, assessing economic and market conditions, and evaluating material changes to a customer’s business, cash flows, and financial condition.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our allowance for credit losses was $21.6 million and $22.4 million, respectively. The decrease in our allowance for credit losses was attributable to the write-off of specific amounts deemed uncollectible, partially offset by the provision for credit losses recorded during the first nine months of 2023. Allowances for credit losses are based on the best facts available and are reassessed and adjusted on a regular basis as additional information is received. Should anticipated collections fail to materialize, or if future economic conditions compare unfavorably to our forecasts, we could experience an increase in our credit losses.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
The change in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 22,382 |
Provision for credit losses | 5,256 |
Net amounts written off against the allowance, net of recoveries | (5,994) |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | $ | 21,644 |

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Contract assets include unbilled amounts from our construction projects when revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceed the amounts invoiced to our customers, as the amounts are not yet billable under the terms of our contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from our customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units, or completion of a contract. In addition, many of our time and materials arrangements, as well as our contracts to perform turnaround services within the United States industrial services segment, are billed in arrears pursuant to contract terms that are standard within the industry, resulting in contract assets and/or unbilled receivables being recorded as revenue is recognized in advance of billings.
Also included in contract assets are amounts we seek or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders or modifications in dispute or unapproved as to scope and/or price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Our contract assets do not include capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill a contract. Contract assets are generally classified as current within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract liabilities from our construction contracts arise when amounts invoiced to our customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation and are recorded as either current or long-term, depending upon when we expect to recognize such revenue. The long-term portion of contract liabilities is included in “Other long-term obligations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Net contract liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current | $ | 308,868 |  |  | $ | 273,176 |
Contract assets, non-current | — |  |  | — |
Contract liabilities, current | (1,489,324) |  |  | (1,098,263) |
Contract liabilities, non-current | (2,060) |  |  | (2,273) |
Net contract liabilities | $ | (1,182,516) |  |  | $ | (827,360) |

Contract assets and contract liabilities increased by approximately $1.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively, as a result of acquisitions made by us during the first nine months of 2023. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, net contract liabilities increased by approximately $352.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in net contract liabilities on our uncompleted construction projects, partially as a result of the timing of invoicing to our customers, which included customer deposits and advanced billings on several large projects in the earlier stages of completion, resulting in amounts invoiced exceeding the revenue recognized for such projects. There was no significant impairment of contract assets recognized during the periods presented.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentages of total remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands, except for percentages):

| September 30, 2023 |  | % of Total
Remaining performance obligations: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,158,104 |  |  | 25 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 4,875,551 |  |  | 56 | %
United States building services | 1,313,779 |  |  | 15 | %
United States industrial services | 133,894 |  |  | 2 | %
Total United States operations | 8,481,328 |  |  | 98 | %
United Kingdom building services | 154,115 |  |  | 2 | %
Total operations | $ | 8,635,443 |  |  | 100 | %

Our remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023 were $8.64 billion. Remaining performance obligations increase with awards of new contracts and decrease as we perform work and recognize revenue on existing contracts. We include a project within our remaining performance obligations at such time the project is awarded and agreement on contract terms has been reached. Our remaining performance obligations include amounts related to contracts for which a fixed price contract value is not assigned when a reasonable estimate of the total transaction price can be made.
Remaining performance obligations include unrecognized revenues to be realized from uncompleted construction contracts. Although many of our construction contracts are subject to cancellation at the election of our customers, in accordance with industry practice, we do not limit the amount of unrecognized revenue included within remaining performance obligations for these contracts as the risk of cancellation is very low due to the inherent substantial economic penalty that our customers would incur upon cancellation or termination. We believe our reported remaining performance obligations for our construction contracts are firm and contract cancellations have not had a material adverse effect on us.
Remaining performance obligations also include unrecognized revenues expected to be realized over the remaining term of service contracts. However, to the extent a service contract includes a cancellation clause which allows for the termination of such contract by either party without a substantive penalty, the remaining contract term, and therefore, the amount of unrecognized revenues included within remaining performance obligations, is limited to the notice period required for the termination.
Our remaining performance obligations are comprised of: (a) original contract amounts, (b) change orders for which we have received written confirmations from our customers, (c) pending change orders for which we expect to receive confirmations in the ordinary course of business, (d) claim amounts that we have made against customers for which we have determined we have a legal basis under existing contractual arrangements and as to which the variable consideration constraint does not apply, and (e) other forms of variable consideration to the extent that such variable consideration has been included within the transaction price of our contracts. Such claim and other variable consideration amounts were immaterial for all periods presented.
Refer to the table below for additional information regarding our remaining performance obligations, including an estimate of when we expect to recognize such remaining performance obligations as revenue (in thousands):

| Within one year |  | Greater than one year
Remaining performance obligations: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 1,743,345 |  |  | $ | 414,759 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 4,021,465 |  |  | 854,086 |
United States building services | 1,166,368 |  |  | 147,411 |
United States industrial services | 133,894 |  |  | — |
Total United States operations | 7,065,072 |  |  | 1,416,256 |
United Kingdom building services | 107,125 |  |  | 46,990 |
Total operations | $ | 7,172,197 |  |  | $ | 1,463,246 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 4 - Acquisitions of Businesses
Acquisitions are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method of accounting and the prices paid for them are allocated to their respective assets and liabilities based upon the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities at the dates of their respective acquisition by us.
During the first nine months of 2023, we acquired seven companies for total consideration of $92.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a national energy efficiency specialty services firm, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States building services segment, and (b) six companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that have been included within our Unites States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, one of which provides mechanical and pipe fabrication services, and one of which provides fire protection services, both in the Midwestern region of the United States, and (ii) four mechanical services companies in the Western and Midwestern regions of the United States, that have been included within our United States building services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $9.1 million and other net liabilities of $6.7 million, including certain deferred tax liabilities, and have preliminarily ascribed $34.2 million to goodwill and $56.2 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that $23.2 million of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2023 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.
During calendar year 2022, we acquired six companies for total consideration of $100.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Greater Boston area, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, and (b) five companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that provide fire protection services in the Northeastern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, (ii) two companies that specialize in either building automation and controls or mechanical services in the Southwestern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States building services segment, and (iii) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Midwestern region of the United States and that has been included within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $7.1 million and other net liabilities of $1.1 million, and have ascribed $28.9 million to goodwill and $65.9 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that all of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2022 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.
The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2023 are preliminary and subject to change during their respective measurement periods. As we finalize such purchase price allocations, adjustments may be recorded relating to finalization of intangible asset valuations, tax matters, or other items. Although not expected to be significant, such adjustments may result in changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities acquired. The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2022 have been finalized during their respective measurement periods with an insignificant impact.
NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share
Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share
The following tables summarize our calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share (“EPS”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Numerator: |  |  |
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. | $ | 169,409 |  |  | $ | 105,772 |
Denominator: |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share | 47,173,974 |  |  | 48,867,420 |
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards | 224,223 |  |  | 182,731 |
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share | 47,398,197 |  |  | 49,050,151 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 3.59 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.57 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share (Continued)

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Numerator: |  |  |
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. | $ | 421,477 |  |  | $ | 279,822 |
Denominator: |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share | 47,446,298 |  |  | 50,676,365 |
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards | 196,465 |  |  | 197,010 |
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share | 47,642,763 |  |  | 50,873,375 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 8.88 |  |  | $ | 5.52 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 8.85 |  |  | $ | 5.50 |

The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 because they would be anti-dilutive were 400 and 800, respectively. The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 because they would be anti-dilutive were 850 and 1,350, respectively.
NOTE 6 - Inventories
Inventories in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials and construction materials | $ | 93,750 |  |  | $ | 74,014 |
Work in process | 21,716 |  |  | 11,627 |
Inventories | $ | 115,466 |  |  | $ | 85,641 |

The increase in inventories as of September 30, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022, was a result of: (a) advanced purchases of materials and equipment for use on specific construction projects, in an effort to mitigate the impact of increased lead times, which have resulted from supply chain disruptions, (b) an increase in raw materials on hand to support our fabrication facilities given the growth in demand for our fire protection services, and (c) higher levels of work in process inventory within our United States industrial services segment given greater new build heat exchanger orders.
NOTE 7 - Debt
Debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Term loan | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | 242,813 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (1,360) |  |  | (2,080) |
Finance lease liabilities | 5,322 |  |  | 6,459 |
Total debt | 103,962 |  |  | 247,192 |
Less: current maturities | 6,482 |  |  | 15,567 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 97,480 |  |  | $ | 231,625 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 7 - Debt (Continued)
Credit Agreement
We have a credit agreement dated as of March 2, 2020, which provides for a $1.3 billion revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $300.0 million term loan (the “2020 Term Loan”) (collectively referred to as the “Original 2020 Credit Agreement”) expiring March 2, 2025. On April 28, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Original 2020 Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which the reference rate contained therein was changed from LIBOR to Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined below). The Original 2020 Credit Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment, is hereinafter referred to as “the 2020 Credit Agreement.” We may increase the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to $1.9 billion if additional lenders are identified and/or existing lenders are willing to increase their current commitments. We may allocate up to $400.0 million of available capacity under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to letters of credit for our account or for the account of any of our subsidiaries.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the 2020 Term Loan was $100.0 million and $242.8 million, respectively. There were no direct borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. However, outstanding letters of credit reduce the available capacity under such facility, and as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $123.7 million and $71.3 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding.
At the Company’s election, borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the applicable tenor plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (5.42% at September 30, 2023) plus a margin of 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of: (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (8.50% at September 30, 2023), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus ½ of 1.00%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%.
The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 6.42% and 5.73%, respectively. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.10% of the unused amount as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fees for letters of credit issued under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility range from 0.75% to 1.75% of the respective face amounts of outstanding letters of credit, depending on the nature of the letter of credit, and are computed based on certain financial tests. We capitalized an additional $3.1 million of debt issuance costs associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement. Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the agreement as part of interest expense.
Obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by most of our direct and indirect subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of our assets. The 2020 Credit Agreement contains various covenants providing for, among other things, the maintenance of certain financial ratios and certain limitations on the payment of dividends, common stock repurchases, investments, acquisitions, indebtedness, and capital expenditures. We were in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
We are required to make annual principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan. Voluntary prepayments are applied against the outstanding balance of the loan and reduce our future scheduled payments on a ratable basis. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we made a prepayment in the amount of $142.8 million. Based on our outstanding balance, principal payments of $5.0 million are due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, with any remaining unpaid principal and interest due on March 2, 2025.
NOTE 8 - Fair Value Measurements
For disclosure purposes, we utilize a fair value hierarchy to categorize qualifying assets and liabilities into three broad levels based on the priority of the inputs used to determine their fair values. The hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs, is comprised of the following three levels:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 – Observable inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 8 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables summarize the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| Assets at Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
Asset Category | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 523,632 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 523,632 |
Deferred compensation plan assets (2) | 43,004 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,004 |
Total | $ | 566,636 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 566,636 |

| Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
Asset Category | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 456,439 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 456,439 |
Deferred compensation plan assets (2) | 36,882 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,882 |
Restricted cash (3) | 629 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 629 |
Total | $ | 493,950 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 493,950 |

_________________________
(1)Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are Level 1 assets. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $361.9 million and $209.4 million, respectively, in money market funds. From time to time, we have cash balances in certain of our domestic bank accounts that exceed federally insured limits.
(2)Deferred compensation plan assets are classified as “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)Restricted cash is classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in account for use on customer contracts.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
We have recorded goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in connection with our business acquisitions. Such assets are measured at fair value at the time of acquisition based on valuation techniques that appropriately represent the methods which would be used by other market participants in determining fair value. In addition, goodwill, intangible assets, and certain other long-lived assets are tested for impairment using similar valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of such assets. Periodically, we engage an independent third-party valuation specialist to assist with the valuation process, including the selection of appropriate methodologies and the development of market-based assumptions. The inputs used for these nonrecurring fair value measurements represent Level 3 inputs.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we identified facts and circumstances that indicated the carrying values of certain long-lived assets within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment may not be fully recoverable, necessitating a comparison of their carrying values to the undiscounted pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of such assets. As a result of this test, we determined that these assets were impaired, and recognized a $2.4 million impairment charge as calculated using a discounted cash flow model. As of September 30, 2023, the value of these assets was $2.0 million, which represents fair value as determined on a nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We believe that the carrying values of our financial instruments, which include accounts receivable and other financing commitments, approximate their fair values due primarily to their short-term maturities and low risk of counterparty default. The carrying value of our debt associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement approximates its fair value due to the variable rate on such debt.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 9 - Income Taxes
The following table presents our income tax provision and our income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Income tax provision | $ | 64,863 |  |  | $ | 42,153 |  |  | $ | 159,292 |  |  | $ | 104,927 |
Income tax rate | 27.7 | % |  | 28.5 | % |  | 27.4 | % |  | 27.3 | %

The difference between the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was primarily a result of state and local income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences.
The increase in our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to greater income before income taxes. While our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is comparable to that for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the difference between our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was attributable to a revision to our estimate of the full year impact of certain permanent book-to-tax differences during the third quarter of 2022.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no unrecognized income tax benefits.
We file a consolidated federal income tax return including all of our U.S. subsidiaries with the Internal Revenue Service. We additionally file income tax returns with various state, local, and foreign tax agencies. Our income tax returns are subject to audit by various taxing authorities and are currently under examination for the years 2017 through 2020.
Legislation has been enacted in the United Kingdom to implement measures in concert with the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Pillar Two framework for international taxation developed by the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “Pillar Two Model Rules”). The Pillar Two Model Rules are intended to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a minimum 15% effective tax rate in every jurisdiction in which they operate. While we do not anticipate that these rules will have a material effect on our tax provision or effective tax rate, we continue to monitor evolving tax legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
NOTE 10 - Common Stock
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 47,141,954 and 47,666,725 shares of our common stock outstanding, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 11,838 and 19,573 shares of common stock, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 126,492 and 191,330 shares of common stock, respectively. These shares were issued upon either the satisfaction of required conditions under our share-based compensation plans or the purchase of common stock pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan.
We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share.
In September 2011, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to begin repurchasing shares of our outstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time increased the amount authorized for repurchases under such program. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Board has authorized us to repurchase up to $2.15 billion of our outstanding common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately 0.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $106.1 million. Since the inception of the repurchase program through September 30, 2023, we have repurchased approximately 25.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $1.87 billion. As of September 30, 2023, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $283.7 million of our shares. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be suspended, recommenced, or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. We may repurchase our shares from time to time to the extent permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, including provisions in our 2020 Credit Agreement placing limitations on such repurchases.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposes a nondeductible excise tax of 1% on the fair value of net stock repurchases in excess of share issuances made by publicly traded U.S. corporations, effective for repurchases after December 31, 2022. Starting with the first quarter of 2023, we have included the applicable excise tax as a component of treasury stock as it represents a direct cost associated with the repurchase of our common stock.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 11 - Retirement Plans
The funded status of our defined benefit plans, which represents the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations, is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses for the differences between actuarial assumptions and actual results are recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost (income) within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Our United Kingdom subsidiary has a defined benefit pension plan covering all eligible employees (the “UK Plan”); however, no individual joining the company after October 31, 2001 may participate in the UK Plan. On May 31, 2010, we curtailed the future accrual of benefits for active employees under such plan.
We also sponsor three domestic retirement plans in which participation by new individuals is frozen. Amounts related to these domestic retirement plans were immaterial for all periods presented.
Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
The components of net periodic pension cost (income) of the UK Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest cost | $ | 2,472 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | 7,299 |  |  | $ | 4,325 |
Expected return on plan assets | (2,903) |  |  | (2,856) |  |  | (8,572) |  |  | (9,182) |
Amortization of unrecognized loss | 664 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 1,961 |  |  | 1,574 |
Net periodic pension cost (income) | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | (1,022) |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | (3,283) |

NOTE 12 - Commitments and Contingencies
Severance Agreements
We have agreements with our executive officers and certain other key management personnel providing for severance benefits for such employees upon termination of their employment under certain circumstances.
Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.
Surety Bonds
The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, surety bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. These surety bonds are issued in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of the bond, and secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts. We have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of surety bonds issued on our behalf. As of September 30, 2023, based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by surety bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $2.0 billion, which represents approximately 23% of our total remaining performance obligations.
Surety bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for certain of our employees, at the request of labor unions representing such employees. In addition, surety bonds may be issued as collateral for certain insurance obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we satisfied approximately $48.1 million of the collateral requirements of our insurance programs by utilizing surety bonds.
We are not aware of any losses in connection with surety bonds that have been posted on our behalf, and we do not expect to incur significant losses in the foreseeable future.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
Hazardous Materials
We are subject to regulation with respect to the handling or disposal of certain materials used in the performance of our services, which are classified as hazardous or toxic by federal, state, and local agencies. Our practice is to avoid participation in projects principally involving the remediation or removal of such materials. However, when remediation is required as part of our contract performance, we believe we comply with all applicable regulations governing the discharge of hazardous materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment.
Government Contracts
As a government contractor, we are subject to U.S. government audits and investigations relating to our operations, which such audits may result in fines, penalties and compensatory and treble damages, and possible suspension or debarment from doing business with the government. Based on currently available information, we believe the outcome of ongoing government disputes and investigations will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We record a loss contingency if the potential loss from a proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated or a range of loss can be determined. We provide disclosure when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred in excess of any recorded provision. Significant judgment is required in these determinations. As additional information becomes available, we reassess prior determinations and may change our estimates. Additional claims may be asserted against us in the future. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that a litigation matter for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decision could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
Insurance Liabilities
We have loss payment deductibles for certain workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, and property claims, have self-insured retentions for certain other casualty claims, and are self-insured for employee-related healthcare claims. In addition, we maintain a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary to manage certain of our insurance liabilities. Losses are recorded based upon estimates of our liability for claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. The liabilities are derived from known facts, historical trends, and industry averages, utilizing the assistance of an independent third-party actuary to determine the best estimate for the majority of these obligations. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities, included in “Other accrued expenses and liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $52.4 million and $54.8 million, respectively. The estimated non-current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities included in “Other long-term obligations” as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $225.4 million and $221.7 million, respectively. The current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $13.2 million and $16.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and the non-current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $50.6 million and $59.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 13 - Additional Cash Flow Information
The following table presents additional cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 13,632 |  |  | $ | 6,343 |
Income taxes | $ | 161,070 |  |  | $ | 133,540 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 99,745 |  |  | $ | 52,431 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | 1,124 |

NOTE 14 - Segment Information
We are one of the largest specialty contractors in the United States and a leading provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. Such operating subsidiaries are organized into the following reportable segments:
•United States electrical construction and facilities services;
•United States mechanical construction and facilities services;
•United States building services;
•United States industrial services; and
•United Kingdom building services.
We refer to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment together as our United States construction segments.
Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.
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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)
The following tables present financial information for each of our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues from unrelated entities: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 697,406 |  |  | $ | 633,383 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 1,329,600 |  |  | 1,108,655 |
United States building services | 817,718 |  |  | 719,383 |
United States industrial services | 252,148 |  |  | 247,239 |
Total United States operations | 3,096,872 |  |  | 2,708,660 |
United Kingdom building services | 110,726 |  |  | 117,701 |
Total operations | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  | $ | 2,826,361 |
Total revenues: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 697,897 |  |  | $ | 634,957 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 1,342,149 |  |  | 1,125,162 |
United States building services | 846,400 |  |  | 744,801 |
United States industrial services | 252,244 |  |  | 266,182 |
Less intersegment revenues | (41,818) |  |  | (62,442) |
Total United States operations | 3,096,872 |  |  | 2,708,660 |
United Kingdom building services | 110,726 |  |  | 117,701 |
Total operations | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  | $ | 2,826,361 |

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues from unrelated entities: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,020,319 |  |  | $ | 1,719,525 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 3,602,271 |  |  | 3,158,948 |
United States building services | 2,318,105 |  |  | 2,041,555 |
United States industrial services | 875,314 |  |  | 842,524 |
Total United States operations | 8,816,009 |  |  | 7,762,552 |
United Kingdom building services | 327,643 |  |  | 363,746 |
Total operations | $ | 9,143,652 |  |  | $ | 8,126,298 |
Total revenues: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,022,557 |  |  | $ | 1,724,400 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 3,650,875 |  |  | 3,187,117 |
United States building services | 2,397,944 |  |  | 2,116,385 |
United States industrial services | 883,808 |  |  | 878,123 |
Less intersegment revenues | (139,175) |  |  | (143,473) |
Total United States operations | 8,816,009 |  |  | 7,762,552 |
United Kingdom building services | 327,643 |  |  | 363,746 |
Total operations | $ | 9,143,652 |  |  | $ | 8,126,298 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating income (loss): |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 63,127 |  |  | $ | 35,558 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 138,476 |  |  | 90,500 |
United States building services | 57,156 |  |  | 46,041 |
United States industrial services | (174) |  |  | (1,392) |
Total United States operations | 258,585 |  |  | 170,707 |
United Kingdom building services | 8,869 |  |  | 8,369 |
Corporate administration | (30,121) |  |  | (28,982) |
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | (2,350) |  |  | — |
Total operations | 234,983 |  |  | 150,094 |
Other items: |  |  |
Net periodic pension (cost) income | (284) |  |  | 1,025 |
Interest expense, net | (90) |  |  | (3,194) |
Income before income taxes | $ | 234,609 |  |  | $ | 147,925 |

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating income (loss): |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 154,365 |  |  | $ | 90,646 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 344,550 |  |  | 225,545 |
United States building services | 140,943 |  |  | 108,698 |
United States industrial services | 22,733 |  |  | 18,324 |
Total United States operations | 662,591 |  |  | 443,213 |
United Kingdom building services | 20,220 |  |  | 25,372 |
Corporate administration | (93,901) |  |  | (80,890) |
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | (2,350) |  |  | — |
Total operations | 586,560 |  |  | 387,695 |
Other items: |  |  |
Net periodic pension (cost) income | (840) |  |  | 3,288 |
Interest expense, net | (4,614) |  |  | (6,234) |
Income before income taxes | $ | 581,106 |  |  | $ | 384,749 |

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EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Total assets: |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 1,173,992 |  |  | $ | 1,078,405 |
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 2,159,947 |  |  | 1,835,001 |
United States building services | 1,415,194 |  |  | 1,206,518 |
United States industrial services | 586,360 |  |  | 552,545 |
Total United States operations | 5,335,493 |  |  | 4,672,469 |
United Kingdom building services | 262,629 |  |  | 255,547 |
Corporate administration | 626,071 |  |  | 596,591 |
Total operations | $ | 6,224,193 |  |  | $ | 5,524,607 |

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Business Description
We are one of the largest specialty contractors in the United States and a leading provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. Such operating subsidiaries are organized into the following reportable segments:
•United States electrical construction and facilities services;
•United States mechanical construction and facilities services;
•United States building services;
•United States industrial services; and
•United Kingdom building services.
We refer to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment together as our United States construction segments.
For a more complete description of our operations, refer to Item 1. Business of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.
Market Update
Our business and end markets remain resilient despite the impact of uncertain global economic conditions, including supply chain, production, and other logistical issues, an inflationary cost environment, rising interest rates, and skilled labor shortages in certain regions. The continued strength in demand for our services is reflected in our results of operations for the first nine months of 2023, during which we experienced an increase in both revenue and operating income when compared to the first nine months of 2022. As evidenced by the growth in our remaining performance obligations, which increased to $8.64 billion at September 30, 2023, from $7.46 billion at December 31, 2022, we anticipate a similar level of demand for our services throughout the remainder of the year, provided that the business environment does not significantly deteriorate.
Although improved from the year ago period, we continue to experience pressures in our supply chain, which are resulting in material and equipment lead times significantly in excess of normal levels. Delays in critical material and equipment deliveries have additionally resulted in us funding purchases at earlier stages of project progression, or in advance of project commencement. While we generally strive to negotiate advanced payments or billing terms with our customers that allow us to invoice for these amounts, such purchases may apply pressure on our working capital requirements in future periods. Although we experienced a reduction in commodity prices when compared to the prior year period, and current economic indicators suggest that inflation is slowing, there continues to be volatility in the price of fuel, certain materials, and other commodities used in our operations. Further, in an effort to mitigate inflation, the Federal Reserve Board increased the federal funds rate throughout 2022 and into 2023.
Our management teams continue to adapt to the challenges of the current operating environment in order to manage our business more effectively through diligent contract negotiations, enhanced labor planning and project scheduling, and increased supplier engagement. As contractually permitted, and in order to combat inflationary pressures, we have and will continue to seek increases in pricing to the extent we experience increases in our costs. While we believe the actions we have taken continue to be effective, as evidenced in part by our operating performance and operating cash flow to date, the impact of these disruptions continues to evolve and there can be no assurance that our actions will serve to mitigate such impacts in future periods. Further, while we believe our remaining performance obligations are firm, and we have not experienced any material project cancellations to date, prolonged delays in the receipt of critical equipment could impact our ability to convert such remaining performance obligations to revenues in the near term or result in our customers seeking to delay or terminate existing or pending agreements. Lastly, the current interest rate environment may cause a decline in capital or maintenance spending of our customers or prospective customers, particularly as it pertains to short duration project work. Any of these events could result in reduced demand for our services or affect our ability to collect payment, and therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.
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Overview
The following table presents selected financial data for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages and per share data):

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  | $ | 2,826,361 |
Revenues increase from prior year | 13.5 | % |  | 12.1 | %
Gross profit | $ | 545,472 |  |  | $ | 413,231 |
Gross profit as a percentage of revenues | 17.0 | % |  | 14.6 | %
Operating income | $ | 234,983 |  |  | $ | 150,094 |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 7.3 | % |  | 5.3 | %
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. | $ | 169,409 |  |  | $ | 105,772 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.57 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |

Revenues of $3.21 billion for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 set a new quarterly record for the Company and represent an increase of 13.5% from revenues of $2.83 billion for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Demand for our services continues to be strong and, as described in further detail below, we experienced revenue growth within all of our reportable segments, except for our United Kingdom building services segment. Revenues for the third quarter of 2023 were positively impacted by incremental contribution from acquired companies of approximately $20.4 million.
Operating income for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $235.0 million, or 7.3% of revenues, establishing new quarterly records for the Company with respect to both operating income and operating margin. This compares to operating income of $150.1 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The $84.9 million increase in operating income, and corresponding 200 basis point improvement in operating margin, were a result of improved operating performance across all of our reportable segments. As described in further detail below, these improvements in profitability were a result of: (a) better project execution during 2023, (b) a more favorable mix of work when compared to the 2022 period, (c) the successful close-out of certain projects within our United States construction segments, and (d) a reduction in the price of certain commodities which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our operations.
Net income of $169.4 million, or $3.57 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compares favorably to net income of $105.8 million, or $2.16 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. In addition to the increase in operating income referenced above, our diluted earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023 benefited from a reduced weighted average share count given the impact of common stock repurchases made by us throughout 2022 and 2023.
Impact of Acquisitions
In order to provide a more meaningful period-over-period discussion of our operating results, we may discuss amounts generated or incurred (revenues, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses, and operating income) from companies acquired. The amounts discussed reflect the acquired companies’ operating results in the current reported period only for the time period these entities were not owned by EMCOR in the comparable prior reported period.
During the first nine months of 2023, we acquired seven companies for total consideration of $92.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a national energy efficiency specialty services firm, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States building services segment, and (b) six companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that have been included within our Unites States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, one of which provides mechanical and pipe fabrication services, and one of which provides fire protection services, both in the Midwestern region of the United States, and (ii) four mechanical services companies in the Western and Midwestern regions of the United States, that have been included within our United States building services segment.
We acquired six companies during calendar year 2022 for total consideration of $100.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Greater Boston area, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, and (b) five companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that provide fire protection services in the Northeastern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, (ii) two companies that specialize in either building automation and controls or mechanical services in the Southwestern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States building services segment, and (iii) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Midwestern region of the United States and that has been included within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment.
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Results of Operations
Revenues
The following tables present our operating segment revenues from unrelated entities and their respective percentages of total revenues (in thousands, except for percentages):

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 697,406 |  |  | 22 | % |  | $ | 633,383 |  |  | 22 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 1,329,600 |  |  | 41 | % |  | 1,108,655 |  |  | 39 | %
United States building services | 817,718 |  |  | 26 | % |  | 719,383 |  |  | 26 | %
United States industrial services | 252,148 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 247,239 |  |  | 9 | %
Total United States operations | 3,096,872 |  |  | 97 | % |  | 2,708,660 |  |  | 96 | %
United Kingdom building services | 110,726 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 117,701 |  |  | 4 | %
Total operations | $ | 3,207,598 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 2,826,361 |  |  | 100 | %

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Total |  | 2022 |  | % of Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,020,319 |  |  | 22 | % |  | $ | 1,719,525 |  |  | 21 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 3,602,271 |  |  | 39 | % |  | 3,158,948 |  |  | 39 | %
United States building services | 2,318,105 |  |  | 25 | % |  | 2,041,555 |  |  | 25 | %
United States industrial services | 875,314 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 842,524 |  |  | 11 | %
Total United States operations | 8,816,009 |  |  | 96 | % |  | 7,762,552 |  |  | 96 | %
United Kingdom building services | 327,643 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 363,746 |  |  | 4 | %
Total operations | $ | 9,143,652 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 8,126,298 |  |  | 100 | %

As described below in more detail, as a result of revenue growth within the majority of our reportable segments, our consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $3.21 billion compared to $2.83 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and our consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $9.14 billion compared to $8.13 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Revenues of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were $697.4 million and $2,020.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to revenues of $633.4 million and $1,719.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This segment’s results included $12.7 million and $88.5 million of incremental acquisition revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, revenues of this segment grew by $51.3 million and $212.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in revenues within the majority of the market sectors in which we operate, most notably including: (a) the network and communications market sector, predominantly due to our data center projects, (b) the healthcare market sector, as a result of greater activity throughout several of the regions in which we operate, (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, from contracts with certain of our energy sector customers, including those for renewable energy projects, and (d) the hospitality and entertainment market sector, given an increase in projects within the Western region of the United States. Partially offsetting these increases were reductions in commercial market sector and short duration project revenues.
Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $1,329.6 million, a $220.9 million increase compared to revenues of $1,108.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $3,602.3 million, a $443.3 million increase compared to revenues of $3,158.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in this segment’s revenues for both 2023 periods was primarily attributable to revenue growth within: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, as a result of increased demand for our mechanical construction and/or fire protection services by certain customers: (i) engaged in either the design and manufacturing of semiconductors or the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, and (ii) within the biotech, life-sciences, and pharmaceutical industries, (b) the network and communications market sector, due to increased data center project activity, (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, due in part to continued re-shoring of critical supply chain by certain of our customers, and (d) the commercial market sector, inclusive of several fire protection projects within various warehousing and distribution facilities.
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Revenues of our United States building services segment were $817.7 million and $2,318.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to revenues of $719.4 million and $2,041.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Included in this segment’s 2023 results were $7.7 million of incremental acquisition revenues. Excluding such acquisition contribution, the increase in revenues for both 2023 periods was primarily attributable to this segment’s mechanical services division, due to increased: (a) HVAC project and retrofit work, as a result of greater: (i) project execution stemming from the increased availability of materials and equipment when compared to the prior year period, which experienced greater supply chain disruptions and delays, and (ii) demand for system upgrades and replacements, partially as our customers continue to seek ways to improve the energy efficiency or indoor air quality of their facilities, (b) service repair and maintenance volumes, given growth in our service contract base as well as incremental demand during the peak cooling season, and (c) building automation and controls projects, as we continue to expand our service offerings. In addition to increased revenues from its mechanical services division, this segment also experienced revenue growth during both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 from its commercial site-based services and government site-based services divisions, due to the award of facilities maintenance contracts with new customers as well as scope or site expansion and increased project work with existing customers.
Revenues of our United States industrial services segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $252.1 million, compared to revenues of $247.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $875.3 million, compared to revenues of $842.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The results of operations of this segment continue to improve at a modest pace, as evidenced by the revenue growth within both this segment’s field services and shop services divisions during the first nine months of 2023. In addition to steady demand for maintenance and turnaround projects, we are beginning to see increased levels of capital spending by our customers, in the form of greater new build heat exchanger orders as well as through certain renewable fuel projects, which were active during the second and third quarters of 2023 and are anticipated to continue through the remainder of the year.
Our United Kingdom building services segment revenues were $110.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to revenues of $117.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This segment’s revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 were positively impacted by $7.8 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues of this segment were $327.6 million compared to revenues of $363.7 million for nine months ended September 30, 2022. Unfavorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar negatively impacted this segment’s year-to-date 2023 revenues by $3.4 million. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange rate movements, the decreases in this segment’s revenues during both 2023 periods were a result of: (a) the loss of certain facilities maintenance contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid, and (b) a reduction in project activity, notably within the network and communications market sector.
Cost of sales and gross profit
The following table presents our cost of sales, gross profit (revenues less cost of sales), and gross profit as a percentage of revenues (“gross profit margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages):

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of sales | $ | 2,662,126 |  |  | $ | 2,413,130 |  |  | $ | 7,672,058 |  |  | $ | 6,977,504 |
Gross profit | $ | 545,472 |  |  | $ | 413,231 |  |  | $ | 1,471,594 |  |  | $ | 1,148,794 |
Gross profit margin | 17.0 | % |  | 14.6 | % |  | 16.1 | % |  | 14.1 | %

Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $545.5 million, or 17.0% of revenues, compared to gross profit of $413.2 million, or 14.6% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1,471.6 million, or 16.1% of revenues, compared to gross profit of $1,148.8 million, or 14.1% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. While the increase in gross profit can be partially attributed to the incremental revenue contribution described above, such increase and the expansion in gross profit margin were also the result of stronger operating performance within the majority of our reportable segments due to improved revenue mix, project execution and close-out, and/or favorable pricing.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, acquisitions contributed incremental gross profit of $3.8 million and $14.2 million, respectively, inclusive of amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
Refer to the operating income section below for further discussion regarding the operating performance of each of our reportable segments.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
The following table presents our selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues (“SG&A margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages):

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 308,139 |  |  | $ | 263,137 |  |  | $ | 882,684 |  |  | $ | 761,099 |
SG&A margin | 9.6 | % |  | 9.3 | % |  | 9.7 | % |  | 9.4 | %

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $308.1 million, or 9.6% of revenues, compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $263.1 million, or 9.3% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $882.7 million, or 9.7% of revenues, compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $761.1 million, or 9.4% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $4.2 million and $14.6 million, respectively, of incremental expenses directly related to companies acquired in 2023 and 2022, including amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively.
Excluding incremental expenses from businesses acquired, the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, and SG&A margin, for both 2023 periods was predominantly attributable to increases in incentive compensation expense across the majority of our reportable segments, due to higher projected annual operating results compared to those which were anticipated during the same prior year period, and salaries and related employment expenses, largely as a result of additional headcount to support our organic revenue growth as well as annual cost of living adjustments. In addition to these increases in employment costs, our SG&A for both 2023 periods included incremental: (a) computer hardware and software costs, as a result of various information technology and cybersecurity initiatives currently in process, (b) travel and entertainment expenses, and (c) rent and other occupancy costs driven by: (i) the expansion or addition of certain fabrication facilities, which support our operations, and (ii) the impact of inflation on the real estate market.
Operating income (loss)
The following tables present our operating income (loss) and operating income (loss) as a percentage of segment revenues (“operating margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages):

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Segment Revenues |  | 2022 |  | % of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 63,127 |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | $ | 35,558 |  |  | 5.6 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 138,476 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | 90,500 |  |  | 8.2 | %
United States building services | 57,156 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 46,041 |  |  | 6.4 | %
United States industrial services | (174) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | (1,392) |  |  | (0.6) | %
Total United States operations | 258,585 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 170,707 |  |  | 6.3 | %
United Kingdom building services | 8,869 |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | 8,369 |  |  | 7.1 | %
Corporate administration | (30,121) |  |  | — |  |  | (28,982) |  |  | — |
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | (2,350) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total operations | 234,983 |  |  | 7.3 | % |  | 150,094 |  |  | 5.3 | %
Other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic pension (cost) income | (284) |  |  |  |  | 1,025 |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (90) |  |  |  |  | (3,194) |  |  |
Income before income taxes | $ | 234,609 |  |  |  |  | $ | 147,925 |  |  |

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| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | % of Segment Revenues |  | 2022 |  | % of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 154,365 |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | $ | 90,646 |  |  | 5.3 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 344,550 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | 225,545 |  |  | 7.1 | %
United States building services | 140,943 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 108,698 |  |  | 5.3 | %
United States industrial services | 22,733 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | 18,324 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Total United States operations | 662,591 |  |  | 7.5 | % |  | 443,213 |  |  | 5.7 | %
United Kingdom building services | 20,220 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | 25,372 |  |  | 7.0 | %
Corporate administration | (93,901) |  |  | — |  |  | (80,890) |  |  | — |
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | (2,350) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total operations | 586,560 |  |  | 6.4 | % |  | 387,695 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic pension (cost) income | (840) |  |  |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (4,614) |  |  |  |  | (6,234) |  |  |
Income before income taxes | $ | 581,106 |  |  |  |  | $ | 384,749 |  |  |

Operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $235.0 million, an increase of $84.9 million compared to operating income of $150.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 7.3% compared to an operating margin of 5.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, operating income was $586.6 million, an increase of $198.9 million compared to operating income of $387.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Operating margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 6.4% compared to an operating margin of 4.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This performance established new quarterly records for the Company with respect to operating income and operating margin for both a quarterly and nine month period. As described in more detail below, improvements in profitability were a result of: (a) better project execution during 2023, (b) a more favorable mix of work when compared to the 2022 periods, (c) the successful close-out of certain projects within our United States construction segments, and (d) the impact in the first nine months of 2022 of certain supply chain disruptions and delays, which were greater than those experienced to date in 2023, and that, in the prior year, led to: (i) reduced labor productivity and efficiency, (ii) the under-absorption of labor costs in instances where projects were delayed pending the receipt of materials, or (iii) material and commodity price escalations.
Operating income of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment was $63.1 million, or 9.1% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $35.6 million, or 5.6% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $154.4 million, or 7.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $90.6 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The period-over-period increases in operating income and operating margin of this segment were largely a result of: (a) a more favorable mix of work, (b) improved project execution, and (c) the successful close-out of certain construction projects, which positively impacted the operating margin of this segment by 60 basis points and 20 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. On a year-to-date basis, the greatest increases in gross profit, and gross profit margin, were recognized within the network and communications market sector, the commercial market sector, and the healthcare market sector. Although we continue to experience supply chain disruptions and delays, which are impacting project delivery in various ways, market conditions surrounding equipment availability have steadily improved over the last twelve months and our management teams continue to adapt to this environment. Such developments have led to improved job-site and labor productivity as well as more normalized project sequencing, resulting in fewer project write-downs when compared to the prior year period. For example, based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, the operating results of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were negatively impacted by approximately $2.6 million and $12.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $10.5 million and $26.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. While these reductions in estimated project profitability negatively affected operating margin of this segment by 30 basis points in the third quarter of 2023 and 60 basis points for the 2023 year-to-date period, the impact in the corresponding 2022 periods was 170 basis points and 150 basis points, respectively. Partially offsetting the period-over-period improvements in gross profit, and gross profit margin, were increased selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin, largely as a result of greater incentive compensation expense recognized by several operating subsidiaries of this segment given improvements in forecasted profitability year-over-year.
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Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment’s operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $138.5 million, or 10.4% of revenues, compared to operating income of $90.5 million, or 8.2% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $344.6 million, or 9.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $225.5 million, or 7.1% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in operating income, and operating margin, for both 2023 periods was primarily a result of increased gross profit, and gross profit margin, recognized from: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, including certain mechanical construction or fire protection projects for customers: (i) engaged in either the design or manufacturing of semiconductors or the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, and (ii) within the biotech, life-sciences, and pharmaceutical industries, (b) the commercial market sector, including various fire protection projects, and (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, which continues to benefit from customer initiatives to re-shore their critical supply chain. Operating income of this segment was also favorably impacted as a result of the successful close-out of certain projects during 2023, which contributed approximately $5.8 million and $18.3 million of gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. These amounts resulted in incremental operating margin of 40 basis points for the quarterly period and 50 basis points for the year-to-date period. Similar to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, the results for this segment in the prior year periods were negatively impacted by external market conditions, which manifested themselves through price escalations, particularly for materials and commodities, such as copper and steel, that are used in our mechanical and fire protection operations. Although there remains volatility in the pricing of these commodities, more favorable pricing year-over-year has resulted in improved profitability of this segment during the first nine months of 2023. The improvements in gross profit and gross profit margin of this segment were partially offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin, given greater: (a) incentive compensation expense, due to higher projected annual operating results for certain of the operating subsidiaries within this segment, and (b) salaries and related employment costs, largely as a result of additional headcount to support current and anticipated organic revenue growth.
Operating income of our United States building services segment was $57.2 million, or 7.0% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $46.0 million, or 6.4% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $140.9 million, or 6.1% of revenues, compared to operating income of $108.7 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in operating income and operating margin for both 2023 periods was almost entirely attributable to this segment’s mechanical services division, as a result of greater gross profit and gross profit margin across the majority of its service lines, with the largest incremental contribution from projects and retrofits as well as building automation and controls. These improvements were due in part to both favorable project execution and negotiated price adjustments made to customer contracts in response to inflationary pressures. Operating margin of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 also benefited from greater absorption of indirect costs as well as a reduction in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues given an increase in revenues without a commensurate increase in certain overhead costs.
Our United States industrial services segment reported an operating loss of $0.2 million, or (0.1)% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a slight improvement compared to an operating loss of $1.4 million, or (0.6)% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, this segment reported operating income of $22.7 million, or 2.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $18.3 million, or 2.2% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The improved performance for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to an increase in both gross profit and gross profit margin period-over-period. In addition to the growth in this segment’s revenues referenced above, which resulted in greater gross profit contribution, gross profit margin during the 2023 year-to-date period has benefited from better pricing, notably within this segment’s shop services division.
Operating income of our United Kingdom building services segment was $8.9 million, or 8.0% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $8.4 million, or 7.1% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the third quarter of 2023 was positively impacted by $0.6 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar. Excluding such impact, operating income of this segment was essentially flat when compared to the year ago quarter, while operating margin expanded by 90 basis points due to an increase in gross profit margin on certain of its facilities maintenance contracts. Operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $20.2 million, or 6.2% of revenues, compared to $25.4 million, or 7.0% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in this segment’s operating income for the nine month period was primarily a result of a reduction in gross profit due to lower year-to-date revenues. Operating margin of this segment for the nine month period was negatively impacted by an increase in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues, largely given the decline in revenues thus far in 2023, without a corresponding reduction in overhead costs, as we continue to invest in the future growth of this business. This segment’s operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was positively impacted by $0.2 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements.
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Our corporate administration expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $30.1 million, a modest increase, compared to $29.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our corporate administrative expenses were $93.9 million, compared to $80.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase in corporate expenses for the year-to-date period was primarily due to greater incentive compensation expense resulting from higher projected annual and long-term operating results, when compared to those which were anticipated during the same prior year period. In addition to incentive compensation, we have experienced increases in: (a) computer hardware and software costs, due to various information technology and cybersecurity initiatives currently in process, (b) travel and entertainment expenses, given a greater level of travel and business meals, and (c) salaries, largely as a result of annual cost of living adjustments.
Other items
Net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $4.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively. While we have experienced an increase in our interest expense due to rising interest rates, such rate increases have additionally resulted in greater returns on our invested cash, which, coupled with a decrease in average outstanding borrowings under our credit facility, has resulted in the period-over-period reductions in net interest expense.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our income tax provision was $64.9 million and $159.3 million, respectively, compared to an income tax provision of $42.2 million and $104.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Our effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 27.7% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to an effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 of 28.5% and 27.3%, respectively. Refer to Note 9 - Income Taxes of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding our income tax provision and effective income tax rate.
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentage of total remaining performance obligations (in thousands, except for percentages):

| September 30, 2023 |  | % of Total |  | December 31, 2022 |  | % of Total |  | September 30, 2022 |  | % of Total
Remaining performance obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States electrical construction and facilities services | $ | 2,158,104 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 2,014,079 |  |  | 27 | % |  | $ | 2,063,134 |  |  | 29 | %
United States mechanical construction and facilities services | 4,875,551 |  |  | 56 | % |  | 3,987,134 |  |  | 53 | % |  | 3,642,049 |  |  | 51 | %
United States building services | 1,313,779 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 1,172,816 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 1,129,795 |  |  | 16 | %
United States industrial services | 133,894 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 124,653 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 122,714 |  |  | 2 | %
Total United States operations | 8,481,328 |  |  | 98 | % |  | 7,298,682 |  |  | 98 | % |  | 6,957,692 |  |  | 98 | %
United Kingdom building services | 154,115 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 160,617 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 143,769 |  |  | 2 | %
Total operations | $ | 8,635,443 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 7,459,299 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 7,101,461 |  |  | 100 | %

Our remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023 were $8.64 billion compared to $7.46 billion at December 31, 2022 and $7.10 billion at September 30, 2022. The increase in remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023, when compared to December 31, 2022, was attributable to an increase in remaining performance obligations within all of our reportable segments, except for our United Kingdom building services segment. Most notably, we experienced an increase in remaining performance obligations from: (a) our United States construction segments, driven by the award of various projects within the majority of the market sectors in which we operate, and (b) our United States building services segment, largely due to increased project opportunities within its mechanical services division. From a market sector perspective, we experienced the largest growth in remaining performance obligations within: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, inclusive of projects for customers engaged in: (i) the design and manufacturing of semiconductors, and (ii) the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, (b) the network and communications market sector, largely driven by data center construction projects, and (c) the institutional market sector. Remaining performance obligations increased by $20.8 million as a result of acquisitions during 2023. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in remaining performance obligations from the commercial market sector, given the completion of several warehouse and distribution center projects. While the continued growth in our remaining performance obligations is largely due to the strength in demand for our services, a portion of this increase can likely be attributed to external market factors such as material and labor inflation, which has increased the price of certain of our project work.
See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure regarding our remaining performance obligations.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following section discusses our principal liquidity and capital resources, as well as our primary liquidity requirements and sources and uses of cash.
We are focused on the efficient conversion of operating income into cash to provide for the Company’s material cash requirements, including working capital needs, investment in our growth strategies through business acquisitions and capital expenditures, satisfaction of contractual commitments, including principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, and shareholder return through dividend payments and share repurchases. We strive to maintain a balanced approach to capital allocation in order to achieve growth, deliver value, and minimize risk.
Management monitors financial markets and overall economic conditions for factors that may affect our liquidity and capital resources and adjusts our capital allocation strategy as necessary. Negative macroeconomic trends could have an adverse effect on future liquidity if we experience delays in the payment of outstanding receivables beyond normal payment terms, an increase in credit losses, or significant increases in the price of commodities or the materials and equipment utilized for our project and service work, beyond those experienced to date. In addition, during economic downturns, there have typically been fewer small discretionary projects from the private sector and our competitors have aggressively bid larger long-term infrastructure and public sector contracts. Our liquidity is also impacted by: (a) the type and length of construction contracts in place, as performance of long duration contracts typically requires greater amounts of working capital, (b) the level of turnaround activities within our United States industrial services segment, as such projects are billed in arrears pursuant to contractual terms that are standard within the industry, and (c) the billing terms of our maintenance contracts, including those within our United States and United Kingdom building services segments. While we strive to negotiate favorable billing terms, which allow us to invoice in advance of costs incurred on certain of our contracts, there can be no assurance that such terms will be agreed to by our customers.
As of September 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $523.6 million, which are maintained in depository accounts and highly liquid investments with original maturity dates of three months or less. Both our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are expected to be met through our cash and cash equivalent balances, cash generated from our operations, and, as necessary, the borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. Our credit agreement provides for a $1.30 billion revolving credit facility, for which there is $1.18 billion of available capacity as of September 30, 2023.
Refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our credit agreement. Based upon our current credit rating and financial position, we can also reasonably expect to be able to secure long-term debt financing if required to achieve our strategic objectives; however, no assurances can be made that such debt financing will be available on favorable terms. We believe that we have sufficient financial resources available to meet our short-term and foreseeable long-term liquidity requirements.
Cash Flows
The following table presents a summary of our operating, investing, and financing cash flows (in thousands):

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 475,897 |  |  | $ | 238,354 |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (134,032) |  |  | $ | (122,898) |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (276,157) |  |  | $ | (512,598) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 856 |  |  | $ | (20,540) |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 66,564 |  |  | $ | (417,682) |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our cash balance, including cash equivalents and restricted cash, increased by approximately $66.6 million from $457.1 million at December 31, 2022 to $523.6 million at September 30, 2023. Changes in our cash position from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are described in further detail below.
Operating Activities – Operating cash flows generally represent our net income as adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $475.9 million compared to approximately $238.4 million of net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The favorable operating cash flow performance period-over-period was largely a result of increased income, coupled with customer deposits and advanced payments on certain construction contracts, as evidenced by the growth in our contract liabilities since December 31, 2022.
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Investing Activities – Investing cash flows consist primarily of payments for the acquisition of businesses, capital expenditures, and proceeds from the sale or disposal of property, plant, and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by approximately $11.1 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures to support our organic growth, partially offset by an increase in proceeds from the sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment.
Financing Activities – Financing cash flows consist primarily of the issuance and repayment of short-term and long-term debt, repurchases of common stock, payments of dividends to stockholders, and the issuance of common stock through certain equity plans. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $276.2 million compared to net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 of $512.6 million. The $236.4 million reduction in financing cash outflows was due to a decrease in funds used for the repurchase of our common stock during 2023, partially offset by an increase in net repayments of outstanding debt under our credit agreement. The timing of common stock repurchases is at management’s discretion subject to securities laws and other legal requirements and depends upon several factors, including market and business conditions, current and anticipated future liquidity, share price, and share availability, among others. For additional detail regarding our share repurchase program, refer to Note 10 - Common Stock of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash payments related to dividends were $24.2 million and $20.0 million, respectively. Our credit agreement places limitations on the payment of dividends on our common stock. However, we do not believe that the terms of such agreement currently materially limit our ability to pay such quarterly dividends for the foreseeable future.
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash – We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, almost entirely with respect to the British pound. Therefore, the $21.4 million variance between the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was a direct result of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar.
Material Cash Requirements from Contractual and Other Obligations
As of September 30, 2023, our short-term and long-term material cash requirements for known contractual and other obligations were as follows:
Outstanding Debt and Interest Payments – As of September 30, 2023, there were no direct borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility and the amount outstanding under our term loan was $100.0 million. We are required to make annual principal payments on our term loan of $5.0 million on December 31, 2023 and 2024. All remaining unpaid amounts are due on March 2, 2025, when the credit agreement governing our term loan and revolving credit facility expires. Until such time, we are required to make periodic interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness. Future interest payments will be determined based on prevailing interest rates during that time, which may fluctuate in the near term. Refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further detail of our debt obligations, including our term loan and revolving credit facility.
Operating and Finance Leases – In the normal course of business, we lease real estate, vehicles, and equipment under various arrangements which are classified as either operating or finance leases. Future payments for such leases, excluding leases with initial terms of one year or less, were $402.5 million at September 30, 2023, with $93.6 million payable within the next 12 months.
Open Purchase Obligations – As of September 30, 2023, we had $2.52 billion of open purchase obligations, of which payments totaling approximately $2.09 billion are expected to become due within the next 12 months. These obligations represent open purchase orders to suppliers and subcontractors related to our construction and services contracts. These purchase orders are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are not expected to impact future liquidity as amounts should be recovered through customer billings.
Insurance Obligations – As described in further detail in Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements, we have loss payment deductibles and/or self-insured retentions for certain insurance matters. As of September 30, 2023, our insurance liabilities, net of estimated recoveries, were $214.0 million. Of this net amount, approximately $39.2 million is estimated to be payable within the next 12 months. Due to many uncertainties inherent in resolving these matters, it is not practical to estimate these payments beyond such period. To the extent that the amount required to settle claims covered by insurance continues to increase, the cost of our insurance coverage, including premiums and deductibles, is likely to increase.
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Contingent Consideration Liabilities – We have incurred liabilities related to contingent consideration arrangements associated with certain acquisitions, payable in the event discrete performance objectives are achieved by the acquired businesses during designated post-acquisition periods. The aggregate amount of these liabilities can change due to additional business acquisitions, settlement of outstanding liabilities, changes in the fair value of amounts owed based on performance during such post-acquisition periods, and accretion in present value. As of September 30, 2023, the present value of expected future payments relating to these contingent consideration arrangements was $11.3 million. Of this amount, $5.6 million is estimated as being payable within the next 12 months, with the remainder due pursuant to the terms of our contractual agreements some of which extend through 2025.
In addition, material cash requirements for other potential obligations, for which we cannot reasonably estimate future payments, include the following:
Legal Proceedings – We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. While litigation is subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance, we do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. Refer to Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding legal proceedings.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans – In addition to our Company sponsored benefit plans, we participate in certain multiemployer pension and other post-retirement plans. The cost of these plans is equal to the annual required contributions determined in accordance with the provisions of negotiated collective bargaining agreements. Our future contributions to the multiemployer plans are dependent upon a number of factors. Amounts of future contributions that we would be contractually obligated to make pursuant to these plans cannot be reasonably estimated.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other Commercial Commitments
The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, surety bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. These surety bonds are issued in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of the bond, and secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts. We have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of surety bonds issued on our behalf. As of September 30, 2023, based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by surety bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $2.0 billion, which represents approximately 23% of our total remaining performance obligations.
Surety bonds expire at various times ranging from final completion of a project to a period extending beyond contract completion in certain circumstances. Such amounts can also fluctuate from period to period based upon the mix and level of our bonded operating activity. For example, public sector contracts require surety bonds more frequently than private sector contracts and, accordingly, our bonding requirements typically increase as the amount of our public sector work increases. Our estimated maximum exposure as it relates to the value of the surety bonds outstanding is lowered on each bonded project as the cost to complete is reduced, and each commitment under a surety bond generally extinguishes concurrently with the expiration of its related contractual obligation.
Surety bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for certain of our employees, at the request of labor unions representing such employees. In addition, surety bonds or letters of credit may be issued as collateral for certain insurance obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we satisfied approximately $48.1 million and $71.1 million of the collateral requirements of our insurance programs by utilizing surety bonds and letters of credit, respectively. All such letters of credit were issued under our revolving credit facility, therefore reducing the available capacity of such facility.
We are not aware of any losses in connection with surety bonds that have been posted on our behalf, and we do not expect to incur significant losses in the foreseeable future.
From time to time, we discuss with our current and other surety bond providers the amounts of surety bonds that may be available to us based on our financial strength and the absence of any default by us on any surety bond issued on our behalf and believe those amounts are currently adequate for our needs. However, if we experience changes in our bonding relationships or if there are adverse changes in the surety industry, we may: (a) seek to satisfy certain customer requests for surety bonds by posting other forms of collateral in lieu of surety bonds, such as letters of credit, parent company guarantees, or cash, in order to convince customers to forego the requirement for surety bonds, (b) increase our activities in our businesses that rarely require surety bonds, and/or (c) refrain from bidding for certain projects that require surety bonds.
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There can be no assurance that we would be able to effectuate alternatives to providing surety bonds to our customers or to obtain, on favorable terms, sufficient additional work that does not require surety bonds. Accordingly, a reduction in the availability of surety bonds could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows.
In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.
We do not have any other material financial guarantees or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those disclosed herein.
New Accounting Pronouncements
We review new accounting standards to determine the expected impact, if any, that the adoption of such standards will have on our financial position and/or results of operations. See Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding new accounting standards, including the anticipated dates of adoption and the effects on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements is based on the application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are described further in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We base our estimates on historical experience, known or expected trends, third-party valuations, and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies or methods during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
We have not used any derivative financial instruments during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including trading or speculating on changes in interest rates or commodity prices of materials used in our business.
The Federal Reserve Board has been increasing interest rates, and rate increases may continue in the near term. We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates for borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement, which provides for a revolving credit facility and a term loan. Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates and, as a result of the actions referenced above, such rates have increased throughout 2022 and the first nine months of 2023. For further information on our outstanding debt and borrowing rates, refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2023, there were no direct borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility; however, the balance of the 2020 Term Loan was $100.0 million. Based on the $100.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Credit Agreement, if overall interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would increase by approximately $0.7 million in the next twelve months. Conversely, if overall interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would decrease by approximately $0.7 million in the next twelve months. The 2020 Credit Agreement expires on March 2, 2025.
We are exposed to construction market risk and its potential related impact on accounts receivable or contract assets on uncompleted contracts. The amounts recorded may be at risk if our customers’ ability to pay these obligations is negatively impacted by economic conditions. We continually monitor the creditworthiness of our customers and maintain on-going discussions with customers regarding contract status with respect to change orders and billing terms. Therefore, we believe we take appropriate action to manage market and other risks, but there is no assurance that we will be able to reasonably identify all risks with respect to the collectability of these assets.
Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, a component of equity, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe our exposure to the effects that fluctuating foreign currencies may have on our consolidated results of operations is limited because our foreign operations primarily invoice customers and collect obligations in their respective local currencies. Additionally, expenses associated with these transactions are generally contracted and paid for in their same local currencies.
In addition, we are exposed to market risk of fluctuations in certain commodity prices of materials, such as copper and steel, which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our construction, building services, and industrial services operations. We are also exposed to increases in energy prices, particularly as they relate to gasoline prices for our fleet of approximately 13,700 vehicles. While we believe we can increase our contract prices to adjust for some price increases in commodities, there can be no assurance that such price increases, if they were to occur, would be recoverable. Additionally, our fixed price contracts generally do not allow us to adjust our prices and, as a result, increases in material costs could reduce our profitability with respect to projects in progress. Refer to Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further discussion regarding the impact of fluctuations in commodity and material prices on our results of operations.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Anthony J. Guzzi, and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Mark A. Pompa, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION.
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We record a loss contingency if the potential loss from a proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated or a range of loss can be determined. We provide disclosure when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred in excess of any recorded provision. Significant judgment is required in these determinations. As additional information becomes available, we reassess prior determinations and may change our estimates. Additional claims may be asserted against us in the future. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that a litigation matter for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decision could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
The following table summarizes repurchases of our common stock made by us during the quarter ended September 30, 2023:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) (2) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (3) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | $283,660,716
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | $283,660,716
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | $283,660,716
Total |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |

(1)In September 2011, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to begin repurchasing shares of our outstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time increased the amount authorized for repurchases under such program. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Board has authorized us to repurchase up to $2.15 billion of our outstanding common stock. As of September 30, 2023, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $283.7 million of our shares. No shares have been repurchased by us since the program was announced other than pursuant to such program. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be suspended, recommenced, or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. Refer to Note 10 - Common Stock of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our share repurchase program.
(2)Excludes 368 shares surrendered to the Company by participants in our share-based compensation plans to satisfy minimum tax withholdings for common stock issued under such plans.
(3)Price paid per share excludes any applicable broker commission or excise tax due. However, as such amounts are considered direct costs associated with the repurchase of our common stock, they have been reflected as a reduction in the remaining authorization under our share repurchase program.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this quarterly report.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any: (a) contract, instruction, or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 or (b) non 10b5-1 trading arrangement, each as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated By Reference to or Filed Herewith, as Indicated Below
3(a-1) |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR filed December 15, 1994 |  | Exhibit 3(a-5) to EMCOR’s Registration Statement on Form 10 as originally filed March 17, 1995 (“Form 10”)
3(a-2) |  | Amendment dated November 28, 1995 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR |  | Exhibit 3(a-2) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995 (“1995 Form 10-K”)
3(a-3) |  | Amendment dated February 12, 1998 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR |  | Exhibit 3(a-3) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 (“1997 Form 10-K”)
3(a-4) |  | Amendment dated January 27, 2006 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR |  | Exhibit 3(a-4) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 (“2005 Form 10-K”)
3(a-5) |  | Amendment dated September 18, 2007 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR |  | Exhibit A to EMCOR’s Proxy Statement dated August 17, 2007 for Special Meeting of Stockholders held September 18, 2007
3(a-6) |  | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR |  | Exhibit 3.1 to EMCOR’s Report on Form 8-K (Date of Report June 8, 2023)
3(b) |  | Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of EMCOR |  | Exhibit 3.1 to EMCOR’s Report on Form 8-K (Date of Report October 25, 2022)
31.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Anthony J. Guzzi, the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |  | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Mark A. Pompa, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | Filed herewith
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |  | Furnished
32.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | Furnished
95.1 |  | Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters |  | Filed herewith
101 |  | The following materials from EMCOR Group, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | Filed
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  | Filed

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: October 26, 2023

| EMCOR GROUP, INC.
| (Registrant)
B Y: | /s/ ANTHONY J. GUZZI
| Anthony J. Guzzi
| Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
B Y: | /s/ MARK A. POMPA
| Mark A. Pompa
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
B Y: | /s/ JASON R. NALBANDIAN
| Jason R. Nalbandian
| Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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