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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 1, 2022
Or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 1-8703

WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

| Delaware |  | 33-0956711 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 5601 Great Oaks Parkway | San Jose, | California |  | 95119 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code) |

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 717-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per Share | WDC | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
|  | (Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | Accelerated filer | Non-accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company
☒ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý
As of the close of business on April 27, 2022, 313,167,818 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
INDEX

|  | PAGE NO.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — As of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three and Nine Months Ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — Three and Nine Months Ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021 | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine Months Ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021 | 8
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity — Nine Months Ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021 | 9
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 11
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 37
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 52
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 52
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 53
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 53
Item 5. | Other Information | 53
Item 6. | Exhibits | 54

Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to specific years and quarters are to our fiscal years and fiscal quarters, and references to financial information are on a consolidated basis. As used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “WDC” and “Western Digital” refer to Western Digital Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless we state, or the context indicates, otherwise.
WDC, a Delaware corporation, is the parent company of our data storage business. Our principal executive offices are located at 5601 Great Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95119. Our telephone number is (408) 717-6000.
Western Digital, the Western Digital logo, SanDisk, and WD are registered trademarks or trademarks of Western Digital or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other trademarks, registered trademarks and/or service marks, indicated or otherwise, are the property of their respective owners.
3

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Any statements that do not relate to historical or current facts or matters are forward-looking statements. You can identify some of the forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecast,” and the like, or the use of future tense. Statements concerning current conditions may also be forward-looking if they imply a continuation of current conditions. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning: expectations regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to reduce its spread; expectations regarding supply chain conditions and constraints; expectations regarding demand trends and market conditions for our products and expected future financial performance; expectations regarding our product momentum and product development and technology plans; expectations regarding capital expenditure plans and investments, including relating to our Flash Ventures joint venture with Kioxia Corporation (“Kioxia”), and sources of funding for those expenditures; expectations regarding the resolution of certain tax disputes with the IRS and the specific terms thereof; and our beliefs regarding the sufficiency of our available liquidity to meet our working capital, debt and capital expenditure needs.
These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, represent the most current information available to the Company as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
•future responses to and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•volatility in global economic conditions;
•impact of business and market conditions;
•impact of competitive products and pricing;
•our development and introduction of products based on new technologies and expansion into new data storage markets;
•risks associated with cost saving initiatives, restructurings, acquisitions, divestitures, mergers, joint ventures and our strategic relationships;
•difficulties or delays in manufacturing or other supply chain disruptions;
•hiring and retention of key employees;
•our substantial level of debt and other financial obligations;
•changes to our relationships with key customers;
•disruptions in operations from cyberattacks or other system security risks;
•actions by competitors;
•risks associated with compliance with changing legal and regulatory requirements and the outcome of legal proceedings; and
•the other risks and uncertainties disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
You are urged to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning these risks and review the additional disclosures we make concerning material risks and other factors that may affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements and our business and operating results, including those made in Part I, Item 1A of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K and any of those made in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that may from time to time amend, supplement or supersede the risks and uncertainties disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which speak only as of the date of this document. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new information or events after the date of this document or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
4

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value)
(Unaudited)

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,505 |  |  | $ | 3,370 |
Accounts receivable, net | 2,353 |  |  | 2,257 |
Inventories | 3,661 |  |  | 3,616 |
Other current assets | 659 |  |  | 514 |
Total current assets | 9,178 |  |  | 9,757 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 3,488 |  |  | 3,188 |
Notes receivable and investments in Flash Ventures | 1,417 |  |  | 1,586 |
Goodwill | 10,061 |  |  | 10,066 |
Other intangible assets, net | 252 |  |  | 442 |
Other non-current assets | 1,303 |  |  | 1,093 |
Total assets | $ | 25,699 |  |  | $ | 26,132 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1,836 |  |  | $ | 1,934 |
Accounts payable to related parties | 396 |  |  | 398 |
Accrued expenses | 1,605 |  |  | 1,653 |
Accrued compensation | 485 |  |  | 634 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 75 |  |  | 251 |
Total current liabilities | 4,397 |  |  | 4,870 |
Long-term debt | 7,087 |  |  | 8,474 |
Other liabilities | 2,231 |  |  | 2,067 |
Total liabilities | 13,715 |  |  | 15,411 |
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10, 11, 13 and 16) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized — 5 shares; issued and outstanding — none | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized — 450 shares; issued — 313 shares and 312 shares, respectively; outstanding — 313 shares and 308 shares, respectively | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Additional paid-in capital | 3,600 |  |  | 3,608 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (357) |  |  | (197) |
Retained earnings | 8,738 |  |  | 7,539 |
Treasury stock — common shares at cost; 0 shares and 4 shares, respectively | — |  |  | (232) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 11,984 |  |  | 10,721 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 25,699 |  |  | $ | 26,132 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
Revenue, net | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 3,200 |  |  | 3,046 |  |  | 9,836 |  |  | 9,047 |  |  |
Gross profit | 1,181 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 4,429 |  |  | 2,955 |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 572 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 1,725 |  |  | 1,645 |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 281 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 808 |  |  |
Employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges | 4 |  |  | (68) |  |  | 24 |  |  | (43) |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 857 |  |  | 774 |  |  | 2,600 |  |  | 2,410 |  |  |
Operating income | 324 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 1,829 |  |  | 545 |  |  |
Interest and other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Interest expense | (75) |  |  | (81) |  |  | (229) |  |  | (246) |  |  |
Other income, net | 12 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 26 |  |  |
Total interest and other expense, net | (62) |  |  | (68) |  |  | (217) |  |  | (214) |  |  |
Income before taxes | 262 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 331 |  |  |
Income tax expense | 237 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 132 |  |  |
Net income | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  |
Income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 3.84 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 313 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 305 |  |  |
Diluted | 316 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 308 |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
Net income | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial pension gain | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (82) |  |  | (95) |  |  | (123) |  |  | (29) |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts and available-for-sale securities | (74) |  |  | (84) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (34) |  |  |
Total other comprehensive loss, before tax | (155) |  |  | (177) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (59) |  |  |
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss, before tax | 15 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (140) |  |  | (160) |  |  | (160) |  |  | (53) |  |  |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 1,039 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 708 |  |  | 961 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 249 |  |  | 239 |  |  |
Deferred income taxes | 41 |  |  | (41) |  |  |
Gain on disposal of assets | (14) |  |  | (65) |  |  |
Amortization of debt discounts | 34 |  |  | 30 |  |  |
Other non-cash operating activities, net | 42 |  |  | (26) |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | (96) |  |  | 474 |  |  |
Inventories | (45) |  |  | (613) |  |  |
Accounts payable | (100) |  |  | (139) |  |  |
Accounts payable to related parties | (2) |  |  | (10) |  |  |
Accrued expenses | (48) |  |  | 251 |  |  |
Accrued compensation | (149) |  |  | 22 |  |  |
Other assets and liabilities, net | (234) |  |  | (378) |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,585 |  |  | 904 |  |  |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (842) |  |  | (820) |  |  |
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment | 13 |  |  | 121 |  |  |
Notes receivable issuances to Flash Ventures | (496) |  |  | (490) |  |  |
Notes receivable proceeds from Flash Ventures | 519 |  |  | 619 |  |  |
Strategic investments and other, net | (16) |  |  | 8 |  |  |
Net cash used in investing activities | (822) |  |  | (562) |  |  |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans | 62 |  |  | 71 |  |  |
Taxes paid on vested stock awards under employee stock plans | (85) |  |  | (51) |  |  |
Repayment of debt | (5,575) |  |  | (673) |  |  |
Proceeds from debt | 3,998 |  |  | — |  |  |
Debt issuance costs | (23) |  |  | — |  |  |
Other | — |  |  | (9) |  |  |
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,623) |  |  | (662) |  |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (5) |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (865) |  |  | (314) |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 3,370 |  |  | 3,048 |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 2,505 |  |  | $ | 2,734 |  |  |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 376 |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount | Shares |  | Amount
Balance at July 2, 2021 | 312 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | (4) |  |  | $ | (232) |  |  | $ | 3,608 |  |  | $ | (197) |  |  | $ | 7,539 |  |  | $ | 10,721 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 610 |  |  | 610 |
Employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 207 |  |  | (283) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Actuarial pension gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net unrealized gain on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Balance at October 1, 2021 | 312 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (25) |  |  | 3,401 |  |  | (167) |  |  | 8,149 |  |  | 11,361 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 564 |  |  | 564 |
Employee stock plans | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |
Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 313 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | (217) |  |  | 8,713 |  |  | 12,018 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |
Employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |
Actuarial pension gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (82) |  |  | — |  |  | (82) |
Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59) |  |  | — |  |  | (59) |
Balance at April 1, 2022 | 313 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,600 |  |  | $ | (357) |  |  | $ | 8,738 |  |  | $ | 11,984 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount | Shares |  | Amount
Balance at July 3, 2020 | 312 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | (10) |  |  | $ | (737) |  |  | $ | 3,717 |  |  | $ | (157) |  |  | $ | 6,725 |  |  | $ | 9,551 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (60) |  |  | (60) |
Adoption of new accounting standards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |
Employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 216 |  |  | (256) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Actuarial pension gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Net unrealized gain on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Balance at October 2, 2020 | 312 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (8) |  |  | (521) |  |  | 3,537 |  |  | (101) |  |  | 6,658 |  |  | 9,576 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | 62 |
Employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 131 |  |  | (71) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Actuarial pension gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |
Net unrealized gain on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Balance at January 1, 2021 | 312 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (390) |  |  | 3,546 |  |  | (50) |  |  | 6,720 |  |  | 9,829 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 197 |  |  | 197 |
Employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | (26) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Actuarial pension gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (95) |  |  | — |  |  | (95) |
Net unrealized gain on derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67) |  |  | — |  |  | (67) |
Balance at April 2, 2021 | 312 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | (6) |  |  | $ | (364) |  |  | $ | 3,603 |  |  | $ | (210) |  |  | $ | 6,917 |  |  | $ | 9,949 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Western Digital Corporation (“Western Digital” or the “Company”) is a leading developer, manufacturer, and provider of data storage devices and solutions that address the evolving needs of the information technology (“IT”) industry and the infrastructure that enables the proliferation of data in virtually every other industry. The Company creates environments for data to thrive. The Company is driving the innovation needed to help customers capture, preserve, access and transform an ever-increasing diversity of data. Everywhere data lives, from advanced data centers to mobile sensors to personal devices, the Company’s industry-leading solutions deliver the possibilities of data.
The accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Part II, Item 8, Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to fairly state the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.
Fiscal Year
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest to June 30 and typically consists of 52 weeks. Approximately every five to six years, the Company reports a 53-week fiscal year to align the fiscal year with the foregoing policy. Fiscal years 2022, which ends on July 1, 2022, and 2021, which ended on July 2, 2021, are each comprised of 52 weeks, with all quarters presented consisting of 13 weeks.
Use of Estimates
Company management has made estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of certain assets and liabilities in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and assumptions have been applied using methodologies that are consistent throughout the periods presented with consideration given to the potential impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and be significantly affected by the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent of actions to contain or treat COVID-19, the timing, distribution, efficacy and public acceptance of vaccines around the world, additional surges of COVID-19, including the emergence of more contagious or vaccine-resistant variants, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The Company adopted this ASU on July 3, 2021, which is the beginning of fiscal 2022, and its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock and results in fewer instruments with embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current standards. Those instruments that do not have a separately recognized embedded conversion feature will no longer recognize a debt issuance discount related to such a conversion feature and would recognize less interest expense on a periodic basis. Additionally, the ASU amends the calculation of the share dilution impact related to a conversion feature and eliminates the treasury method as an option. For instruments that do not have a component mandatorily settled in cash, the change will likely result in a higher amount of share dilution in the calculation of earnings per share. The Company expects to adopt this ASU in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, and is currently assessing the impact of adoption.
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance” (“ASU 2021-10”). ASU 2021-10 increases the transparency of government assistance received by requiring most business entities to disclose information about government assistance received, including (1) the types of assistance, (2) the entity’s accounting for the assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning after December 15, 2021, which for the Company is the first quarter of fiscal 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact and timing of adoption of this ASU.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 3. Segment Information
The Company manufactures, markets, and sells data storage devices and solutions in the U.S. and in foreign countries through its sales personnel, dealers, distributors, retailers, and subsidiaries. Historically, the Company had been managed and reported under a single operating segment. Late in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), announced a decision to reorganize the Company’s business by forming two separate product business units: flash-based products (“Flash”) and hard disk drives (“HDD”). To align with the new operating model and business structure, the Company made management organizational changes and implemented new reporting modules and processes to provide discrete information to manage the business. Effective July 3, 2021, the Company’s management finalized its assessment of the Company’s operating segments and concluded that the Company now has two reportable segments: Flash and HDD.
The CODM evaluates performance of the Company and makes decisions regarding allocation of resources based on each operating segment’s net revenue and gross margin, which are summarized below. Because of the integrated nature of the Company’s production and distribution activities, separate segment asset measures are not available or reviewed by the CODM to evaluate the performance of or to allocate resources to the segments.
The following table summarizes the operating performance of the Company’s reportable segments:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | $ | 2,243 |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 7,353 |  |  | $ | 6,287 |
HDD | 2,138 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 6,912 |  |  | 5,715 |
Total net revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 2,665 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |
HDD | 592 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | 1,462 |
Total gross profit for segments | 1,390 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | 4,726 |  |  | 3,214 |
Unallocated corporate items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contamination related charges | (203) |  |  | — |  |  | (203) |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense | (13) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (41) |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | — |  |  | (39) |  |  | (65) |  |  | (293) |
Recoveries from a power outage incident | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 75 |
Total unallocated corporate items | (209) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (297) |  |  | (259) |
Consolidated gross profit | $ | 1,181 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 4,429 |  |  | $ | 2,955 |
Gross margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | 35.6 | % |  | 30.0 | % |  | 36.2 | % |  | 27.9 | %
HDD | 27.7 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  | 29.8 | % |  | 25.6 | %
Consolidated gross margin | 27.0 | % |  | 26.4 | % |  | 31.0 | % |  | 24.6 | %

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Disaggregated Revenue
The Company’s broad portfolio of technology and products address multiple end markets. In the fiscal first quarter of 2022, the Company refined the end markets it reports to be Cloud, Client and Consumer. Cloud represents a large and growing end market comprised primarily of products for public or private cloud environments and end customers, which the Company believes it is uniquely positioned to address as the only provider of both flash and hard drive products. Through the Client end market, the Company provides its original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and channel customers a broad array of high-performance flash and hard drive solutions across personal computer, mobile, gaming, automotive, virtual reality headsets, at-home entertainment, and industrial spaces. The Consumer end market is highlighted by the Company’s broad range of retail and other end-user products, which capitalize on the strength of the Company’s product brand recognition and vast points of presence around the world.
The Company’s disaggregated revenue information is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Revenue by End Market |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 3,728 |  |  |
Client | 1,732 |  |  | 1,767 |  |  | 5,439 |  |  | 5,386 |  |  |
Consumer | 875 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 2,907 |  |  | 2,888 |  |  |
Total Revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  |
Revenue by Geography |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia | $ | 2,400 |  |  | $ | 2,215 |  |  | $ | 7,685 |  |  | $ | 6,702 |  |  |
Americas | 1,377 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 4,398 |  |  | 3,033 |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 604 |  |  | 913 |  |  | 2,182 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  |
Total Revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  |

The Company’s top 10 customers accounted for 44% and 43% of its net revenue for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, respectively, and 42% and 40% of its net revenue for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, respectively. For the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenue.
Goodwill
In connection with the Company’s determination of its reportable segments, effective July 3, 2021, the Company allocated its goodwill between its segments based on the estimated relative fair values of the business units. In addition, management performed a goodwill impairment assessment for each segment and concluded there were no impairment indicators as of both the beginning and end of the nine months ended April 1, 2022. The following table provides a summary of goodwill activity for the period:

| Flash |  | HDD |  | Total
| (in millions)
Balance at July 3, 2021 | $ | 5,738 |  |  | $ | 4,328 |  |  | $ | 10,066 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (5) |
Balance at April 1, 2022 | $ | 5,735 |  |  | $ | 4,326 |  |  | $ | 10,061 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 4. Revenues
Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration where performance obligations are completed but the customer payments are not due until another performance obligation is satisfied. The Company did not have any contract assets as of either April 1, 2022 or July 2, 2021.
The Company incurs sales commissions and other direct incremental costs to obtain sales contracts. The Company has applied the practical expedient to recognize the direct incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period is expected to be one year or less or the amount is not material, with these costs charged to Selling, general and administrative expenses. Other direct incremental costs to obtain contracts that have an expected benefit of greater than one year are amortized over the period of expected cash flows from the related contracts, and the amortization expense is recorded as a reduction to revenue. Total capitalized contract costs as of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021 as well as the related amortization for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021 were not material.
Contract liabilities relate to customers’ payments in advance of performance under the contract and primarily relate to remaining performance obligations under support and maintenance contracts. As of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, contract liabilities were not material.
The Company applies the practical expedients and does not disclose transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for (i) arrangements that have an original expected duration of one year or less, which mainly consist of the support and maintenance contracts, and (ii) variable consideration amounts for sale-based or usage-based royalties for intellectual property (“IP”) license arrangements, which typically range longer than one year. Remaining performance obligations are mainly attributed to right-to-access patent license arrangements and customer support and service contracts which will be recognized over the remaining contract period. The transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations as of April 1, 2022 was $42 million, which is mainly attributable to the functional IP license and service arrangements. The Company expects to recognize this amount as revenue as follows: $10 million during the remainder of fiscal 2022, $30 million in fiscal 2023, and $2 million in fiscal 2024 and thereafter.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 5. Supplemental Financial Statement Data
Accounts receivable, net
From time to time, in connection with factoring agreements, the Company sells trade accounts receivable without recourse to third party purchasers in exchange for cash. During the nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, the Company sold trade accounts receivable and received cash proceeds of $100 million and $233 million, respectively. The discounts on the trade accounts receivable sold were not material and were recorded within Other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the amount of factored receivables that remained outstanding was $100 million and $0, respectively.
Inventories

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials and component parts | $ | 1,662 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |
Work-in-process | 1,028 |  |  | 1,088 |
Finished goods | 971 |  |  | 905 |
Total inventories | $ | 3,661 |  |  | $ | 3,616 |

Property, plant and equipment, net

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Property, plant and equipment: |  |  |
Land | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 278 |
Buildings and improvements | 1,898 |  |  | 1,854 |
Machinery and equipment | 8,438 |  |  | 7,860 |
Computer equipment and software | 479 |  |  | 440 |
Furniture and fixtures | 54 |  |  | 51 |
Construction-in-process | 566 |  |  | 476 |
Property, plant and equipment, gross | 11,707 |  |  | 10,959 |
Accumulated depreciation | (8,219) |  |  | (7,771) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 3,488 |  |  | $ | 3,188 |

Intangible assets

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 5,495 |  |  | $ | 5,508 |
In-process research and development | 80 |  |  | 80 |
Accumulated amortization | (5,323) |  |  | (5,146) |
Intangible assets, net | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 442 |

As part of prior acquisitions, the Company recorded at the time of the acquisition acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) for projects in progress that had not yet reached technological feasibility. IPR&D is initially accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Once a project reaches technological feasibility, the Company reclassifies the balance to existing technology and begins to amortize the intangible asset over its estimated useful life.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Product warranty liability
Changes in the warranty accrual were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Warranty accrual, beginning of period | $ | 351 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  |
Charges to operations | 35 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 86 |  |  |
Utilization | (20) |  |  | (27) |  |  | (71) |  |  | (82) |  |  |
Changes in estimate related to pre-existing warranties | (11) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (48) |  |  | (55) |  |  |
Warranty accrual, end of period | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  |

The current portion of the warranty accrual is classified in Accrued expenses and the long-term portion is classified in Other liabilities as noted below:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
| (in millions)
Warranty accrual: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion (included in Accrued expenses) | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term portion (included in Other liabilities) | 188 |  |  | 188 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total warranty accrual | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other liabilities

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Other liabilities: |  |  |
Non-current net tax payable | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 684 |
Payables related to unrecognized tax benefits | 996 |  |  | 750 |
Other non-current liabilities | 688 |  |  | 633 |
Total other liabilities | $ | 2,231 |  |  | $ | 2,067 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax refers to expenses, gains and losses that are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The following table illustrates the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI:

| Actuarial Pension Gains (Losses) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Contracts |  | Total Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| (in millions)
Balance at July 2, 2021 | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (124) |  |  | $ | (197) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 2 |  |  | (123) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (172) |  |  | (293) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121 |  |  | 121 |
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 2 |  |  | (123) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (39) |  |  | (160) |
Balance at April 1, 2022 | $ | (33) |  |  | $ | (161) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (163) |  |  | $ | (357) |

During the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, the amounts reclassified out of AOCI were losses related to foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swap contracts. Losses reclassified out of AOCI related to foreign exchange contracts were $14 million and $83 million, for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, respectively, and were substantially charged to Cost of revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Losses reclassified out of AOCI related to interest rate swap contracts were $13 million and $38 million, for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, respectively, and were charged to Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of April 1, 2022, substantially all of existing net losses related to cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months. In addition, as of April 1, 2022, the Company did not have any foreign exchange forward contracts with credit-risk-related contingent features.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 6. Fair Value Measurements and Investments
Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities that are remeasured and reported at fair value at each reporting period are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels:
Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2. Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3. Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such values:

| April 1, 2022
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in millions)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents - Money market funds | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |
Foreign exchange contracts | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188 |
Interest rate swap contracts | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 204 |

| July 2, 2021
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in millions)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents - Money market funds | $ | 1,283 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,283 |
Foreign exchange contracts | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 1,283 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,297 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65 |
Interest rate swap contracts | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145 |

During the periods presented, the Company had no transfers of financial assets and liabilities between levels and there were no changes in valuation techniques or the inputs used in the fair value measurement.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
For financial instruments where the carrying value (which includes principal adjusted for any unamortized issuance costs, and discounts or premiums) differs from fair value (which is based on quoted market prices), the following table represents the related carrying value and fair value for each of the Company’s outstanding financial instruments. Each of the financial instruments presented below was categorized as Level 2 for all periods presented, based on the frequency of trading immediately prior to the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, respectively.

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
| (in millions)
Variable interest rate Term Loan A-1 maturing 2023 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,327 |  |  | $ | 4,346 |
Variable interest rate Term Loan B-4 maturing 2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,093 |  |  | 1,094 |
1.50% convertible notes due 2024 | 1,040 |  |  | 1,063 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 1,173 |
4.75% senior unsecured notes due 2026 | 2,290 |  |  | 2,342 |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | 2,556 |
Variable interest rate Term Loan A-2 maturing 2027 | 2,843 |  |  | 2,802 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
2.85% senior unsecured notes due 2029 | 495 |  |  | 457 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
3.10% senior unsecured notes due 2032 | 494 |  |  | 445 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 7,162 |  |  | $ | 7,109 |  |  | $ | 8,725 |  |  | $ | 9,169 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
As of April 1, 2022, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts that were designated as either cash flow hedges or non-designated hedges. Substantially all of the contract maturity dates of these foreign exchange forward contracts do not exceed 12 months. In addition, the Company had outstanding pay-fixed interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate interest payments through February 2023, on a portion of its term loans.
Changes in fair values of the non-designated foreign exchange contracts are recognized in Other income, net and are largely offset by corresponding changes in the fair values of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. For each of the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, total net realized and unrealized transaction and foreign exchange contract currency gains and losses were not material to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Unrealized gains or losses on designated cash flow hedges are recognized in AOCI. For more information regarding cash flow hedges, see Part I, Item 1, Note 5. Supplemental Information - Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Netting Arrangements
Under certain provisions and conditions within agreements with counterparties to the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts, subject to applicable requirements, the Company has the right of offset associated with the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts and is allowed to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. As of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the effect of rights of offset was not material and the Company did not offset or net the fair value amounts of derivative instruments in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 8. Debt
Debt consisted of the following as of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Variable interest rate Term Loan A-1 maturing 2023 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,332 |
Variable interest rate Term Loan B-4 maturing 2023 | — |  |  | 1,093 |
1.50% convertible notes due 2024 | 1,100 |  |  | 1,100 |
4.75% senior unsecured notes due 2026 | 2,300 |  |  | 2,300 |
Variable interest rate Term Loan A-2 maturing 2027 | 2,850 |  |  | — |
2.85% senior unsecured notes due 2029 | 500 |  |  | — |
3.10% senior unsecured notes due 2032 | 500 |  |  | — |
Total debt | 7,250 |  |  | 8,825 |
Issuance costs and debt discounts | (88) |  |  | (100) |
Subtotal | 7,162 |  |  | 8,725 |
Less current portion of long-term debt | (75) |  |  | (251) |
Long-term debt | $ | 7,087 |  |  | $ | 8,474 |

In October 2021, the Company voluntarily prepaid the remaining principal balance of its Term Loan B-4 in accordance with its terms.
In December 2021, the Company issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.850% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.100% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2032 (the “2032 Notes”) pursuant to the terms of an indenture, dated as of December 10, 2021 (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture dated as of December 10, 2021 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. As used herein, “Indenture” means the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture. The Indenture contains certain restrictive covenants which are subject to a number of limitations and exceptions. Interest for both the 2029 Notes and 2032 Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Company is not required to make principal payments on either the 2029 Notes or 2032 Notes prior to their maturity dates.
During the six months ended December 31, 2021, the Company made scheduled principal payments of $126 million and voluntary prepayments of $1.21 billion on the outstanding principal balance on its Term Loan A-1 in accordance with its terms to reduce the remaining outstanding principal balance to $3.00 billion. Payments were made using proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes and the 2032 Notes and available cash on hand. On January 7, 2022, the Company entered into a restatement agreement (“Restatement Agreement”) to amend and restate the Loan Agreement, originally dated as of April 29, 2016 (including subsequent amendments and the Restatement Agreement, collectively, the “Loan Agreement”), to provide for, among other things, (i) the issuance of a new $3.00 billion Term Loan A-2 maturing in January 2027 (the “Term Loan A-2”) to replace its previously existing Term Loan A-1; and (ii) the availability of a new $2.25 billion revolving credit facility maturing in January 2027 (the “2027 Revolving Facility”) to replace its previously existing $2.25 billion revolving credit facility and (iii) additional covenant flexibility and other modifications. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are the senior unsecured obligations of the Company and do not benefit from any collateral or subsidiary guarantees.
The Term Loan A-2 Loan bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate equal to either (x) the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (as defined in the Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin varying from 1.125% to 2.000% or (y) a base rate plus an applicable margin varying from 0.125% to 1.000%, in each case depending on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), with an initial interest rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375%. The Term Loan A-2 amortizes in quarterly installments of $19 million for each of the first four quarters beginning the quarter ending July 1, 2022 through the quarter ending March 31, 2023; $38 million per quarter thereafter; and the remaining balance payable January 7, 2027.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Loans under the 2027 Revolving Facility bear interest at a per annum rate, at the Company’s option, equal to either (x) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin varying from 1.125% to 2.000% or (y) a base rate plus an applicable margin varying from 0.125% to 1.000%, in each case depending on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, with an initial rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375%. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee on the 2027 Revolving Facility ranging from 0.120% to 0.350% based on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, with an initial unused commitment fee of 0.200%.
Issuance costs and discounts are amortized to interest expense over their respective terms, and as of April 1, 2022, unamortized issuance costs and discounts were $5 million for the 2029 Notes, $6 million for the 2032 Notes, and $7 million for the Term Loan A-2.
In accordance with the Loan Agreement, the Company is required to comply with a leverage ratio financial covenant. As of April 1, 2022, the Company was in compliance with this financial covenant.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 9. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
The Company has pension and other post-retirement benefit plans in various countries. The Company’s principal pension plans are in Japan, Thailand and the Philippines. All pension and other post-retirement benefit plans outside of the Company’s Japan, Thailand and Philippines defined benefit pension plans (the “Pension Plans”) are immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The expected long-term rate of return on the Pension Plans assets is 2.5%.
Obligations and Funded Status
The following table presents the unfunded status of the benefit obligations for the Pension Plans:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at end of period | 210 |  |  | 227 |  |  |
Unfunded status | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  |

The following table presents the unfunded amounts related to the Pension Plans as recognized on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Current liabilities | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Non-current liabilities | 128 |  |  | 131 |
Net amount recognized | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 132 |

Net periodic benefit costs were not material for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 10. Related Parties and Related Commitments and Contingencies
Flash Ventures
The Company’s business ventures with Kioxia Corporation (“Kioxia”) consist of three separate legal entities: Flash Partners Ltd. (“Flash Partners”), Flash Alliance Ltd. (“Flash Alliance”), and Flash Forward Ltd. (“Flash Forward”), collectively referred to as “Flash Ventures”.
The following table presents the notes receivable from, and equity investments in, Flash Ventures as of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Notes receivable, Flash Partners | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 191 |
Notes receivable, Flash Alliance | 130 |  |  | 213 |
Notes receivable, Flash Forward | 666 |  |  | 561 |
Investment in Flash Partners | 182 |  |  | 199 |
Investment in Flash Alliance | 266 |  |  | 293 |
Investment in Flash Forward | 122 |  |  | 129 |
Total notes receivable and investments in Flash Ventures | $ | 1,417 |  |  | $ | 1,586 |

During the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and during the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, the Company made net payments to Flash Ventures of $1.1 billion and $3.4 billion, and $1.1 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively, for purchased flash-based memory wafers and net loans.
The Company makes, or will make, loans to Flash Ventures to fund equipment investments for new process technologies and additional wafer capacity. The Company aggregates its Flash Ventures’ notes receivable into one class of financing receivables due to the similar ownership interest and common structure in each Flash Venture entity. For all reporting periods presented, no loans were past due and no loan impairments were recorded. The Company’s notes receivable from each Flash Ventures entity, denominated in Japanese yen, are secured by equipment owned by that Flash Ventures entity.
As of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the Company had Accounts payable balances due to Flash Ventures of $396 million and $398 million, respectively.
The Company’s maximum reasonably estimable loss exposure (excluding lost profits) as a result of its involvement with Flash Ventures, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate at April 1, 2022, is presented below. Investments in Flash Ventures are denominated in Japanese yen, and the maximum estimable loss exposure excludes any cumulative translation adjustment due to revaluation from the Japanese yen to the U.S. dollar.

| April 1, 2022
| (in millions)
Notes receivable | $ | 847 |
Equity investments | 570 |
Operating lease guarantees | 1,897 |
Inventory and prepayments | 983 |
Maximum estimable loss exposure | $ | 4,297 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The Company is obligated to pay for variable costs incurred in producing its share of Flash Ventures’ flash-based memory wafer supply, based on its three-month forecast, which generally equals 50% of Flash Ventures’ output. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay for half of Flash Ventures’ fixed costs regardless of the output the Company chooses to purchase. The Company is not able to estimate its total wafer purchase commitment obligation beyond its rolling three-month purchase commitment because the price is determined by reference to the future cost of producing the semiconductor wafers. In addition, the Company is committed to fund 49.9% to 50.0% of each Flash Ventures entity’s capital investments to the extent that each Flash Ventures entity’s operating cash flow is insufficient to fund these investments.
In January 2022, the Company entered into additional agreements regarding Flash Ventures’ investment in a new wafer fabrication facility currently under construction in Yokkaichi, Japan, referred to as “Y7”. The primary purpose of Y7 is to provide clean room space to continue the transition of existing flash-based wafer capacity to newer flash technology nodes. The Company is committed to pay, among other items, future building depreciation prepayments of $482 million as follows: $142 million in fiscal year 2022, $314 million in fiscal year 2023 and $26 million in fiscal year 2024, to be credited against future wafer charges.
In June 2019, an unexpected power outage incident occurred at the flash-based memory manufacturing facilities operated in Yokkaichi, Japan. The power outage incident impacted the facilities and process tools and resulted in damage to flash wafers in production and a reduction in the Company’s flash wafer availability. During the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, the Company recovered $7 million related to this incident from insurance carriers. During the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, the Company recovered $45 million and $75 million, respectively, related to this incident from insurance carriers. Recoveries related to the incident were recorded in Cost of revenue.
In February 2022, contamination of certain material used in manufacturing processes occurred at both the Yokkaichi and Kitakami, Japan fabrication facilities, resulting in damage to inventory units in production, a temporary disruption to production operations and a reduction in the Company’s flash wafer availability. During the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, the Company incurred charges of $203 million related to this contamination incident that were recorded in Cost of revenue, which primarily consisted of scrapped inventory and rework costs, decontamination and other costs needed to restore the facilities to normal capacity, and under absorption of overhead costs. The Company is evaluating potential options for recovery.
Inventory Purchase Commitments with Flash Ventures. Purchase orders placed under Flash Ventures for up to three months are binding and cannot be canceled.
Research and Development Activities. The Company participates in common research and development (“R&D”) activities with Kioxia and is contractually committed to a minimum funding level. R&D commitments are immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities
Flash Ventures sells to and leases back from a consortium of financial institutions a portion of its tools and has entered into equipment lease agreements of which the Company guarantees half or all of the outstanding obligations under each lease agreement. The lease agreements are subject to customary covenants and cancellation events related to Flash Ventures and each of the guarantors. The occurrence of a cancellation event could result in an acceleration of Flash Ventures’ obligations and a call on the Company’s guarantees.
The following table presents the Company’s portion of the remaining guarantee obligations under the Flash Ventures’ lease facilities in both Japanese yen and U.S. dollar-equivalent, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate as of April 1, 2022.

| Lease Amounts
| (Japanese yen, in billions) |  | (U.S. dollar, in millions)
Total guarantee obligations | ¥ | 223 |  |  | $ | 1,897 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The following table details the breakdown of the Company’s remaining guarantee obligations between the principal amortization and the purchase option exercise price at the end of the term of the Flash Ventures lease agreements, in annual installments as of April 1, 2022 in U.S. dollars, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate as of April 1, 2022:

Annual Installments |  | Payment of Principal Amortization |  | Purchase Option Exercise Price at Final Lease Terms |  | Guarantee Amount
|  | (in millions)
Remaining three months of 2022 |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150 |
2023 |  | 516 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 575 |
2024 |  | 369 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 475 |
2025 |  | 181 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 278 |
2026 |  | 153 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 299 |
Thereafter |  | 27 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 120 |
Total guarantee obligations |  | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 1,897 |

The Company and Kioxia have agreed to mutually contribute to, and indemnify each other and Flash Ventures for, environmental remediation costs or liability resulting from Flash Ventures’ manufacturing operations in certain circumstances. The Company has not made any indemnification payments, nor recorded any indemnification receivables, under any such agreements. As of April 1, 2022, no amounts have been accrued in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to these indemnification agreements.
Unis Venture
The Company has a joint venture with Unisplendour Corporation Limited and Unissoft (Wuxi) Group Co. Ltd. (“Unis”), referred to as the “Unis Venture”, to market and sell the Company’s products in China and to develop data storage systems for the Chinese market in the future. The Unis Venture is 49% owned by the Company and 51% owned by Unis. The Company accounts for its investment in the Unis Venture under the equity method of accounting. Revenue on products distributed by the Unis Venture is recognized upon sell through to third-party customers. For both the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, the Company recognized approximately 5% of its consolidated revenue on products distributed by the Unis Venture. For both the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, the Company recognized approximately 3% of its consolidated revenue on products distributed by the Unis Venture. The outstanding accounts receivable due from the Unis Venture were 6% and 5% of Accounts receivable, net for April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, respectively.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 11. Leases and Other Commitments
Leases
The Company leases certain domestic and international facilities and data center space under long-term, non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2034. These leases include no material variable or contingent lease payments. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Operating lease assets also include prepaid lease payments minus any lease incentives. Extension or termination options present in the Company’s lease agreements are included in determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise those options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The following table summarizes supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of April 1, 2022:

| Lease Amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Minimum lease payments by fiscal year: | ($ in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Remaining three months of 2022 | $ | 14 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 | 48 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2024 | 48 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2025 | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2026 | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thereafter | 188 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total future minimum lease payments | 386 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Imputed Interest | 55 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Present value of lease liabilities | 331 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Current portion (included in Accrued expenses) | 41 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term operating lease liabilities (included in Other liabilities) | $ | 290 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets (included in Other non-current assets) | $ | 313 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term in years | 8.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average discount rate | 3.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following table summarizes supplemental disclosures of operating cost and cash flow information related to operating leases:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Cost of operating leases | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Cash paid for operating leases | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 38 |
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 28 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Purchase Agreements and Other Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into purchase orders with suppliers for the purchase of components used to manufacture its products. These purchase orders generally cover forecasted component supplies needed for production during the next quarter, are recorded as a liability upon receipt of the components, and generally may be changed or canceled at any time prior to shipment of the components. The Company also enters into long-term agreements with suppliers that contain fixed future commitments, which are contingent on certain conditions such as performance, quality and technology of the vendor’s components. As of April 1, 2022, the Company had the following minimum long-term commitments:

|  | Long-term commitments
|  | (in millions)
Fiscal year: |  |
Remaining three months of 2022 |  | $ | 162 |
2023 |  | 560 |
2024 |  | 309 |
2025 |  | 148 |
2026 |  | 20 |
Thereafter |  | 170 |
Total |  | $ | 1,369 |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following tables present the Company’s stock-based compensation for equity-settled awards by type (i.e., restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock unit awards with performance conditions or market conditions (“PSUs”), and rights to purchase shares of common stock under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)) and financial statement line as well as the related tax benefit included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
RSUs and PSUs | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  |
ESPP | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 27 |  |  |
Total | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  |

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Cost of revenue | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  |
Research and development | 43 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 120 |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 30 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 78 |  |  |
Subtotal | 86 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 239 |  |  |
Tax benefit | (9) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (35) |  |  |
Total | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  |

Windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies for shortfalls related to the vesting and exercise of stock-based awards, which are recognized as a component of the Company’s Income tax expense, were not material for the periods presented.
Compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, PSUs, and rights to purchase shares of common stock under the ESPP will generally be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining average service period. The following table presents the unamortized compensation cost and weighted average service period of all unvested outstanding awards as of April 1, 2022:

| Unamortized Compensation Costs |  | Weighted Average Service Period
| (in millions) |  | (years)
RSUs and PSUs (1) | $ | 589 |  |  | 2.3
ESPP | 70 |  |  | 1.5
Total unamortized compensation cost | $ | 659 |  |  |

(1) Weighted average service period assumes the performance metrics are met for the PSUs.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Plan Activities
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s incentive plans. All outstanding options were exercisable at April 1, 2022:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
| (in millions) |  |  |  | (in years) |  | (in millions)
Options outstanding at July 2, 2021 | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 72.84 |  |  | 1.2 |  | $ | 15 |
Exercised | (0.2) |  |  | 43.52 |  |  |  |  | 3 |
Canceled or expired | (0.4) |  |  | 98.24 |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at April 1, 2022 | 0.9 |  |  | 65.97 |  |  | 0.77 |  | 2 |

RSUs and PSUs
The following table summarizes RSU and PSU activity under the Company’s incentive plans:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value at Vest Date
| (in millions) |  |  |  | (in millions)
RSUs and PSUs outstanding at July 2, 2021 | 16.1 |  |  | $ | 50.12 |  |  |
Granted | 5.5 |  |  | 62.53 |  |  |
Vested | (4.9) |  |  | 53.93 |  |  | $ | 301 |
Forfeited | (1.7) |  |  | 51.77 |  |  |
RSUs and PSUs outstanding at April 1, 2022 | 15.0 |  |  | 53.33 |  |  |

RSUs and PSUs are generally settled in an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of vesting of the units.
Stock Repurchase Program
The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of the Company’s common stock, which authorization is effective through July 25, 2023. The Company did not make any stock repurchases during the nine months ended April 1, 2022 and has not repurchased any shares of its common stock pursuant to its stock repurchase program since the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The remaining amount available to be repurchased under the Company’s current stock repurchase program as of April 1, 2022 was $4.5 billion. Repurchases under the stock repurchase program may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan. The Company expects stock repurchases to be funded principally by operating cash flows.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 13. Income Tax Expense
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017, includes a broad range of tax reform proposals affecting businesses. The Company completed its accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the 2017 Act during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. However, the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) have issued tax guidance on certain provisions of the 2017 Act since the enactment date, and the Company anticipates the issuance of additional regulatory and interpretive guidance. The Company applied a reasonable interpretation of the 2017 Act along with the then-available guidance in finalizing its accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Act. Any additional regulatory or interpretive guidance would constitute new information, which may require further refinements to the Company’s estimates in future periods.
The following table presents the Company’s Income tax expense and the effective tax rate:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
| ($ in millions)
Income before taxes | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 1,612 |  |  | $ | 331 |
Income tax expense | 237 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 132 |
Effective tax rate | 90 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 26 | % |  | 40 | %

The primary drivers of the difference between the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21%, are the relative mix of earnings and losses by jurisdiction, the deduction for foreign derived intangible income, credits, and tax holidays in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand that will expire at various dates during fiscal years 2024 through 2031. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 includes the discrete effect of a net increase to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, which includes interest and offsetting tax benefits, as a result of ongoing discussions with various taxing authorities of $194 million and $219 million, respectively.
The primary drivers of the difference between the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021 and the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% are the relative mix of earnings and losses by jurisdiction, the deduction for foreign derived intangible income, credits, and tax holidays in Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021 includes discrete effects for increases to unrecognized tax benefits of $35 million as a result of ongoing discussions with various taxing authorities that are offset in part by a release of certain unrecognized tax benefits of $22 million as a result of business realignment activities. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended April 2, 2021 also includes the discrete effects of net tax deficiencies from shortfalls of $11 million related to the vesting of stock-based awards and additional tax expense of $10 million from the re-measurement of deferred tax liabilities due to restructuring activities, which have no impact on the amount of income taxes paid by the Company.
As previously disclosed, the IRS issued statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to transfer pricing with the Company’s foreign subsidiaries and intercompany payable balances for fiscal years 2008 through 2015. The Company filed petitions with the U.S. Tax Court covering fiscal years 2008 through 2012, for which it had received statutory notices of deficiency, while fiscal years 2013 through 2015 remain in the jurisdiction of the IRS’s Examination function. The IRS has filed various Amendments to Answer with the U.S. Tax Court which, together with the notices of proposed adjustments, would result in additional federal income tax liabilities totaling approximately $1.6 billion and penalties totaling $449 million with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015. During the three months ended April 1, 2022, in preparation for trial in May 2022, new information became available which required the Company to re-measure its unrecognized tax benefits for which an additional tax expense of $224 million, including interest, was recorded.
Uncertain Tax Positions
With the exception of certain unrecognized tax benefits that are directly associated with the tax position taken, unrecognized tax benefits are presented gross in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits excluding accrued interest and penalties for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 (in millions):

Accrual balance at July 2, 2021 | $ | 748 |
Gross increases related to current year tax positions | 7 |
Gross increases related to prior year tax positions | 216 |
Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions | (57) |
Settlements | (2) |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (5) |
Accrual balance at April 1, 2022 | $ | 907 |

As of April 1, 2022, the liability for unrecognized tax benefits (excluding accrued interest and penalties) was $907 million. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in liabilities recorded for uncertain tax positions and are recorded in the provision for income taxes. Accrued interest and penalties included in the Company’s liability related to unrecognized tax benefits as of April 1, 2022 was $231 million. Of these amounts, approximately $996 million could result in potential cash payments.
Subsequent to April 1, 2022, the Company and the IRS tentatively reached a basis for resolving the statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015 subject to the parties entering into final stipulations and a closing agreement. As a result, the trial originally scheduled to take place in May 2022 has been cancelled. The tentative basis for resolution would incrementally increase the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and offsetting tax benefits, by approximately $80 million to $100 million. Including this incremental increase, the Company expects to pay tax and interest totaling approximately $600 million to $700 million within the next twelve months, which the Company expects to be partially offset by reductions to its mandatory deemed repatriation tax obligations aggregating to approximately $100 million in later years. The Company is not able to provide a reasonable estimate of the timing of future tax and interest payments related to the remaining unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company believes that adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from any other tax examinations. However, the outcome of such tax examinations cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax examinations are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. Any significant change in the amount of the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits would most likely result from additional information or settlements relating to the examination of the Company’s tax returns.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 14. Net Income Per Common Share
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted income per common share:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
| (in millions, except per share data)
Net income | $ | 25 |  |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 199 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 313 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 305 |
Employee stock options, RSUs, PSUs and ESPP | 3 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Basic and diluted | 316 |  |  |  | 313 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 308 |
Income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.08 |  |  |  | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 3.84 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
Diluted | $ | 0.08 |  |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
Anti-dilutive potential common shares excluded | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |

The Company computes basic income per common share using Net income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per common share is computed using Net income and the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include dilutive outstanding employee stock options, RSUs and PSUs, and rights to purchase shares of common stock under the Company’s ESPP.
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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 15. Employee Termination, Asset Impairment, and Other Charges
Business Realignment
The Company periodically incurs charges as part of the integration process of recent acquisitions and to realign its operations with anticipated market demand, primarily consisting of organization rationalization designed to streamline its business, reduce its cost structure and focus its resources. The Company recorded the following charges related to these actions:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Employee termination benefits | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  |
Asset impairments and losses (gains) on disposal of assets | — |  |  | (70) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (70) |  |  |
Total employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (68) |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (43) |  |  |

The following table presents an analysis of the components of these activities against the reserve during the nine months ended April 1, 2022:

| Employee Termination Benefits |  |  |  |
| (in millions) |  |  |  |
Accrual balance at July 2, 2021 | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Charges | 22 |  |  |  |  |
Cash payments | (20) |  |  |  |  |
Accrual balance at April 1, 2022 | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  |

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WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 16. Legal Proceedings
Tax
For disclosures regarding statutory notices of deficiency issued by the IRS in June 2018 and December 2018, petitions filed by the Company with the U.S. Tax Court in September 2018 and March 2019, additional penalties asserted by the IRS in March 2021 and further Amendments to Answers filed by the IRS in June 2021 and January 2022, and a tentative resolution with respect to certain matters, see Note 13, Income Tax Expense.
Other Matters
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of probable monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these other matters is subject to many uncertainties, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, would not be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, any monetary liability and financial impact to the Company from these matters could differ materially from the Company’s expectations.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures we make concerning risks and other factors that may affect our business and operating results. You should read this information in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021. See also “Forward-Looking Statements” immediately prior to Part I, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to specific years and quarters are to our fiscal years and fiscal quarters. As used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer to Western Digital Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Our Company
We are on a mission to unlock the potential of data by harnessing the possibility to use it. With both Flash and HDD franchises, underpinned by advancements in memory technologies, we create breakthrough innovations and powerful data storage solutions that enable the world to actualize its aspirations.
Our fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest to June 30 and typically consists of 52 weeks. Approximately every five to six years, we report a 53-week fiscal year to align the fiscal year with the foregoing policy. Fiscal years 2022, which ends on July 1, 2022, and 2021, which ended on July 2, 2021, are each comprised of 52 weeks, with all quarters presented consisting of 13 weeks.
Key Developments
Joint Venture Contamination Incident
In February 2022, contamination of certain material used in manufacturing processes occurred at Flash Ventures’ fabrication facilities in both Yokkaichi and Kitakami, Japan which resulted in damage to inventory units in production, a temporary disruption to production operations and a reduction in our flash wafer availability. During the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, we incurred charges of $203 million related to this contamination incident that were recorded in Cost of revenue and primarily consisted of scrapped inventory and rework costs, decontamination and other costs needed to restore the facilities to normal capacity, and under absorption of overhead costs. We are evaluating potential options for recovery.
Tax Resolution
As previously disclosed, we have received statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments from the IRS with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015. During the three months ended April 1, 2022, new information became available which required us to re-measure our unrecognized tax benefits for this IRS matter. Subsequent to April 1, 2022, we and the IRS tentatively reached a basis for resolving this matter. Additional information is provided in our discussion of Income tax expense in our results of operations below, as well as in Part I, Item 1, Note 13, Income Tax Expense, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and in the “Short- and Long-Term Liquidity--Unrecognized Tax Benefits” section below.
Financing Activities
In fiscal 2022, we continued to execute on our commitment to reduce our overall debt levels and Fitch Ratings, Inc. raised our Company credit rating to investment grade in December 2021. We fully repaid our Term Loan B-4 in October 2021 and shortly thereafter initiated a series of transactions to further reduce our debt levels and better stagger the maturities of our debt. In December 2021, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.850% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.100% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2032 (the “2032 Notes”). We used the proceeds from these notes offerings and available cash to voluntarily repay $1.21 billion of our Term Loan A-1 and reduce its principal amount to $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2021. In January 2022, we amended and restated our existing loan agreement to provide for, among other things: (i) the issuance of a new $3.0 billion Term Loan A-2 maturing in January 2027 to replace our previously existing Term Loan A-1; (ii) the availability of a new $2.25 billion revolving credit facility maturing in January 2027 to replace our previously existing $2.25 billion revolving credit facility; and (iii) additional covenant flexibility and other modifications. Upon completion of these transactions, over 85% of the principal
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amount of our debt is now due in 2026 or later. We believe this new debt structure gives us greater financial stability and flexibility to manage our business over the longer term.
Additional information regarding our indebtedness, including the principal repayment terms, interest rates, covenants and other key terms of our outstanding indebtedness, is included in Part I, Item 1, Note 8, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 8, Note 6, Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021.
Flash Ventures
In January 2022, we entered into additional agreements with Kioxia regarding Flash Ventures’ investment in a new wafer fabrication facility, known as “Y7”, located in Yokkaichi, Japan. The primary purpose of Y7 is to provide clean room space to continue the transition of existing flash-based wafer capacity to newer technology nodes. Output from Y7 is expected to begin in the first half of fiscal year 2023. Our share of the initial commitment for Y7 is expected to result in equipment investments and start-up costs totaling approximately $140 million, to be incurred primarily through the second half of fiscal year 2022. We also agreed to pay, among other items, future building depreciation payments of $482 million as follows: $142 million in fiscal year 2022, $314 million in fiscal year 2023 and $26 million in fiscal year 2024, to be credited against future wafer charges.
Business Structure
Historically, our company had been managed and reported under a single operating segment. Late in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker, announced a decision to reorganize our business by forming two separate product business units: flash-based products (“Flash”) and hard disk drives (“HDD”). The new structure is intended to provide each business unit with focus and responsibility for identifying current and future customer requirements while driving the strategy, roadmap, pricing and overall profitability for their respective product areas. To align with the new operating model and business structure, we made management organizational changes and implemented new reporting modules and processes to provide discrete information to manage the business. Effective July 3, 2021, management finalized its assessment of our operating segments and concluded that we now have two reportable segments: Flash and HDD.
Our broad portfolio of technology and products address multiple end markets. In the fiscal first quarter of 2022, we refined the end markets we report to be “Cloud”, “Client” and “Consumer”. Cloud represents a large and growing end market comprised primarily of products for public or private cloud environments and end customers, which we believe we are uniquely positioned to address as the only provider of both flash and hard drive products. Through the Client end market, we provide our original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and channel customers a broad array of high-performance flash and hard drive solutions across personal computer, mobile, gaming, automotive, virtual reality headsets, at-home entertainment, and industrial spaces. The Consumer end market is highlighted by our broad range of retail and other end-user products, which capitalize on the strength of our product brand recognition and vast points of presence around the world.
The discussion and analysis included under Results of Operations below reflects our new business unit structure and end markets discussed above.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Operational Update
As the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has evolved, we have implemented and maintained more thorough sanitation practices as outlined by health organizations and supported vaccination efforts. We continually monitor and update our practices based on recommendations from health organizations to ensure the continued safety of our employees and business partners as we continue to return to site. In addition, the responses to COVID-19 taken by others in the supply chain have increased the costs of their services which have in turn impacted our operations. We incurred incremental charges primarily related to logistics, absorption and other factory-related costs of approximately $59 million and $185 million, and $33 million and $94 million during the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, respectively, which were recorded in Cost of revenue.
The technology hardware and semiconductor industries continued to face supply chain disruptions and component shortages during the quarter that negatively impacted both our customers’ ability to ship products, and our ability to build products. In order to meet our end customers’ demand, we are incurring increased component costs in addition to COVID-related expenses, which we expect to weigh primarily on our hard drive gross margins through the first half of calendar year 2022. While these supply disruptions may continue for the near term, we ultimately expect that they will be transitory as demand for our products remained solid during the COVID-19 pandemic, with work-from-home, distance learning, and at home entertainment driving demand for cloud environments, new devices, and retail products.
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The COVID-19 environment remains dynamic with outbreaks in various geographies including China, where we experienced a temporary lockdown. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions altering our business operations that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and stakeholders, or as required by federal, state, or local authorities. See “The COVID-19 pandemic could negatively affect our business” and “We are dependent on a limited number of qualified suppliers who provide critical services, materials or components, and a disruption in our supply chain could negatively affect our business” in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021 for more information regarding the risks we face as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruptions.
Russia Sanctions
In February 2022, the U.S. and other countries imposed sanctions on Russia. In accordance with these sanctions, we have ceased shipments to distributors for customers located in Russia. Our revenue from distributors for customers in Russia have not been significant. We have no material assets or operations in Russia.
Results of Operations
Third Quarter and Nine Month Overview
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, selected summary information from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations by dollars and percentage of net revenue(1):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ($ in millions) |  |
Revenue, net | $ | 4,381 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 244 |  |  | 6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 3,200 |  |  | 73.0 |  |  | 3,046 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 1,181 |  |  | 27.0 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 572 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 281 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges | 4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (68) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 72 |  |  | (106) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 857 |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 774 |  |  | 18.7 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 324 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (50) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (75) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | (81) |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (loss), net | 12 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest and other expense, net | (62) |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | (68) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before taxes | 262 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 237 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 356 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 25 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | (172) |  |  | (87) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Percentages may not total due to rounding.
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| Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ($ in millions) |  |
Revenue, net | $ | 14,265 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 2,263 |  |  | 19 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 9,836 |  |  | 69.0 |  |  | 9,047 |  |  | 75.4 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 4,429 |  |  | 31.0 |  |  | 2,955 |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 1,725 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 1,645 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 851 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges | 24 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (43) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 67 |  |  | (156) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 2,600 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 2,410 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 1,829 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 1,284 |  |  | 236 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (33) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (229) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | (246) |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | 17 |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | 8 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (18) |  |  | (69) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest and other expense, net | (217) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (214) |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before taxes | 1,612 |  |  | 11.3 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | 387 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 413 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 213 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,199 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 503 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Percentages may not total due to rounding.
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The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, a summary of our segment information:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
| ($ in millions)
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | $ | 2,243 |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 7,353 |  |  | $ | 6,287 |
HDD | 2,138 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 6,912 |  |  | 5,715 |
Total net revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 2,665 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |
HDD | 592 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | 1,462 |
Unallocated corporate items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contamination related charges | (203) |  |  | — |  |  | (203) |  |  | — |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | — |  |  | (39) |  |  | (65) |  |  | (293) |
Stock-based compensation expense | (13) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (41) |
Recoveries from a power outage incident | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 75 |
Total unallocated corporate items | (209) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (297) |  |  | (259) |
Consolidated gross profit | $ | 1,181 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 4,429 |  |  | $ | 2,955 |
Gross margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flash | 35.6 | % |  | 30.0 | % |  | 36.2 | % |  | 27.9 | %
HDD | 27.7 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  | 29.8 | % |  | 25.6 | %
Consolidated gross margin | 27.0 | % |  | 26.4 | % |  | 31.0 | % |  | 24.6 | %

Our disaggregated revenue information is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
| (in millions)
Revenue by End Market |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 3,728 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Client | 1,732 |  |  | 1,767 |  |  | 5,439 |  |  | 5,386 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer | 875 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 2,907 |  |  | 2,888 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by Geography |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia | $ | 2,400 |  |  | $ | 2,215 |  |  | $ | 7,685 |  |  | $ | 6,702 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | 1,377 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 4,398 |  |  | 3,033 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 604 |  |  | 913 |  |  | 2,182 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenue | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 14,265 |  |  | $ | 12,002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Net Revenue
The increases in consolidated net revenue for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable periods in the prior year reflect increases in exabytes of Flash and HDD sold as further discussed below. The revenue increases driven by exabyte growth were partially offset by declines in the average price per gigabyte of storage for both Flash and HDD as product mix shifted.
Despite the disruption to our Flash production from the contamination event at Flash Ventures’ fabrication facilities in both Yokkaichi and Kitakami, Japan, Flash revenue increased 3% for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily driven by a 9% increase in exabytes sold, partially offset by a decline in the average price per gigabyte. The higher exabytes sold primarily reflected the ramp of our latest BiCS5 flash solutions. Higher volume was also driven by strong demand in gaming along with a growing brand recognition of WD_Black based products in our Consumer market. Flash revenue increased 17% for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily driven by a 24% increase in exabytes sold, partially offset by a decline in the average price per gigabyte. The increase in exabytes for the nine-month period was largely attributable to the same factors noted above for the three-month period.
HDD revenue increased 9% for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily driven by a 20% increase in exabytes sold, partially offset by a decline in the average price per gigabyte as noted above. The increase in exabytes sold was due to continued demand for our latest generation energy assisted drives among our public and private cloud customers. The strong demand in Cloud was partly offset by a decline in HDD exabytes sold in our Client and Consumer end markets due to continued pressure in the commercial channel related to component issues impacting our customers’ ability to ship product and greater component sourcing constraints within our own operations, and customers transitioning to client SSD. HDD revenue increased 21% for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily driven by a 33% increase in exabytes sold, partially offset by a decline in the average price per gigabyte as noted above. The increase in exabytes for the nine-month period was largely attributable to the same factors noted above for the three-month period.
The increase in Cloud revenue for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year was led by demand for HDD capacity enterprise drives, including growth in our 18-terabyte capacity drives and ramp of our 20-terabyte capacity drives. The growth was partially offset by lower revenues from enterprise SSDs primarily caused by the supply impact as a result of the contamination event mentioned above and lower revenues from smart video hard drives. In Client, the slight decrease in revenues for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year reflected declines in both client SSD and client HDD revenue, as a result of the supply chain disruptions noted previously, partially offset by the ramp of 5G phones. In Consumer, the slight decrease in revenues for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year reflected declines in both Flash and HDD as a result of short term demand weakness outside the U.S. tied to geopolitical events in Europe, as well as COVID-related lockdowns in China.
The increase in Cloud revenue for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year primarily reflects the same drivers noted above for the three-month period. Client revenue was relatively flat for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 compared to the prior year, with growth in mobile (led by 5G growth), gaming, automotive, IOT, and industrial applications in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, partially offset by declines in both client SSD and client HDD revenue, as a result of the supply chain disruptions noted previously. Consumer revenue was relatively flat for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year with growth in gaming along with a growing brand recognition of WD_Black tempered by the slightly weaker demand in the third quarter noted above.
The changes in net revenue by geography for both the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable periods in the prior year reflect routine variations in the mix of business.
Our top 10 customers accounted for 44% and 43% of our net revenue for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, respectively, compared to 42% and 40% of our net revenue for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, respectively. For each of the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of our net revenue.
Consistent with standard industry practice, we have sales incentive and marketing programs that provide customers with price protection and other incentives or reimbursements that are recorded as a reduction to gross revenue. These programs represented 17% and 18% of gross revenues for both the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, and 18% and 19% of gross revenues for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021, respectively. Adjustments due to changes in accruals for these programs have generally averaged less than 1% of gross revenue year over year. The amounts attributed to our sales incentive and marketing programs generally vary according to several factors including industry conditions, list pricing strategies,
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seasonal demand, competitor actions, channel mix and overall availability of products. Changes in future customer demand and market conditions may require us to adjust our incentive programs as a percentage of gross revenue.
We believe we have made significant progress in strengthening our product portfolio to meet our customers’ growing and evolving storage needs. We have largely completed qualification of BiCS5 based product for client and consumer end markets. Additionally, qualification of OptiNAND-based hard drives progress as planned across multiple cloud and OEM customers and we continue to see an increase in customer interest in adopting shingled magnetic recording (“SMR”) technology. Combining OptiNAND with our SMR leadership positions us to drive business results in our capacity enterprise business. For our next generation 3D-flash, we continued commercial shipment of consumer flash devices based on our 162-layer BiCs6. We expect these developments to contribute to further revenue growth when supply chain disruptions begin to abate.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Consolidated gross profit increased by $90 million for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, which reflects the increase in revenue in both Flash and HDD and reduced costs as we ramped production on newer products, partially offset by charges of $203 million related to the contamination event in the Flash Ventures’ fabrication facilities. Consolidated gross margin increased 0.6 percentage points for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, which reflects cost reductions as we ramped production on newer products and a shift in product mix to higher-margin flash drives, partially offset by the impact of the contamination related charges which represented approximately 4.6 percentage points of gross margin. Flash and HDD gross margin increased by 5.6 and 2.7 percentage points year over year, respectively, reflecting cost reductions as we ramped production on newer products.
Consolidated gross profit increased by $1.47 billion for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, which reflects the increase in revenue in both Flash and HDD, as well as a $228 million decrease in charges in the current period related to amortization expense on acquired intangible assets, some of which became fully amortized, partially offset by the contamination related charges of $203 million noted above. Consolidated gross margin increased 6.4 percentage points for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, which reflects higher gross margin in both Flash and HDD as a result of cost reductions as we ramped production on newer products and a shift in product mix to higher-margin flash drives, as well as the lower charges for amortization of acquired intangible assets noted above. Flash and HDD gross margin increased by 8.3 and 4.2 percentage points year over year, respectively, reflecting cost reductions as we ramped production on newer products.
Operating Expenses
Research and development (“R&D”) expense increased $17 million and $80 million for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022, respectively, from the comparable period in the prior year. The primary increase was due to increased headcount.
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense decreased $6 million for the three months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting slightly lower variable compensation expense. SG&A expense increased $43 million for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 from the comparable period in the prior year and primarily reflected higher outside professional services.
Employee termination, asset impairment and other charges for both the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 reflect minor actions taken in each period, while the prior year periods primarily reflected gains related to the disposition of assets associated with actions taken in earlier periods. For information regarding Employee termination, asset impairment and other charges, see Part I, Item 1, Note 15, Employee Termination, Asset Impairment, and Other Charges of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interest and Other Income (Expense)
Total interest and other expense, net for the three months ended April 1, 2022 slightly decreased compared to the prior year, mainly reflecting lower interest expense primarily resulting from the pay-down of principal on our debt. Total interest and other expense, net for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 increased slightly compared to the prior year, mainly reflecting unfavorable exchange rates in the current period mostly offset by lower interest expense resulting from the pay-down of principal on our debt.
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Income Tax Expense
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”) includes a broad range of tax reform proposals affecting businesses. We completed our accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the 2017 Act during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. However, the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) have issued tax guidance on certain provisions of the 2017 Act since the enactment date, and we anticipate the issuance of additional regulatory and interpretive guidance. We applied a reasonable interpretation of the 2017 Act along with the then-available guidance in finalizing our accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Act. Any additional regulatory or interpretive guidance would constitute new information, which may require further refinements to our estimates in future periods.
The following table sets forth income tax information from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations by dollar and effective tax rate:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  | April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021
| ($ in millions)
Income before taxes | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 1,612 |  |  | $ | 331 |
Income tax expense | 237 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 132 |
Effective tax rate | 90 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 26 | % |  | 40 | %

The primary drivers of the difference between the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 and the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21%, are the relative mix of earnings and losses by jurisdiction, the deduction for foreign derived intangible income, credits, and tax holidays in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand that will expire at various dates during fiscal years 2024 through 2031. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 1, 2022 includes the discrete effect of a net increase to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, which includes interest and offsetting tax benefits, as a result of ongoing discussions with various taxing authorities of $194 million and $219 million, respectively.
The primary drivers of the difference between the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021 and the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% are the relative mix of earnings and losses by jurisdiction, the deduction for foreign derived intangible income, credits, and tax holidays in Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended April 2, 2021 includes discrete effects for increases to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $35 million as a result of ongoing discussions with various taxing authorities that are offset in part by a release of certain unrecognized tax benefits of $22 million as a result of business realignment activities. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended April 2, 2021 also includes the discrete effects of net tax deficiencies from shortfalls of $11 million related to the vesting of stock-based awards and additional tax expense of $10 million from the re-measurement of deferred tax liabilities due to restructuring activities, which have no impact on the amount of income taxes that we paid.
Subsequent to April 1, 2022, we and the IRS tentatively reached a basis for resolving the statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015. See the “--Short- and Long-Term Liquidity--Unrecognized Tax Benefits” section below for additional information related to this matter.
Our future effective tax rate is subject to future regulatory developments and changes in the mix of our U.S. earnings compared to foreign earnings. Our total tax expense in future fiscal years may also vary as a result of discrete items such as excess tax benefits or deficiencies.
For additional information regarding Income tax expense, see Part I, Item 1, Note 13, Income Tax Expense, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our statements of cash flows:

| Nine Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |
| (in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 904 |  |  |
Investing activities | (822) |  |  | (562) |  |  |
Financing activities | (1,623) |  |  | (662) |  |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (5) |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (865) |  |  | $ | (314) |  |  |

We and the IRS tentatively reached a basis for resolving the statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015. We expect to pay tax and interest totaling approximately $600 million to $700 million within the next twelve months. See Part I, Item 1, Note 13, Income Tax Expense for further details. We believe our cash, cash equivalents and cash generated from operations as well as our available credit facilities will be sufficient to satisfy this obligation and meet our working capital, debt and capital expenditure needs for at least the next twelve months. Our ability to sustain our working capital position is subject to a number of risks that we discuss in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021.
As further explained under Key Developments- Financing Activities above, we have taken recent actions to reduce our overall debt levels and extend the average maturity. Following these actions, we have reduced the outstanding principal amount of our debt by approximately $1.58 billion since July 2, 2021 and over 85% of the principal amount is now due in 2026 or later. We also have an existing shelf registration statement (the “Shelf Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that expires in August 2024, which allows us to offer and sell shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, and debt securities. We used the Shelf Registration Statement to complete our offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes in December 2021, and we may use the Shelf Registration Statement or other capital sources, including other offerings of equity or debt securities or the credit markets, to satisfy future financing needs, including planned or unanticipated capital expenditures, investments, debt repayments or other expenses. Any such additional financing will be subject to market conditions and may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.
During fiscal 2022, we expect expenditures for property, plant and equipment for our company plus our portion of the capital expenditures by our Flash Ventures joint venture with Kioxia for its operations to aggregate approximately $2.9 billion. After consideration of the Flash Ventures’ lease financing of its capital expenditures and net operating cash flow, we now expect net cash used for our purchases of property, plant and equipment and net activity in notes receivable relating to Flash Ventures to be a cash outflow of approximately $1.3 billion during fiscal 2022. The total expected cash to be used could vary depending on the timing and completion of various capital projects and the availability, timing and terms of related financing.
A total of $1.96 billion and $1.97 billion of our Cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries as of April 1, 2022 and April 2, 2021, respectively. There are no material tax consequences that were not previously accrued for on the repatriation of this cash.
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Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities primarily consists of net income, adjusted for non-cash charges, plus or minus changes in operating assets and liabilities. This represents our principal source of cash. Net cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities was $674 million for the nine months ended April 1, 2022, as compared to $393 million for the nine months ended April 2, 2021. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities are largely affected by our working capital requirements, which are dependent on the effective management of our cash conversion cycle as well as timing of payments for taxes. Our cash conversion cycle measures how quickly we can convert our products into cash through sales. The cash conversion cycles were as follows (in days):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| April 1, 2022 |  | April 2, 2021 |  |  |  |
Days sales outstanding | 49 |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |
Days in inventory | 104 |  |  | 110 |  |  |  |  |
Days payables outstanding | (63) |  |  | (66) |  |  |  |  |
Cash conversion cycle | 90 |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  |

Changes in days sales outstanding (“DSO”) are generally due to the timing of shipments. Changes in days in inventory (“DIO”) are generally related to the timing of inventory builds and staging of inventory to meet expected future demand. Changes in days payables outstanding (“DPO”) are generally related to production volume and the timing of purchases during the period. From time to time, we negotiate to modify the timing of payments to our vendors to manage our vendor relationships and to manage our cash flows, including our cash balances.
For the three months ended April 1, 2022, DSO increased by 7 days from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting the timing of shipments and customer collections. DIO and DPO decreased by 6 days and 3 days, respectively, from the comparable period in the prior year primarily reflecting improved supply chain management in the HDD business, as well as routine variations in the timing of purchases and payments during the period.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended April 1, 2022 primarily consisted of $842 million in capital expenditures partially offset by a $23 million net decrease in notes receivable issuances to Flash Ventures. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended April 2, 2021 primarily consisted of $820 million in capital expenditures, partially offset by a $129 million net decrease in notes receivable issuances to Flash Ventures.
Our cash equivalents are primarily invested in money market funds that invest in U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agency securities. In addition, from time to time, we also invest directly in certificates of deposit, asset backed securities and corporate and municipal notes and bonds.
Financing Activities
During the nine months ended April 1, 2022, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of $5.58 billion for repayment of debt, as well as $85 million for taxes paid on vested stock awards under employee stock plans offset by net proceeds of $4.0 billion from the issuance of new debt, which was used to fund a portion of the debt repayment, and $62 million from the issuance of stock under employee stock plans. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended months ended April 2, 2021 primarily consisted of $673 million for the repayment of our debt, which included a $300 million voluntary prepayment on our Term Loan B-4.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than the commitments related to Flash Ventures incurred in the normal course of business and certain indemnification provisions (see “Short and Long-term Liquidity-Contractual Obligations and Commitments” below), we do not have any other material off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets, or any other obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity. We do not have any majority-owned subsidiaries that are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, with the exception of Flash Ventures and our joint venture with Unisplendour Corporation Limited and Unissoft (Wuxi) Group Co. Ltd., we do not have an interest in, or relationships with, any variable interest entities. For additional information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements, see Part I, Item 1, Note 10, Related Parties and Related Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Short- and Long-term Liquidity
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following is a summary of our known contractual cash obligations and commercial commitments as of April 1, 2022:

| Total |  | Remaining Three Months of 2022 |  | 2023-2024 |  | 2025-2026 |  | Beyond 2026
| (in millions)
Long-term debt, including current portion(1) | $ | 7,250 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 3,287 |
Interest on debt | 1,009 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 159 |
Flash Ventures related commitments(2) | 5,038 |  |  | 1,427 |  |  | 2,967 |  |  | 835 |  |  | (191) |
Operating leases | 386 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 188 |
Purchase obligations and other commitments | 4,013 |  |  | 1,823 |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 170 |
Mandatory Deemed Repatriation Tax | 791 |  |  | — |  |  | 277 |  |  | 514 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 18,487 |  |  | $ | 3,308 |  |  | $ | 6,984 |  |  | $ | 4,582 |  |  | $ | 3,613 |

(1)Principal portion of debt, excluding discounts and issuance costs.
(2)Includes reimbursement for depreciation and lease payments on owned and committed equipment, funding commitments for loans and equity investments and payments for other committed expenses, including R&D and building depreciation. Funding commitments assume no additional operating lease guarantees. Additional operating lease guarantees can reduce funding commitments.
Debt
In addition to our existing debt, we have $2.25 billion available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility until January 2027, subject to customary conditions under the loan agreement. Additional information regarding our indebtedness, including information about availability under our revolving credit facility and the principal repayment terms, interest rates, covenants and other key terms of our outstanding indebtedness, is included in Part I, Item 1, Note 8, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 8, Note 6, Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021.
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We may issue additional debt securities in the future that may be guaranteed by our 100% owned domestic subsidiary, Western Digital Technologies, Inc. (“Guarantor” and, together with Western Digital Corporation, the “Obligor Group”). Such guarantees may be full and unconditional, joint and several, on a secured or unsecured, subordinated or unsubordinated basis, and may be subject to certain customary guarantor release conditions. We conduct operations almost entirely through our subsidiaries. Accordingly, the Obligor Group’s cash flow and ability to service any guaranteed registered debt securities will depend on the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings to the Obligor Group, including the earnings of the non-guarantor subsidiaries, whether by dividends, loans or otherwise. Holders of such guaranteed registered debt securities would have a direct claim only against the Obligor Group.
The following tables include summarized financial information for the Obligor Group. The information for the Obligor Group is presented on combined basis, excluding intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and the Guarantor and excluding investments in and equity in the earnings of non-guarantor subsidiaries. The Obligor Group’s amounts due from, amounts due to, and transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries have been presented in separate line items in the tables below.
The assets and liabilities of the Obligor Group include the following:

| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Current assets (excluding net intercompany receivable from non-guarantor subsidiaries) | $ | 2,067 |  |  | $ | 2,898 |
Non-current assets | 1,882 |  |  | 1,903 |
Net intercompany payable to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 1,001 |  |  | 463 |
Current liabilities | 1,985 |  |  | 2,325 |
Non-current liabilities | 8,538 |  |  | 9,726 |

The operating results and transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries of the Obligor Group include the following:

| Nine Months Ended |  | Year Ended
| April 1, 2022 |  | July 2, 2021
| (in millions)
Net sales | $ | 6,337 |  |  | $ | 12,378 |
Gross profit | 1,683 |  |  | 1,861 |
Operating income | 106 |  |  | 142 |
Net income (loss) | (121) |  |  | 377 |
Intercompany revenue | 1,855 |  |  | 5,190 |
Net intercompany interest expense (income) | (22) |  |  | 23 |
Intercompany dividends | 252 |  |  | 528 |

Flash Ventures
Flash Ventures sells to and leases back from a consortium of financial institutions a portion of its tools and has entered into equipment lease agreements of which we guarantee half or all of the outstanding obligations under each lease agreement. The leases are subject to customary covenants and cancellation events that relate to Flash Ventures and each of the guarantors. The occurrence of a cancellation event could result in an acceleration of the lease obligations and a call on our guarantees. As of April 1, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under these Japanese lease facilities. See Part I, Item 1, Note 10, Related Parties and Related Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding Flash Ventures.
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Purchase Obligations and Other Commitments
In the normal course of business, we enter into purchase orders with suppliers for the purchase of components used to manufacture our products. These purchase orders generally cover forecasted component supplies needed for production during the next quarter, are recorded as a liability upon receipt of the components, and generally may be changed or canceled at any time prior to shipment of the components. We also enter into long-term agreements with suppliers that contain fixed future commitments, which are contingent on certain conditions such as performance, quality and technology of the vendor’s components. These arrangements are included under “Purchase obligations and other commitments” in the table above.
Mandatory Deemed Repatriation Tax
The following is a summary of our estimated mandatory deemed repatriation tax obligations that are payable in the following fiscal years (in millions):

|  | April 1, 2022
2023 |  | $ | 106 |
2024 |  | 171 |
2025 |  | 228 |
2026 |  | 286 |
Total |  | $ | 791 |

For additional information regarding our estimate of the total tax liability for the mandatory deemed repatriation tax, see Part II, Item 8, Note 14, Income Tax Expense, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As of April 1, 2022, the liability for unrecognized tax benefits (excluding accrued interest and penalties) was $907 million. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in liabilities for uncertain tax positions and are recorded in the provision for income taxes. Accrued interest and penalties included in our liability related to unrecognized tax benefits as of April 1, 2022 was $231 million. Of these amounts, approximately $996 million could result in potential cash payments.
Subsequent to April 1, 2022, we and the IRS tentatively reached a basis for resolving the statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to fiscal years 2008 through 2015 subject to the parties entering into final stipulations and a closing agreement. As a result, the trial originally scheduled to take place in May 2022 has been cancelled. The tentative basis for resolution would incrementally increase the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and offsetting tax benefits, by approximately $80 million to $100 million. Including this incremental increase, we expect to pay tax and interest totaling approximately $600 million to $700 million within the next twelve months, which we expect to be partially offset by reductions to our mandatory deemed repatriation tax obligations aggregating to approximately $100 million in later years. We are not able to provide a reasonable estimate of the timing of future tax and interest payments related to the remaining unrecognized tax benefits.
Foreign Exchange Contracts
We purchase foreign exchange contracts to hedge the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on certain underlying assets, liabilities and commitments for Operating expenses and product costs denominated in foreign currencies. For a description of our current foreign exchange contract commitments, see Part I, Item 1, Note 7, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of our breach of agreements, products or services to be provided by us, environmental compliance or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain of our officers that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. We maintain director and officer insurance, which may cover certain liabilities arising from our obligation to indemnify our directors and officers in certain circumstances.
It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Such indemnification agreements may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, we have not incurred material costs as a result of obligations under these agreements.
Stock Repurchase Program
Our Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of our common stock, which authorization is effective through July 25, 2023. We did not make any stock repurchases during the nine months ended April 1, 2022 and have not repurchased any shares of our common stock pursuant to our stock repurchase program since the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Although we will reevaluate the repurchasing of our common stock when appropriate, there can be no assurance if, when or at what level we may resume such activity. The remaining amount available to be repurchased under our current stock repurchase program as of April 1, 2022 was $4.5 billion. Repurchases under the stock repurchase program may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, including the respective dates of adoption and expected effects on our results of operations and financial condition, see Part I, Item 1, Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of the financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. We have adopted accounting policies and practices that are generally accepted in the industry in which we operate. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements may be material.
There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021. Please refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes to our market risk during the nine months ended April 1, 2022. See Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021 for further information about our exposure to market risk.
Foreign Currency Risk
We performed sensitivity analyses as of April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021 using a modeling technique that measures the change in the fair values arising from a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in the levels of foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar, with all other variables held constant. The analyses cover all of our foreign currency derivative contracts used to offset the underlying exposures. The foreign currency exchange rates used in performing the sensitivity analyses were based on market rates in effect at April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021. The sensitivity analyses indicated that a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar would result in a foreign exchange fair value loss of $294 million and $183 million at April 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, respectively.
Interest Rate Risk
We have generally held a balance of fixed and variable rate debt. As of April 1, 2022, we had reduced the amount of variable rate debt to $2.85 billion from $5.43 billion as of July 2, 2021. As of April 1, 2022, a one percent increase in the variable rate of interest would increase annual interest expense by $29 million. We currently have pay-fixed interest rate swaps of $2.0 billion notional amount, which would mitigate the impact of fluctuations in variable interest rates through February 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 13, Income Tax Expense, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for disclosures regarding statutory notices of deficiency issued by the IRS in June 2018 and December 2018, petitions filed by the Company with the U.S. Tax Court in September 2018 and March 2019, additional penalties asserted by the IRS in March 2021 and further Amendments to Answers filed by the IRS in June 2021 and January 2022, and a tentative resolution with respect to certain matters.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We have described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021 risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results of operations and financial condition to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, results of operations and financial condition. There have been no material changes from these risk factors previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 2, 2021. These risks and uncertainties are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
Item 5. Other Information
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
On March 2, 2021, the U.S. government designated the Russian Federal Security Service (the “FSB”) as a blocked party under Executive Order 13382; however, on the same day, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control issued General License No. 1B (the “OFAC General License”), which generally authorizes U.S. companies to engage in certain transactions and dealings with the FSB necessary and ordinarily incident to requesting or obtaining licenses, permits, certifications or notifications issued or registered by the FSB for the importation, distribution or use of information technology products in the Russian Federation.
Prior to February 24, 2022, in the normal course of business and as permitted and authorized by the OFAC General License, we filed notifications with, or applied for import licenses and permits from, the FSB as required pursuant to Russian encryption product import controls for the purpose of enabling us or our channel partners to import and distribute certain products in the Russian Federation. There are no gross revenues or net profits directly associated with these activities, and we do not distribute or sell products or provide services to the FSB. After February 24, 2022, we ceased shipments into Russia and we have not filed notifications with or applied for import licenses and permits from the FSB since such date. We expect to resume filing notifications with and applications for import licenses and permits from the FSB to qualify our products for importation and distribution in the Russian Federation if and when we decide to resume sales into the Russian Federation and as permitted by applicable U.S. law, including the OFAC General License.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index below are filed with, or incorporated by reference in, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as specified in the Exhibit List, from exhibits previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain agreements listed in the Exhibit Index that we have filed or incorporated by reference may contain representations and warranties by us or our subsidiaries. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other party or parties to such agreements and (i) may have been qualified by disclosures made to such other party or parties, (ii) were made only as of the date of such agreements or such other date(s) as may be specified in such agreements and are subject to more recent developments, which may not be fully reflected in our public disclosures, (iii) may reflect the allocation of risk among the parties to such agreements and (iv) may apply materiality standards different from what may be viewed as material to investors. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs at the date hereof and should not be relied upon.
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Western Digital Corporation, as amended to date (Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-08703) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2006)
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Western Digital Corporation, as amended effective as of February 10, 2021 (Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-08703) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2021)
10.1 |  | Offer Letter to Wissam Jabre†*
10.2 |  | Restatement Agreement, dated January 7, 2022, by and among Western Digital Corporation, JPMorgan Chase Bank. N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto†
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002†
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002†
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document†
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document†
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document†
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document†
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document†
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

† Filed with this report.
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
** Furnished with this report.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION
| By: | /s/ Gene Zamiska
|  | Gene Zamiska
|  | Senior Vice President, Global Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer
|  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

Dated: May 4, 2022
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