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Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Basis of Presentation AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (the "Company," which term, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to AvalonBay Communities, Inc. together with its subsidiaries), is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"). The Company focuses on the development, redevelopment, acquisition, ownership and operation of multifamily communities in New England, the New York/New Jersey metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California, as well as in the Company's expansion markets in Southeast Florida and Denver, Colorado (the "Expansion Markets"). At September 30, 2020, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 275 operating apartment communities containing 80,292 apartment homes in 11 states and the District of Columbia, of which one community containing 344 apartment homes was under redevelopment. In addition, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 19 communities under development that are expected to contain an aggregate of 6,384 apartment homes when completed, as well as The Park Loggia, which contains 172 for-sale residential condominiums, of which 59 have been sold as of September 30, 2020, and 67,000 square feet of commercial space, of which 64% has been leased as of September 30, 2020. The Company also owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in land or rights to land on which the Company expects to develop an additional 27 communities that, if developed as expected, will contain an estimated 9,320 apartment homes. The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods, have been included. Capitalized terms used without definition have meanings provided elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested restricted share awards contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends and participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders and, accordingly, are considered participating securities that are included in the two-class method of computing basic earnings per share ("EPS"). Both the unvested restricted shares and other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. The Company's earnings per common share are determined as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
| For the three months ended |  | For the nine months ended
| 9/30/2020 |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2020 |  | 9/30/2019
Basic and diluted shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares - basic | 140,271,574 |  |  | 139,340,142 |  |  | 140,366,438 |  |  | 138,931,955 |
Weighted average DownREIT units outstanding | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 324,648 |  |  | 505,032 |  |  | 328,865 |  |  | 498,609 |
Weighted average common shares - diluted | 140,603,722 |  |  | 139,852,674 |  |  | 140,702,803 |  |  | 139,438,064 |
Calculation of Earnings per Share - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 147,703 |  |  | $ | 279,677 |  |  | $ | 486,502 |  |  | $ | 618,324 |
Net income allocated to unvested restricted shares | (342) |  |  | (704) |  |  | (1,158) |  |  | (1,655) |
Net income attributable to common stockholders, adjusted | $ | 147,361 |  |  | $ | 278,973 |  |  | $ | 485,344 |  |  | $ | 616,669 |
Weighted average common shares - basic | 140,271,574 |  |  | 139,340,142 |  |  | 140,366,438 |  |  | 138,931,955 |
Earnings per common share - basic | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 3.46 |  |  | $ | 4.44 |
Calculation of Earnings per Share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 147,703 |  |  | $ | 279,677 |  |  | $ | 486,502 |  |  | $ | 618,324 |
Add: noncontrolling interests of DownREIT unitholders in consolidated partnerships | 12 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 34 |
Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 147,715 |  |  | $ | 279,688 |  |  | $ | 486,538 |  |  | $ | 618,358 |
Weighted average common shares - diluted | 140,603,722 |  |  | 139,852,674 |  |  | 140,702,803 |  |  | 139,438,064 |
Earnings per common share - diluted | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 3.46 |  |  | $ | 4.43 |
All options to purchase shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements (collectively, "Hedging Derivatives") for interest rate risk management purposes and in conjunction with certain variable rate secured debt to satisfy lender requirements. The Company does not enter into Hedging Derivative transactions for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company assesses the effectiveness of qualifying cash flow and fair value hedges, both at inception and on an on-going basis. Hedge ineffectiveness is reported as a component of interest expense, net. The fair values of Hedging Derivatives that are in an asset position are recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets. The fair value of Hedging Derivatives that are in a liability position are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company does not present or disclose the fair value of Hedging Derivatives on a net basis. Fair value changes for derivatives that are not in qualifying hedge relationships are reported as a component of interest expense, net. For the Hedging Derivative positions that the Company has determined qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the Company has recorded the cumulative changes in the fair value of Hedging Derivatives in other comprehensive loss. Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the hedged cash flow. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the Hedging Derivatives that the Company has determined qualified as effective fair value hedges is reported as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the corresponding debt being hedged. See Note 11, "Fair Value," for further discussion of derivative financial instruments. Legal and Other Contingencies The Company is involved in various claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not currently believe that any of these outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Acquisitions of Investments in Real Estate The Company accounts for acquisitions of investments in real estate in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the initial measurement, which first requires that the Company determine if the real estate investment is the acquisition of an asset or a business combination. Under either model, the Company must identify and determine the fair value of any assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. Typical assets acquired and liabilities assumed include land, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, debt and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above or below market leases and in-place leases. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes various sources, including its own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in its portfolio and other market data. Consideration for acquisitions is typically in the form of cash unless otherwise disclosed. For a business combination, the Company records the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair value of each respective item. For an asset acquisition, the allocation of the purchase price is based on the relative fair value of the net assets. The Company expenses all applicable acquisition costs for a business combination and capitalizes all applicable acquisition costs for an asset acquisition. The Company expects that acquisitions of individual operating communities will generally be viewed as asset acquisitions. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts in prior years' notes to financial statements to conform to current year presentations as a result of changes in held for sale classification, disposition activity and segment classification. For-Sale Condominium Inventory The Company presents for-sale condominium inventory at historical cost and evaluates the condominium inventory for impairment when potential indicators exist, as further discussed in Note 6, "Real Estate Disposition Activities." Leases The Company is party to leases as both a lessor and a lessee, primarily as follows: •lessor of residential and commercial space within its apartment communities; and •lessee under (i) ground leases for land underlying current operating or development communities and (ii) office leases for its corporate headquarters and regional offices. Lessee Considerations The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, including specified portions of larger assets, for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leases include both fixed and variable lease payments, which are based on an index or rate such as the consumer price index (CPI) or percentage rents based on total sales. Lease payments included in the lease liability include only payments that depend on an index or rate. For leases that have options to extend the term or terminate the lease early, the Company only factored the impact of such options into the lease term if the option was considered reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company determined the discount rate associated with its ground and office leases on a lease by lease basis using the Company’s actual borrowing rates as well as indicative market pricing for longer term rates and taking into consideration the remaining term of each of the lease agreements. Lessor Considerations The Company evaluates leases in which it is the lessor, which are composed of residential and commercial leases at its apartment communities, and determined these leases to be operating leases. For lease agreements that provide for rent concessions and/or scheduled fixed and determinable rent increases, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable term of the lease, which, for residential leases, is generally one year. Some of the Company’s commercial leases have fixed-price renewal options, and the lessee may be able to exercise its renewal option at an amount less than the fair value of the rent at such time. The Company only includes renewal options in the lease term if, at the commencement of the lease, it is reasonably certain that the lessee will exercise this option. Revenue and Gain Recognition Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized in accordance with the transfer of goods and services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to for those goods and services. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from residential and commercial rental income and other lease income, which are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, discussed above. The Company's revenue streams that are not accounted for under ASC 842 include (i) management fees, (ii) rental and non-rental related income and (iii) gains or losses on the sale of real estate. The following table provides details of the Company’s revenue streams disaggregated by the Company’s reportable operating segments, further discussed in Note 8, “Segment Reporting,” for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Segment information for total revenue has been adjusted to exclude the real estate assets that were sold from January 1, 2019 through September 30, 2020, or otherwise qualify as held for sale as of September 30, 2020, as described in Note 6, "Real Estate Disposition Activities" (dollars in thousands):
|  | For the three months ended
|  | Established Communities |  | Other Stabilized Communities |  | Development/ Redevelopment Communities |  | Non- allocated (1) |  | Total
For the period ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, development and other fees |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 1,017 |
Rental and non-rental related income (2) |  | 1,959 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,773 |
Total non-lease revenue (3) |  | 1,959 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 3,790 |
Lease income (4) |  | 506,587 |  |  | 34,333 |  |  | 20,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 561,883 |
Business interruption insurance proceeds |  | 12 |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 282 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 508,558 |  |  | $ | 35,080 |  |  | $ | 21,300 |  |  | $ | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 565,955 |
For the period ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, development and other fees |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | 1,231 |
Rental and non-rental related income (2) |  | 1,796 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,374 |
Total non-lease revenue (3) |  | 1,796 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 3,605 |
Lease income (4) |  | 539,634 |  |  | 29,754 |  |  | 8,219 |  |  | — |  |  | 577,607 |
Business interruption insurance proceeds |  | 307 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 541,737 |  |  | $ | 30,199 |  |  | $ | 8,352 |  |  | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | 581,519 |
|  | For the nine months ended
|  | Established Communities |  | Other Stabilized Communities |  | Development/ Redevelopment Communities |  | Non- allocated (1) |  | Total
For the period ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, development and other fees |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,950 |  |  | $ | 2,950 |
Rental and non-rental related income (2) |  | 5,416 |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | 884 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,571 |
Total non-lease revenue (3) |  | 5,416 |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 2,950 |  |  | 10,521 |
Lease income (4) |  | 1,567,170 |  |  | 103,705 |  |  | 57,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,728,394 |
Business interruption insurance proceeds |  | 115 |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 1,572,701 |  |  | $ | 105,246 |  |  | $ | 58,403 |  |  | $ | 2,950 |  |  | $ | 1,739,300 |
For the period ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, development and other fees |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,484 |  |  | $ | 3,484 |
Rental and non-rental related income (2) |  | 5,753 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,055 |
Total non-lease revenue (3) |  | 5,753 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 3,484 |  |  | 10,539 |
Lease income (4) |  | 1,599,224 |  |  | 76,671 |  |  | 15,596 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,691,491 |
Business interruption insurance proceeds |  | 914 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 914 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 1,605,891 |  |  | $ | 77,749 |  |  | $ | 15,820 |  |  | $ | 3,484 |  |  | $ | 1,702,944 |
__________________________________ (1)Revenue represents third-party management, asset management and developer fees and miscellaneous income which are not allocated to a reportable segment. (2)Amounts include revenue streams related to leasing activities that are not considered components of a lease, including but not limited to, apartment hold fees and application fees, as well as revenue streams not related to leasing activities, including but not limited to, vendor revenue sharing, building advertising, vending and dry cleaning revenue. (3)Represents all revenue accounted for under ASU 2014-09. (4)Amounts include all revenue streams derived from residential and commercial rental income and other lease income, which are accounted for under ASC 842. Due to the nature and timing of the Company’s identified revenue streams, there are no material amounts of outstanding or unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic In March 2020, the World Health Organization designated COVID-19 as a pandemic. While the Company has taken various actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ultimate impact on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity will depend on (i) the duration and severity of the pandemic, (ii) the duration and nature of governmental responses to contain the spread of the disease and assist consumers and businesses, (iii) consumer and business responses to the pandemic, including preference for where and how to live and work, and (iv) how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Because of this uncertainty, the Company is not able to estimate the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, or liquidity for the year ending December 31, 2020 at this time. As of September 30, 2020, the Company assessed the collectibility of the outstanding lease income receivables as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its residential and commercial lease portfolios. The Company recorded an aggregate offset to income for uncollectible lease revenue for its residential and commercial portfolios of $18,755,000 and $43,034,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, under ASC 842 and ASC 450, Contingencies. Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires entities to estimate a lifetime expected credit loss for most financial assets, including (i) trade and other receivables, (ii) other long term financings including available for sale and held-to-maturity debt securities and (iii) loans. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which amends the scope of ASU 2016-13 and clarified that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the standard and should continue to be accounted for in accordance with the leases standard (Topic 842). The new standard was adopted on January 1, 2020 and does not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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