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Segment Reporting | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting The Company's reportable operating segments include Same Store, Other Stabilized and Development/Redevelopment. Annually as of January 1, the Company determines which of its communities fall into each of these categories and generally maintains that classification throughout the year for the purpose of reporting segment operations, unless disposition or redevelopment plans regarding a community change. In addition, the Company owns land for future development and has other corporate assets that are not allocated to an operating segment. The Company's segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the CODM for assessing each segment's performance. The Company's CODM is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI") as the primary financial measure for Same Store communities and Other Stabilized communities. NOI is defined by the Company as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses (including property taxes), and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income, expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries, interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, net, general and administrative expense, income from unconsolidated investments, depreciation expense, income tax expense, casualty and impairment loss, gain on sale of communities, other real estate activity and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale. The CODM evaluates the Company's financial performance on a consolidated residential and commercial basis. The commercial results attributable to the non-apartment components of the Company's mixed-use communities and other nonresidential operations represent 1.7% and 1.8% of total NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of a community's or communities' operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI excludes a number of income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to net income and consistent with how the Company's CODM evaluates total NOI. In conjunction with the Company’s continued centralization of operating activities into a shared services model, the Company changed its presentation for centralized shared service costs to reflect these platform costs in property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income for all periods presented. Total property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as presented in the following table includes $3,152,000 of shared services costs for this change. A reconciliation of NOI to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| For the three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 173,557 |  |  | $ | 146,775 |  |  |  |  |
Property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income | 35,204 |  |  | 33,936 |  |  |  |  |
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries | 4,245 |  |  | 2,992 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | 54,766 |  |  | 56,821 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expense | 20,331 |  |  | 20,400 |  |  |  |  |
Income from unconsolidated investments | (10,847) |  |  | (4,845) |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense | 212,269 |  |  | 204,743 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (22) |  |  | 3,560 |  |  |  |  |
Casualty and impairment loss | 2,935 |  |  | 5,051 |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate activity | (71) |  |  | (116) |  |  |  |  |
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | (426) |  |  | (6,950) |  |  |  |  |
Net operating income | $ | 491,941 |  |  | $ | 462,367 |  |  |  |  |
The following is a summary of NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
| For the three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Rental income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 9,709 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses from real estate assets sold or held for sale | (264) |  |  | (2,759) |  |  |  |  |
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | $ | 426 |  |  | $ | 6,950 |  |  |  |  |
The primary performance measure for communities under development or redevelopment depends on the stage of completion. While under development, management monitors actual construction costs against budgeted costs as well as lease-up pace and rent levels compared to budget. The following table details the Company's segment information as of the dates specified (dollars in thousands). The segments are classified based on the individual community's status at January 1, 2024. Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 has been adjusted to exclude the real estate assets that were sold from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024, or otherwise qualify as held for sale as of March 31, 2024, as described in Note 6, "Real Estate Disposition Activities."
| For the three months ended |  |  |  |
| Total revenue |  | NOI |  |  |  |  |  | Gross real estate (1)
For the period ended March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Same Store |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New England | $ | 96,751 |  |  | $ | 65,446 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,051,656 |
Metro NY/NJ | 135,746 |  |  | 93,172 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,415,604 |
Mid-Atlantic | 101,839 |  |  | 71,212 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,744,801 |
Southeast Florida | 24,439 |  |  | 15,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,099,114 |
Denver, CO | 10,129 |  |  | 7,398 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 505,411 |
Pacific Northwest | 43,217 |  |  | 30,983 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,526,666 |
Northern California | 107,226 |  |  | 76,042 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,799,061 |
Southern California | 149,423 |  |  | 105,061 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,124,742 |
Other Expansion Regions | 8,475 |  |  | 5,547 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 476,617 |
Total Same Store | 677,245 |  |  | 470,728 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,743,672 |
Other Stabilized | 25,068 |  |  | 16,818 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,272,905 |
Development / Redevelopment | 8,061 |  |  | 4,395 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,785,038 |
Land Held for Development | N/A |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  | 211,546 |
Non-allocated (2) | 1,795 |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  | 70,510 |
Total | $ | 712,169 |  |  | $ | 491,941 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,083,671 |
For the period ended March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Same Store |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New England | $ | 92,374 |  |  | $ | 61,900 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,021,096 |
Metro NY/NJ | 130,153 |  |  | 90,876 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,407,248 |
Mid-Atlantic | 98,111 |  |  | 69,697 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,702,562 |
Southeast Florida | 24,413 |  |  | 16,273 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,093,779 |
Denver, CO | 9,843 |  |  | 7,282 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 504,164 |
Pacific Northwest | 41,955 |  |  | 30,207 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,515,510 |
Northern California | 105,145 |  |  | 75,254 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,771,728 |
Southern California | 138,928 |  |  | 95,927 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,063,271 |
Other Expansion Regions | 8,318 |  |  | 5,562 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 473,286 |
Total Same Store | 649,240 |  |  | 452,978 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,552,644 |
Other Stabilized | 14,689 |  |  | 9,679 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 962,630 |
Development / Redevelopment | 4 |  |  | (290) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,004,656 |
Land Held for Development | N/A |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  | 177,889 |
Non-allocated (2) | 1,066 |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  | 69,564 |
Total | $ | 664,999 |  |  | $ | 462,367 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 25,767,383 |
__________________________________ (1)Does not include gross real estate assets held for sale of $20,953 as of March 31, 2024 and gross real estate either sold or classified as held for sale subsequent to March 31, 2023 of $266,346. (2)Revenue represents third-party property management, developer fees and miscellaneous income and other ancillary items which are not allocated to a reportable segment.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 22 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-15 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 31 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 42 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 40 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//280/tableOfContent Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 26 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-26 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 34 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-34 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 41 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 + Details
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