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Segment Reporting | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting The Company's reportable operating segments include Same Store, Other Stabilized and Development/Redevelopment. Annually as of January 1, the Company determines which of its communities fall into each of these categories and generally maintains that classification throughout the year for the purpose of reporting segment operations, unless disposition or redevelopment plans regarding a community change. In addition, the Company owns land for future development and has other corporate assets that are not allocated to an operating segment. The Company's segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the CODM for assessing each segment's performance. The Company's CODM is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI") as the primary financial measure for Same Store communities and Other Stabilized communities. NOI is defined by the Company as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses (including property taxes), and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income, expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries, interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, net, general and administrative expense, income from unconsolidated investments, depreciation expense, income tax (benefit) expense, casualty and impairment loss, gain on sale of communities, other real estate activity and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale. The CODM evaluates the Company's financial performance on a consolidated residential and commercial basis. The commercial results attributable to the non-apartment components of the Company's mixed-use communities and other nonresidential operations represent 1.8% of total NOI for both the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and 1.7% and 1.8% of total NOI for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of a community's or communities' operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI excludes a number of income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to net income and consistent with how the Company's CODM evaluates total NOI. In conjunction with the Company’s continued centralization of operating activities into a shared services model, the Company changed its presentation for centralized shared service costs to reflect these platform costs in property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income for all periods presented. Total property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 as presented in the following table includes $3,143,000 and $6,295,000, respectively, of shared services costs for this change. A reconciliation of NOI to net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| For the three months ended June 30, |  | For the six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 254,007 |  |  | $ | 367,807 |  |  | $ | 427,564 |  |  | $ | 514,582 |
Property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income | 37,553 |  |  | 32,115 |  |  | 72,757 |  |  | 66,051 |
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries | 1,417 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 5,662 |  |  | 4,253 |
Interest expense, net | 57,078 |  |  | 51,585 |  |  | 111,844 |  |  | 108,406 |
General and administrative expense | 19,586 |  |  | 17,676 |  |  | 39,917 |  |  | 38,076 |
Income from unconsolidated investments | (4,822) |  |  | (4,970) |  |  | (15,669) |  |  | (9,815) |
Depreciation expense | 206,923 |  |  | 200,546 |  |  | 419,192 |  |  | 405,289 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (62) |  |  | (217) |  |  | (84) |  |  | 3,343 |
Casualty and impairment loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,935 |  |  | 5,051 |
Gain on sale of communities | (68,556) |  |  | (187,322) |  |  | (68,486) |  |  | (187,309) |
Other real estate activity | (181) |  |  | (341) |  |  | (322) |  |  | (470) |
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | (6,511) |  |  | (12,467) |  |  | (13,571) |  |  | (25,755) |
Net operating income | $ | 496,432 |  |  | $ | 465,673 |  |  | $ | 981,739 |  |  | $ | 921,702 |
The following is a summary of NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
| For the three months ended June 30, |  | For the six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Rental income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | $ | 9,959 |  |  | $ | 18,818 |  |  | $ | 20,705 |  |  | $ | 38,262 |
Operating expenses from real estate assets sold or held for sale | (3,448) |  |  | (6,351) |  |  | (7,134) |  |  | (12,507) |
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale | $ | 6,511 |  |  | $ | 12,467 |  |  | $ | 13,571 |  |  | $ | 25,755 |
The primary performance measure for communities under development or redevelopment depends on the stage of completion. While under development, management monitors actual construction costs against budgeted costs as well as lease-up pace and rent levels compared to budget. The following table details the Company's segment information as of the dates specified (dollars in thousands). The segments are classified based on the individual community's status at January 1, 2024. Segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 has been adjusted to exclude the real estate assets that were sold from January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, or otherwise qualify as held for sale as of June 30, 2024, as described in Note 6, "Real Estate Disposition Activities."
| For the three months ended |  | For the six months ended |  |
| Total revenue |  | NOI |  | Total revenue |  | NOI |  | Gross real estate (1)
For the period ended June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Same Store |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New England | $ | 91,816 |  |  | $ | 63,444 |  |  | $ | 182,112 |  |  | $ | 124,532 |  |  | $ | 2,826,523 |
Metro NY/NJ | 134,396 |  |  | 92,735 |  |  | 268,088 |  |  | 184,648 |  |  | 4,365,817 |
Mid-Atlantic | 103,458 |  |  | 70,888 |  |  | 205,297 |  |  | 142,100 |  |  | 3,754,148 |
Southeast Florida | 24,540 |  |  | 15,886 |  |  | 48,979 |  |  | 31,753 |  |  | 1,099,906 |
Denver, CO | 10,240 |  |  | 7,336 |  |  | 20,369 |  |  | 14,734 |  |  | 505,650 |
Pacific Northwest | 43,817 |  |  | 31,403 |  |  | 87,034 |  |  | 62,386 |  |  | 1,529,151 |
Northern California | 107,553 |  |  | 75,969 |  |  | 214,779 |  |  | 152,011 |  |  | 3,808,982 |
Southern California | 148,654 |  |  | 104,483 |  |  | 296,529 |  |  | 208,526 |  |  | 5,069,842 |
Other Expansion Regions | 8,468 |  |  | 5,678 |  |  | 16,943 |  |  | 11,225 |  |  | 477,609 |
Total Same Store | 672,942 |  |  | 467,822 |  |  | 1,340,130 |  |  | 931,915 |  |  | 23,437,628 |
Other Stabilized | 27,562 |  |  | 19,458 |  |  | 52,631 |  |  | 36,277 |  |  | 1,337,993 |
Development / Redevelopment | 13,748 |  |  | 9,152 |  |  | 21,809 |  |  | 13,547 |  |  | 2,001,561 |
Land Held for Development | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 174,997 |
Non-allocated (2) | 1,830 |  |  | N/A |  | 3,625 |  |  | N/A |  | 117,172 |
Total | $ | 716,082 |  |  | $ | 496,432 |  |  | $ | 1,418,195 |  |  | $ | 981,739 |  |  | $ | 27,069,351 |
For the period ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Same Store |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New England | $ | 87,810 |  |  | $ | 59,703 |  |  | $ | 173,974 |  |  | $ | 117,429 |  |  | $ | 2,793,327 |
Metro NY/NJ | 129,444 |  |  | 89,585 |  |  | 257,548 |  |  | 179,242 |  |  | 4,357,275 |
Mid-Atlantic | 100,866 |  |  | 70,559 |  |  | 198,977 |  |  | 140,257 |  |  | 3,713,303 |
Southeast Florida | 23,954 |  |  | 15,659 |  |  | 48,367 |  |  | 31,932 |  |  | 1,095,712 |
Denver, CO | 10,060 |  |  | 6,824 |  |  | 19,904 |  |  | 14,106 |  |  | 504,407 |
Pacific Northwest | 42,448 |  |  | 30,369 |  |  | 84,403 |  |  | 60,576 |  |  | 1,517,793 |
Northern California | 106,960 |  |  | 77,141 |  |  | 212,104 |  |  | 152,395 |  |  | 3,777,500 |
Southern California | 142,002 |  |  | 99,188 |  |  | 279,453 |  |  | 194,170 |  |  | 5,004,623 |
Other Expansion Regions | 8,470 |  |  | 5,367 |  |  | 16,789 |  |  | 10,929 |  |  | 474,666 |
Total Same Store | 652,014 |  |  | 454,395 |  |  | 1,291,519 |  |  | 901,036 |  |  | 23,238,606 |
Other Stabilized | 17,065 |  |  | 11,843 |  |  | 31,755 |  |  | 21,521 |  |  | 985,053 |
Development / Redevelopment | 251 |  |  | (565) |  |  | 255 |  |  | (855) |  |  | 1,176,529 |
Land Held for Development | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 195,115 |
Non-allocated (2) | 2,712 |  |  | N/A |  | 3,778 |  |  | N/A |  | 70,212 |
Total | $ | 672,042 |  |  | $ | 465,673 |  |  | $ | 1,327,307 |  |  | $ | 921,702 |  |  | $ | 25,665,515 |
__________________________________ (1)Does not include gross real estate assets held for sale of $233,212 as of June 30, 2024 and gross real estate either sold or classified as held for sale subsequent to June 30, 2023 of $447,160. (2)Revenue represents third-party property management, developer fees and miscellaneous income and other ancillary items which are not allocated to a reportable segment.

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