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Income and Other Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of PPL's deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |
Deferred investment tax credits | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Regulatory liabilities | 186 |  |  | 133 |
Income taxes due to customers | 397 |  |  | 418 |
Accrued pension and postretirement costs | 99 |  |  | 112 |
State loss carryforwards | 181 |  |  | 224 |
Federal and state tax credit carryforwards | 35 |  |  | 24 |
Internal Revenue Code Section 197 intangibles | 67 |  |  | 72 |
Contributions in aid of construction | 206 |  |  | 163 |
Bad debt | 34 |  |  | 37 |
Other | 130 |  |  | 114 |
Valuation allowances | (184) |  |  | (224) |
Total deferred tax assets | 1,178 |  |  | 1,101 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |
Plant - net | 4,105 |  |  | 3,898 |
Regulatory assets | 432 |  |  | 432 |
Prepayments | 49 |  |  | 39 |
Goodwill | 52 |  |  | 38 |
Other | 37 |  |  | 38 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 4,675 |  |  | 4,445 |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 3,497 |  |  | $ | 3,344 |
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards and Tax Credit Carryforwards | At December 31, 2025, PPL had the following loss and tax credit carryforwards, related deferred tax assets and valuation allowances recorded against the deferred tax assets:
| Gross |  | Deferred Tax Asset |  | Valuation Allowance |  | Expiration
Loss and other carryforwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State net operating losses | $ | 4,281 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | (181) |  |  | 2026-2045
State charitable contributions | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2026-2030
Foreign capital loss | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | Indefinite
| Gross |  | Deferred Tax Asset |  | Valuation Allowance |  | Expiration
Credit carryforwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal investment tax credit |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 2045
Federal - other |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2045
State recycling credit |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 2028
State - other |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | Indefinite
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts of Deferred Tax Assets | The changes in deferred tax valuation allowances were as follows:
|  |  | Additions |  |  |  |
| Balance at Beginning of Period |  | Charged to Income |  | Charged to Other Accounts |  | Deductions |  | Balance at End of Period
2025 | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  | (a) | $ | 184 |
2024 | 245 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 25 |  | (b) | 224 |
2023 | 213 |  |  | 54 |  | (c) | — |  |  | 22 |  | (d) | 245 |
(a)In 2025, PPL recorded a $41 million decrease in a valuation allowance on a 2005 state net operating loss carryforward that expired in 2025. (b)In 2024, PPL recorded a $23 million decrease in a valuation allowance on a 2004 state net operating loss carryforward that expired in 2024. (c)PPL has a Pennsylvania net operating loss fully offset by a valuation allowance. In 2023, PPL adjusted the net operating loss and related valuation allowance to be recorded at the current estimate of the applicable rate at which each portion of the net operating loss that will expire and be written off as the rate is reduced annually by one half a percentage point until the rate reaches to 4.99% in 2031. (d)In 2023, PPL recorded a $22 million decrease in a valuation allowance on a 2003 state net operating loss carryforward that expired in 2023.
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |
Current - Federal (a) | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | (175) |
Current - State | 53 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 37 |
Total Current Expense (Benefit) | 99 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (138) |
Deferred - Federal (a) | 172 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 286 |
Deferred - State | 27 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 48 |
Total Deferred Expense (Benefit), excluding operating loss carryforwards | 199 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 334 |
Amortization of investment tax credit | (3) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Tax expense (benefit) of operating loss carryforwards |  |  |  |  |
Deferred - Federal | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Deferred - State | (5) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (12) |
Total Tax Expense (Benefit) of Operating Loss Carryforwards | (4) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (9) |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 184 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - Federal | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 111 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - State | 75 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 73 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 184 |
(a)In 2025, 2024, and 2023, PPL purchased approximately $153 million, $27 million and $300 million of renewable tax credits and recorded a current tax benefit and a deferred tax expense for utilization of approximately $138 million, $61 million and $250 million of the credits, respectively. In the table above, the following income tax expense (benefit) are excluded from income taxes:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Other comprehensive income | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (14) |
Valuation allowance recorded to other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Total | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (15) |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Derived From Statutory Tax Rate | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate | $ | 309 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 234 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 194 |  |  | 21.0 | %
Increase (decrease) due to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (a) | 75 |  |  | 5.0 | % |  | 67 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 69 |  |  | 7.5 | %
Tax credits (federal): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment tax credits | (17) |  |  | (1.1) | % |  | (5) |  |  | (0.5) | % |  | (19) |  |  | (2.1) | %
Other tax credits | (1) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | (5) |  |  | (0.5) | % |  | (7) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Subtotal | (18) |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (10) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | (26) |  |  | (2.8) | %
Utility rate-making tax adjustments (federal and state): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of excess deferred taxes | (51) |  |  | (3.4) | % |  | (46) |  |  | (4.1) | % |  | (48) |  |  | (5.2) | %
AFUDC Equity | (20) |  |  | (1.3) | % |  | (10) |  |  | (0.9) | % |  | (6) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Flow-through rate-making (b) | (10) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | (11) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | (4) |  |  | (0.5) | %
Subtotal | (81) |  |  | (5.3) | % |  | (67) |  |  | (6.0) | % |  | (58) |  |  | (6.4) | %
Other | 6 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 4 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 5 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Total increase (decrease) | (18) |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (6) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | (10) |  |  | (1.1) | %
Total income tax expense | $ | 291 |  |  | 19.8 | % |  | $ | 228 |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | $ | 184 |  |  | 19.9 | %
(a) Jurisdictions that make up the majority of state income taxes, net of federal effect, are Kentucky and Pennsylvania. (b) Flow-through occurs when the regulator excludes deferred tax expense or benefit from recoverable costs when determining income tax expense.
Details of Taxes Other Than Income | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Taxes, other than income |  |  |  |  |
State gross earnings and state gross receipts | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 195 |
Property and other | 209 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 197 |
Total | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 392 |
Income Tax Cash Payments (Refunds) by Federal and State Jurisdictions | Income tax cash payments (refunds) by federal and state jurisdictions:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Federal | $ | 66 |  | (a) | $ | (149) |  | (b) | $ | 252 |  | (c)
Pennsylvania | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 24 |  |
Kentucky | 6 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |
Other states | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
Total | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | $ | 281 |  |
(a) Includes purchase price of transferable tax credits of $40 million. (b) Includes refund for the carry-back of acquired transferable tax credits applied to the 2021 tax return of $200 million and purchase price of transferable tax credits of $20 million. (c) Includes refund of $55 million and purchase price of transferable tax credits of $282 million.
PPL Electric Utilities Corp [Member] |
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of PPL Electric's deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |
Accrued pension and postretirement costs | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 36 |
Contributions in aid of construction | 156 |  |  | 120 |
Regulatory liabilities | 57 |  |  | 40 |
Income taxes due to customers | 177 |  |  | 184 |
Other | 25 |  |  | 22 |
Total deferred tax assets | 444 |  |  | 402 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |
Electric utility plant - net | 2,028 |  |  | 1,934 |
Regulatory assets | 165 |  |  | 160 |
Prepayments | 30 |  |  | 30 |
Other | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,225 |  |  | 2,128 |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 1,781 |  |  | $ | 1,726 |
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Income Tax Expense |  |  |  |  |
Current - Federal | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 91 |
Current - State | 44 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 31 |
Total Current Expense | 180 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 122 |
Deferred - Federal | 17 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 28 |
Deferred - State | 7 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 18 |
Total Deferred Expense, excluding operating loss carryforwards | 24 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 46 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 168 |
Total income tax expense - Federal | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 119 |
Total income tax expense - State | 51 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 168 |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Derived From Statutory Tax Rate | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes at statutory tax rate | $ | 177 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 158 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 144 |  |  | 21.0 | %
Increase (decrease) due to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (a) | 52 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 47 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | 48 |  |  | 7.1 | %
Utility rate-making tax adjustments (federal and state): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of excess deferred federal income taxes | (10) |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (10) |  |  | (1.3) | % |  | (11) |  |  | (1.6) | %
AFUDC Equity | (8) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | (6) |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | (4) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Flow-through rate-making (b) | (10) |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (11) |  |  | (1.5) | % |  | (4) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Subtotal | (28) |  |  | (3.4) | % |  | (27) |  |  | (3.5) | % |  | (19) |  |  | (3.0) | %
Other | 3 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | (2) |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | (5) |  |  | (0.6) | %
Total increase (decrease) | 27 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 18 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | 24 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Total income tax expense | $ | 204 |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | $ | 176 |  |  | 23.5 | % |  | $ | 168 |  |  | 24.5 | %
(a) The jurisdiction that makes up the majority of state income taxes, net of federal effect, is Pennsylvania. (b) Flow-through occurs when the regulator excludes deferred tax expense or benefit from recoverable costs when determining income tax expense.
Details of Taxes Other Than Income | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Taxes, other than income |  |  |  |  |
State gross receipts | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 136 |
Property and other | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Total | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 143 |
Income Tax Cash Payments (Refunds) by Federal and State Jurisdictions | Income tax cash payments by federal and state jurisdictions:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Federal | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |
Pennsylvania | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 24 |  |
Total | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |
Louisville Gas And Electric Co [Member] |
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of LG&E's deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |
Contributions in aid of construction | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Regulatory liabilities | 18 |  |  | 18 |
Accrued pension and postretirement costs | — |  |  | 4 |
Deferred investment tax credits | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Income taxes due to customers | 104 |  |  | 110 |
State tax credit carryforwards | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Lease liabilities | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Other | 9 |  |  | 6 |
Valuation allowances | (5) |  |  | (6) |
Total deferred tax assets | 159 |  |  | 167 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |
Plant - net | 884 |  |  | 875 |
Regulatory assets | 87 |  |  | 88 |
Lease right-of-use assets | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Other | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 978 |  |  | 970 |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 803 |
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |
Current - Federal | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 70 |
Current - State | 14 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |
Total Current Expense (Benefit) | 86 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 83 |
Deferred - Federal | (10) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (15) |
Deferred - State | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |
Total Deferred Expense (Benefit) | (7) |  |  | 7 |  |  | (13) |
Amortization of investment tax credit - Federal | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 69 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - Federal | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - State | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 15 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 69 |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Derived From Statutory Tax Rate | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes at statutory tax rate | $ | 81 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 79 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 70 |  |  | 21.0 | %
Increase (decrease) due to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (a) | 15 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | 14 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 13 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Utility rate-making tax adjustments (federal and state): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of excess deferred taxes | (14) |  |  | (3.5) | % |  | (13) |  |  | (3.4) | % |  | (13) |  |  | (3.9) | %
AFUDC Equity | (4) |  |  | (1.1) | % |  | (2) |  |  | (0.4) | % |  | (1) |  |  | (0.3) | %
Subtotal | (18) |  |  | (4.6) | % |  | (15) |  |  | (3.8) | % |  | (14) |  |  | (4.2) | %
Other | — |  |  | — | % |  | (1) |  |  | (0.3) | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total increase (decrease) | (3) |  |  | (0.8) | % |  | (2) |  |  | (0.4) | % |  | (1) |  |  | (0.4) | %
Total income tax expense | $ | 78 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | $ | 77 |  |  | 20.6 | % |  | $ | 69 |  |  | 20.6 | %
(a)The jurisdiction that makes up the majority of state income taxes, net of federal effect, is Kentucky.
Details of Taxes Other Than Income | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Taxes, other than income |  |  |  |  |
Property and other | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 48 |
Total | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 48 |
Income Tax Cash Payments (Refunds) by Federal and State Jurisdictions | Income tax cash payments by federal and state jurisdictions:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Federal | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |
Kentucky | 14 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |  |
Total | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |
Kentucky Utilities Co [Member] |
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of KU's deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |
Contributions in aid of construction | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Regulatory liabilities | 31 |  |  | 29 |
Deferred investment tax credits | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Income taxes due to customers | 117 |  |  | 124 |
State tax credit carryforwards | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Lease liabilities | 7 |  |  | 6 |
Other | 8 |  |  | 4 |
Valuation allowances | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Total deferred tax assets | 202 |  |  | 197 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |
Plant - net | 1,085 |  |  | 1,053 |
Regulatory assets | 56 |  |  | 55 |
Pension and postretirement costs | 8 |  |  | 6 |
Lease right-of-use assets | 7 |  |  | 6 |
Other | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 1,158 |  |  | 1,121 |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 924 |
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |
Current - Federal | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 73 |
Current - State | 16 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 13 |
Total Current Expense (Benefit) | 99 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 86 |
Deferred - Federal | (4) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (11) |
Deferred - State | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Total Deferred Expense (Benefit) | 2 |  |  | (13) |  |  | (7) |
Amortization of investment tax credit - Federal | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 77 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - Federal | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) - State | 22 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 17 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 77 |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Derived From Statutory Tax Rate | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes at statutory tax rate | $ | 104 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 93 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 82 |  |  | 21.0 | %
Increase (decrease) due to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (a) | 19 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | 16 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 15 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Utility rate-making tax adjustment (federal and state): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes | (18) |  |  | (3.6) | % |  | (17) |  |  | (3.7) | % |  | (17) |  |  | (4.3) | %
AFUDC Equity | (5) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | (2) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Subtotal | (23) |  |  | (4.6) | % |  | (19) |  |  | (4.3) | % |  | (17) |  |  | (4.3) | %
Other | (1) |  |  | (0.3) | % |  | (1) |  |  | (0.4) | % |  | (3) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Total decrease | (5) |  |  | (1.1) | % |  | (4) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | (5) |  |  | (1.2) | %
Total income tax expense | $ | 99 |  |  | 19.9 | % |  | $ | 89 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | $ | 77 |  |  | 19.8 | %
(a)The jurisdiction that makes up the majority of state income taxes, net of federal effect, is Kentucky.
Details of Taxes Other Than Income | Details of the components of income tax expense, a reconciliation of federal income taxes derived from statutory tax rates applied to "Income Before Income Taxes" to income taxes for reporting purposes, income tax cash payments and refunds by federal and state jurisdictions, and details of "Taxes, other than income" were:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Taxes, other than income |  |  |  |  |
Property and other | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Total | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Income Tax Cash Payments (Refunds) by Federal and State Jurisdictions | Income tax cash payments by federal and state jurisdictions:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Federal | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Kentucky | 15 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 12 |
Other | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 78 |

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