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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of provision for income taxes
The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
202520242023
Current provision for income taxes:
Federal
$158,426 $325,858 $355,393 
State
75,122 84,662 91,586 
Total current provision for income taxes233,548 410,520 446,979 
Deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes:
Federal
66,574 (66,056)(56,539)
State
(13,639)(10,188)(11,915)
Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes
52,935 (76,244)(68,454)
Provision for income taxes$286,483 $334,276 $378,525 
Summary of effective income tax rate reconciliation
The following table reflects a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates to the Company’s effective income tax rates:
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Amount
%
Federal at statutory income tax rates
$241,413 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit (1)
47,832 4.2 
Tax credits:
General business credits
(9,914)(0.9)
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits9,717 0.8 
Nontaxable or nondeductible items:
Share-based payment awards(4,163)(0.4)
Other1,598 0.2 
Effective income tax rate
$286,483 24.9 %
(1) State taxes in California, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Minnesota made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.
The following table reflects a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates to the Company’s effective income tax rates in accordance with the guidance in effect prior to the adoption of the new income tax disclosure requirements during the year ended December 31, 2025:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
Federal statutory income tax rates21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
4.2 5.0 
Non-deductible expenses
0.2 0.9 
Federal research and development credits
(0.7)(0.6)
Share-based compensation(0.8)(0.2)
Other
0.1 0.1 
Effective income tax rates24.0 %26.2 %
Components of the net deferred income taxes
The components of the net deferred income taxes included in the consolidated statements of financial condition were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20252024
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred compensation
$290,055 $230,757 
Operating lease liabilities55,072 40,240 
Tax credit carryforwards
28,999 24,244 
Finance lease liabilities— 28,383 
Forgivable loans89,783 41,003 
Capitalized research and development expenditures
2,062 22,164 
Accrued liabilities
33,369 29,813 
Share-based compensation
17,433 15,323 
Other
14,290 19,329 
Deferred tax assets
531,063 451,256 
Less: valuation allowance
(24,131)(23,215)
Total deferred tax assets
506,932 428,041 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Internally developed software
(201,680)(43,053)
Depreciation of property and equipment
(33,901)(55,334)
Amortization of other intangibles(110,091)(147,574)
Operating lease assets
(47,019)(32,167)
Unrealized gains and losses
(31,276)(15,842)
Other
(4,743)(4,169)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(428,710)(298,139)
Deferred tax assets, net$78,222 $129,902 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following table reflects a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
December 31,
202520242023
Balance — beginning of year$46,519 $61,592 $52,270 
Increases for tax positions taken during the current year
5,384 7,795 10,433 
Increases for tax positions taken in the prior years
10,074 2,950 10,606 
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations and decreases in prior-year tax positions(9,223)(25,818)(11,717)
Balance — end of year$52,754 $46,519 $61,592 
Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures
Net cash paid (refunds received) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Federal
$257,101 
Aggregated state and local jurisdictions (1)
71,459 
Net cash paid for income taxes
$328,560 
(1) No individual state taxing jurisdiction comprised more than 5% of net cash paid (refunds received).