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TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for income taxes (benefits)
For the Years Ended December 31,
INCOME TAXES(1)
202020192018
(In millions)
Currently payable (receivable)-
Federal (2)
$(14)$(16)$(16)
State(3)
21 24 17 
Deferred, net-   
Federal(4)
171 150 252 
State(5)
(38)60 243 
133 210 495 
Investment tax credit amortization(14)(5)(6)
Total income taxes$126 $213 $490 
(1)Income Taxes on Income from Continuing Operations.
(2)Excludes $6 million of federal tax expense associated with discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(3)Excludes $1 million of state tax expense associated with discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(4)Excludes $66 million, $9 million and $1.3 billion of federal tax benefit associated with discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(5)Excludes $1 million, $4 million and $12 million of state tax expense associated with discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Reconciliation of federal income tax expense at the federal statutory rate to the total provision for income taxes The following tables provide a reconciliation of federal income tax expense (benefit) at the federal statutory rate to the total income taxes (benefits) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
(In millions)
Income from Continuing Operations, before income taxes$1,129 $1,117 $1,512 
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate (21%)$237 $235 $318 
Increases (reductions) in taxes resulting from-
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit75 96 90 
AFUDC equity and other flow-through(38)(36)(31)
Amortization of investment tax credits(14)(5)(5)
Remeasurement of deferred taxes— — 24 
WV unitary group remeasurement— — 126 
Excess deferred tax amortization due to the Tax Act(56)(74)(60)
TMI-2 reversal of tax regulatory liabilities
(40)— — 
Uncertain tax positions(1)(11)
Valuation allowances(49)21 
Other, net12 
Total income taxes$126 $213 $490 
Effective income tax rate11.2 %19.1 %32.4 %
Accumulated deferred income taxes
Accumulated deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, are as follows:
As of December 31,
20202019
(In millions)
Property basis differences$5,396 $5,037 
Pension and OPEB(769)(698)
TMI-2 nuclear decommissioning— 89 
AROs(28)(226)
Regulatory asset/liability440 445 
Deferred compensation(165)(154)
Estimated worthless stock deduction— (1,007)
Loss carryforwards and AMT credits(1,995)(836)
Valuation reserve496 441 
All other(280)(242)
Net deferred income tax liability$3,095 $2,849 
Pre-tax net operating loss expiration period
Expiration PeriodStateLocal
(In millions)
2021-2025$2,253 $4,353 
2026-20301,447 — 
2031-20351,152 — 
2036-20401,087 — 
Indefinite2,091 — 
$8,030 $4,353 
Valuation allowance roll forward
The following table summarizes the changes in valuation allowances on federal, state and local DTAs related to disallowed interest and certain employee remuneration, in addition to state and local NOLs discussed above for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

(In millions)202020192018
Beginning of year balance$441 $394 $312 
Charged to income55 47 82 
Charged to other accounts— — — 
Write-offs— — — 
End of year balance$496 $441 $394 
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes the changes in unrecognized tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2018$80 
Current year increases125 
Prior year decreases(45)
Decrease for lapse in statute(2)
Balance, December 31, 2018$158 
Current year increases22 
Prior year decreases(12)
Decrease for lapse in statute(4)
Balance, December 31, 2019$164 
Current year increases
Prior years decreases(28)
Decrease for lapse in statute(2)
        Effectively settled with taxing authorities
(2)
Balance, December 31, 2020$139 
Details of general taxes
General tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, recognized in continuing operations is summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
(In millions)
KWH excise$183 $191 $198 
State gross receipts182 185 192 
Real and personal property541 504 478 
Social security and unemployment112 100 103 
Other28 28 22 
Total general taxes$1,046 $1,008 $993